NAME: Nooranqawi

ID: 1170884

Chem438

SMOG FREE TOWER

Smog is a type of intense air pollution.  This kind of visible air pollution is composed of nitrogen
oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone, smoke and other particulates. Man-made smog is derived from
coal combustion emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, forest and agricultural
fires and photochemical reactions of these emissions. But most of the smog we see is
photochemical smog which it is capable of inflicting irreversible damage on the lungs and
heart. To help clean up our air and make it breathable again, Dutch designer “Daan
Roosegaarde” created a 23-foot tall air purifier called the Smog Free Tower. The tower-like
device essentially sucks up smog like a vacuum from the top and then releases the filtered air
through its six-sided vents. It can clean more than 30,000 cubic meters of air per hour and runs
on 1,400 watts of green energy.

INTRODUCTION

Photochemical smog is formed when sunlight interacts with certain chemicals in the
atmosphere. Ozone is the main component in this type of air pollution. Ozone in the
stratosphere protects us against harmful ultraviolet radiation, but on the ground, it is
hazardous to human health. Ground-level ozone forms when motor vehicle emissions
containing nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds (produced from paint and
evaporation of fuel and solvents) react in the presence of sunlight. Ground-level ozone or
smog is bad for human health, our nose can filter up to PM10 but it cannot filter less than PM
2.5. When this size of polluted harmful air is in inhaled it can directly be passed through the
lungs. This affects our respiratory system very seriously.

Smog free tower is 23-feet tall tower that vacuum in the smog particle. It is a modular system,
energy friendly and patented ionization technology, light weight construction. The smog free
tower captures and collects more than 75% of the PM2.5 and PM10 air bound smog particles
and releases clean air around the tower with a 360 degree coverage coating an almost circular
zone of clean air in its surrounding. The tower is designed by Dutch designer and architect”
Dann Roosegaarde”

ELEMENTS OF SMOG FREE TOWER

I-THE TOWER

Smog Free Tower is 23-feettall tower that vacuum in the smog particles. It is a 7.0 × 3.5 m modular
system, energy-friendly and patented ionization technology, lightweight construction with LEDs. The
tower sucks in dirty air like a giant vacuum cleaner. Ion technology then filters it, before returning smog-
free air through the tower’s vents. By creating a field of ions, all the particles on the nano scale gets
positively charged, therefore when the ground is negatively charged, you can drag them to the ground,
and purify the air – 80 percent more clean. The great thing about the technology is that is safe and to
have 30,000 cubic meters of clean air purified, it takes an hour and only uses about 30 Watts, which is
like a light bulb, says” Daan Roosegarde”.
II-THE JWELERY

One of the greatest things about the whole project is that Roosegaarde thinks about the future as a
place where we should not have waste. He decided instead of throwing the dust gathered from the
tower, to use it as something, which can give joy to people. How? – By creating souvenirs. Roosegaarde
designed Smog Free Rings, Smog Free Cubes, Smog Free Cufflinks, Smoke Free Earrings and Smog Free
Awards of compressed smog particles. “We started to look at the smog particles and realized that most
of it exists out of carbon. And what happens when you put carbon under a lot of pressure for two or
three weeks, you get… diamonds. We are taking a thousand cubic meters of smog air and compressing
this in a sort of smog ring, and there will be different versions, so if we compress it really, really a lot,
you get like a real diamonddiamond. The largest series will be that we compress it a little bit less so it
gets crystallized, so you still see it is smog, but it’s beautiful and by sharing or selling a diamond ring like
that, a smog ring, you donate a thousand cubic meters of clean air to the city of Beijing.” – Said
Roosegaarde.

The working of the Smog Free Tower

The working of the Smog Free Tower had been validated by Professor “[Link]” of the
Eindhoven University of Technology and was successfully implemented in China and Poland. The only
limitation is that this tower can treat only small areas covered up to certain radius. Smog free project is
a series of urban innovations to reduce pollution and provide an inspirational experience of a clean
future. Smog free tower, Smog free ring and Smog free bicycle provide a local solution of clean air in
public spaces. Air filters use fine sieves that filter particles with air circulation. This filter exchanges the
air in the room by using a fan to draw the air through the purifier. The impurities remain on the filter
leaving pure air to continue on through the machine and re-enter the room. As air flowsinto the purifier,
the finer the sieve is, the smaller the particles it can trap onto the filter. HEPA air filters are made from
very tiny glass fibers that are made into a tightly woven paper. They are guaranteed to trap 99.97% of
airborne particles above 0.3 microns. The more times the air passes through the HEPA filter the cleaner
the air will be. Ionizers are distinct from Ozone Generators, although both devices operate in a similar
way. Ionizers use electro-statically charged plates to produce positively or negatively charged gas ions
(for instance N2− or O2−) that particulate matter sticks to in an effect similar to static electricity. Even
the best ionizers will also produce a small amount of ozone, O3—which is unwanted. Ozone is the tri-
atomic state of oxygen, that is, it is a molecule comprising of three oxygen atoms having the chemical
symbol O3.

