Science Faculty /Chemistry

Chapter 11: Stoichiometry / Sections 1 Study / Work sheet)

Name______________________ Date_________________Grade 10/_________________

Section 1: Defining Stoichiometry

Main idea: The amount of each reactant present at the start of a chemical reaction
determines how much product can form.
New vocabulary:
Q1) Use Wikipedia to define stoichiometry

stɔɪkiˈɒmɪtri/ is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical

stoichiometr reactions.
y

The law of states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
conservation Mass reactants = Mass products
of mass
mole ratio a ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances in a
balanced chemical equation

Particle and Mole Relationships: Explain the importance of the law of conservation of mass
in chemical reactions.

The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither

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created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Chemical bonds in

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reactants break and new chemical bonds form to produce

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products, but the amount of matter present at the end of the

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reaction is the same as it was at the beginning of the reaction.
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Real-world connection: Explain how stoichiometry is important to air bags and your safety?
2NaN3 (s) 3N2 (g) + 2Na (s), 10Na +2 KNO3 K2O +5Na2O+ N2, K2O +Na2O+SiO2 Na2K2SiO4

The expansion of an air bag depends on a series of chemical reactions involving heat,
sodium azide, and potassium nitrate. If the chemical reactions are not precisely measured
through stoichiometric calculations, the air bag may not inflate, or the inflated air bag may
be so hard that it can cause harm. This applies to pharmaceutical industry, detergents and
any petrochemical industries in the UAE.

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Interpreting Chemical Equations

Task1: Interpret the following balanced chemical equation in terms of particle, mole, and
mass. Show that the law of conservation of mass is observed.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Number of
Number
Molar Mass of Moles
Substance (g/mol) particles (mol) ____ mol x molar mass= Mass (g)
1 1 mol N2
molecule
N2 2 x (14.01) = 1 mol N2 x 28.02 g/mol= 28.02 g
N2
28.02 g/mol
3 3 mol H2
molecules
H2 2 x (1.01) = 2.02 3 mol H2 x 2.02 g/mol= 6.06 g
H2
g/mol
2 2 mol CO2
molecules
1 x (14.01) + 3 x NH3 2 mol NH3 x 17.04 g/mol= 34.08 g
NH3
(1.01)= 17.04
g/mol

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Reactants Products

Mass reactants = Mass products

28.02 g N2 + 6.06 g H2 = 34.08 g NH3

34.08 reactants = 34.08 products

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Task2: Balance the following equation, then interpret it in terms of particle, mole, and mass.
Show that the law of conservation of mass is observed.

ZnO(s) + 2HCL(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Number Number of
of Moles ____ mol x molar mass=
Substance Molar Mass (g/mol) particles (mol) Mass (g)
1 formula 1 mol ZnO
unit ZnO
ZnO 1 x (65.39) + 1 x (16.00)= 1 mol ZnO x 81.39 g/mol=
81.39 g/mol 81.39 g
2 2 mol HCl
molecules
HCL 1 x (1.01) + 1 x (35.45)= HCl 2 mol HCl x 36.46 g/mol=
36.46 g/mol 72.92 g
1 formula 1 mol ZnCl2
unit ZnCl2
ZnCl2 1 x (65.39) + 2 x (35.45)= 1mol ZnCl2 x 136.29g/mol=
136.29 g/mol 136.29 g
1 1 mol H2O
molecules
H2O 2 x (1.01) + 1x (16.00)= H2O 1 mol H2O x 18.02 g/mol=
18.02 g/mol 18.02 g

ZnO(s) + 2HCL(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Reactants Products

Mass reactants = Mass products

81.39 g ZnO + 72.92 g HCl = 136.29 g ZnCl2+ 18.02 g H2O

154.31 reactants = 154.31 products

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Task3: For the decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) to obtain potassium chloride
and oxygen. Complete and balance the chemical equation for this reaction, then interpret it
in terms of particle, mole, and mass. Show that the law of conservation of mass is observed.

