Constant acceleration, Mixed Exercise 9

45 ×1000
1 a 45 km h −1 = m s −1
3600
= 12.5 m s −1
3 min = 180 s

b=s 1
2 ( a + b) h
= 1
2 (160 + 180) ×12.5= 2125

The distance from A to B is 2125 m.

2 a

b=s 1
2 ( a + b) h

570= 1
2 (32 + 32 + T ) ×15
15
2 (T + 64) =
570
570 × 2
T + 64
= = 76
15
T = 76 − 64 = 12

c At t = 32, s = 32 ×15 = 480

At=t 44,=s 480 + area of the triangle

= 480 + 12 ×12 ×15= 570

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2 c

v −u
3 a i Gradient of line =
t
v −u
a=
t

Rearranging: v = u + at

ii Shaded area is a trapezium

u+v
area =  t
 2 

u+v
s= t
 2 

b i Rearrange v = u + at
v −u
t=
a

u+v
Substitute into s =  t
 2 

 u + v  v − u 
s=  
 2  a 

2as = v2 − u2
v2 = u2 + 2as

u+v
ii Substitute v = u + at into s =  t
 2 
 u + u + at 
s= t
 2 
 2u at 
=s  + t
 2 2
s ut + 12 at 2
=

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3 b iii Substitute u = v – at into =
s ut + 12 at 2
s =(v − at )t + 12 at 2
s= vt − 12 at 2

4 =s 1
2 ( a + b) h

152 = 12 (15 + 23)u = 19u

u 152
= = 8
19

40 ×1000 100
5=
40 km h −1 = m s −1 m s −1
3600 9

24 ×1000 20
24 km h −1
= = m s −1 m s −1
3600 3

=u , v
=
100
9 , s 240,
=
20
3 = a ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
( 203=
) ( 1009 ) + 2 × a × 240
2 2

a=
( 3 ) −( 9 )
20 2 100 2
= − 0.165 (to 2 s.f.)
2 × 240

The deceleration of the car is 0.165 m s −2 .

6 a a=
−2.5, u ===
20, t 12, s ?

s= ut + 12 at 2
= 20 ×12 − 12 × 2.5 ×122
= 240 − 180 = 60

OA = 60 m

b The particle will turn round when v = 0

−2.5, u =
a= 20, v =
0, s =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
02= 202 − 5s ⇒ s= 80

The total distance P travels is (80 + 20) m =

100 m

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7 = 6, v 25,
u = = a 9.8,
= t ?

v= u + at
25= 6 + 9.8t
25 − 6
t= =1.9 (to 2 s.f.)
9.8

The ball takes 1.9 s to move from the top of the tower to the ground.

8 Take downwards as the positive direction.

a=u 0,=s 82,=a 9.8,

= t ?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
82= 0 + 4.9t 2
82
=t = 4.1 (to 2 s.f.)
4.9

The time taken for the ball to reach the sea is 4.1 s.

b u = 0, s = 82, a = 9.8, v = ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 0 + 2 × 9.8 × 82 = 1607.2
=v 1607.2 40 (to 2 s.f.)
=

The speed at which the ball hits the sea is 40 m s−1.

c Air resistance/wind/turbulence

9 a distance = area of triangle + area of rectangle + area of trapezium

451 =12 × 8 × 2u + 12 × 2u + 12 × (u + 2u ) × 6
= 8u + 24u + 9u = 41u
u
= = 11
451
41

b The particle is moving with speed less than u m s −1 for the first 4 s

s = 12 × 4 ×11 = 22
The distance moved with speed less than u m s −1 is 22 m.

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10 a From O to P=
, u 18,
= t 12,
= v 24,
= a ?
= u 18,
= t 12,
= v 24,= a ?
v= u + at
24= 18 + 12a

24 − 18 1
=a =
12 2

From O to Q=
, u 18,
= t 20,=a 1
2, v ?
=

v= u + at
= 18 + 12 × 20 = 28

The speed of the train at Q is 28 m s −1 .

b From P to Q

u 24,=
= v 28,=t 8,=s ?
 u + v   24 + 28 
=s  = t  =  × 8 208
 2   2 

The distance from P to Q is 208 m.

11 a=s 104,
= t 8,=v 18,=
u ?

u+v
s= t
 2 
 u + 18 
104 =   × 8 = (u + 18) × 4 = 4u + 72
 2 
104 − 72
= u = 8
4

The speed of the particle at X is 8 m s −1

b=s 104,
= t 8,=v 18,=a ?

s= vt − 12 at 2
104 = 18 × 8 − 12 a × 82 = 144 − 32a
144 − 104
=a = 1.25
32

The acceleration of the particle is 1.25 m s −2 .

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 11 c From X to Z,=
u 8,=v 24,=
a 1.25,=s ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
242 = 82 + 2 ×1.25 × s
242 − 82
=s = 204.8
2.5

XZ = 204.8 m
12 a Take upwards as the positive direction.

21, s =
u= −32, a =
−9.8, v =
?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 212 + 2 × (−9.8) × (−32)= 441 + 627.2= 1068.2
v= 1068.2 = ±33 (to 2 s.f.)

The velocity with which the pebble strikes the ground is − 33 m s −1.
The speed is 33 m s −1.

b 40 m above the ground is 8 m above the point of projection.

