Lucrare de laborator N1
Tema: Metoda dihotomiei
Subiectul 1. Să se localizeze, aplicând metoda grafică, rădăcinile ecuaţiilor.
a) x3-1.13*x2-1.87*x+2.13=0
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y1 -8 -1 0 1 8
y2 -1.35 -2.87 -2.13 0.87 6.13
a b f(a) f(b) f(a)*f(b)<0
x1 -2 -1 -6.65 1.87 -12.4355
a b c f(a) f(b) f(c) f(a)*f(c)<0 f(c)*f(b)<0 f(c
-2 -1 -1.5 -6.65 1.87 -0.9825 6.533625 -1.837275 FA
-1.5 -1 -1.25 -0.9825 1.87 0.74875 -0.735646875 1.4001625 FA
-1.5 -1.25 -1.375 -0.9825 0.74875 -0.034765625 0.034157227 -0.026030762 FA
-1.375 -1.25 -1.3125 -0.034765625 0.74875 0.376787109 -0.013099239 0.282119348 FA
-1.375 -1.3125 -1.34375 -0.034765625 0.376787109 0.176051025 -0.006120524 0.066333757 FA
-1.375 -1.34375 -1.359375 -0.034765625 0.176051025 0.071914215 -0.002500143 0.012660571 FA
-1.375 -1.359375 -1.3671875 -0.034765625 0.071914215 0.018893604 -0.000656848 0.001358719 FA
-1.375 -1.3671875 -1.37109375 -0.034765625 0.018893604 -0.007856004 0.000273119 -0.000148428 FA
-1.37109375 -1.3671875 -1.369140625 -0.007856004 0.018893604 0.005538779 -4.35127E-05 0.000104648 FA
-1.37109375 -1.369140625 -1.370117188 -0.007856004 0.005538779 -0.001153615 9.0628E-06 -6.38962E-06 FA
-1.370117188 -1.369140625 -1.369628907 -0.001153618 0.005538779 0.002193829 -2.53084E-06 1.21511E-05 FA
-1.370117188 -1.369628907 -1.369873048 -0.001153618 0.002193826 0.000520416 -6.00362E-07 1.1417E-06 TR
Deci x1= -1.369873048
epsilon= 0.001
b) 13*lgx - 15/ x2 = 0;
x 1 2 3 4 5
y1 0 3.913389944 6.202576311 7.826779887 9.086610056
y2 15 3.75 1.666666667 0.9375 0.6
a b f(a) f(b) f(a)*f(b)<0
x1 1 2 -15 0.163389944 -2.450849154
a b c f(a) f(b) f(c) f(a)*f(c)<0 f(c)*f(b)<0 f(c)<
1.5 2 1.75 -4.377480299 0.163389944 -1.738464551 7.610094321 -0.284047625 FALS
1.75 2 1.875 -1.738464551 0.163389944 -0.71765013 1.247609311 -0.117256814 FALS
1.875 2 1.9375 -0.71765013 0.163389944 -0.261695424 0.187805755 -0.042758401 FALS
1.9375 2 1.96875 -0.261695424 0.163389944 -0.045515017 0.011911072 -0.007436696 FALS
1.96875 2 1.984375 -0.045515017 0.163389944 0.059821092 -0.002722758 0.009774165 FALS
1.96875 1.984375 1.9765625 -0.045515017 0.059821092 0.007377094 -0.000335769 0.000441306 FALS
1.96875 1.9765625 1.97265625 -0.045515017 0.007377094 -0.019012547 0.000865356 -0.000140257 FALS
1.97265625 1.9765625 1.974609375 -0.019012547 0.007377094 -0.005803673 0.000110343 -4.28142E-05 FALS
1.974609375 1.9765625 1.975585938 -0.005803673 0.007377094 0.000790217 -4.58616E-06 5.82951E-06 TRU
epsilon= 0.001
Deci x1= 1.975585938
Subiectul 2. Utilizând metoda analitică de localizere a rădăcinilor, s ă se verifice şi să
se concretizeze segmentele care conţin rădăcinile ecuaţiilor din Subiectul 1, folosind
programele Pascal.
