Homework for the next week:
1. Vocabulary for IELTS Advanced by Cambridge to complete - link -
[Link]
2. IELTS Cambridge 11 4 Listening and 4 Reading tests.
3. Writing Task 2 Topic:
Today many companies use advertisements on the Internet. Why? What problems does it create?
(BE CAREFUL- THE TOPIC IS SPECIFIC – ON THE INTERNET!!!)
4.1 Task 1 Academic
4.2 Task 1 General Training
5. Write 10 sentences and use the following structures.
1. While/Whereas/Although + sentence 1, sentence 2 - to show the opposite side:
While using online shopping websites to order products can have some benefits, this option also leads to
more significant drawbacks (in outweigh essays!)
2. Using gerunds in the beginning of a sentence:
Providing people with high-paying jobs is one of the key reasons for job satisfaction.
3. Using 'in the sense that'/'meaning that'= which means that":
Cosmis research may prevent possible threats to our planet, meaning that spacecrafts and satellites can
determine asteroids and other cosmic bodies which can collide with Earth.
4. Using given (that) = considering that:
Given the problems of big cities, it is not wise to develop suburban regions.
5. Using as and since instead of because:
People live in rural areas because air in such regions is clean.
BUT
People live in rural areas as/since air in such regions is clean.
6. Using "which" which refers to the whole sentence - independent clause:
Companies use many methods to promote products, which can help them increase their sales.
7. Using "with someone doing something" - to show two linked processes happening at the same time:
With salaries increasing, people can achieve better standards of living.
The low cost of airline tickets can be useful for tourists, with local people in many countries earning from
tourism.
8. Using "as well as" - Show two aspects together (best for conclusions and introductions) :
Cyberbullying can target individuals as well as companies.
9. Show who can benefit because of what - Thanks to:
Thanks to advanced health care system, even low-income families can cover their medical expenses.
10. To specify - particularly due to/ especially:
The situation of public hospitals has worsened during the year, particularly due to the scarcity of resources
and services.
Water rationalization and conservation at all levels is key, especially in irrigation and industrial uses.
Speaking topics:
WRITING AND SPEAKING VOCABULARY
Happiness and money:
as nations become richer, the happiness of their citizens does not rise
Income/ money may not be the most important contributor to how happy most people are
money cannot buy happiness
income has a positive relationship with happiness (life satisfaction)
The impact of additional income is greatest
life has certainly become more comfortable
money can buy happiness, so long as the money is spent on someone else
people spent in gifts to others or gave to charity
happiness level increases as people become wealthier / richer
find happiness in everything/ wealth /
Advertising Vocabulary
Eye-catching / appealing advertising or irritating / appalling advertising
To advertise goods or commodities
To put / place advertisements on TV (radio) / to put commercials on TV
Flyers / billboards / banners / mouth-to-mouth marketing / email advertising / telephone advertising
Videos / trailers
Product placement = place ads on films
Celebrity endorsement = when famous people advertise goods
To sponsor events / to sponsor big sporting events
Sponsorship of tobacco
To endorse various products (many celebrities endorse activities)
To become popular overnight (immediately)
Brand popularity / brand awareness / brand recognition
Satisfied / Dissatisfied customers (customers showing content / discontent) (discontent = fulfillment )
To use different platforms to advertise goods (platforms – Internet, TV, radio advertisement)
Online advertisement
Ad removal / ad blocking (apply ad-blocking software)
To restore or break trust between advertisers and consumers
Adverts can be witty or humorous / memorable / persuasive / misleading customers
Word-of-mouth advertisement
To promote goods or commodities /
Advertising agency
Target audience / target (=focus) group
To make people look the same / make people similar
Decision making:
To make/take decisions / to decide what to do
a right to make their own decisions and their own mistakes
make a decision on your own / make a final / temporary decision
decision which is influenced by parents / parents should not interfere with their children's choice
parents are justified to interfere with their offspring`s choice of partner/ university …
intervene in the choices of their kids/ offsprings/ children
decision making is a responsible process regardless of what it is
Topic: Climate change
Ecological crisis (plural – crises) An ecological crisis occurs It has resulted in an
when changes to the ecological crisis in
environment of a species or the Aral Sea.
population destabilizes its
continued survival
Record levels Highest level We have also
achieved record
levels of health care
for all citizens.
Exhaust fumes gases ejected from an engine Exhaust fumes, the
as waste products smell of the guns -
just another
beautiful day to be a
police officer in the
city of Los Angeles.
Amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) a colourless, odourless gas and what we try to
produced by burning carbon do now is track the
and organic compounds amount of carbon
dioxide in the entire
rock record
Poisonous very harmful and able to poisonous chemicals
cause illness or death
Toxic gases Poison gases that are Toxic gases emitted
harmful to living things (released) from cars
and plants
Emit to release a beam, noise, coal-fired power
smell, or gas: stations continue to
emit large quantities
of sulfur dioxide
Global problem Problem relating to the We are facing a
whole world; worldwide. global problem that
demands global
action.
