Assignment Child development
Lecturer: Ma’am Nameeka Date:28.10.2020
Primitive reflexes in new born development
Primitive reflexes are automatic responses that are measured in terms of timing, strength, and
symmetry spinal cord and outward to individual muscles of the face, neck,, extremities that are
involved in postural and physical control movement. These physical movement and reflexes are
help to measure the development of brain. Primitive reflexes are present in few month of earlier
therapy then these reflexes are changed and disappeared.
Retained primitive reflexes can lead to developmental delays.
We Assess Any Child Normal Development in Three Areas;
Cognitive
Language
Physical/social
An infant's physical development begins at the head, and then moves to lower parts of body like
(toes). For example, sucking comes before sitting, which comes before walking.
Palmar reflex
This is the one of the first reflex closing of your baby”s finger around your pinky is the best
example of palmer reflex. It disappers at the age of 5 to 6 months.
Moro Reflex
Sudden movements at loud voices, sudden change in the position of your baby’s head or an
abrupt temperature change cause this reflex. By the time your baby reaches 3 to 4 months of age
this reflex will have disappeared.
Galant
This is another reflex you may notice at birth, you can observe it until your baby reaches 4 to 6
months, this reflex helps to develop range of motion in baby’s hip. This reflex help babies so that
they’ll be ready to crawl and then walk.
Rooting
Turning head toward anything that touches baby’s cheeks-a nipple or a finger, is a Rooting
Reflex. They will stop rooting at the age of 3 weeks.
Sucking
It’s a very important reflex that you will notice at right after birth. Simply putting your finger in
your child’s mouth and he will start sucking it in recurring pattern. This reflex will help child in
coordination and swallowing.
Plantar reflex
Plantar reflex can be noticed from the time of birth to about 1 to 2 years, by firmly stroking the
sole of the foot with a finger along the lateral side from the heel to the toes. This reflex used to
determine integrity of the spinal cord and cerebrum. As the central nervous system develops, this
reflex evolves into normal plantar reflex, or the toe curling down.
Stepping
This reflex disappears at around 2 to 5 months old. You can elicit this reflex by holding newborn
in upright position with soles of feet touching surfaces, in response to this newborn moves the
limbs up and down as if walking.
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
Baby's lying on their backs often turns their head to one side. The limbs on the side toward
which the head turns will straighten, and the opposite limbs bend. By turning the head to the
opposite side, the extension and contraction of the limbs often change accordingly. The reflex
may stimulate eye-hand coordination, because the extended arm moves in front of the face. The
reflex disappears around the third/fourth month of life. If the reflex continues to be triggered past
six months of age, the child may have a disorder of the upper motor neurons. The presence of the
reflex at older age might indicate that certain areas in the cortex are not in proper control of parts
of the brainstem.
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Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
TLR is present at birth. There are two parts to this reflex — forward and backward.. Normally, a
baby spends time on their tummy with head and arms up and out. While doing this, a baby
develops the muscles in their neck, shoulders, and back.
You can elicit this reflex, by laying your baby on their back and tilt their head forward above the
level of the spine. See their arms and legs curl in? For the backward TLR, lay your baby on their
back, supporting their head over the edge of a bed. Tilt their head backward below the level of
their spine. Watch their arms and legs flail out.
This is your baby’s response to gravity. The TLR interacts with other reflexes to help the infant
to start developing coordination, posture and correct head alignment. The reflex disappears at
around 2 to 4 months old.
Symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)
Symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR) is a reflex that
actually emerges at about six months and is
integrated by about a year. It looks like in babies
when your baby’s head moves forward, their arms
bend and their legs straighten. The opposite happens
when their head flexes backward: The arms
straighten and the legs bend back. The crawling
reflex or STNR has a major impact on the ability to
sit still, stay focused and copy from the board.
Posture is generally poor if the STNR is immature
with W sitting, slouching, head on the desk and
constant fidgeting.
www.simplephysicalliteracy.com for help.
Mark F. Ditmar MD, in Pediatric Secrets (Fifth Edition), 2011