A)Program local;
var a,c,b,h,x1,x2:real;
function fnl(x:real):real;
begin
fnl:=x*x*x-1.13*x*x+1.87*x+2.13;{fnl:=cos(x)-x*x;}
end;
begin
writeln('introdu extrema segmentului a si b, pasul h'); readln(a,b,h);
x1:=a;x2:=x1+h;
while x2<=b do begin
if fnl(x1)*fnl(x2)<0 then writeln('[',x1:12:4,';',x2:12:4,']'); x1:=x2;
x2:=x1+h;
end;
end.
b)Program local;
var a,c,b,h,x1,x2:real;
function fnl(x:real):real;
begin
fnl:=13*log10(x) - 15/power(x,2);{fnl:=cos(x)-x*x;}
end;
begin
writeln('introdu extrema segmentului a si b, pasul h'); readln(a,b,h);
x1:=a;x2:=x1+h;
while x2<=b do begin
if fnl(x1)*fnl(x2)<0 then writeln('[',x1:12:4,';',x2:12:4,']'); x1:=x2;
x2:=x1+h;
end;
end.
Rezultatele:
A)introdu extrema segmentului a si b, pasul h
-13
13
0.13
[ -0.7800; -0.6500]
B)introdu extrema segmentului a si b, pasul h
-13
13
0.13
[ 1.9500; 2.0800]
Subiectul 3. Să se unifice într-un program metoda localizării rădăcinilor şi metoda
-3
înjumătăţirii. Să se soluţioneze ecuaţiile din Subiectul 1, cu precizia E = 10 ,
evidenţiind numărul rădăcinilor, rădăcina şi segmentul care o conţine.
A)Program Localizare_Precizare;
const e=1E-4;
var x1,x2,y1,y2,x,a,b,h:real;
r:integer;
Function fnl(x:real):real;
begin
fnl:=x*x*x-1.13*x*x+1.87*x+2.13;{fnl:=cos(x)-x*x;}
end;
procedure precizare(x1,x2:real);
var c,r1:real;
begin
while abs(x2-x1)>e do begin
c:=(x1+x2)/2;
if fnl(x1)*fnl(c)<0 then x2:=c else x1:=c; end;
r1:=(x2+x1)/2;
writeln('radacina=',r1:6:6);end;
begin
writeln('Localizarea si precizarea radacinilor'); write('introdu datele a,b,h: ');
readln(a,b,h);
x1:=a;
x2:=x1+h;
while x2<=b do begin
if fnl(x1)*fnl(x2)<0 then begin
r:=r+1;
writeln(r,' radacina a ecuatiei apartine segmentului:','[',x1:6:3,';',x2:6:3,']');
precizare(x1,x2);end;
x1:=x2;
x2:=x1+h;
end;
end.
B)Program Localizare_Precizare;
const e=1E-4;
var x1,x2,y1,y2,x,a,b,h:real;
r:integer;
Function fnl(x:real):real;
begin
fnl:=13*log10(x) - 15/power(x,2);{fnl:=cos(x)-x*x;}
end;
procedure precizare(x1,x2:real);
var c,r1:real;
begin
while abs(x2-x1)>e do begin
c:=(x1+x2)/2;
if fnl(x1)*fnl(c)<0 then x2:=c else x1:=c; end;
r1:=(x2+x1)/2;
writeln('radacina=',r1:6:6);end;
begin
writeln('Localizarea si precizarea radacinilor'); write('introdu datele a,b,h: ');
readln(a,b,h);
x1:=a;
x2:=x1+h;
while x2<=b do begin
if fnl(x1)*fnl(x2)<0 then begin
r:=r+1;
writeln(r,' radacina a ecuatiei apartine segmentului:','[',x1:6:3,';',x2:6:3,']');
precizare(x1,x2);end;
x1:=x2;
x2:=x1+h;
end;
end.
Rezultatele:
a)
Localizarea si precizarea radacinilor
introdu datele a,b,h: -13
13
0.13
1 radacina a ecuatiei apartine segmentului:[-0.780;-0.650]
radacina=-0.684436radacina=-0.676807
b)
Localizarea si precizarea radacinilor
introdu datele a,b,h: 13
0.13
-13
1 radacina a ecuatiei apartine segmentului:[13.000; 0.000]
radacina=1.975460
