Module

2
Derivatives

CC
Module Outline
 Rules in finding
derivatives
 Chain rule
 Implicit differentiation
 Higher derivatives
Rules for Finding Derivatives

In finding derivative there are different notation

dy d
y' , f ' ( x ) , , [ f (x) ] ∨D x [ f (x) ]
dx dx

Fundamental Differentiation Formulas

Let c be a constant and let u, v and w be function of x

1. Derivatgive of a constant / Constant Rule

d dc
c=0 or =0
dx dx

2. Derivative of sum or difference / Sum or Difference Rule

d d d
( u+ v )= u± v
dx dx dx

3. Derivative of product / Product Rule

d d d
a. uv=u v + v u
dx dx dx

d d
b. cu=c u
dx dx

d d d d
c. uv w=uv w +uw v +vw u
dx dx dx dx

4. Derivative of a quotient / Quotient Rule

d d
v u−u v
d u dx dx
()
dx v
=
v2
5. Derivative of a Power / Power Rule
d n du
a. u =n u n−1
dx dx

d 1
b. √ x=
dx 2 √x

d n n−1 d
c. [ f (x) ] =n [ f (n) ] f ( x)
dx dx

Example / s:

Find the derivatives of the ff functions.

Answer / s:

1. y = 31 y’ = 0

2. f(x) = 2 f’(x) = 0

3. y = 5e y’ = 0

4. y = 5 + x y‘=0+1=1
dy d d
5. y = 5x =5 x + x 5
dx dx dx

¿ 5 ⋅1+ x ⋅0

=5
6. y= (2 x )( 4 x ) Another solution
dy d d
=2 x 4 x +4 x 2 x y= (2 x ) (4 x)
dx dx dx

¿ 2 x ⋅4 +4 x ⋅2 y=8 x 2

¿ 8 x+ 8 x y ' =16 x

dy
=16 x
dx

Another solution

y=8 x 2

d 2 2 d
y ' =8 x +x 8
dx dx

y ' =8 ⋅2 x+ x 2 ⋅0

y ' =16 x

7. y= (2 x ) ( 9 x2 ) (7)
dy d d d
=( 2 x ) ( 9 x 2 ) 7+ ( 2 x )( 7 ) ( 9 x 2 ) + ( 7 ) ( 9 x 2 ) (2 x )
dx dx dx dx

dy
=18 x3 ⋅ 0+14 x ⋅18 x +63 x 2 ⋅ 2
dx

dy
=0+252 x 2+126 x 2
dx

dy
=378 x2
dx

Another solution

y= (2 x ) (9 x 2)(7)

y ' =126 x 3

y ' =123 ( 3 ) x2 ⋅ 1=378 x 2

 Another soultion

8. y=( x +3)2 y=( x +3)2

y ' =2 ( x+1 ) ⋅ 1 y=x 2 +6 x +9

y ' =2 x+ 6 y ' =2 x+ 6

9. y= ( x +3 ) ( x+ 2 )( x−1 )
d d d
y ' =( x +3 ) ( x+2 ) ( x−1 ) + ( x+3 )( x−1 ) ( x+2 )+ ( x +2 ) ( x−1 ) (x+3)
dx dx dx

y ' =( x 2 +5 x+6 ) ( 1 )+ ( x2 +2 x−3 ) ( 1 ) + ( x 2+ x −2 ) (1)

y ' =x 2 +5 x +6+ x2 +2 x−3+ x 2 + x−2

y ' =3 x 2+ 8 x +1

Another solution
y= ( x +3 ) ( x+ 2 )( x−1 )

y=x 3 + 4 x 2+ x−6

y ' =3 x 2+ 8 x +1

1
10. y= 3
x

d d 3
x3 1−1 x
dx dx 0−3 x 2 −3
y'= = = 4
(x 3)2 x6 x

Another solution

y=x −3

1 −3
y ' =−3 x−4 =−3 ⋅ =
x4 x4
 ( x+3)
11. y= ( x−2)

d d
( x−2 ) ( x +3 )− ( x +3 ) ( x−2)
dx dx
y'= 2
( x−2)

