BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

BS ENIncorporating
ISO 80079-37:2016
corrigendum June 2016

BSI Standards Publication

Explosive atmospheres
Part 37: Non-electrical equipment for
explosive atmospheres — Non-electrical
type of protection constructional safety
“c”, control of ignition sources “b”,
liquid immersion “k”
(ISO 80079-37:2016)
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 80079-37:2016.
It supersedes BS EN 13463-5:2011, BS EN 13463-6:2005 and
BS EN 13463-8:2003, which are withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precautions in industrial and
chemical plant.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2016.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016
ISBN 978 0 580 94554 0
ICS 13.230; 29.260.20
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
30 June 2016 Annex A page format errors corrected
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 80079-37

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2016

ICS 29.260.20 Supersedes EN 13463-5:2011, EN 13463-6:2005, EN

13463-8:2003

English Version

Explosive atmospheres - Part 37: Non-electrical equipment

for explosive atmospheres - Non-electrical type of
protection constructional safety ''c'', control of ignition
sources ''b'', liquid immersion ''k'' (ISO 80079-37:2016)
Atmosphères explosives - Partie 37: Appareils non Explosionsgefährdete Bereiche - Teil 37: Nicht-
électriques destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères elektrische Geräte für den Einsatz in
explosives - Mode de protection non électrique par explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen - Schutz durch
sécurité de construction "c", par contrôle de la source konstruktive Sicherheit 'c', Zündquellenüberwachung
d'inflammation "b", par immersion dans un liquide "k" 'b', Flüssigkeitskapselung 'k' (ISO 80079-37:2016)
(ISO 80079-37:2016)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 80079-37:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
This page deliberately left blank
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

European Foreword

This document (EN ISO 80079-37:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TMBG
"Technical Management Board - groups" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 305
“Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.

The significant changes with respect to EN 13463-5:2011, EN 13463-6:2005 and EN 13463-8:2003 are
included in Annex ZB “Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-5:2011,
EN 13463-6:2005 and EN 13463-8:2003".

This document supersedes EN 13463-5:2011, EN 13463-6:2005, EN 13463-8:2003.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of 2014/34/EU.

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.

Extensions to the marking scheme described in the Directive are found in the ATEX Guidelines
published by the European Commission. These are particularly useful for equipment that conforms to
more than one category.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 80079-37:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 80079-37:2016 without any
modification.

3
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential
Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2014/34/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of
this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption
of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 94/9/EC

Clause(s)/sub- Essential Requirements Qualifying remarks/Notes

clause(s) of this EN (ERs) of 2014/34 EU

4 1.1.1
1.1.3
5.1 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
1.4.1 Clause has some limited relevance to ESR
1.2.4
5.2 1.1.1
5.3.1 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
5.3.2 1.2.3 See also 80079-36
5.4 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
5.6.1 1.0.6a Not much additional information
1.1.3
5.6.2 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
5.6.3 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
5.7.1 1.0.6a
1.0.6c
1.2.1
5.7.2 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
5.7.3 1.1.3
5.8.1 1.1.3 See also 80079-36
1.3.1 Limited information in respect of 1.1.3
1.3.4
5.8.2.1 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
5.8.2.2 1.3.1 See also 80079-36

4
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

Clause(s)/sub- Essential Requirements Qualifying remarks/Notes

clause(s) of this EN (ERs) of 2014/34 EU
1.3.2
5.8.2.3 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
5.8.2.4 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
5.8.5.1 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
5.9.3 1.3.4 See also 80079-36
6.1 1.3.1 See also 80079-36
6.2 1.0.6a See also 80079-36
1.1.3 Clause has some limited relevance to ESR
1.2.1 1.2.4
1.3.4
1.4.1
6.3 1.0.6a
1.2.1
6.4 1.0.6a
1.2.1
6.5 1.0.6a
1.2.1
7.1 1.0.6a See also 80079-36
1.2.1 Clause has some limited relevance to ESR
1.3.2 1.2.4
1.3.4
1.4.1
7.2 1.0.6a
1.2.1
7.3 1.0.6a
1.1.3
1.2.1
7.3.3 1.3.1
7.3.4 1.2.3 See also 80079-36
1.3.2
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.

5
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

Annex ZB
(informative)

Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-5:2011,

EN 13463-6:2005 and EN 13463-8:2003

This European Standard supersedes EN 13463-5:2011, EN 13463-6:2005 and EN 13463-8:2003.

