PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT

City of Manila Government

Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT FACT SHEET

Table ES-1. Project Fact Sheet
Name of Project HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
Location Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
Project Category per EMB
Category A: Environmentally Critical Project (ECP)
Memorandum Circular 2014-005
Project Classification per EMB
3.3 Reclamation and other land restoration project
Memorandum Circular 2014-005
Horizontal development only
Scope of Project (Note: Separate ECCs will be applied for the vertical development and source of
reclamation materials)
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Philippine Reclamation
Authority over the project area
Authority (PRA) and City Government of Manila dated 02 June 2017
Project size 419 hectares reclamation area
Project cost Php 60 Billion
 Island 1 (140 has)
 Island 2 (140 has)
 Island 3 (139 has)
 Containment Structures
 Drainage System
 Internal Roads
Project Components  Internal Bridges connecting the Islands
 Electrical Distribution
 Water Distribution
 Wave Deflector
 Pollution Control Devices
 Support Facilities
 Viaduct
CITY OF MANILA GOVERNMENT

Office of the Mayor

Padre Burgos Ave, Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila
Project Proponent Telephone No.: (02) 527-0907

Authorized Representative:
Secretary Edward Serapio
Office of the Mayor
TECHNOTRIX CONSULTANCY SERVICES, INC.

Unit 305 FMSG Building, Balete Dr. QC 1101

Telephone No.: (02) 416-4625
Cellular No.: 09178255203
EIA Preparer/Consultant
E-mail address: [email protected]

Contact Person:

Edgardo G. Alabastro, Ph.D.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 1

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

PROCESS DOCUMENTATION
 DOCUMENTATION OF THE EIS

The screening per EMB Memorandum Circular 2014-005 showed that the proposed project falls
under “Category A: Environmentally Critical Project (ECP)” and classified as “3.3 Reclamation and
other land restoration project”.

The content of the EIS report was established during the conduct of Technical Scoping on 17 July
2017. (See Annex 1). As prescribed by the EMB/DENR under the Revised Procedural Manual (RPM)
protocol, the appropriate type of documentation for this project is the Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) considering that the project is a “new single project”. A Programmatic Environmental Impact
Statement (PEISS) is not applicable because there is only a single activity involved which is creation
of land; the various activities of the locators to be undertaken in the reclaimed land are not included in
the application for an ECC. These activities will be included in the “Operations Phase” and will be
covered separately by the applicable provisions of the PEISS.

The project does not fall into the “Programmatic Type” Type of EIS Documentation.

 EIS AS A PLANNING TOOL AND NOT A PERMIT

The Proposed Reclamation Project has been prepared in compliance with the basic principle of the
Philippine EIS System (PEISS), i.e. that an EIA/ECC is a planning tool and not a permit.

Moreover, the details of a project are established post-ECC, as stipulated in page 10 of the Revised
Procedural Manual, quoted verbatim below:

iii) During the project’s Detailed Engineering Design (DED) stage, which is post-ECC, the
generic measures identified during the EIA study at the FS stage will now be detailed based on
the project facility design and operational specifications. Additional baseline monitoring may
also be required prior to construction or implementation of the project to provide a more
substantive basis for defining the environmental management and monitoring plans.

 The Public Scoping Process as stipulated in DAO 2017-15

This DAO was to be effective fifteen (15) days from June 06, 2017 while the process for the Public
Scoping was undertaken before the effectivity of this regulation. Nevertheless, the applicable aspects
of the said DAO were complied with, such as:

9.1 Stakeholders in the community were considered as the key informants in baseline data
gathering for the proposed project. The specific involvement of includes

 Participation in rapid appraisals for the identification of the affected communities, for the
general rating of the level of development in terms of economic, status of each population
categories (farmers, fisherfolks, laborers, etc.) for assessing the affected population’s
need or demand for the project, to assess absorptive capacity and in the conduct of
perception survey.

 As source of information on the biophysical environment and could provide environmental

indicators for the assessment of changes/trends in their own environment (ex.
Occurrence of flooding, reduced river flows, decline in fishery production, etc.,), presence
of disappearance of wild animals or birds and other ethnobiological information.

 Participation in community validation meetings or workshops to check the accuracy of the

results obtained from the survey and to gather additional issues and concerns.