( x−2 ) (1 ) −( x+3 ) (1)

y'=
( x−2)2

x−2−x−3
y'=
( x−2)2

−5
y'= 2
( x−2)

1
12. y= √3 x=x 3
−2
' 1
y = x 3 ⋅1
3

1 1
y'= ⋅ 2
3 3
x

1
y'= 3
3 √ x2

13. y= √ 1− x2
1
2 2
y=(1−x )
−1
1
y = (1−x 2) 2 (−2 x)
'
2

−1
y'=
√1−x 2
CHAIN RULE

Reviewing the composition of function f o g is given by the equation

[ f o g ] ( x )=f [ g( x ) ]

This time the derivative of the composition of function is

d d
[ f o g ] ( x ) = [ f (g ( x )) ]
dx dx

d
f ' ( g ( x ))⋅ g( x )
dx

The Chain rule appears in different form

y=f (u) and u=g ( x)

dy du dy
du
multiply by dx
= dx

dy dy du
= ⋅
dx du dx

Example / s:
du
4 3
∧dy
14. y=u and u=2 x +1 ; Find dy , dx
du dx

y=u 4 u=2 x 3 +1

dy du
=4 u3 ⋅1=4 u3 =6 x 2
du dx

dy
=4 u 3 ⋅ 6 x 2
dx

¿ 4 (2 x 3+1)3 (6 x 2)

dy
=24 x 2 (2 x 3 +1)3
dx
Another method

y=(2 x3 +1)4
3
y ' =4 ( 2 x3 +1 ) ( 6 x 2 )

y ' =24 x 2 (2 x3 +1)3

15. Differentiate y=(x 2+ 3 x )3 by chain rule

Let y=u 3 and u=x2 +3 x

dy du
=3 u2 multiply by =2 x+3
du dx

¿ 3( x 2 +3 x)2 ⋅ 2 x +3

dy
=3 ( 2 x +3 ) (x 2 +3 x)2
dx

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

A function is said to be an explicit function is where the dependent variable

solved in terms of independent variable. While the implicit function is not clear
which variable is the dependent and independent.

y=2 x (explicit)

x + y 2=0 (implicit)

To find the deruvative of animplicit function, differentiate each term of the

function with respect to x.
Example / s:
dy
∧dx
16. Find the dx of x3 −2 xy − y 3=0
dy

d 3 d d d d
dx
x − 2x[dx
y +2 y x + xy 2 −3 y 2
dx dx ]
dx
y=0

dy dy
3 x 2−2 x −2 y −0−3 y 2 =0
dx dx

dy dy
−2 x −3 y 2 =2 y−3 x 2
dx dx

dy
(−2 x−3 y 2 )=2 y−3 x 2
dx

dy 2 y−3 x 2
=
dx −2 x−3 y 2

dx
of x 3−2 xy− y 3=0
dy

d dx
3 x2
dy [ ]
x− 2 x ⋅1+2 y + xy ⋅ 0 −3 y2 =0
dy

dx dx
3 x2 −2 x −2 y −3 y 2=0
dy dy

dx dx
3 x2 −2 y =2 x +3 y 2
dy dy

dx
( 3 x 2−2 y )=2 x+ 3 y 2
dy

dx 2 x +3 y 2
=
dy 3 x 2−2 y

HIGHER DERIVATIVES
 In y=f (x ) , the derivative of the given function is y ' =f ( x ) ,means first
derivative of y with respect to x. To find the second derivative, 3rd derivative and
so on... up to higher derivative, it denote as
dy '
1st derivative , f ( x ) , y' , D y
dx

d2 y ' ' ( ) ' ' 2

2nd derivative ,f x , y , D y
d x2

d 3 y ' '' ( ) ' ' ' 3

3rd derivative ,f x , y ,D y
dx 3

d 4 y (4 ) ( ) ( 4 ) 4
4th derivative ,f x , y , D y
dx 4

. .

. .

d n y ( n ) ( ) ( n) 4
nth derivative ,f x , y , D y
dx n

Example / s:

17. Find the y ' ' ' of the function y=10 x 2 +4 x −3

y ' =20 x +4

y ' ' =20

y ' ' ' =0