RESEARCH REPORT

CASE STUDIES

SUBMITTED BY :- SUBMITTED TO :-
PULKIT SAINI AR. PARVEZ JAMEEL
 TYPES OF AUTOMATED PARKING, FATA AUTOMATION

AVG Systems
Automated Guided Vehicle known as AGV technology has been introduced in automated parking
system most recently though AGVs has been used in automated warehousing for decades. The
vehicles are parked on pallets in the parking space which are collected from the parking entrance by
the AGVs driving beneath the vehicle pallet, lifting it and then parking it in the parking space. The
number of AVGs in the system is flexible and can be based around the client’s requirements.
Generally AVG systems operate on solid finished concrete floors that can move in both lengthways
and sideways directions along fixed paths and are able to rotate on the spot. This allows the vehicle
pallets to be collected by an AGV from any direction and with several AGVs operating on a floor. It
also allows for multiple, simultaneous parking and retrieval movements along multiple paths. To
move the vehicle pallets with or without an AGV, vehicle elevators are used within the system.

Crane Systems

This system is used utilizing a single mechanism that is to simultaneously perform the horizontal and
vertical movements of the vehicle to be parked or retrieved in the parking system. This mechanism
allows the vehicle platform to move to and from one parking spot to another very quickly. The crane
mechanism has a vertical elevator platform fitted and it moves horizontally on rails, typically located
on the floor and ceiling of the parking system, where vehicles to be parked and retrieved are placed,
which means that a floor-to-ceiling opening in the center of the system is required for the crane for
the crane(s) to operate.
Puzzle Systems

 Puzzle systems offer the densest form of automated parking as it utilizes around 95% of the
floor area and often used in smaller systems. A grid of pallets covers a solid floor or steel
frame, and each pallet is supported by a set of rollers and belts that are driven by motors
fitted to the support frames underneath each pallet location in a horizontal puzzle system.
Until the pallet with the required vehicle on is maneuvered to the desired location, the
rollers and belts maneuver the pallets. The frames, supported by the pallets are installed in
all possible parking positions. Typically there are two fewer pallets than support frames per
floor that provides the necessary free spaces to maneuver the pallets.
RGC Systems

 Rail Guided Cart known as RGC technology operate in a similar ways to AGVs except the
RGCs are less complex and more robust than AGVs and therefore more cost effective and
more reliable. The RGCs park the vehicles on pallets in the parking modules which are
collected from the parking modules by driving beneath the vehicle pallet, lifting it then
moving it out of the parking module into the system. The number of RGCs in the system is
flexible and can be based around the client’s requirements.

 Generally RGC systems operate on solid concrete floors and can move in both lengthways
and sideways directions along small guided rails fitted to the floor. Elevators are used within
the system to move the vehicle pallets with or without an RGC
Shuttle Systems

 The shuttle systems utilize autonomous shuttles and elevators to park and retrieve vehicles.
The number of shuttles in the system is flexible and is based around the client’s
requirements. The shuttle moves horizontally to a designated location in a shuttle lane,
which is either a set of rails in a steel or concrete structure or recess in a solid floor. A vehicle
is parked or retrieved at the designated location by a robot, or parallel exchanger or
conveyor belts, located on the shuttle by moving the vehicle from or to the shuttle and the
parking space. Generally there is a single row vehicle either side of the shuttle lane but if
needed more rows of vehicles can be added. The retrieval process of vehicle for the second
row and onwards is slower than for the first row of the robot has longer distance to travel to
retrieve the vehicle and there may be a vehicle parked in the front of the vehicle to be
retrieved, which has to be removed before the vehicle in the second row can be retrieved.
When a vehicle is required to be moved from one level of the system to another there are
two options for achieving this, one option is with vehicle elevators and the other one is with
shuttle elevators.

Silo Systems

 The silo systems are cylindrical systems with a single, centrally positioned mechanism used
to park and retrieve vehicles. The central mechanism allows the vehicle platform to move to
and from one parking spot to another very quickly by moving vertically and rotating
simultaneously. Typically they are installed underground and are most suitable where soil
conditions are particularly unfavorable.