9.2 Participatory methods such as consultations, focused group discussions, group meetings
among others may be used. The participation of identified stakeholders shall be the
priority but shall also be open to relevant concerns from the general public.
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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

9.3 Information gathered from the public including stakeholder inputs in the assessment of
project alternatives shall be properly documented and shall be integrated into the
appropriate modules of the EIS.

11.3 The identified stakeholders shall be invited to be actively involved in review through the
following:
 Participating in the public hearing/s
 Providing relevant written comments that the EIARC should consider in the review of
the EIA Report through online feedback or submitting hard copy to the EMB within the
set timeframe.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) TEAM

The composition of the EIA Team with compliance with EMB MC 2011-005 is shown in Table ES-2.
Resource Persons/Expert Companies were also engaged and are also listed hereunder.

Table ES-2. The EIA Preparer Team

Team Member Module Registration No.
EIA Preparer
1. Edgardo G. Alabastro, Ph.D. Team Leader IPCO-257
2. Nadia P. Conde Project Coordinator IPCO-102
Marine and Fresh Water Ecology
3. Benjamin Francisco IPCO-038
(Team Leader)
4. Susan Cruz Sociology IPCO-253
5. Maria. Catherine R\tos Technical Assistant IPCO-037
6. Angelie Faye Nicolas Research IPCO-259
7. Kathlene Andrea Efe Research IPCO-258

Resource Persons:

1. Virgilio Pantaleon Marine Ecology

2. Engr. Jeramee Dimapilis Hydrodynamics/Modeling
3. Gary Benico Marine Ecology
4. Jose Rene Villegas Marine Ecology
5. Ernie Fontamillas Marine Ecology
6. Michael Francisco Fisheries/Water Quality
7. Nazario Sabello Air Quality/Dispersion Modeling
8. Jean Ravelo Geology
9. Dr. Salvador Reyes Geotechnical

Proponent’s External Expertises

10. AMH Philippines,Inc. - Oceanography, Hydrology and

Geotechnical.
11. Manuel L. Berenia, Jr. - Reclamation Technology /Traffic
Management
12. Arch Armand Alli - Master Planning/Traffic Management
13. FDC Engineering (Eng’r Ric Yuson) - Traffic Management

As may be gleaned above, several individual expertise and engineering companies were consulted
regarding traffic management. Moreover, consultations were also made with the MMDA through
Traffic Engineering Center headed by Noemi Recio.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 3

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

EIA STUDY SCHEDULE

The following are the activities that were conducted for this study:

Table ES-3. The EIA Study Schedule

STUDY SCHEDULE
ACTIVITY DATE
 Secondary Data Researches March to August 2017
 Discussions with Reclamation Experts of Impacts and
April 2017
Methodology (Summit on Reclamation)
 Secondary Baseline data for Air March 2017
 Primary Baseline Data for Noise April 2017
 Baseline data for Water April 2017
 Marine Study April 2017
 Bathymetric Survey April 2017
 Ocular Survey for Migratory Birds June 2017
 Geotechnical Survey August to October 2017
SOCIAL PREPARATION UNDERTAKEN
ACTIVITY DATE
Preliminary Key Informant Interview, Preliminary Pre IEC and Perception Survey
(Public Participation Documentation provided in Annex 2)
 Supplemental Pre-Scoping and Information, Education And
17-May-2017; 9am
Communication (IEC) with Barangay Officials of Barangay 701
 Supplemental Pre-Scoping and Information, Education And
17-May- 2017; 2pm
Communication (IEC) with Barangay Officials of Barangay 719
 Courtesy Call with the Manila Barangay Bureau -Mr. Arsenio
15-May-2017, 9am
Lacson Jr., Head of Manila Barangay Bureau
 Supplemental Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pre-Scoping
15-May-2017, 10am
IEC with Barangay Officials and resident of Barangay 719
 Supplemental Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pre-Scoping
15-May-2017, 3pm
IEC with Barangay Officials and resident of Barangay 701
 Supplemental Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pre-Scoping
15-May-2017, 1pm
IEC with Barangay Chairman Felibus C. Papa Jr.
 Initial survey with the community along Roxas Boulevard fronting 15-May-2017
the project site (See Public Participation on page ES-8)
 Initial survey with the establishments near the proposed project 17-May-2017
site (See Public Participation on page ES-8)
17-May-2017
 Initial survey with the taxi drivers in Roxas Blvd.
(See Public Participation on page ES-8)
 Initial perception survey along Roxas Boulevard fronting the 31-March-2017
project site (See Public Participation on page ES-8)
 Public Scoping 23-June- 2017 (See Annex 2a)
17-July-2017
 Technical Scoping (Technical Scoping Checklist provided in
Annex 1)
 First Procedural Screening 25 September 2017
 Perception Survey
-Barangay 701
-Barangay 720 27-30 June 2017
-Barangay 719
-Barangay 721

EIA STUDY AREA

The EIA study area includes the coastal areas of the City of Manila and Manila Bay in the project site,
and its vicinities. The study areas in general are the primary and secondary impact areas. The

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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
primary impact areas of the project are the adjacent barangays, including reclamation areas and
establishments along Roxas Boulevard.

