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Introduction & Graphical Vector Operations: Module 1-1 - Module 1-2

This document provides an introduction to graphical vector operations and engineering mechanics essentials. It defines key terms like vector, scalar, force and particle. It describes how to add and subtract vectors graphically using the triangle and parallelogram rules. It also introduces vector components, unit vectors and vector notation. The document then covers Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. It provides guidelines for setting up and solving engineering mechanics problems, including using consistent formatting, clear diagrams, neat written work and appropriate significant figures.

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asif
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66 views5 pages

Introduction & Graphical Vector Operations: Module 1-1 - Module 1-2

This document provides an introduction to graphical vector operations and engineering mechanics essentials. It defines key terms like vector, scalar, force and particle. It describes how to add and subtract vectors graphically using the triangle and parallelogram rules. It also introduces vector components, unit vectors and vector notation. The document then covers Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. It provides guidelines for setting up and solving engineering mechanics problems, including using consistent formatting, clear diagrams, neat written work and appropriate significant figures.

Uploaded by

asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2020-05-12

 Module 1-1 – Introduction &


Graphical Vector Operations
 Module 1-2 – Engineering
Mechanics Essentials

Luke MacDonald, MASc., [Link].


[Link]@[Link]

 Vector Mechanics – The study of the


influence of forces on objects (using
vectors)
 Mass – Amount of matter in a body
Introduction &  Force – Action of one body on another

Graphical Vector  Particle – Body of negligible


dimension
Operations  Rigid Body – Stiff and unyielding
body

1
2020-05-12

SCALER VECTOR  Vector quantities may be


 Physical quantity  Physical quantity represented as arrows
possessing only possessing both
magnitude magnitude AND  Length represents magnitude
 Examples: direction  Direction denoted by θ
 Volume, time,  Examples:
density, speed,  Displacement,
energy, mass, velocity acceleration,
distance etc. force, moment,
V
 Scaler quantities will momentum θ
be expressed in  Vectors will be
italics expressed in bold
font or with an arrow
 May be free, sliding, 𝑉= 𝑽
or fixed

 Vector addition by triangle rule:


 Vector subtraction:

 Vector addition by parallelogram


rule:

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2020-05-12

 Components of a vector are any  Unit vectors are special vectors


two or more vectors which sum to with a magnitude of 1 and are
the original vector denoted by n

Non-rectangular: V 𝑽
V 𝒏=
n 𝑽

 Unit vectors i, j, and k align with


the x, y, and z
coordinate axes
and are used in
Rectangular: unit vector
notation

 Vectors can may be expressed in


unit vector notation as follows:

𝑽 = 𝑽𝒙 + 𝑽𝒚 Engineering
= 𝑉𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑉𝑦 𝒋
𝑽
Mechanics Essentials
𝑉𝑦

𝑉𝑥

Right Hand Rule for


Right Handed
Coordinate systems:

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2020-05-12

 Law I: A body at rest remains at rest


unless an unbalanced force is applied

 Law II: The acceleration


of a particle is proportional
to the vector sum of forces
acting on it Units used
in Statics
𝜮𝑭 = 𝑚𝒂
Some
conversion
 Law III: For every Factors
action there
is an equal and
opposite reaction

 Engineering notation is a type of  Newton’s law of gravitation


scientific notation which uses governs the attraction between
ONLY powers of 3 any two masses in the universe

𝐹 = Force of attraction (N)


G = Universal constant of
𝑚1 𝑚2 gravitation
𝐹=𝐺 (6.673(10)−11 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑠 2 )
𝑟2 𝑚 = mass of each particle
(kg)
r = distance between the
particles (m)

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2020-05-12

 Engineers use scientific  Format your problems consistently:


principles to model real world  Given
 Find
phenomena by approximate
 Solution
idealized models to solve  Diagrams should be large and uncluttered and
problems contain all relevant vectors, labels, dimensions, etc.
Even consider using a ruler!
 Written work should be neat, tidy, and legible with
Real World Approximate steps clearly outlined
Model Solution
Problem  Write the equation, followed by the numbers,
followed by the final answer. Put a box around the
final answer and include relevant units. Ensure
 When formulating a problem units are consistent
consider as many variables  All vectors should be clearly labelled with an 
 Use enough significant figures to achieve an
which may be accounted for as accurate result
possible  Remember: The easier your work is to mark the
higher your mark will be!!!!!

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