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Qualitative Analysis of Cations: Insoluble Chlorides

This document outlines the qualitative analysis of cations through a series of precipitation reactions. The cations are separated into 5 groups based on their precipitation behavior when acids, bases, or gases are added. Group 1 cations form insoluble chlorides when HCl is added. Group 2 cations form insoluble sulfides when H2S is added. Group 3 cations form insoluble sulfides or hydroxides when NaOH or NH3 is added. Group 4 cations form insoluble carbonates or phosphates when Na2CO3 or (NH4)2HPO4 is added. Group 5 cations remain soluble throughout and are identified via flame testing.

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kemhar jaminul
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516 views1 page

Qualitative Analysis of Cations: Insoluble Chlorides

This document outlines the qualitative analysis of cations through a series of precipitation reactions. The cations are separated into 5 groups based on their precipitation behavior when acids, bases, or gases are added. Group 1 cations form insoluble chlorides when HCl is added. Group 2 cations form insoluble sulfides when H2S is added. Group 3 cations form insoluble sulfides or hydroxides when NaOH or NH3 is added. Group 4 cations form insoluble carbonates or phosphates when Na2CO3 or (NH4)2HPO4 is added. Group 5 cations remain soluble throughout and are identified via flame testing.

Uploaded by

kemhar jaminul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Qualitative

Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, As3+, Bi3+, Cd2+, Cu2+,


Hg2+, Sb3+, Sn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Analysis
Zn2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mg2+, Ca 2+, Sr2+, Ba2+,
Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+ of
Add Precipitate group 1 cations
Cations
HCl(aq)
AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl2
Insoluble chlorides

As3+, Bi3+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Sb3+, Separate solutions from precipitate
Sn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+,
Al3+, Cr3+, Mg2+, Ca 2+, Sr2+, Ba2+,
Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+

Add H2S(g) Precipitate group 2 cations


As2S3, Bi2S3, CdS, CuS, HgS, Sb2S3,SnS
Acid-insoluble sulfides

Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Separate solutions from precipitate
Cr3+, Mg2+, Ca 2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Li+,
Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+

Add NaOH(aq) or
NH3(g) or add Precipitate group 3 cations
(NH4)2S(aq) CoS, FeS, MnS, NiS, ZnS, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3
Base-insoluble sulfides and peroxides

Separate solutions from precipitate


Mg2+, Ca 2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Li+, Na+, K+,
Rb+, Cs+, NH4+

Add Na2CO3(aq) or
(NH4)2HPO4(aq) Precipitate group 4 cations
MgCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3
Insoluble carbonates (for phosphates)

Separate solutions from precipitate


Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+

Group V cations do not have Flame


common precipitating agents testing is
therefore ions do not precipitate used to Legend:
under this group, they remain identify
soluble throughout the whole this group Green – Group 1 Cations
time Teal – Group 2 Cations
Yellow – Group 3 Cations
Pink – Group 4 Cations
Gray – Group 5 Cations

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