For the Land Module, area coverage include Manila Bay, the coastal lowlands in Manila and adjacent
cities, regional geologic structures and lithology, and nearest rivers/waterways. For Marine Water
Biology, the study area encompasses a stretch of coastal waters more than 6 kilometers long from the
coastline reference point to the farthest corners and areas adjacent to the proposed project site. For
the People Module, surveys covered the 4 nearby barangays namely (1) Brgy. 701 (2) Brgy. 719 (3)
Brgy. 720 and (4) Brgy. 721.

San Nicholas Shoal (SNS) as a study area

On the other hand, the quarrying in San Nicholas Shoal for the fill materials needed by the Project is
covered by an EIS Report and an ECC application by the Philippine Reclamation Authority (PRA).
The environmental concerns and mitigation and legal responsibilities therefore fall on the PRA. When
the reclamation contractor undertakes dredging at the SNS, it will have to observe the rules of PRA in
respect of environmental concerns. As one requirement to secure permit from the PRA the Contractor
will need to submit an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Plan (EPEP) approved by the
MGB.

EIA METHODOLOGIES
The following methodologies were considered in establishing the baseline information of the areas
that will be impacted by this project:

Table ES-4. EIA Methodologies

Resource Methodology
LAND
Secondary data: The CLUP. Assessment of compatibility of the proposed
project in the land use classification, Manila Bay Coastal Strategy, Boulevard
2000 Plan, Consistency with the PRA Implementing Rules and Regulations,
 Land Use Classification Relation to the PRA Master Plan for Manila Bay,

Secondary data: Relevance of the Continuing Supreme Court Mandamus on

Manila Bay
Secondary data: Geologic, seismic, liquefaction, slope hazard maps and
evaluation based on government data and maps.
 Geology
Primary data: Borehole drilling with Geotechnical and Coastal Engineering
studies (also used in Pedology)
Primary data: Geotechnical Investigation
Standard Methods for Sediments Sampling
Parameters Considered
 Pedology  Cadmium
 Lead
 Mercury
 Cr + 6
WATER
Assessment of project impact on changes in drainage morphology/local
 Hydrology / Hydrogeology
drainage resulting effects of flooding pattern on the project
Primary data: Standard Methods for Water Quality Sampling and Monitoring.

Water Body Classification: DENR Class SB

Parameters Considered
 Marine Water Quality
 Arsenic
 Mercury
 Cadmium
 Lead

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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
Resource Methodology
 pH
 Dissolved Oxygen
 Total Suspended Solids
 Oil & Grease
 Chloride
 Hexavalent Chromium
 Fecal coliform
 Nitrate
 Phosphate
Primary data: Numerical Modeling for assessment of impacts
 Oceanography
Bathymetric map; Predicted tides; 24-hour tidal cycles; Surface current system
Primary data: Delineation of Fresh water bodies and if in impact areas,
assessment of project impact in terms of threats to existence/and or loss
 Freshwater Ecology
species, abundance frequency and distribution species and overall impact to
freshwater ecology.
Primary data: Transect, manta tow and spot dives surveys, marine resource
characterization (e.g. city/municipal and commercial fisheries data), Key
informant interview.
 Marine
Primary data: Survey focused on the impact areas. Updated survey of
significant fish population at the DIA.
AIR
Primary data: Ambient air quality sampling and testing being undertaken by
CRL Corporation

Secondary data: Standard Methods for Ambient Air Quality Sampling and
Monitoring

DENR Classification Ambient Air and Noise Classification: Class B –

 Ambient Air Commercial Area

Parameters Considered
 TSP
 PM10
 SO2
 NOx
 Ambient Noise level
 Noise Primary data: Noise Meter
PEOPLE
Primary data: Conduct of Public Perception Survey, Public Scoping
 Demographic Profile / Baseline
Secondary data: 2005-2020 Manila Comprehensive Land Use and Zoning
(MCUPZO). Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population (2015).
ERA
 Physical and Natural Environment Annex 2_7.e of the Revised Procedural Manual