 It can also be installed above ground. In silo systems typically only one vehicle can be parked
or retrieved at one time. System redundancy can be issue as issue as there is only one
mechanism for parking and retrieving vehicles.
Tower Systems

 This system is typically consists of a vehicle elevator with a parking space either side of the
elevator shaft. To complete a parking tower, this configuration is repeated over a number of
levels. The vehicle elevator simply rises to one of the parking levels of the tower and
deposits the vehicles sideways into a parking space. A vehicle is retrieved in a same way.
System redundancy is an issue with tower system as there is single mechanism to park and
retrieve vehicles.
 COST ANALYSIS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AUTOMATED AND TRADITIONAL PARKING

Taking a car to Lajpat Nagar Market is a nightmare because of the parking chaos there. There’s good
news, however. Measures like automated parking, telescopic parking pricing, mobile phone
application showing the on-ground situation and smart parking solutions will be initiated this month,
and in phases till December, the ‘parking area management plan’ proposed by the South Delhi
Municipal Corporation could ensure for a better experience for shoppers.
With the number of cars increasing PUZZLE PARKING solved a lot of problems for Lajpat nagar, at a
better cost, and with the use of much smaller space , construction time much less than a
conventional parking spot.

BENEFITS TO SITE DUE TO PUZZLE PARKING :-

• TRAFFIC

• COST

• TIME

• FUEL
 • SPACE

• MORE CAR PARKING

• CONSTRUCTION TIME

Wellington Smart Parking technology, NEW ZEALAND

Wellington CBD is at the centre of the New Zealand and a popular tourist destination which
encompasses parliament buildings, sandy beaches and a working harbour. A fair, efficient parking
management system is an essential component of making a visit to Wellington enjoyable for visitors,
fair to residents and profitable to local businesses.

Up until August 2016 drivers in the Capital have been paying for their parking sessions through
nearby parking meters, returning to their car to display a ticket and then ensuring they are back in
time before the ticket runs out, a sometimes stressful and annoying task.
 SENSORS BEING INSTALLED

 Following a successful trial in early 2015, August 2016 saw Wellington City Council go live
with Smart Parking’s SmartPark solution, and parking payment app PayMyPark.

 The deployment includes a network of over 3,800 RFID equipped in-ground vehicle detection
sensors which register whether each parking bay is occupied or vacant.

 The information is fed instantaneously to the PayMyPark app, a simple to use app which
provides drivers with real-time parking availability, guides them to free spaces and allows
them to pay for the parking session straight from their smartphone device and extend their
time remotely.

 Data is then relayed live to SmartRep, Smart Parking’s powerful cloud-based software tool,
which collates and analyses the data and will be used by the Council to understand how
drivers use it's parking spaces - a vital resource in planning further improvements to
Wellington’s parking systems.
The data is collected by the sensor, which
Processing
The central server receives all the data The software processes the data and makes
provides real-time information about detected into the input phase through a radio them available on the users terminals for
the parking status  free/occupied,  about communication network and it the use and the consultation according to their
the Parking meter and the Mobile APP which guarantees total security in the data storage competences as administrators, managers,
send data related to the payment or the activities. Indeed users’ information are not police or users
parking authorizing title. traceable at all.

INPUT Output

 Smart Parking is a parking strategy that combines technology and human innovation in an
effort to use as few resources as possible—such as fuel, time and space—to achieve faster,
easier and denser parking of vehicles for the majority of time they remain idle.
  By providing real-time parking availability functionality motorists now have a much better
chance of finding an available and suitable parking space quickly and easily, reducing the
amount of time spent idling / circling; increasing occupancy.

 The introduction of PayBySpace technology means drivers just pay for the time they need
and it’s done. No need to return to their vehicle to display a receipt. Not only does this
improve the driver experience but it also indirectly helps local businesses by improving
access to the CBD.

 Real-time and historic data from SmartRep gives Wellington City Council the accurate
information they need to access and implement more convenient ways to park in the
Capital.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Tata consultancy services

https://www.tcs.com/content/dam/tcs/pdf/discover-tcs/Research-and-Innovation/driving-parking-
4-0-the-next-gen-parking-management-system.pdf

2) Parking Going Green -Reducing Parking's Carbon Footprint case study

Author-Dennis Burns, CAPP

http://www.ccdcboise.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Document-P1-Parking-Going-Green.pdf

3) Different types of automated parking system

Courtesy- Fata automation

https://fatainc.com/

4) Parking and the city

Author- Donald Shoup

5) The high cost of free parking

Author- Donald Shoup