2 KClO3 (S) 2 KCl (S)+ 3O2 (g)

Number
Number of
of Moles ____ mol x molar
Substance Molar Mass (g/mol) particles (mol) mass= Mass (g)
2 formula 2 mol
units KClO3
KClO3 1x(39.1)+1x(35.45)+3x(16)=122.55 KClO3 2mol KClO3 x122.55
g/mol g/mol=245.1g
2 formula 2 mol
units KCl KCl
KCl 1 x (39.1) + 1 x (35.45)= 74.55 2 mol ZnO x 74.55
g/mol g/mol= 149.1 g
3 3 mol O2
molecules
O2 2 x (16) = 32 g/mol O2 3 mol ZnO x 32g/mol=
96 g

2 KClO3 (S) 2 KCl (S)+ 3O2 (g)

Reactants Products
Mass reactants = Mass products

245.1g = 245.1g

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 a) Answer in your copybook questions 1, and 2 page 371 e-book.
1.
a. 34.062 g reactants = 34.062 g products.
b. 92.566 g reactants = 92.566 g products.
c. 80.608 g reactants = 80.608 g products.

2.
a. 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) +1 H2(g)
82.01 g reactants = 82.01 g products.
b. 4 Zn(s) + 10 HNO3(aq) 4 Zn (NO3 )2(aq) +1 N2O(g) + 5H2O(l)
891.68 g reactants = 891.68 g products.

Mole ratios
Q3) Fill in the blanks here, please.
Relationships between coefficients can be used to write conversion factors called
Mole Ratios.
Example: Given the equation 4P(s) + 5O2 P4O10(s)
Each substance forms a Mole Ratios with the other substances in the reaction.
Determining Mole Ratios

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Q4) Do the following tasks one by one?
Task1:
Determine the mole ratios for each of the following balanced chemical
equations.
2C(s)  O2(g) → 2CO(g)

1 1 mol O2/2 2 mol CO/2

mol C mol C
2 mol C/1 1 2 mol CO/1
mol O2 mol O2
2 mol C/2 1 mol O2/2 1
mol CO mol CO

Task2:
Balance the following equation, then Determine the possible mole ratios.
WO3(s) + 3H2(g) → W(s) + 3H2O(g)

1 3 mol H2/1 mol WO3 1 mol W/1 mol 3 mol H2O/1 mol
WO3 WO3

1 mol WO3/3 mol H2 1 1 mol W/3 mol H2 3 mol H2O/3 mol H2

1 mol WO3/1 mol W 3 mol H2/1 mol W 1 3 mol H2O/1 mol W

1 mol WO3/3 mol 3 mol H2/3 mol H2O 1 mol W/3 mol 1
H2O H2O

Task3: For the reaction between iridium chloride and sodium hydroxide to
produce iridium oxide, hydrochloric acid, and sodium chloride. Complete and

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balance the chemical equation for this reaction, then Determine the possible
mole ratios. 2IrCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Ir2O3(s) + 3HCl(aq) + 3NaCl(aq)

1 3 mol NaOH/2 1 mol Ir2O3/2 3 mol HCl/2 mol 3 mol NaCl/2

mol IrCl3 mol IrCl3 IrCl3 mol IrCl3
2 mol IrCl3/3 1 1 mol Ir2O3/3 3 mol HCl/3 mol 3 mol NaCl/3
mol NaOH mol NaOH NaOH mol NaOH
2 mol IrCl3/1 3 mol NaOH/1 1 3 mol HCl/1 mol 3 mol NaCl/1
mol Ir2O3 mol Ir2O3 Ir2O3 mol Ir2O3
2 mol IrCl3/3 3 mol NaOH/3 1 mol Ir2O3/3 1 3 mol NaCl/3
mol HCl mol HCl mol HCl mol HCl
2 mol IrCl3/3 3 mol NaOH/3 1 mol Ir2O3/3 3 mol HCl/3 mol 1
mol NaCl mol NaCl mol NaCl NaCl
Challenge: Write a formula to determine the number of mole ratios that can be written for
any equation? (n)(n-1) where n is the number of species in the chemical reaction.
b) Answer in your copybook questions 3, and 4 page 372 e-book.
3. a.

b.

c.

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 1

4.

a. ZnO(s) + 2HCL(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

b. 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

c) Answer in your copybook questions 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 page 371 e-book.

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5. The coefficients indicate the mole relationship between each pair of reactants and products.

The mass of reactants and products are equal.

6.

(3) (2) = 6

[Link] (atoms, molecules, formula units), moles, and mass.

8. xA /yB and xA /zAB, yB / xA and yB /zAB, zAB / xA and zAB / Yb

9.

2 H2O2 2 H 2O + O2

10.

2 H2O + O2 2 H2O

Students sketches should show six hydrogen molecules reacting with three oxygen molecules to
form six water molecules.