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Qualitative Research Designs: 1. Phenomenology

This document outlines 5 common qualitative research designs: phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, historical research, and case study. Phenomenology aims to describe lived experiences from the subject's point of view. Grounded theory is used to develop theories by constantly comparing data. Ethnography describes the characteristics of a culture through immersion and observation. Historical research examines past events to understand the present by analyzing primary sources. Case studies provide an in-depth description of an individual's experience through direct observation and interaction.

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59 views5 pages

Qualitative Research Designs: 1. Phenomenology

This document outlines 5 common qualitative research designs: phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, historical research, and case study. Phenomenology aims to describe lived experiences from the subject's point of view. Grounded theory is used to develop theories by constantly comparing data. Ethnography describes the characteristics of a culture through immersion and observation. Historical research examines past events to understand the present by analyzing primary sources. Case studies provide an in-depth description of an individual's experience through direct observation and interaction.

Uploaded by

noramin89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Specific qualitative approaches

1. Phenomenology

  Purpose, goal - to describe experiences as they are lived


     examines uniqueness of individual's lived
situations
 each person has own reality; reality is
subjective

  Research question development


     What does existence of feeling or experience
indicate concerning the phenomenon to be
explored
 What are necessary & sufficient constituents
of feeling or experience?
 What is the nature of the human being?

  Method
     No clearly defined steps to avoid limiting
creativity of researcher
 Sampling & data collection

       Seek persons who understand study &


are willing to express inner feelings &
experiences
 Describe experiences of phenomenon
 Write experiences of phenomenon
 Direct observation
 Audio or videotape

  Data analysis
     Classify & rank data
 Sense of wholeness
 Examine experiences beyond human
awareness/ or cannot be communicated
 

Outcomes
     Findings described from subject's point-of-
view
 Researcher identifies themes
 Structural explanation of findings is
developed

----------------------

2. Grounded theory

  Purpose - theory development


     Used in discovering what problems exist in a
social scene &how persons handle them
 Involves formulation, testing, &
redevelopment of propositions until a theory
is developed

  Method - steps occur simultaneously; a constant


comparative process
     Data collection - interview, observation,
record review, or combination

  Analysis
     Concept formation
 Concept development - reduction; selective
sampling of literature; selective sampling of
subjects; emergence of core concepts
 Concept modification & integration

  Outcomes - theory supported by examples from data

----------------------
3. Ethnography

  Purpose - to describe a culture's characteristics


  Method
     Identify culture, variables for study, & review
literature
 Data collection - gain entrance to culture;
immerse self in culture; acquire informants;
gather data through direct observation &
interaction with subjects

  Analysis - describe characteristics of culture


  Outcomes - description of culture

----------------------

4. Historical

  Purpose - describe and examine events of the past to


understand the present and anticipate potential future
effects
  Method
     Formulate idea - select topic after reading
related literature
 Develop research questions
 Develop an inventory of sources - archives,
private libraries, papers
 Clarify validity & reliability of data - primary
sources, authenticity, biases
 Develop research outline to organize
investigative process
 Collect data

  Analysis - synthesis of all data; accept & reject data;


reconcile conflicting evidence
  Outcomes - select means of presentation - biography,
chronology, issue paper
  ----------------------

5. Case study

  Purpose - describe in-depth the experience of one person,


family, group, community, or institution
  Method
     Direct observation and interaction with
subject

  Analysis - synthesis of experience


  Outcomes - in-depth description of the experience

 ----------------------

Data collection
Reliability & validity - rigor
Use of researcher's personality
 Involvement with subject's experience
 Live with data collection until no new information
appears

Bracketing
 Researcher suspends what is known about the
phenomenon
 Keeping an open context
 Set aside own preconceptions

Intuiting
 Process of actually looking at phenomenon
 Focus all awareness & energy on topic
 Absolute concentration & complete absorption in
phenomenon

Can use > 1 researcher & compare interpretation and analysis of


data
Data analysis
 Living with data
 Cluster & categorize data
 Examine concepts & themes
 Define relationships between/among concepts

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