Table ZB.1 — Significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13463-5:2011,
EN 13463-6:2005 and EN 13463-8:2003

Clauses of this European Standard Type

Minor and Substantial
formal Extension change
changes regarding ESRs

Introduction of new definitions and slight

redefinitions concerning ignition sources to
improve ignition hazard assessment Clause 3 X X
(EN 13463-5, EN 13463-6, EN 13463-8
Clause 3)
Differentiation in requirements for ingress
prevention for dust and liquids (EN 13463-5, 5.2.2 X
Clause 4.3.4)
Changing note to normative text (EN 13463-5,
5.3.3 X X
Clause 4.4.3)
Note 2 deleted and moved to 5.6 (EN 13463-5,
5.5 X
Clause 4.6)
Additional requirement listed (2nd clause)
5.6 X X
(from EN 13463-5, Clause 4.6)
Additional measure listed (EN 13463-5,
5.6.3 X X
Clause 5.3)
Changing of wording regarding information
5.7.1 X
for instructions (EN 13463-5, Clause 6.1)
Changing of wording regarding information
5.7.2 X
for instructions (EN 13463-5, Clause 6.2)
Additional requirement New reference
regarding electrostatic requirements
(EN 13463-5, note in 7.2.2) 5.8.2.2 X
New note
Changing of wording (EN 13463-5,
5.8.2.5 X
Clause 7.6.5)
Changing to clarify dependency of
requirements 5.10 X
(EN 13463-5, Clause 7.3.2)
Differentiation to clarify dependency of 5.11.1 X X

6
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

Clauses of this European Standard Type

Minor and Substantial
formal Extension change
changes regarding ESRs
requirements (EN 13463-5, Clause 8.1)
Additional requirement (EN 13463-5,
5.13.3 X
Clause 10.3)
Editorial modification for clarification
Clause 6 X X
(EN 13463-6, Clause 6.1)
Editorial modification for clarification
7.1 X
(EN 13463-8, Clause 5.1)
Editorial modification for clarification
7.3.2 X
(EN 13463-8, Clause 7.2)
Additional example (EN 13463-8, Clause 7.4) 7.3.4 X
Editorial modification for clarification
7.3.6 X
(EN 13463-8, Clause 7.8)
Introduction of new definitions for marking Clause 10 X X

NOTE 1 The technical changes referred include the significant technical changes from the EN revised but is not
an exhaustive list of all modifications from the previous version.

Explanations:
A) Definitions
Minor and editorial changes clarification
decrease of technical requirements
minor technical change
editorial corrections

Changes in a standard classified as ‘Minor and editorial changes’ refer to changes regarding the
previous standard, which modify requirements in an editorial or a minor technical way. Also changes of
the wording to clarify technical requirements without any technical change are classified as ‘Minor and
editorial changes’.
A reduction in level of existing requirement is also classified as ‘Minor and editorial changes’
Extension addition of technical options

Changes in a standard classified as ‘extension’ refers to changes regarding the previous standard, which
add new or modify existing technical requirements, in a way that new options are given, but without
increasing requirements for equipment that was fully compliant with the previous standard. Therefore
these ‘extensions’ will not have to be considered for products in conformity with the preceding edition.

7
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
EN ISO 80079-37:2016 (E)

Major technical changes addition of technical requirements

increase of technical requirements

Changes in a standard classified as ‘Major technical change’ refer to changes regarding the previous
standard, which add new or increase the level of existing technical requirements, in a way that a
product in conformity with the preceding standard will not always be able to fulfil the requirements
given in the standard. ‘Major technical changes’ have to be considered for products in conformity with
the preceding edition. For every change classified as ‘Major Technical Change’ additional information is
provided in clause B) of the Annex ZB.
NOTE 2 These changes represent current technological knowledge 1. However, these changes should not
normally have an influence on equipment already placed on the market.

B) Information about the background of ‘Major Technical Changes’

None

1 see also ATEX Guide 10.3 and Annex ZA.

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 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
–2– ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

CONTENTS

FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative references..................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 8
4 Determination of suitability ............................................................................................. 9
5 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety “c” ................. 9
5.1 General requirements ............................................................................................ 9
5.2 Ingress protection ............................................................................................... 10
5.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2 Ingress protection in special cases ............................................................... 10
5.3 Seals for moving parts ......................................................................................... 10
5.3.1 Unlubricated gaskets, seals, sleeves, bellows and diaphragms ..................... 10
5.3.2 Stuffing box seals (packed glands) ............................................................... 11
5.3.3 Lubricated seals ........................................................................................... 11
5.4 Equipment lubricants, coolants and fluids ............................................................ 11
5.5 Vibration ............................................................................................................. 11
5.6 Requirements for moving parts ............................................................................ 11
5.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 11
5.6.2 Clearance .................................................................................................... 12
5.6.3 Lubrication ................................................................................................... 12
5.7 Requirements for bearings .................................................................................. 12
5.7.1 General ....................................................................................................... 12
5.7.2 Lubrication ................................................................................................... 13
5.7.3 Chemical compatibility ................................................................................. 13
5.8 Requirements for power transmission systems ..................................................... 14
5.8.1 Gear drives .................................................................................................. 14
5.8.2 Belt drives ................................................................................................... 14
5.8.3 Chain drives................................................................................................. 15
5.8.4 Other drives ................................................................................................. 15
5.8.5 Hydrostatic, hydrokinetic and pneumatic equipment ...................................... 15
5.9 Requirements for clutches and variable speed couplings ...................................... 16
5.9.1 General ....................................................................................................... 16
5.9.2 Slipping ....................................................................................................... 16
5.9.3 Friction ........................................................................................................ 17
5.10 Flexible couplings ............................................................................................... 17
5.11 Requirements for brakes and braking systems ..................................................... 17
5.11.1 Brakes used only for stopping in emergency ................................................. 17
5.11.2 Service brakes (including friction brakes and fluid based retarders) ............... 18
5.11.3 Parking brakes ............................................................................................. 18
5.12 Requirements for springs and absorbing elements ............................................... 18
5.13 Requirements for conveyor belts ......................................................................... 18
5.13.1 Electrostatic requirements ............................................................................ 18
5.13.2 Materials ...................................................................................................... 18
5.13.3 Belt tension .................................................................................................. 18
5.13.4 Alignment .................................................................................................... 19
5.13.5 Earthing and bonding ................................................................................... 19
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 –3–