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
1. Pre-Information Education Communication (PRE-IEC) Activity

 PRE-IEC AND FGD WITH THE OFFICIALS OF BARANGAY 701 AND 719

Pre-IEC activities were conducted with the Officials of Barangay 701 and 719, which were identified
as the primary impact barangays during that time. In general, the Barangay Officials are in support
with the Proposed Reclamation Project. They perceived that their barangays will be benefited by the
livelihood and employment opportunities that will be generated by the proposed project. Moreover, the

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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
barangay officials appreciated the IEC as the chance to raise issues and feedback. The presentation
gave background and understanding on the proposed project as well as the potential impacts that
could arise. Provided below are the top key issues raised during Pre-IEC and FGD conducted.

Top Key Issues and Concerns raised during Pre-IEC and FGD conducted:

o When to conduct Public Scoping

o Project Details: Exact location of the proposed project
o Economic: Positive impacts in the barangay

 INITIAL SURVEY WITH THE COMMUNITY ALONG ROXAS BOULEVARD FRONTING THE
PROJECT SITE, ESTABLISHMENTS NEAR THE PROJECT SITE AND TAXI DRIVERS

The results of the initial surveys covering the community along Roxas Boulevard/fronting project site,
establishments near the project site and taxi drivers are presented in Annex 2.0B. The said surveys
were conducted as part of the Pre-Information, Education and Communication (Pre-IEC).

Most of the respondents were taxi drivers, vendors and policemen. Traffic congestion during peak
hours was mentioned as a concern. There is inadequate knowledge of the project, which is
understandable because the Pre-IEC is intended at “information and education” and was undertaken
prior and a prerequisite to Public Scoping.

Thus, it is perceived that Continuing IEC activities throughout the proposed project will be undertaken.
Moreover, a Public Hearing will be conducted were they will also be invited.

2. Public Scoping Activity

The Public Scoping conducted on 16 June 2017 was attended by participants from different sectors.
The concerned stakeholders, especially those known to have opposing views on reclamation projects,
as well as those located in the Impact Areas were invited to participate. Among those invited were
LGU Officials, Government Offices, Non-Government Organizations (NGO) / People’s Organization
(PO), and others. Out of the 76 stakeholders invited, 53.94% of the invitees were able to attend the
said event while 46.05% did not attend. On the other hand, there were also participants that are not
included in the official list of invitees but attended the said scoping. Summary of Participants during
the Public Scoping provided in Annex 2.0A.

It is noted that sufficient lead time was provided the invitees. For whatever the individual reasons
maybe for their inability to attend, the stakeholders continued to be consulted to date for their
concerns, if any. Letters of No Objection (LONO) have in fact been secured from certain agencies as
shown below.

a. The Bureau of Fisheries, whose mandate includes the protection of the marine
ecology, provided the attached letter (provided in Annex 3.0) after individual
consultation.
b. The DPWH, whose mandate includes flood controls, provided the letter shown in
Annex 3.0.
c. The DOT, another key stakeholder to reclamation projects, also sent the LONO
provided in Annex 3.0.
d. The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA), whose mandate includes the management of
navigational lanes, conducted a Public Hearing on reclamation projects in Manila Bay
on 08 September 2017 at the Manila South Harbor. In so far as Horizon Manila
Project is concerned there were no issues raised but only clarification on the
alignment of the project relative to other proposed projects for which ECC application
has not been submitted yet for processing.

Summary of Issues and Concerns Raised during Public Scoping Activity

The objective of the conducted Public Scoping Activity and other continuing IEC to be conducted is to
ensure that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will address the relevant issues and
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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
concerns of the stakeholders and that it will be consistent with the Philippine Environmental Impact
Statement System (PEISS).

In fact, the result of the conducted Public Scoping is vital to the proposed project. The oppositions to
the project due to perceived environmental impacts and other concerns as well as support, especially
from the Barangay 719 Captain, were freely expressed during the Public Scoping.

Among the major issues are: (a) the identification of the Project Developer; and (b) Impacts on the
San Nicholas Shoal, the expected source of the sands/filling materials. A bullet list of the top Issues
and Concerns raised during the Public Scoping Activity is provided below.