METHODOLOGY

By creating a field of ions, all the particulate matters gets positively charged. Therefore when the
ground is negatively charged, the particles are attracted to the ground. The other method is using UV
ozone generator.

Negative ions are air molecules with one or more excess electrons, and can produced artificially by a
low-power, high voltage (about 5 to 14-kilovolt) DC supply. The positive terminal is grounded, and the
other (the emitter) is a needle exposed to air. Extra electrons on the emitter's surface produce a high
local electric field owing to its pointed shape. The electrons exit the emitter needle's surface due to the
polarization of surrounding air molecules between the emitter needle and ground. The electrons collide
with the air molecules and produce negative ions. What actually causes electrons excitation (corona) is
the high electric field at the tip which is directly proportional to the voltage and is enhanced by
sharpening an electrode tip to a fine point. The high electric field strains the air molecules polarizing
them by a phenomenon called dipole polarization. Air molecules are forced to accept electrons creating
negative ions. The negative ion generator described here is low- cost and easy to build. It generates high
voltage, but at very low current. However, safety precautions must be taken, as for any high-voltage
device.
 ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECT

A number of studies have been carried out on negative ion generators. Some studies show that the
ozone generated can exceed guidelines in small, non ventilated areas. One study showed that ozone can
react with other constituents, namely cleaning agents to increase pollutants such as formaldehyde
(importantly, this study had as its objective the testing of the use of cleaning products and air fresheners
indoors and associated health risks as opposed to adverse health effects of air ionizers).

POSITIVE RESULT OF SMOG FREE TOWER

“The Smog Free Tower works with the proven ENS technology of positive ionization to remove large
fractions of particulate matter from the air in its immediate surroundings. Both the technology and the
Smog Free Tower itself have been successfully evaluated with both field measurements and numerical
simulations with Computational Fluid Dynamics. The results confirm that the tower captures and
removes up to 70% of the ingested PM10 and up to 50% of the ingested PM2.5. For a tower in an open
field in calm weather, this provides PM10 reductions up to 45% and PM2.5 reductions up to 25% in a
circle with diameter of more than 20 m around the tower. When the tower is applied in semi-enclosed
or enclosed courtyards, the beneficial effects can be much larger.” (Prof. dr. Bert Blocken, Eindhoven
University of Technology, the Netherlands and KU Leuven, Belgium)

ENS Clean Air has established a strong collaboration with Prof. Blocken and his research group at the
Eindhoven University of Technology through a number of projects concerning urban and infrastructural
air purification. Currently, we are mutually preparing to take our project ‘Lungs of the City’ to the next
level. Together, we devised a concept in which large-scale air purification in the city’s existing
infrastructure substantially improves the air quality on a city-scale. On-site measurements in a pilot
project in a car park in the city of Eindhoven will be executed in order to validate the effect of the
concept.

DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION

Our dream is a clean future in which people work together to stop pollution. We believe that the Smog
Free Tower provides a unique opportunity to get people to understand the issue of air pollution through
direct experience. The bubble of clean air that the Smog Free Tower generates will be a place that brings
people together to work and think about how we can free our cities of smog.

By Ionization which It is one of nature's tools for maintaining and cleaning the air. Though positive and
negative ionization exist together naturally in the atmosphere, and abundance of negative ionization
appears to have very beneficial effects on humans, animal, and plants while an abundance of positive
ionization seems to be detrimental. Human activities tend to decrease the amount of negative ionization
in the atmosphere. The problem is only greater when examined in the context of the indoor
environment, especially if one considers how much time the average city-dweller spends breathing
indoor air. Technology designed to generate negative air ions can appropriately address many issues
related to indoor air quality, provided that such technology already exists; although up to the present
time it has been employed only in one primary application. With a wider dissemination of this
information, perhaps a wider range of indoor environments will realize benefits from this technology.

REFERENCES

1-[Link]

2- [Link]

3- [Link]
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