Irreversible effects Effects which are not Irreversible effects
possible to change; of global warming
impossible to return to a
previous condition:
Global warming a gradual increase in the Several hypotheses
earth’s temperature, caused for global warming
by gases, esp. carbon have been suggested.
dioxide, surrounding the
earth
causes X to do / results in X doing something / the reason why something, Hunger also causes
leads to X doing something especially something bad, children to do poorly
happens:\ at school, thereby
damaging their
future economic
prospects.
Consequence a result of a particular action Scientists think it is
or situation, often one that is unlikely that any
bad or not convenient species will actually
become extinct as a
consequence of the
oil spill.
Have long-term / short-term consequences relating to a long/ short The long-term
period of time consequences of
such shifts in
socialization are
incalculable.
A clear / tight connection something that is easy or A clear / tight
simple to understand connection between
climate change and
ill-health
Flood Inundation,great stream of The flood inanuded
water several cities/
Floods are a frequent
accident /
occurrence.
frequent accident / occurrence an event, esp. one that Frequent industrial
happens unexpectedly: accidents, such that
of 13 November
2005 at Harbin, add
to the pollution load.
famine / Food shortage starvation, a lack of Famine stuck several
food/nutrition provinces
malnutrition a lack of eating The effects of
malnutrition on child
mortality in
developing
countries.
Heatwaves / extreme weather conditions a period of time when the We have suffered
weather is much hotter than from severe and
usual extreme weather
conditions.
Ice cap A covering of ice over a Polar Ice caps melt
large area
Rainfall The quantity of rain falling Periods of rainfalls
within a given area in a or drought
given time
Drought A prolonged period of From hurricane to
abnormally low rainfall, droughts, weird
leading to a shortage of weather can shake
water up the economy
To have a severe / big / disastrous / devastating Highly destructive or Those social ills had
impact damaging result a particularly severe
impact on the most
vulnerable groups in
society.
impact result/ influence bullets that expand
and cause
devastating injury on
impact
Food wastage problem food is thrown or wasted Food wastage at the
retail and consumer
end of the value
chain is also a major
problem that
hampers the capacity
of the food system to
meet demands from
growing populations
and changing diets.
Side effect an unexpected result of a Side effects of
situation coastal flooding is
that people may be
homeless
Affect to have an influence on human activity
someone or something affects people
Greenhouse effect The trapping of the sun's Scientists predict
warmth in a planet's lower that this increase
atmosphere may enhance the
greenhouse effect
making the planet
warmer
Power stations/plant a factory where electricity is coal-fuelled power
produced stations should be
decommissioned
Climate change changes in the world's International action
weather on climate change
International actions Actions occurring, or carried International actions
on between two or more in the field of
nations. environment and
development should
also address the
interests and needs
of all countries.
Contaminate to make something they contaminate air
poisonous using burning fossil
fuels (gas, coal, oil)
Burning fossil fuel very hot natural fuel such as Almost 70 per cent
coal or gas of the electrical
power is obtained by
burning fossil fuel at
thermal power
stations.
Energy efficiency the goal to reduce the Energy efficiency is
amount of energy required critical to any
to provide products comprehensive
sustainable energy
strategy.
Reducing waste Diminish/decrease to minimize
pollution by
reducing waste .
to work / to cycle to work/to reduce carbon Someone's carbon footprint minimise their
footprint is a measurement of the carbon footprint /
amount of carbon dioxide you add to the
that their activities produce. world’s already
increasing carbon
footprint
Lightbulb A glass bulb inserted into a
switch to energy
lamp or a socket in a ceiling
efficient lightbulbs
Solar panel A panel designed to absorb an increasing
the sun's rays as a source of
number of solar
panels / to encourage
local residents to
install solar panels
To insulate Isolate to insulate their
houses well so that
less gas and
electricity is
consumed
Consumed Destroyed the fire spread
rapidly, consuming
many homes
large-scale / small-scale community projects Megaprojects/miniprojects typical women's
associations are
extremely active and
contribute
enormously to the
implementation of
large-scale
community projects.
Daily commute a journey from home to share a car on the
work in a day daily commute
to invest in renewables Extend money for source Introduce regulatory
of energy that is not measures that
depleted by use, such as improve grid access
water, wind, or solar and foster
power competition by
enabling new
independent and
local power
producers to invest
in renewable energy
projects.