Top Key Issues and Concerns Raised during Public Scoping Activity

o Issues Not Directly Related to Environmental Concerns and/or to Project

 Source of Filling Materials and Impacts on San Nicholas Shoal

 Impacts on Fisherfolks at/near the San Nicholas Shoal
 Identification of the developer or partner of the City of Manila and of project financier
 Type of EIS Report Documentation, i.e., Why not a Programmatic EIS

o Issues Directly Related to Environmental Concerns

-- During the Construction/Reclamation Phase

 Impact areas / barangays Identification

 Impacts on Water Circulation
 Miscellaneous Concerns:
 Erosion
 Subsidence
 Storm Surge
 Sea Level Rise
 Climate Change
 Solid Waste
 Impacts on the Sailors of Manila Yacht Club

-- During the Operations Phase

 Traffic Problem
 Increase Congestion in Metro Manila
 Effect on Indigent Manileños
 Displacement of Vendors in Roxas Boulevard

-- Others

 Consistency with the Operational Plan of Manila Bay per Supreme Court Mandamus
 Project Alternatives
 Basis of Reclamation Platform Elevation

The complete Public Scoping Report is provided in Annex 2.0A.

The Table of List of Issues and Concerns, Proponent’s Response and Page discussed in the EIS is
provided in Section 2.4, Table 2.4-65 onwards.

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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

EIA SUMMARY: SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES AND ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS THEREOF

 ALTERNATIVES IN SITING

In terms of siting, a major consideration is compliance with the legal requirement that the site should
be within the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila. The site has to have sufficient buffer zone
from the (a) other reclamation projects such as the Manila Goldcoast Reclamation and the Pasay City
Project, (b) the North and South Harbors and (c) the Manila Yacht Club. This is seen in Figure ES-5.

Providing buffer zone will impact on water circulation.

Manila Yacht Club

Manila Goldcoast Reclamation

Pasay City Reclamation Project

Figure ES-1. Proposed Project Site Relative to Other Landmarks

Moreover, the proposed project site must not be situated in very deep waters otherwise the
reclamation methodology and the project cost may be adversely influenced. The other aspects such
as ancestral domain and land classification are also considered.

The reclamation site considers the resources that may be impacted such as the marine ecology; that
it is not within or in conflict with Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) or Protected Areas as declared
in the NIPAS; and that there are no settlers nor fishing activities in the site.

 ALTERNATIVES IN DESIGN

The designed landform is divided into three (3) islands with individual areas of 139, 140 and 140
hectares, respectively instead of having only one big island to ensure minimal effects on water
circulation pattern. The adjacent Manila Gold Coast Reclamation project of 148-hectares is also
divided into three (3) islands. Moreover, the alignment is based on a configuration that does not
conflict with the other reclamation projects and also with the requirements for the navigational lane of
the PPA. A summary of criteria that led to a decision for the creation of three (3) islands instead of
one (1) island is provided in the Table 1-4 page 1-25.
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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Based on the Table 1-4, the selection for the design of the proposed project is mostly independent of
no. of islands but three (3) island reclamation project was preferred the most because of more
effective water circulation and drainage system compared to having one island reclamation project.

 CRITERIA CONSIDERED IN ESTABLISHING THE ALIGNMENT OF THE RECLAMATION

Based on the forgoing, alignment is influenced by the distances to buildings, centers and structures of
interest. Because of distances, the option for alignments is not influenced.

The configuration and alignment of the islands will be subject to final evaluation and approval by the
PRA. Final Considered Design is provided in Figure ES-2.

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PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Figure ES-2. Final Considered Design for the Three (3) Islands

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 11

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
 ALTERNATIVES IN TECHNOLOGY SELECTION / OPERATION PROCESS

o Reclamation techniques / methods that are considered

The reclamation techniques/methods will ultimately be determined by the

Reclamation/Dredging Contractor and subject to approval by the Project Consortium. Strict
compliances to the DENR regulations and its associated agencies including the Manila Bay
Office, to the conditions of the ECC as well as to the international marine regulations, e.g. the
MARPOL will by imposed by the Project Consortium. The process/technology are discussed
hereunder in Section 1.7, including a discussion of the sources of water and power. Fuel for
the sea vessels for propulsion and for power needed by the equipment will be directly sourced
by the Contractor in compliance with the MARPOL.