6 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition source “b” ......... 19
6.1 General ............................................................................................................... 19
6.2 Determination of the control parameters .............................................................. 19
6.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 19
6.2.2 Determination of the safety critical values ..................................................... 20
6.3 Ignition prevention system design and settings .................................................... 20
6.3.1 Determining the performance requirements or operating characteristics ........ 20
6.3.2 Instructions .................................................................................................. 20
6.3.3 System lockout ............................................................................................ 20
6.3.4 Operator intervention ................................................................................... 21
6.4 Ignition protection of sensors and actuators ......................................................... 21
6.5 Ignition protection types ...................................................................................... 21
6.5.1 Ignition protection type b1 ............................................................................ 21
6.5.2 Ignition protection type b2 ............................................................................ 21
6.5.3 Application of ignition protection types .......................................................... 22
6.5.4 Requirements for ignition protection types .................................................... 23
6.5.5 Programmable electronic devices ................................................................. 23
7 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k”...................... 23
7.1 Determination of the maximum / minimum criteria ................................................ 23
7.2 Protective liquid .................................................................................................. 24
7.3 Equipment construction ....................................................................................... 24
7.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 24
7.3.2 Working angle .............................................................................................. 24
7.3.3 Measures to ensure effectiveness of liquid ................................................... 24
7.3.4 Accidental loosening .................................................................................... 25
7.3.5 Level monitoring .......................................................................................... 25
7.3.6 Loss of liquid ............................................................................................... 25
7.3.7 Open equipment .......................................................................................... 26
8 Type tests ................................................................................................................... 26
8.1 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety “c” ............ 26
8.2 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition source
“b” ...................................................................................................................... 26
8.2.1 Determination of control parameters ............................................................. 26
8.2.2 Function and accuracy check of the ignition protection system ...................... 26
8.3 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k” .................. 26
8.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 26
8.3.2 Increased pressure test on enclosed equipment having a sealed
enclosure that contains static, or flowing protective liquid ............................. 26
8.3.3 Overpressure test on enclosed equipment having a vented enclosure ........... 26
9 Documentation ............................................................................................................ 26
9.1 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety
“c” ....................................................................................................................... 26
9.2 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition
sources “”b” ........................................................................................................ 27
9.3 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k” ........... 27
10 Marking ....................................................................................................................... 28
10.1 General ............................................................................................................... 28
10.2 Safety devices .................................................................................................... 28
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
–4– ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Annex A (informative) Approach and application: equipment with Type of

Protection “c” ...................................................................................................................... 29
A.1 General remarks regarding ignition hazard assessment ........................................ 29
A.2 Stuffing box seal (see Table A.2) ......................................................................... 29
A.3 Slide ring seal ..................................................................................................... 31
A.4 Radial seal .......................................................................................................... 36
A.5 Belt drives ........................................................................................................... 40
Annex B (normative) Test requirements .............................................................................. 42
B.1 "Dry run" type test for lubricated sealing arrangements ........................................ 42
B.2 Type test for determining the maximum engaging time of clutch assembly ............ 42
B.2.1 Apparatus .................................................................................................... 42
B.2.2 Procedure .................................................................................................... 43
Annex C (informative) Methodology: equipment with Type of Protection “b” ......................... 44
Annex D (informative) Approach to assign the required ignition protection type used
for equipment to achieve different EPL ................................................................................ 45
D.1 For EPL Gc and Dc ............................................................................................. 45
D.2 For EPL Gb and Db ............................................................................................. 45
D.3 For EPL Mb ......................................................................................................... 45
D.4 For EPL Ga and Da ............................................................................................. 46
Annex E (informative) Information on functional safety concept ........................................... 47
E.1 ISO 13849-1 ....................................................................................................... 47
E.2 IEC 61508-1 ........................................................................................................ 47
E.3 IEC 62061 ........................................................................................................... 47
E.4 Reliability according to functional safety standards .............................................. 47
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 49

