Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module:

Author: Marilou L. Lora
Reviewers: Therese Mae C.
Maandig Arian M.
Edullantes Abihail L.
Gimena
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional
Director Mala Epra B.
Magnaong CES,
CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE

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Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
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E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Media

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents
What This Module is About ............................................................................................... I
What I Need to Know....................................................................................................... II
How to Learn from this Module ...................................................................................... III
Icons of this Module........................................................................................................ IV
What I Know ................................................................................................................... IV
Lesson 1:
The Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media ................................................................ 1
What’s In ...................................................................................................................... 1
What’s New .................................................................................................................. 2
What Is It ...................................................................................................................... 2
What Is It ...................................................................................................................... 7
What’s More ................................................................................................................. 9
What I Have Learned .................................................................................................. 11
What I Can Do............................................................................................................. 11
Lesson 2:
Types of Media .................................................................................................................... 12
What’s In .................................................................................................................... 12
What’s New ................................................................................................................ 13
What Is It .................................................................................................................... 14
What’s More ............................................................................................................... 19
What I Have Learned ................................................................................................. 20
What I Can Do............................................................................................................ 21
Lesson 3:
Media and Information Sources.......................................................................................... 22
What’s In .............................................................................................. …………………23
What’s New ......................................................................................... …………………23
What Is It.............................................................................................. …………………24
What’s More ........................................................................................ …………………27
What I Have Learned .......................................................................... …………………28
What I Can Do ..................................................................................... …………………28
Summary ..................................................................................................................... .29
Key to Answers ............................................................................................................ .33
References .................................................................................................................. .38
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines our
choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms and the
ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological improvements in
telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other information providers
through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are accessed and shared by citizens
(Karklins, J., UNESCO).
This Module is a second part for the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which
will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This aimed in
introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior High School learners, as
solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and terminologies will be presented as we
go along the module.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student
to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as
responsible user and competent producer of media and information.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. But before that, let me first present
to you our learning goals for this module.

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. The Evolution of Traditional to New Media
2. Types of Media
3. Media and Information Sources
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the device used by people communicate with each other, store information and
broadcast Information across the different ages. (Identifies traditional media and new
media and their relationships MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-5);
2. Differentiate between traditional media and new media. (Editorializes the roles and
functions of media in democratic society MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6);
3. Discuss the Normative Theories of the Press. (Editorializes the roles and functions of
media in democratic society MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6);
4. Identify the functions of communication and media. (Searches latest theory on
information and media MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-7);
5. Identify the different types of media. (Classifies contents of different media types
MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
6. Classify contents of different media types. (Classifies contents of different media types
MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
7. Analyze and evaluate the effects of new media to the youth. (Classifies contents of
different media types MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
8. Explain the need to be aware and understand propaganda materials (Classifies
contents of different media types MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10);
9. Define media convergence through current example MIL11/12TYM-IIId-11) ;
10. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different sources information
(Discusses to class on how a particular individual/ or society is portrayed in public using
different type of media MIL11/12TYM-IIId-12);
11. identify and explain basic criteria for evaluating information(Compares potential sources of
media and information MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-13);
12. Interviews an elder from the community regarding indigenous media and information
resource MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-14;
13. discuss the importance of being able to evaluate information from the internet (Evaluates
everyday media and information with regard to with codes, convention, and messages;
in regards with audience, producers, and other stakeholders MIL11/12MILA-IIIf-15;
14. Produces and assesses the codes, convention, and messages of a group presentation
MILI11/12MILA-IIIf-16.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are
Know set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of
the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further to master the
competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case
your skills and knowledge gained and applied into
real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. What year were Facebook online social networking services is being introduce to the
internet world?
A. 2000 B. 1995
C. 2004 D. 2020
2. In the evolution of Electronic Age, what year is being started and introduce?
A. 1930–1980 B. 2001- 2005
C. 1995-2000 D. All of the above
3. Before 1700s or during the Prehistoric age, what was there way of communication as
they’re painting in the wall as they will represent dancing and hunting people?
A. Cave painting B. Email
C. Mobile phone D. All of the above
4. In the aspect of media and government under the normative theories of the press, what
theory that describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the
governing elite.
A. Social responsibility B. Authoritarian
C. Libertarian D. All of the above
5. What type of media is Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper?
A. Print media B. Broadcast media
C. Film D. New media
6. GMA 24 Oras aired on channel 7?
A. Broadcast media B. Print media
C. New media D. All of the above
7. A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials can be found that are
kept for use.
A. Internet B. Library
C. Indigenous knowledge D. None of the above
8. Types of information, provide very current information about event, people, or places
as the time they are published.
A. Newspaper B. Magazines
C. Books D. All of the above
9. An electronic communications network that connect computer networks and
organizational computer facilities around the world.
A. Book B. Magazines
C. Internet D. None of the above
10. Ways to consider in evaluating information EXCEPT.
A. Accuracy B. Fairness
C. Relevance D. Copying
 Lesson
Lesson 1
2 TYPES OF MEDIA