o Reclamation Methodology to be employed and environmental impacts thereof

The methodology will be specific to the selected Contractor. To illustrate, certain Reclamation
Contractors may possess special technologies for the re use of unwanted sea bed materials
instead of disposal outside of the project site. The mixing of these materials with sand
followed by compaction and the use of rock mounds will bring about the desired quality of the
land that will be created. Other determining factors in the choice of the methodology are:

1. The optimum method and choice of equipment by the Reclamation Contractor

considering that each contractor has its own particular vessels and dredging equipment;

2. The required timetable to complete the project noting also that each contractor will have
different timelines based on the equipment available; and

3. The containment structure, i.e., whether made of rocks or steel plates or a combination
which will be dictated by the geotechnical aspects.

In respect of the soil stabilization methodology, a summary of the comparative is as follows.

1. Embankment or Surcharge Method – Preliminary estimations on approximately 5-meter

high embankment indicated approximately 5 years to attain full consolidation. This is too
long a period of time to wait for the utilization and disposal of buildable areas not yet
taking into account the length of construction time required for the development of the site
in terms of provision of roads, utilities, etc.

2. Sand Drain Piles Plus Surcharge – Under this method, the sand drain piles may not be
continuous if improperly installed in addition to the fact that they are very much
susceptible to shear failure during the planning of the surcharges. Further, the equipment
required is usually heavy and require good construction surface which is not yet available
on a newly reclaimed land. This was demonstrated by the experience of PNCC during the
ground improvement of the Financial Center Area in MCCRRP.

3. Sand Composer Piles Plus Surcharge – The system is vulnerable to the same
problems as the sand drain piles. In addition, during the process of compacting the piles
vertically and laterally, they can easily be clogged with fine within the soil. Should this
happen, resistance to flow of pore waters can become high, thus requiring higher
surcharge or embankment.

4. Well Point System Plus Sand Drain Piles – In addition to having the same problems as
the sand drain piles, the presence of soil-laden water with high salinity is a potential
source of problem for maintenance of the equipment.

5. Dynamic Compaction – The equipment required are huge and heavy that the newly
reclaimed unconsolidated ground may not be able to support. Provision of matting and
grillages is costly and very inconvenient every time equipment position transfer is

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 12

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila
executed. The methods are not very effective as proven by the test conducted by the
PNCC for stabilization of the First Neighborhood Unit.

6. Vertical Drains Plus Surcharge – Under this method, the vertical drains have high
breaking strength and reinforce the soil in tension. Various types of drains are
commercially available that a specific type of drain can be chosen to be exactly consistent
with the actual permeability of the soil. Equipment required to install the drain is very light
and can easily be supported by the newly reclaimed land. The rate of flow within the drain
is higher, thus less height of surcharge is required. From the economic viewpoint, the
surcharge can be eliminated if good dredge fill materials are available. Upon completion
of the reclamation, the dredge fill itself will function as the surcharge

 Options considered for the source of water, power, fuel during the construction phase

o Power and Water Supply

Power- During the dredging/reclamation works, electrical power that will be required by sea
craft and equipment (e.g., pumps) will be on board these sea vessels. During the period of
soil consolidation which may take approximately one (1) two (2) years the minimal power
requirements of the maintenance crew and for lighting on the reclaimed land will be sourced
through connection with Meralco.

Water- Water supply by the vessel/barge crews will also be on board. Mobile water tanks
most likely to be used by contractors. No underground water extraction. Internal sourcing by
individual contractors or water can be tapped from the MWSS-designated concessionaire.
The reclamation works are “dry” in nature.

Summary of Main Impacts

This is provided in the Summary Table ES-5.

Table ES-5. Matrix Summary of the Main Impacts and Residual Effects
Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or
EIA MODULE Potential Impact) Residual Effects
Enhancement
CONSTRUCTION PHASE: LAND
Geology / Soil  Changes in seabed properties /  Seabed actually enhanced by improving soil Enhanced
subsurface geology properties through replacement of unstable
soil with rock mounds, sand fills and
application of containment structure
technology
Solid Waste  Solid waste generation (debris  Compliance with RA 9003. No garbage No residual effects.
and waste) during construction disposal into Manila Bay. Disposal onshore
phase through third party
 Inventory of solid wastes, principally
garbage through records of amount of
garbage disposed onshore.
 Spent oil from maintenance or accidental
spills by oil-water separator on board
vessel. OWS built in the Bilge Management
System on vessel.
 Disposal of unwanted seabed  “Wastes” are possible unwanted silts, which
soil may be kept on site by reusing as fill or
disposed outside in observance of rules of
the Philippine Coast Guard and the EMB.
Previous reclamation activities in Manila
Bay was allowed disposal in deep portions
of Manila Bay (>20m depth).