Figure C.1 – Flow diagram of the procedures described in this document ............................. 44

Table 1 – Minimum ignition protection types required when Ex “b” is selected to

achieve the intended EPL for Group II and III equipment...................................................... 22
Table 2 – Minimum ignition protection types required when Ex “b” is selected to
achieve the intended EPL for Group I equipment ................................................................. 23
Table A.1 – List of examples for some of the thought processes and principles used ............ 29
Table A.2 – Stuffing box seal .............................................................................................. 30
Table A.3 – Slide ring seal .................................................................................................. 32
Table A.4 – Radial seal ....................................................................................................... 37
Table A.5 – Belt drives ........................................................................................................ 41
Table E.1 – Application of ignition protection type ................................................................ 48
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 –5–

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________

EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHÈRES –

Part 37: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –

Non electrical type of protection constructional safety “c”,
control of ignition source “b”, liquid immersion “k”

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO 80079-37 has been prepared by IEC sub-committee 31M: Non-
electrical equipment and protective systems for explosive atmospheres, of IEC 31: Equipment
for explosive atmospheres.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents of the IEC:

FDIS Report on voting

31M/104/FDIS 31M/110/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the standard has been approved by 15 P members
out of 20 having cast a vote.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
–6– ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

"A list of all parts in the IEC 60079 series, under the general title Explosive atmospheres, as
well as the International Standard 80079 series, can be found on the IEC website."

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 –7–

EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –

Part 37: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres –

Non electrical type of protection constructional safety “c”,
control of ignition source “b”, liquid immersion “k”

1 Scope

This part of ISO/IEC 80079 specifies the requirements for the design and construction of non-
electrical equipment, intended for use in explosive atmospheres, protected by the types of
protection constructional safety “c”, control of ignition source “b” and liquid immersion “k”.

This part of ISO/IEC 80079 supplements and modifies the requirements in ISO 80079-36.
Where a requirement of this standard conflicts with the requirement of ISO 80079-36 the
requirement of this standard takes precedence.

Types of Protection “c”, “k” and “b” are not applicable for Group I, EPL Ma without additional
protective precautions.

The types of ignition protection described in the standard can be used either on their own or
in combination with each other to meet the requirements for equipment of Group I, Group II,
and Group III depending on the ignition hazard assessment in ISO 80079-36.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements

IEC TS 60079-32-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 32-1: Electrostatic hazards, Guidance

IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

ISO 281, Rolling bearings – Dynamic load ratings and rating life

ISO 1813, Belt drives – V-ribbed belts, joined V-belts and V-belts including wide section belts
and hexagonal belts – Electrical conductivity of antistatic belts: Characteristics and methods
of test

ISO 9563, Belt drives – Electrical conductivity of antistatic endless synchronous belts –
Characteristics and test method

ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components

ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components

ISO 19353, Safety of machinery – Fire prevention and protection

 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
–8– ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

ISO 80079-36: 2016, Explosive atmospheres – Non-electrical equipment for explosive

atmospheres – Part 1: Basic method and requirements 1

EN 13237, Potentially explosive atmospheres – Terms and definitions for equipment and
protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres

EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 1:

Classification using data from reaction to fire tests

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 80079-36,
IEC 60079-0 and the following apply.

3.1
constructional safety “c”
ignition protection where constructional measures are applied so as to protect against the
possibility of ignition from hot surfaces, sparks and adiabatic compression generated by
moving parts

3.2
mechanically generated sparks
sparks produced by mechanical impact or friction burning particles, as well as showers of
particles, produced by impact or friction between two solid materials

3.3
control of ignition source “b”
ignition protection where mechanical or electrical devices are used in conjunction with non-
electrical equipment to manually or automatically reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition
source from becoming an effective ignition source

Note 1 to entry: This might for example be a level sensor used to indicate loss of oil, a temperature sensor to
indicate a hot bearing or a speed sensor to indicate over-speed.

3.3.1
automatic control measure
action taken without manual intervention, to reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition source
from becoming an effective ignition source

3.3.2
manual control measure
action taken by a person as a result of a warning, indication, or alarm, to reduce the likelihood
of a potential ignition source from becoming an effective ignition source

3.3.3
ignition prevention devices/systems
arrangement that converts signals from one or more sensors into an action, or indication, to
reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition source from becoming an effective ignition source

____________
1 To be published.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 –9–

3.3.4
safety devices
devices intended for use inside or outside explosive atmospheres but required for or
contributing to the safe functioning of equipment and protective systems with respect to the
risks of explosion

3.4
liquid immersion “k”
type of protection where potential ignition sources are made ineffective or separated from the
explosive atmosphere by either totally immersing them in a protective liquid, or by partially
immersing and continuously coating their active surfaces with a protective liquid in such a way
that an explosive atmosphere which may be above the liquid, or outside the equipment
enclosure, cannot be ignited

3.4.1
protective liquid
a liquid which prevents the explosive atmosphere from making direct contact with potential
ignition sources and thereby ensures the explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited

3.4.2
equipment with a sealed enclosure
totally enclosed equipment that limits the ingress of an external atmosphere during the
expansion and contraction of the internally contained protective liquid during use in service

Note 1 to entry: Such equipment includes any pipework associated with it and often contains an overpressure
relief device.