What’s In

Activity 1: Analyzing Infographics

Source: http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/06/01/Media-killings-journalists-Duterte-Philippines.html

Process questions:
1. What information is show in the Infographics?

2. What is the implication of media killings in the Philippines?

3. Do you agree that media killings is a danger to Philippine democracy? Why? Why not?
 What’s New

Activity 2: Photo Analysis

Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/113a5fc5-c52f-4cc9-bdeb-ad9cc6deef90

Process questions:
1. Define media in your own words based from the picture shown above?

2. What possible type of media can you depict from the picture?

Category 4 3 2 1
Observations Student makes Student makes Student makes Student
a complete a detailed a detailed descriptions
and detailed description of description of are not detailed
description of most of the some of the or complete.
the subject subject matter subject matter
matter and/or and/or elements and/or elements
elements seen seen the photo. seen the photo.
the photo.
Understanding Analysis of Analysis of Analysis of Analysis of
the piece the piece the piece the piece
demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Thorough considerable some little
understanding understanding understanding understanding
of principles, of principles, of principles, of principles,
concepts and concepts and concepts and concepts and
relationships. relationships. relationships. relationships.
Thinking/ Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and Analysis and
Inquiry Interpretation Interpretation of Interpretation
of images is images is sound. of images is Interpretation
strong. satisfactory. of images is
weak.
 Application Ability to make Ability to make Ability to make Ability to make
and express and express and express and express
judgements, judgements, judgements, judgements,
conclusions and conclusions and conclusions conclusions
predictions was predictions was and predictions and predictions
insightful and considerably was moderately was limited.
effective. effective. effective.

What Is It

Media is the term we use to

refer to different types of media that
provide us with important information
and knowledge. Media has always
been part of our society, even when
people used paintings and writings to
share information. As time passed,
people came up with different modes
to provide news to the public. Based on
the type of medium, their role may be
different, but they all exist to
communicate to the audience and
affect their perceptions. Today, we
don’t have to travel oceans or wait for
a pigeon to get the latest news.

Print Media
This type of news media used to be the only way of delivering information to the public.
For the generations of the 80s and 90s, print media was the only media of entertain. People
relied on newspapers and magazines to learn everything, from recipes and entertainment news
to important information about the country or the world. Print media includes:

Newspapers. Printed and Magazines. Printed on a Books. Focused on

distributed on a daily or weekly, monthly, quarterly, a particular topic or
weekly basis. They include or annual basis. It contains subject, giving the
news related to sports, information about finance, reader a chance
politics, technology, science, food, lifestyle, fashion, to spread their
local news, national sports, etc. knowledge about their
news, international news, favorite topic.
birth notices, as well as
Banners. Used to advertise Billboards. Huge
entertainment news related
a company’s services and advertisements
to fashion, celebrities, and
products, hung on easily- created with the help
movies. Today’s parents
noticed sights to attract of computers. Their
grew up with this type of
people’s attention. goal is to attract
printed media.
people passing by.
 Brochures. A type of Flyers. Used mostly by (source: https://
booklet that includes small companies due to whatagraph.com/blog/
articles/different-types-of-
everything about one the low cost of advertising. media)
company – its products, They contain the basic
services, terms and information about a
conditions, contact details, company, their name, logo,
address, etc. They are service or product, and
either distributed with the contact information, and
newspapers, or hand over they are distributed in public
to people. areas.