Reliance the condition of to reduce the current
depending on something reliance on fossil
or someone fuels
Renewable energy energy that is produced renewable energy
using the sun, wind, etc., will help to reduce
or from crops, rather than Co2 emissions to an
using fuels such as oil or acceptable level
coal
Solar power Power obtained by to deploy much
harnessing the energy of more wind and solar
the sun's rays. power
Deploy Bring into effective A second priority for
action; utilize. immediate response
will be deploying
troops engaged in
training
Illegal logging illegal practices related to illegal logging in the
the harvesting, processing Amazon Basin is
and trade in timber and still a major factor in
timber products climate change
to make a (small/big) contribution giving something away — to make
whether it's your money, contribution by not
your possessions, or your burning wood and
time other fossil fuels
ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 R EADING – TEST 1
Already - not new - in vogue for some time
Grown indoors - hothouse production
Located-situated
Distance-transportation
Produce - return
Consumption - use
Cut - reduce
Vehicles - tractors
Need - require
Disadvantage - drawback
One form - one variation
Plant - grow
Not fixed - move on rails
Most probable - far more likely
Towns and cities - urban
Estimate - predict
Population change - demographic trends
Ecozones - areas where there is a natural community of plants and animals
-semi-arid - with little water
Crops - plants which are grown for food
Fertilisers - artificial chemicals added to the land to make crops grow bigger or more quickly
Infectious diseases - diseases that can pass from one plant to another by the wind or by insects
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 1 – PASSAGE 2
Put together - assembled
Components - parts
Manufactured - constructed
Ancient- historically important
A pair of-two
Lifted-raised
Shut out water-seal off from water
Taken out - removed
Rotate - turn
Move onto-pass onto
Directly-straight
Beneath-under
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 1 – PASSAGE 3
Based on-modelled on
Earlier-historic
Be successful - work
Common-generally
Refer to (v)-define (definition)
Tiny-minute
Create-form
Place-deposit
Sea-ocean
Encourage-stimulate
Create-form
Reduce the amount of light reaching earth- a global dimming
Strong- reinforced
Lose-shed
Allow-enable
Change the direction of -re-route
Bring more-increase
Worth exploring-shouldn‟t exclude thinking thoroughly
Limit the effectiveness-operate at half strength
Non-fossil-based fuels-renewable energy
Cannot be replaced-no substitute for
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 R EADING – TEST 2
What caused the Mary Rose to sink-accounts of what happened to the ship
Most of-nearly all of
One side of the Mary Rose-the starboard half
Undamaged-intact
Contain-house
Many valuable historical objects - a treasure trove of beautifully preseved artefacts
Launched-initiated
Agreed-given the go-ahead
By-via
Place-locate
Lowered into - transferred underwater into
Extra protection-additional cushioning
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 2
An undisputed answer to a question-definitively proved
The statues-the moai
Made a situation worse-accelerated the self-destruction
Support-back up
The folklore-the local belief
View-vision
Build-construct
Needed-required
A great deal of-a lot of
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 3
Perceive the intention behind works of art-sense the artists‟ vision in paintings
Satisfying-rewarding
Work out-decipher
What a painting means-the meaning
Experiments-studies
Paintings-works
Carefully-meticulously
be put together-be composed
Emotions-feelings
Complexity-intricacy
Motifs-patterns-images
pleasing-appealing
Works of art-pieces
Occur frequently-are common
In the natural world-throughout nature
Require further verification- the hypothesis will need to be thoroughly tested
Trend of the period-fashion of the time
Rules-laws
People’s reactions to works of art - art appreciation
Insights-shed light on
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 READING – TEST 3
Fell into-landed in
Invented-devised
Pull out-draw…from
Only-solely
Produce silk - the growing, harvesting and weaving
Were allowed-were entitled
Wear - have clothes made of silk
Evidence - indication
Precious metals - gold, silver
Hide-conceal
Decline-downfall
Valuable-precious·
Material-commodity
Tradesmen-merchants
The west-africa, sicily and spain
Currently-in more recent decades
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 2
Experts-biologists
According to-depending on
Straight-linear
Eat more than they need-overfeed
Difficulties-challenges
Ignore-resist
Rely on-be dependent on
Eyesight-vision
Avoid-keep safe from
Danger-likely to die
Narrow-only about 150 metres wide
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 3 – PASSAGE 3
Assume a lack of mathematical knowledge-omit the mathematics
Not a typical book-differs from most books
Other kinds of publication - a novel, a newspaper
Categories-types
Areas-parts
No more than a limited knowledge of arithmetic-a little arithmetic
Intuitive thinking-intuition
Leave out-omit
Is central to- provides the foundation of
Perform-carry out
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 READING – TEST 4
Illnesses-ailments
Invented-coined
Study of epigenetics-work in epigenetics
Increase our knowledge-take our understanding even further
Mathematical method-statistical concept
Pioneered-first suggested
Lived apart- been separated at birth
The activity of our genes - how our genetic code is expressed
Organs - brains and all other parts of our bodies
Create-build
Uncover-reveal
Affect-impact
Suffers-experiences
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 4 – PASSAGE 2
Underestimate-overlook
Appearing to have similar personalities-film personality and life personality seem to merge
Dull-banal
Key elements - the absurdity of the humor of the film
Anticipate-foreshadow
Help-aid
Audience-viewer
Make connections within a film - linking scenes
Combined appropriately-mixed and balanced
Actor-performer
Appearance-physiognomy
Moves-gestures
Consistent with-fit
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 4 – PASSAGE 3
Language is the most important invention-language must take pride of place
Incompatible characteristics-paradox
Organised -let it arrange them in some very special orders
Universal-just about everybody
Silence-absence of a sound
Had a major impact on-transformed
Aspects of life-existence
A small number-twenty-five or thirty
Complex-an infinite variety of expressions
Nature-essence
Recording of events-documentation of history