3.4.3
equipment with a vented enclosure
enclosed equipment that allows the ingress and egress of an external atmosphere through a
breathing device or constricted opening during the expansion and contraction of the internally
contained protective fluid during normal operation

Note 1 to entry: Such equipment includes any pipework associated with it.

3.4.4
open equipment
equipment that is immersed, or has its components immersed, in a protective liquid that is
open to the external atmosphere

Note 1 to entry: For example, an open top vessel with immersed moving components. Such equipment includes
any pipework associated with it.

4 Determination of suitability

Before a decision is made to protect equipment or parts of equipment for use as an assembly,
including interconnecting parts, by the measures described in this standard, it shall have been
subjected to the ignition hazard assessment in accordance with ISO 80079-36.

5 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety

“c”

5.1 General requirements

Equipment designed and constructed according to the applicable safety requirements of the
relevant industrial standards is intended to be capable of functioning in conformity with the
operational parameters established by the manufacturer, including any mechanical and
thermal stresses that they are intended to be subjected to.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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This also applies to interconnecting parts of equipment including joints (e.g. cemented,
soldered, or welded joints).

NOTE This is accomplished by using one or more of the following documents:

• International standards or Technical Specifications
• FDIS of International standards or Technical Specifications
• National Standards or Technical Specifications
• Technical specifications or Test Reports issued by an Ex accredited Test Laboratory
• Technical specifications of industrial associations.

5.2 Ingress protection

5.2.1 General

The degree of ingress protection (IP) as specified in IEC 60529 provided by the outer
enclosures of equipment depends upon its intended duty and the type of environment it is
designed to be used in. An appropriate rating shall be determined as part of the ignition
hazard assessment (see Clause 4) and, if relevant for ignition protection, shall be able to
provide that degree of protection.

NOTE IP degrees of protection according to IEC 60529 are not intended to provide protection against the ingress
of an explosive gas atmosphere .

5.2.2 Ingress protection in special cases

The following points specify the minimum IP rating for enclosures used in the circumstances
described.

a) In the case of equipment intended for use in explosive gas atmospheres, where entry of
foreign objects can cause ignition, but entry of dust is harmless, the required degree of
protection against the entry of foreign objects shall be determined in the ignition hazard
assessment and shall be at least IP20.
b) In the case of equipment intended for use in explosive gas atmospheres, where the entry
of dusts or liquids could cause a malfunction leading to an ignition source, the degree of
protection shall be at least IP5X for dust and IPX4 for liquids.
c) In the case of equipment intended for use in explosive dust atmospheres, where ingress of
dust can result in an ignition source or fire, the degree of protection shall be IP6X.
d) In the case of equipment intended for use in explosive dust atmospheres, where ingress of
dust, foreign objects and liquids are not likely to cause an ignition, no specific degree of
protection is necessary for the purpose of ignition protection.
NOTE An enclosure is often employed for other safety reasons, e.g. IP2X to prevent parts of the body coming into
contact with rotating parts.

5.3 Seals for moving parts

5.3.1 Unlubricated gaskets, seals, sleeves, bellows and diaphragms

Un-lubricated gaskets, seals, sleeves, bellows and diaphragms shall not become an effective
ignition source, e.g. if there is a risk of mechanically generated sparks and hot surfaces which
can become an effective ignition source. Light metals shall not be used for these parts in this
case (see ISO 80079-36).

Non-metallic materials shall be resistant to distortion and degradation which would reduce the
effectiveness of explosion protection within the specified lifetime of operation.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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5.3.2 Stuffing box seals (packed glands)

Stuffing box seals (packed glands) shall only be used when instructions are provided by the
manufacturer to limit the maximum surface temperature during operation of the gland;
alternatively an automatic means shall be provided.

5.3.3 Lubricated seals

Seals which normally require the presence of a lubricant which can be replenished to reduce
the likelihood of hot surfaces occurring at their interface with equipment parts shall be
designed to ensure the sufficient presence of lubricant or shall be protected by one of the
following means:

• provision of an effective means to monitor the continued presence of the lubricant; or

• provision of a temperature detection device to warn of increasing temperatures; or
• design of the equipment to be capable of completing the ‘dry run’ type test, as described
in Annex B, without exceeding the maximum surface temperature of the equipment and
without suffering damage which would reduce the effectiveness of its ignition protection.

Monitoring shall be either continuous or by required appropriate inspection and examination.

