MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – HYDRAULICS 2
16.01 HYDROSTATIC FORCES 2.
Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces
1. The tank shown contains water to a depth of 3 m. Determine the
resultant force, and its location, that the water pressure creates
both on the side of ABCD of the tank and on its bottom.
2. The gate in the figure is 1.5 m wide, is hinged at point B, and
rests against a smooth wall at point A. Compute
a) the force on the gate due to seawater pressure,
b) the horizontal force P exerted by the wall at point A , and
c) the reactions at the hinge B.
16.02 ANALYSIS OF DAM STABILITY
Stability Analysis of Gravity Dams
3. A storage tank contains 3 layers of liquids as shown. A 0.5-m-
thick layer of SAE 30 oil overlays a 0.6-m layer of water, which
overlays a 0.65-m layer of glycerin. All liquids are at 20◦C. The
wall of the tank is 2-m long. Estimate the magnitude and location
of the resultant force on the wall of the tank.
Factor of Safety against sliding, FSS
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 (𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑒𝑡𝑐. )
𝐹𝑆𝑆 =
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
Factor of Safety against overturning, FSO
𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑅𝑀
𝐹𝑆𝑂 =
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑂𝑀
Total Base Reaction, Ry
4. Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force 𝑅𝑦 = ∑ 𝐹𝑣
acting on the triangular end plate of the settling tank. The tank
Distance from Ry to the Toe
contains kerosene. ∑ 𝑀𝑂
𝑥=
𝑅𝑦
Maximum and Minimum Base Pressure, qmax/min
𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝑏 = −𝜎𝑛 ∓
𝐼
𝐵
𝑅𝑦 (𝑅𝑦 𝑒) ( ) 𝐵 𝐵
2
𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙/𝒎𝒊𝒏 =− ∓ 1 ; 𝑒 = − 𝑥 = |𝑥 − |
𝐵(1) (1)𝐵3 2 2
12
𝑅𝑦 6𝑒
𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙/𝒎𝒊𝒏 = − [1 ± 2 ]
𝐵 𝐵
Hydrostatic forces on Curved Surfaces Reaction Pressure Diagram Shapes
1. The semicircular plate is 4 m long and acts as a gate in a
When e < B/6, pressure prism is trapezoidal
channel. Determine the resultant force the water pressure When e = B/6, pressure prism is triangular
exerts on the plate, and then find the components of reaction When e > B/6, qmin becomes positive (is in tension)
at the hinge (pin) B and at the smooth support A. Neglect the
weight of the plate.
MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – HYDRAULICS 2
1. A concrete dam retaining water is shown in the figure. If the specific 3. A wooden buoy (s.g.=0.62) is 50mm by 50mm by 3m long is made to
weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m³. Assume hydrostatic uplift varies float in sea water (s.g.=1.025). How many Newtons of steel (s.g.=7.85)
uniformly from full hydrostatic pressure at the heel of the dam to zero at should be attached to the bottom to make the buoy float with exactly
the toe and that the coefficient of friction between the dam and the 0.45m exposed above the water surface?
foundation is 0.45.
a. Find the factor of safety against sliding.
b. The factor of safety against overturning.
c. Calculate the magnitude of the base reaction. 16.04 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
d. The pressure intensity at the heel.
e. The pressure intensity at the toe.
𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝑜 =
𝑉𝐷𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐵2 tan2 𝜃
𝑀𝐵𝑜 = (1 + )
12𝐷 2
Where:
M = Metacenter
G = Center of Gravity
Bo = Center of Buoyancy
16.03 BUOYANCY VDF = Volume of Displaced Fluid
In science, buoyancy (also known as upthrust) is an upward force MBo = Distance from the Metacenter to the Center of Buoyancy
exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. MG = Metacentric Height
D = Depth of draft
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE B = Length of base (rectangular)
Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is Θ = Angle of tilt
exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially
submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. SITUATION. A rectangular barge has a draft of 1.8 meter when fully
loaded and floating in an upright position. The barge is 7.6 m. wide and
12.8 m. long and a height of 3 m. The center of gravity of the barge is
0.30 m. above the water surface if the barge is stable.
a. Determine the distance of the metacenter above the center of
buoyancy.
b. Determine the metacentric height.
c. What is the righting moment in water when the angle of heel is
2°?
1. An iceberg having a specific gravity of 0.92 is floating on salt water of
specific gravity of 1.03. If the volume of ice above the water surface is
1000m^3, what is the total volume of the ice?
2. A stone weighs 460N in air. When submerged in water, it weighs 300N.
Find the volume and specific gravity of the stone.