Broadcast Media
Broadcast media describes the traditional forms of media that include television and
radio. Technically, the term ‘broadcast media’ can include the internet as well and even such
things as Bluetooth marketing and other forms of location-based transmissions.
(Source: https://www.openpr.com/wiki/broadcast-media)

This means to communicate or transmit a signal, a message, or content, such as audio

or video programming, to numerous recipients simultaneously over a communication network.
To make knows over a wide area.
(Source: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Broadcast+media)

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)
 Film / Cinema
The Term ‘Film’ is commonly applied to
movies of an artistic or educational nature and is
not expected to have broad, commercial appeal.
According to Wikipedia, a film is created by
photographing actual scenes with a motion
picture camera; by photographing drawings or
miniature models using traditional animation
techniques; by means of computer animation; or
by a combination of some or all of these
techniques and other visual effects. It is a series
of images, which when displayed on screen,
create an illusion of moving images by the phi
phenomenon.

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

Video Games/ Digital Games

Any of various interactive games played using a
specialized electronic gaming device or a computer
or mobile device and a television or other display
screen, along with a means to control graphic
images.

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

New Media
Defines “new media” as “forms of
communicating in the digital world, which
includes publishing... most significantly, over
the Internet. It implies that the user obtains the
material via desktop and laptop computers,
smartphones and tablets. Every company in
the developed world is involved with new
media.” PC Magazine
(Source: https://ddunleavy.typepad.com/new_
media/2016/03/what-is-new-media.html) (Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)
 Media Convergence
Media convergence is a term that can
refer to either: 1) the merging of previously
distinct media technologies and media forms
due to digitization and computer networking;
or 2) an economic strategy in which the
media properties owned by communications
companies employ digitization and computer
networking to work together.
Source:
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/
(Source: Gleonhard, https://search.creativecommons.
article/media-convergence).
org/photos/d509277b-ae9f-4fdf-89ca-24115df912c6)

Mass Media and Media Effects

Mass Media Refers to the various ways, especially television, radio,
newspapers, and magazines, by which information and news
are given to large numbers of people.
(Source:https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mass-media)

Media Effects Are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass
media does?
(Denis McQuail, 2010)

Media Effects

Third – party Theory

People think they are more immune to

media influence than others. Behavioral
hypothesis predicts that third-person
perception (i.e., seeing others as more
influenced) will lead to support for
restrictions on media messages.
Source: superk8nyc, https://search.creativecommons.
org/photos/77dd5caf-ab32-4dfa-8aca-71c56715dade
Reciprocal Effect

When a person or event gets media

attention, it influences the way the person
acts or the way the event functions.

Mixer, https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/
c2ca765b-46f5-48bc-8c08-5b4cc2628b6c
 Boomerang Effect

Refers to media-induced change that is

counter to the desired change.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V78_
D198_Boomerang_effect_caused_by_extreme_
arcing.png
Cultivation Theory
(George Gerbner)

It state media exposure, specifically to

television, shapes our social reality by
giving us a distorted view on the amount of
violence and risk in the world
rawpixel.com/ https://www.freepik.com/free-
vector/character-illustration-people-with-analog-
tv-icons_3425182.htm#query=Watching%20
Television&position=25
Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)

Process whereby the mass media determine

what we think and worry about.

Macrovector/ https://www.freepik.com/
free-vector/media-flat-set_2868633.
htm#page=1&query=Media&position=2
 Propaganda
Ideas or statements that are often false
or exaggerated and that are spread in order
to help a cause, a political leader, a
government, etc.
(http://www.merriamwebster.com/ dictionary/propaganda)

Source:https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/a2052497-0af1-4b77-915b-70f6ffd4d016

Be Aware of Propaganda
• Propaganda manipulates and diverts
you from logical analysis of issues.
• Propaganda hides the
truth.
• By understanding propaganda,
you will be able to protect yourself
from deceitful tactics.
How to Spot a Propaganda
Propaganda…
• Distorts and oversimplify evidence
• Shows internal inconsistency
after examining facts.
References

Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

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