Where the level of lubricant cannot be easily monitored (e.g. seal containing grease) the
relevant information shall be given in the instructions.

The instructions shall include details relating to the correct lubrication, monitoring and
maintenance of such seals.

5.4 Equipment lubricants, coolants and fluids

Lubricants and coolants, which are required for the protection against incendive hot surfaces
or mechanically generated sparks (see Clause 7) shall have an auto-ignition temperature (see
IEC 60079-20-1) at least 50 K above the maximum surface temperature of the equipment
where the liquid is being used.

NOTE IEC 60079-20-1 is under revision and is expected to be published as ISO/IEC 80079-20-1.

Any fluid which can be released shall not result in an effective ignition source, e.g. due to high
temperature or electrostatic charging.

5.5 Vibration

Effective ignition sources, hot surfaces or mechanically generated sparks or loss of

protection, caused by vibration shall be avoided. Vibration can arise from the equipment itself
or from the place where it is mounted.

The manufacturer shall prepare any necessary installation, operation and maintenance
instructions. In particular, the instructions shall specify the correct operating speed range of
the equipment in order to avoid excessive vibration.

5.6 Requirements for moving parts

5.6.1 General

The ignition hazard assessment (see ISO 80079-36) shall identify those moving parts which
could lead to the occurrence of unsafe vibration or impact or friction. Such parts shall be
constructed in such a way so that they are unlikely to become an effective ignition source
during the specified lifetime of operation of the equipment, taking the EPL into consideration
in combination with the instructions.

Where the melting point of the material used in the construction of moving parts is below the
maximum surface temperature of the equipment, or is not capable of causing incendive hot
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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surfaces or mechanical sparks, additional protective measures are not normally necessary
(e.g. the provision of a low melting point sacrificial wear plate; the use of a plastic fan inside a
metal housing, or a metallic fan with sacrificial non-sparking low melting point fan blade-tips).

5.6.2 Clearance

Clearances between un-lubricated moving parts and fixed parts shall be designed such that
likelihood of frictional contact, able to produce an effective ignition source in the form of hot
surfaces or mechanically generated sparks, is appropriate to the intended EPL.

5.6.3 Lubrication

For moving parts needing lubrication to avoid excessive temperatures or mechanically

generated sparks, effective lubrication shall be ensured, e.g. by:

• an oil splash lubricator, or

• a constant oil feed by means of a reservoir, pump and perhaps an oil cooler, or
• an automatic greasing system, or
• an adequate maintenance procedure to provide for routine greasing or oil level verification
by manual or visual means.

If the above measures do not achieve the required EPL of the equipment additional measures
to monitor adequate lubrication shall be applied, e.g. level, flow, pressure or temperature
sensors which operates an alarm or switch function before a critical lubricant condition is
reached, see Clause 6.

Where equipment is designed to process liquids and the presence of the process liquid is
essential for the purpose of lubrication, cooling, quenching, or ignition protection, or when the
safe operation of the equipment (e.g. of a pump) requires special priming considerations, this
shall be stated in the instructions.

5.7 Requirements for bearings

5.7.1 General

Bearings are basically divided into three types, sliding plane motion, sliding rotary motion and
rolling element. When assessing bearings, as part of the ignition hazard assessment required
by ISO 80079-36, at least the following shall be taken into account:

a) the bearing’s suitability for the equipment’s intended duty e.g. speed, temperature, loading
and variations of speed and loading;
b) the bearing’s basic rated life as described in ISO 281 for rolling element bearings (see
also Note 1);
c) the proper fit of the bearings in their housing and on the shaft (tolerances, roundness and
surface quality), taking into consideration the vertical and axial loads on the bearing with
respect to shaft and housing;
d) the correct alignment of the bearings;
e) the axial and radial loading of the bearings caused by thermal expansion of the shaft and
the housing under the most severe operating conditions;
f) protection of the bearing from ingress of water and solids, if necessary to avoid premature
failure;
g) protection of the bearing from electrical currents, including stray circulating currents
(which can cause, for example, incendive sparking, or spark erosion leading to premature
failure, at the point of contact between the ball and ball race of a ball bearing);
h) the provision of adequate lubrication, according to the lubricating regime necessary for the
type of bearing (e.g. for sliding bearings, boundary lubrication, mixed film, or full film
hydrodynamic lubrication are the most commonly used regimes);
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 13 –

i) Maintenance checks at recommended intervals (e.g. vibration, temperature);