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 13

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or

EIA MODULE Potential Impact) Residual Effects
Enhancement
Geology  Erosion/sedimentation  Engineering design to include mitigation of No residual effects on
impacts water circulation changes on Manila Bay.
particle movements.
 Containment structure technology to
consider geotechnical studies.
 In-depth study (including simulations) on
prevailing and predicted sedimentation
patterns, wave transformation, longshore
currents, tidal currents, wind patterns, bay
morphology and bottom topography, etc.
 Some areas in the vicinity will be shielded
from erosion because the project will serve
as barrier against strong waves that can
cause erosion.
 Visual observation especially along the
shorelines fronting the Project
Geology  Storm surges/waves/tsunamis  Reclamation platform itself with structural No residual effects
and flooding on land and defense gives sheltering effect. expected on the
impacts of the proposed project  Structural defense options are: seawalls at reclaimed land.
during typhoons breakwaters, wave deflectors, other similar
defenses such as revetment; angled bypass
walls. Appropriate structure to be selected
in the DED.
 May occur with or without project.
 Reclaimed land can mitigate storm surges
by acting as “breakwater”
 Design of platform to withstand wave force,
provision of structures/drainage ways
against water incursion
 Layout of the land use and structures in the
entire reclaimed land with provisions for
easy “evacuation routes” in case of early
and swift evacuation to elevated areas
 Minimum height of completed platform at +4
MWWL
Geology  Subsidence/Settlement  Subsidence is caused by underground No residual effects.
water extraction and natural compaction. Land will be stabilized
Groundwater extraction will not be before vertical
undertaken by the Project development.
 Buildings and structures to be constructed
will be founded on the solid bedrock or Instrumentation to
dense layer and appropriate foundation confirm absence of
design will be put in place subsidence before
 A settlement criterion shall be calculated vertical development
and will include settlements that will develop
in the natural subsoil and those that will
develop in the reclamation fill from project
handover to the end of project life
 Use of containment structures
 Soil compaction/densification, and to be
advanced into the loose alluvial layer of the
seabed through use of wick drains

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 14

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or

EIA MODULE Potential Impact) Residual Effects
Enhancement
Geology  Subsidence/Settlement  Fill materials will be fully engineered and No residual effects.
compacted/densified. The soil remediation Land will be stabilized
process that will increase the N-value before vertical
should be advanced to the to the bottom of development.
pre-existing alluvium.
 Monitoring of ground level will be done Instrumentation to
during the period of soil stabilization to confirm absence of
determine quantitative surface movements subsidence before
with respect to both spatial and temporal vertical development
rates. Known accurate measuring
techniques include: InSAR satellite imagery
- time-series techniques; GPS surveys;
leveling surveys; optical leveling; LIDAR;
and field observations
Geology  Ground shaking and  Engineering intervention: structural and No residual effects
liquefaction engineering designs to withstand ground expected based on
shaking and liquefaction. Use of armor experiences with present
rocks in containment structure reclaimed land in the
 The computed “g” values of 0.592g will be Manila-Pasay areas.
utilized in the design of the structures and
also serve as guide in the degree of soil
remediation/compaction
 Remediation measures to mitigate
settlement/subisdence also apply for
liquefaction
 Philippine Standards and Codes
 Use of Armor Rocks.
 Recording of events
CONSTRUCTION PHASE: WATER
Oceanography  Impacts on water circulation in  Based on the mathematical modeling for the Minimal effect on water
the project site landform lay out circulation patterns.
 Impacts of water circulation on  Design and alignment of landform
erosion, deposition and  Creation of 3 islands to ensure circulation
sedimentation. Impacts on the  Only adjacent areas granted NTP by the
reclamation islands and PRA are deemed relevant to this study
adjacent areas
 Loss of Water Body at Site Irreversible impacts on
loss of water body at site
Marine Water  Silt dispersal to Bay due to  Silt curtains and containment structures Nil to Insignificant
Quality dredging/filling operations
Marine Water  Turbidity Increase  Dredging/filling methodology; No residual effects. Silt
Quality  Silt curtains and containment structures. dispersal will be
contained.
Water Quality  Potential contamination with  Pre-screening of filling materials; possible No residual effects. Fill
substances in filling materials sourcing from Manila Bay materials will be sourced
from Manila Bay itself.
Water Quality  Disposal of unwanted dredged  Strictly not wastes because source is Manila No residual effects on
materials Bay sea bed itself Manila Bay, fill materials
 Maybe reused are sourced from Manila
Bay itself.
 If disposed outside of project area subject to
appropriate clearances e.g., Phil Coast
Guard, DENR, etc.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 15

