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Cerebral Cortex Structure and Functions

The document discusses the laminar structure of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann (1909/1914). It identifies 5 major types of cerebral cortex fields: 1) primary sensory and motor fields, 2) unimodal association fields, 3) limbic fields, 4) paralimbic fields, and 5) heteromodal association fields. For each type, it provides details on their cytoarchitecture, connections, and functions based on the work of numerous researchers in the field. It also discusses the extralimbic innervation of the cerebral cortex by neurotransmitter systems like acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

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Goran Simic
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128 views26 pages

Cerebral Cortex Structure and Functions

The document discusses the laminar structure of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann (1909/1914). It identifies 5 major types of cerebral cortex fields: 1) primary sensory and motor fields, 2) unimodal association fields, 3) limbic fields, 4) paralimbic fields, and 5) heteromodal association fields. For each type, it provides details on their cytoarchitecture, connections, and functions based on the work of numerous researchers in the field. It also discusses the extralimbic innervation of the cerebral cortex by neurotransmitter systems like acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Uploaded by

Goran Simic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

P10

Goran Šimić

3. studeni 2020. Zagreb


Brodmann, 1909/1914.

Laminar structure
of the cerebral cortex

Limbic (inner ring) and


(outer ring)
2016.
+Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates
PNAS vol. 113 no. 28,> Anders Eklund et al., 7900–7905, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602413113
+fMRI clustering and false-positive rates
PNAS vol. 114 no. 17; Robert W. Cox et al., E3370–E3371, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1614961114
5 major f-nal types of cerebral cx fields:

1. Primary sensory and motor (idiotypic) fields


2. Unimodal association fields
3. Limbic fields (“inner ring” of the limbic lobe)
4. Paralimbic fields (“outer ring” of the limbic lobe)
5. Heteromodal (transmodal) association fields

(After Broca, Wernicke, Déjérine, Brodmann, Campbell, von Economo, Koskinas, Vogt&Vogt, Liepmann,
Goldstein, Bonhöffer, Filimonoff, Yakovlev, Sarkisov, Baily, von Bonin, Sanides, Zilles,…)
1. Primary sensory and motor
(idiotypic) fields
 Heterotypic isocx

 BA17 (visual), BA41 i 42


(auditory), BA3, 1 i 2
(somatosensory), BA4 (motor)

 Connected to sensory organs


and receptors (input), and
lower motor neurons (output)

 Are not phylogenetically


simplest and ontogenetically
earliest to develop
2. Unimodal association
fields
Homotypic isocx

BA18, 19, (visual),


BA22 (auditory), BA5 &
7 (somato-sensory),
BA6 & 8 (motor)

Respond only to
sensory stimuli in a
single modality

Receive most of the


input fibers from
respective primary
sensory fields
3. Limbic fields (“inner ring” of
the limbic lobe)
 Made of allocx (corticoid structures, paleocx &
archicx)

 Corticoid structures (septum, basal


telencephalon, amygdala), paleo- (periamigd.,
praepirif. & piriform cx) & archicx (hipp.
formation)

 Closely reciprocally interconnected with


hypothalamus through which they control self-
preservation, sexual drive, autonomic and
endocrine systems

 Amygdala are involved in processing of fearfull


stimuli (after Sperry, Myers, Bogen, Damasio x2, LeDoux, Tranel,
Gazzaniga,…), while the hipp. formation is crucial for
formation of episodic declarative memory (after
Brown, Schäffer, Bechterew, Klüver, Bucy, Papez, Milner, Corkin,
Morris, Squire, Amaral, Zola-Morgan, Llinas, Buzsaki… )
4. Paralimbic fields (“outer
ring” of the limbic lobe)
 Made of allocortex (mesocx)

 BA28 (entorhinal cx), BA35 & 36


(pro- & perirhinal cx), BA23-26 &
BA29-33 (cingular complex)

 Reciprocally interconnect limbic


fields with uni- and heteromodal
fields

 Coordinate and “reconciliate” inner


states of an organism with its
actions in surrounding word
(motivation – ant. cingulum,
aversive conditioning – post.
cingulum, can be blocked by central analgesics,
Bromm 2001…)
5. Heteromodal (transmodal)
association fields
 Homotypic isocx, human-specific cx areas
 Prefront., dorsolat. & orbitofront. cx (BA9 i 10,
BA45-47, BA8, 11 & 12), dorsopariet. cx (BA39-40)
& lat. temp. cx (BA20, 21, 37, 38)

 Link sensory information with emotions, desires


and comportment, thus mediating intermediary
(integrative) processing (cognition) (After Fuster,
Goldmann-Rakic, Mesulam,…)

 Modality-specific fragments of information are


being bonded into coherent experiences and
thoughts (transcedence of instinctive behaviour,
increased depth of “hidden-layer” processing and
context-relevant behavioral repertoire)
Inervacija moždane kore
ekstratalamičkim vlaknima
Utjecaj promjene bilo kojeg transmiterskog sustava je složen i ovisi o
neuroanatomskoj raspodjeli vlakana i receptora u vremenu
ACh Ch1-8 5-HT
B1-8(bez 4)

DA A8-16 A1-7 NA
Šimić et al. Prog. Neurobiol., 2017
Šimić et al. Prog. Neurobiol., 2017 Hvala na pozornosti!

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