j) replacement after unacceptable wear or at the end of its recommended life, whichever
comes first;
k) protection of the bearing from vibration, especially at standstill;
l) the use of low reliability non-metallic bearing cages in industrial applications.
m) Where a special initial running in period is necessary that could lead to an effective
ignition source, information shall be given in the instructions.
NOTE 1 At the present time, no suitable experimental test exists to demonstrate that a given type of bearing has
a low risk of becoming an ignition source in service. Ball and roller bearing manufacturers do, however, quote a
basic rated life corresponding to a probability of mechanical failure occurring during operation (e.g. failure by
deformation of an element, or fatigue flaking or spalling occurring on one of its elements). This basic rating can be
used in the ignition hazard assessment in an attempt to determine the risk of bearing malfunction that might lead to
the production of an incendive hot surface or sparks. The basic rated life of a ball/roller bearing is based on the
amount of radial and axial loading that a ball/roller bearing can theoretically endure for one million revolutions. It is
usually expressed as an “L” value in terms of foreseeable lifetime operating revolutions, or foreseeable lifetime
hours of service. In an attempt to reduce the risk of malfunction in service to a minimum, it is paramount that the
equipment manufacturer pays attention to good design, the ratio of the axial and radial loadings, construction,
lubrication, cooling, and maintenance procedures. Regular examination is also recommended during operation, in
an attempt to detect impending malfunction. If bearings act as an insulator, constructive measures are taken, so
that the isolation of parts of the equipment is avoided (see ISO 80079-36).

NOTE 2 The service life of bearings greatly depends on the service conditions and it is therefore not possible to
reliably calculate their service life.

NOTE 3 Bearings without rolling elements are not affected, because it is not possible to calculate their service
life. Lubrication is specified in 5.7.2.

5.7.2 Lubrication

Bearings which depend on the presence of a lubricating medium to protect a temperature rise
exceeding the maximum surface temperature, or the creation of incendive mechanically
generated sparks shall be constructed to ensure the presence of the lubricating medium. This
can be achieved by bearings that are sealed for life, an oil splash lubricator, or an automatic
greasing system or a manual system of monitoring the oil level, together with suitable
instructions about regular servicing and the recommended frequency of inspection.

If the above measures do not achieve the required EPL of the equipment additional measures
to monitor adequate lubrication shall be applied, e.g. level, flow, pressure or temperature
sensors which operates an alarm or switch function before a critical lubricant condition is
reached, see Clause 6.

Where equipment is designed to process liquids and the presence of the process liquid is
essential for the purpose of lubrication, cooling, quenching, or ignition protection, or when the
safe operation of the equipment (e.g. of a pump) requires special priming considerations, this
shall be stated in the instructions.

5.7.3 Chemical compatibility

Bearings shall be made of materials resistant to the liquids, or vapours, in which they are
intended to be used. Similarly, the material used in the construction of the bearing, including
any bearing cages, shall be resistant to any liquids or solvents which they are intended to
come into contact with. Particular attention shall be given to the possibility of swelling of non-
metallic parts. Where liquids or vapours can dissolve in the lubricant of the bearings, the
lubricant shall remain 'fit for purpose' even in this condition.

NOTE It is not a requirement of this standard that the manufacturer confirm suitability by tests for each
combination of fluid and bearing materials.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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5.8 Requirements for power transmission systems

5.8.1 Gear drives

Gear drives shall comply with the requirements in 5.1. Where the ignition hazard assessment
(see ISO 80079-36) shows there could still be an ignition source, another form of ignition
protection shall be used (e.g. protection by liquid immersion, see Clause 7).

Where equipment includes facilities to change the gear ratios (manually, or automatically), the
gear changing mechanisms shall be so arranged as to ensure that they are incapable of
producing either temperatures exceeding the maximum surface temperature or incendive
mechanically generated sparks.

5.8.2 Belt drives

5.8.2.1 Belt drive categories

There are two main categories of belt drives:

a) Friction (flat, V, wedge and V-ribbed) belt drives, where high surface temperatures are
foreseeable and may present a hazard.
b) Synchronous (timing) belt drives, with positive interaction between belt teeth and pulley
grooves such that friction heat build-up does not normally occur.

5.8.2.2 Electrostatic charging

Power transmission belts shall not be capable of developing an incendive electrostatic

discharge during operation.

Belt drives shall not be used in parts of equipment which require construction to EPL Ga or
Da. Belts complying with ISO 1813 and ISO 9563 are suitable for equipment constructed to
EPL Mb, Gb or Db, except for Group IIC applications. The belt speed shall not exceed 30 m/s.
Belts with connectors shall not be used at belt speeds above 5 m/s.

Where the electrical resistance of a belt is known to increase over time in normal service, the
manufacturer shall specify, in the instructions, a time period for re-testing or replacement of
the belt.

Belts shall not be considered as a suitable earth path between the drive and driven pulleys.

5.8.2.3 Belt tension

Slack drive belts can cause static build up or high surface temperatures; the correct belt
tension shall be specified in the manufacturer’s instructions and maintained.

NOTE In cases where a device(s) is used to ensure correct belt tension it shall be determined if the device(s) can
serve to detect broken belts.

5.8.2.4 Belt alignment

With drives which could cause surfaces to exceed the maximum surface temperature if they
run out of alignment, true alignment shall be maintained (see 5.8.2.6).