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or

EIA MODULE Potential Impact) Residual Effects
Enhancement
Water Quality  Manila Bay Water  On-board vessel oil containment and No residual effects. No
contamination, e.g. oil leaks, recovery equipment intentional discharges to
domestic wastes from  Own on-board vessel toilet facilities, the Manila Bay.
construction workers Disposal on land by 3rd parties
 Wastewater Discharges  Temporary portable toilets during soil
stabilization
 Bilge Water Management which includes
oil-water separation units
 Compliance with MARPOL
Marine  Potential accidents and  Sea worthy vessels Nil to Minimal Residual
Environmental Risk damages to marine ecosystems  Navigational Devices Effects on Damage to fish
Assessment during transport of dredging  Proper training lifts in the navigational
vessel  Avoid transport during inclement weather lane in case of accidents.
 Compliance with PCG and International
regulations
CONSTRUCTION PHASE: AIR
Air Quality  Air Pollution  Use of quality fuel Residual Effects - Nil
 Compliance w MARPOL
 Construction works distant from ESRs
 Short term only
 Sea is buffer zone itself
 Proper maintenance of gensets
Noise Quality  Increase in Noise Level  Construction works distant from ESRs Residual Effects - Nil
 Short-term only
 Sea is buffer zone itself
CONSTRUCTION PHASE:PEOPLE
People:  Displacement of fisher folks Residual Effect. Not
Displacement of  No settlers to be displaced because the Relevant
and displacement of indigent
Settlers project site is uninhabited
people residing in bay walk
Generation of  Perception of adverse impacts  Ambulant and indigent people at the Bay Residual positive effects
Local Benefits on small vendors walk will not be displaced on account of the on employment and
reclamation project livelihood
Generation of  Positive effects of the proposed  Livelihood and employment opportunity to
Local Benefits project to Manileños particularly Manileños particularly to indigent people of
to indigent people of Manila the City of Manila
OPERATIONS PHASE
Land: Visual  Aesthetics (Manila Bay  Viewing spot in the master plan Residual effects: Partial
Aesthetics sunset)  Monitoring of Master Plan for provision for blockade of sunset view
viewing spot(s)

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 16

PROPOSED HORIZON MANILA RECLAMATION PROJECT
City of Manila Government
Along Coast of Manila Bay in the territorial jurisdiction of the City of Manila

Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or

EIA MODULE Potential Impact) Residual Effects
Enhancement
Inducement of  All known geohazards in the  Public education, awareness and No residual effects
geological hazards area preparedness campaign to include each of
the known hazards. This will include
evacuation drills, placing of signages, and
establishing alert systems. This will be done
in coordination with agencies like NDRRMC,
PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, Proj NOAH, etc. vis-
a-vis the Disaster/Risk Reduction and
Management Plan of the government

 Implement community-based coastal tree

planting and clean-ups in area/s to be
chosen among the existing
mangroves/coastal forests in Manila Bay.
 In cases where deterioration is detected,
retrofitting/repairs shall be done accordingly
 Geohazards will be monitored throughout
the operation phase. Buildings, roads,
bridges, sewer, drainage, as well as the
structural defences shall be checked for
Generation of Social Concerns: integrity.
Local Benefits  Social Equity in terms of  Socio-economic benefits from the project Positive residual
target benefits of the will trickle to the Manileños economic effects
project  Enhancement
 Unemployment problem
Traffic Congestion  Traffic problem  Construction of links from Roxas Boulevard No residual effects due to
side and from the Cultural Center side traffic management and
 General Traffic Management Plan in construction of traffic
coordination with MMDA and the other cities infrastructures.
 The Project may in fact provide better
alternative than location of the development
plans onshore
People  Impacts to the sailors of The reclaimed land will not adversely affect the No residual effects
Manila Yacht Club movement of the MYC sailors; their sea lanes
will not be disturbed.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Report ES- 17