GAS AND ELECTRICAL WELDING (NUETRAL FLAME AND SMAW)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Welding was used in the construction of some of the first aircraft that was successfully
manufactured for commercial use. The industry developed new techniques to work with
lighter metals, such as titanium, aluminium, and magnesium. Today, several different
welding processes are employed. Oxyacetylene are processes that use acetylene and oxygen
to weld or cut metals. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc
welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc welding or informally as stick welding, is a
manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered with a flux to lay the
weld.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
1. To ensuring that student gain enough knowledge to handle welding.
2. Identify and use the safety practices that should be observed when welding with
oxyacetylene gas and electrical welding.
3.0 PROCEDURES
OXYACETYLENE
1. All safety precaution have been followed for welding.
2. Open the acetylene valve about 1/6 turn.
3. Ignite flame with striker.
4. Increase acetylene gas pressure until flame leaves end of tip and no smoke is present.
5. Decrease the acetylene gas pressure until flame goes back to tip.
6. Open oxygen valve and adjust to neutral flame (until bluish white, bright inner
cone surrounded by outer flame (envelope).
7. Depress oxygen lever and make necessary adjustments.
8. Weld the metal. Then, cut the metal.
9. Shut off the torch fuel valve first, which immediately extinguishes the flame
10. Shut off the torch oxygen valve
11. Close the acetylene cylinder valve
12. Close the oxygen cylinder valve
13. Bleed the acetylene line by opening the torch acetylene valve until the pressure reads
zero on both the high and low pressure gauges
14. Turn the acetylene pressure regulating screw counter – clockwise all the way out.
15. Close the torch acetylene valve
16. Bleed the oxygen line by opening the torch oxygen valve until the pressure reads zero
on both the high and low pressure gauges
17. Turn the oxygen pressure regulating screw counter – clockwise all the way out
18. Close the torch oxygen valve
SMAW
1. Ensure you are in a well-ventilated area before beginning welding and wearing
proper protective equipments.
2. Ensure that the welding equipment is properly installed, plugged in and the ground is
connected to the piece of metal on which you work.
3. Turn on the SMAW welding machine, and get your helmet down.
4. Strike an arc by rubbing the rod rapidly against the piece of metal you are attempting
to weld.
5. Try to keep a distance of about 1/16 "between the end of the rod and the piece of
metal you are welding after you have brushing the rod across the metal.
6. With the arc struck, the rod should be held pointing directly away from you and in
line with the intended weld. The rod should be held at a 45 degree vertical angle with
the metal being welded.
7. Start welding by drawing the rod in zig-zag or semi-circular motion towards you.
8. The correct angle and the distance of 1/16 "between the rod and the metal should be
maintained during the entire welding process.
9. ensure you turned the power off on the SMAW arc welder. Then use the slag hammer
to strike the bead you just made.
10. Use the wire brush to clean the remaining slag from the bead.
11. Gripping the metal with pliers, dunk it into the bucket of water to cool the metal.
12. After removing from the water, wipe the metal dry clean with the wire brush again if
needed.
13. Finally examine your weld.
4.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Wear personal protective equipment.
2. Fasten cylinders securely.
3. Never use oil on welding equipment.
4. Open cylinder valves correctly.
5. Keep the tip pointed away from your body.
6. Wear face protection before gas and electrical welding process.
7. Ensure the workspace is well ventilated.
8. Ensure your workspace is free of flammable material.
5.0 RESULTS
6.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, welding is used to make the metal permanently joined by melting the
metal and the electrode. When the melt is cooled it will mix two metals, there are problems
happen on the arc welding process is the weld not to strong caused by the welds to tiny. To
get the best outcome of this arc welding process, students must know the angle used, the
pressure, and the electrode movement and the electrode movement speed. Therefore, the
objective has been achieved ensuring safety and knowledge applied among students.