21, s ==
u= 8, a −9.8, t =
?
s ut + 12 at 2
=
8 21t − 4.9t 2
=

0= 4.9t 2 − 21t + 8 , so using the quadratic formula,

21 ± 212 − 4 × 4.9 × 8 21 ± 284.2

=t = = 3.86, 0.423 (to 3 s.f.)
9.8 9.8

The pebble is above 40 m between these times: 3.863... − 0.423... =

3.4 (to 2 s.f.)
The pebble is more than 40 m above the ground for 3.4 s.

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12 c Take upwards as the positive direction.

u = 21, a = −9.8
21 − v
v = u + at = 21 − 9.8t ⇒ t =
9.8

From part a, the pebble hits the ground when v = −33.

21 − v 21 − (−33) 54
=t = = = 5.5 (to 2 s.f.)
9.8 9.8 9.8
This is shown on the graph at point (5.5, −33)

The graph crosses the t-axis when v = 0.

21 − v 21 − 0 21
=t = = = 2.1 (to 2 s.f.)
9.8 9.8 9.8

So the graph passes through point (2.1, 0)

13 a=u 12,
= v 32,
= s 1100,
= t ?

u+v
s = t
 2 

 12 + 32  1100
1100=   t= 22t ⇒ t= 22 = 50
 2 

The time taken by the car to move from A to C is 50 s.

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13 b Find a first.

From A to C=
, u 12,
= v 32,
= t 50,
= a ?

v= u + at
32 = 12 + a × 50
32 − 12
= a = 0.4
50

From A to B
= , u 12,
= s 550,
= a 0.4,
= v ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 122 + 2 × 0.4 × 550= 584 ⇒ v= 24.2 (to 3 s.f.)

The car passes B with speed 24.2 m s −1.

14 Take upwards as the positive direction.

At the top:

u= 30, v ==
0, a −9.8, t =
?
v= u + at
30
0 = 30 − 9.8t ⇒ t =
9.8

The ball spends 2.4 seconds above h, thus (by symmetry) 1.2 seconds rising between h and the top.
30
So it passes h 1.2 seconds earlier, at t = − 1.2 = 1.86 (to 3 s.f.)
9.8

At h, u =
30, a =
−9.8, t ≈ 1.86, s =
?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
= 30 ×1.86 + 12 (−9.8) ×1.862 = 39 (to 2 s.f.)

15 a=u 20,=a 4,=s 78,=v ?

2
v= u 2 + 2as
= 202 + 2 × 4 × 78= 1024
=v 1024 32
=

The speed of B when it has travelled 78 m is 32 m s −1 .

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15 b Find time for B to reach the point 78 m from O.

=v 32,=
u 20,=
a 4,=t ?

v= u + at
32 − 20
32 =+
20 4t ⇒ t = 3
=
4

For A, distance
= speed × time

s = 30 × 3 = 90

The distance from O of A when B is 78 m from O is 90 m.

c At time t seconds, for A, s = 30t

ut + 12 at 2 =
for B, s = 20t + 2t 2

On overtaking the distances are the same.

20t + 2t 2 =
30t
t 2 − 5t = t (t − 5) = 0

=t 5=
(at t 0, A overtakes B)

B overtakes A 5 s after passing O.

16 a To find time decelerating:

34, v =
u= 22, a =
−3, t =
?

v = u + at
34 − 22
22 = 34 − 3t ⇒ t = = 4
3

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 16 b distance = rectangle + trapezium

s = 34 × 2 + 12 (22 + 34) × 4
=68 + 112 =180

Distance required is 180 m.

17 a

b Acceleration is the gradient of a line.

30 30 10
For the first part of the journey, 3 x = ⇒ t1 = =
t1 3x x

30 30
For the last part of the journey, − x =− ⇒ t2 =
t2 x

300
t1 + T + t2 =

10
x + T + 30x = 300 ⇒ 40
x + T= 300, as required

c=
( a + b) h
s 1
2

6000 = 12 (T + 300) × 30 = 15T + 4500

6000 − 4500
=T = 100
15
Substitute into the result in part b:
40
x + 100 = 300 ⇒ 40
x = 200
x
= = 0.2
40
200

d From part c, T = 100

At constant velocity, distance = velocity × time =30 ×100 =3000 (m)

The distance travelled at a constant speed is 3 km.

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 17 e From part b, t=
1 =
10
x = 50
10
0.2

Total distance travelled = 6 km (given) so halfway = 3 km = 3000 m

While accelerating, distance travelled is ( 12 × 50 × 30 ) m =

750 m.

At constant velocity, the train must travel a further 2250 m.

distance 2250
At constant
= velocity, time = = s 75 s
velocity 30

Time for train to reach halfway is (50 + 75) s =

125 s

Challenge

Find the time taken by the first ball to reach 25 m below its point of projection (25 m above the ground).
Take upwards as the positive direction.

10, s =
u= −25, a =
−9.8, t =
?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
−25 = 10t − 4.9t 2
0= 4.9t 2 − 10t − 25
102 + 4 × 4.9 × 25
t 10 ±
=
9.8
= 3.5 (to 2 s.f.)

As we discard the negative solution. Find the time taken by the second ball to reach 25 m below its point of
projection. Take downwards as the positive direction.

= 0, s 25,
u = = a 9.8,
= t ?

s ut + 12 at 2
=
25 = 4.9t 2
t = 2.3 (to 2 s.f.)

Combining the two results:

=T 3.4989 …− 2.2587
= … 1.2 (to 2 s.f. using exact figures)

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