NOTE A correctly designed and installed belt drive, operating near the limit of its capability, typically produce
surface temperature rise in normal running of up to:

Friction drives 50 K above ambient temperature

Synchronous drives 25 K above ambient temperature.

Temperature rises greater than the above will likely reduce the working life of belts .
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 15 –

5.8.2.5 Earthing and bonding

The supporting frame, chassis, or structure, of equipment containing belt(s) shall be

constructed of electrically conducting material and shall be so arranged as to provide a
leakage path to earth for any static electricity which occurs on the belt(s). The frame, chassis
or structure includes the driving pulley or drum and any idler pulleys or rollers associated with
the belt drive. Specific electrical bonding between the separate parts and earth shall be
provided where the electrical resistance of the leakage path to earth exceeds 1 MΩ.

If the drive pulley or drive roller is powered by a mains fed electrical motor the electrical
connection to earth, normally provided for the electric motor, can be taken into account.

NOTE Additional information can be found in IEC/TS 60079-32-1.

The manufacturer shall include in the instructions a requirement for verification of bonding
during installation and maintenance periods.

5.8.2.6 Detection of mechanical faults

Drives capable of producing hot surfaces exceeding the maximum surface temperature, as a
result of the stalling of the output power shaft, while the input continues to rotate, shall have
means to detect the stalled output, and reduce the likelihood of ignition.

Where a belt drive is equipped with a device to detect a stalled output, slippage, broken belts
or misalignment, this shall be taken into account when assessing the maximum temperature
during malfunctions.

The instructions shall include the power transmission capability, the maximum belt speed, the
correct tension range, and how this can be measured, and alignment tolerance of the pulley
system.

Malfunction can also be detected by abnormal process parameters.

5.8.3 Chain drives

Chain drives shall comply with the requirements of 5.1.

Chain drives operating at speeds greater than 1 m/s, and containing a potential ignition
source (identified by the ignition hazard assessment required by ISO 80079-36), shall be
fitted with means to ensure continuous positive engagement of the chain with its associated
sprocket to avoid an effective ignition source. Where this is not possible, it shall be fitted with
a device that removes the driving power to the drive sprocket in the event of the chain
breaking, becoming disengaged, or slackening beyond a limit specified by the manufacturer’s
instructions (see Clause 6).

5.8.4 Other drives

Other drives shall fulfill the requirements set out in 5.1.

5.8.5 Hydrostatic, hydrokinetic and pneumatic equipment

5.8.5.1 Hot surfaces

Hydrostatic, hydrokinetic, and pneumatic power transmission equipment shall be constructed

of pipes, enclosures or other external parts, which do not produce hot surfaces exceeding the
maximum surface temperature, even when operating continuously at maximum normal rating.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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5.8.5.2 Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic equipment

Hydrostatic and hydrokinetic equipment shall comply with the requirements of ISO 4413.

The maximum temperature of any power transmission fluid which can be released shall not
exceed the maximum surface temperature of the equipment, if this can create an ignition risk.

NOTE 1 A suitable over-temperature protection device is a fusible plug in a fluid coupling which melts to release
the power transmission fluid from the coupling during overload / over-temperature (see Clause 6).

To reduce the likelihood of ignition of the explosive atmosphere by burning liquid the power
transmission fluid shall have a suitable fire resistance rating.

NOTE 2 National legislation often requires the use of different fire resistant fluids in certain hydraulic systems,
e.g. for mining applications.

5.8.5.3 Pneumatic equipment

Pneumatic equipment shall comply with the requirements of ISO 4414.

Air compressors used for pneumatic equipment shall:

• incorporate a filter on the intake system to avoid the ingress of dust or similar foreign
material into the parts where compression takes place;
• contain only lubricants which are resistant to ignition or carbonisation within anticipated
temperatures. Manufacturer’s instructions shall recommend types of lubricant that are
suitable.
NOTE Carbonization of compressor lubricant (caused by exposure to elevated temperatures) results in the
formation of oily carbon deposits in the compressor delivery, which can cause it to overheat and explode.

If fitted with flexible hoses for air delivery, the hoses shall not be manufactured from
elastomeric materials that can carbonize and form glow particles within anticipated
temperatures.

5.9 Requirements for clutches and variable speed couplings

5.9.1 General

Clutches and couplings shall be arranged or monitored (see Clause 6) so that no fixed or
moving part that is exposed to the explosive atmosphere exceeds the maximum surface
temperature of the equipment. In the case of plastic or other non-metallic parts of a clutch or
coupling, their material or arrangement shall exclude the possibility of an incendive
electrostatic discharge.

NOTE Examples of the above types of clutch and coupling are friction plate clutches, bell type centrifugal
clutches, fluid couplings, torque converters and scoop-controlled fluid couplings.

5.9.2 Slipping

During the period of full engagement, there shall be no slipping, or similar relative movement
between the input and output mechanisms likely to cause a hot surface exceeding the
maximum surface temperature.

The above requirements can be achieved by one or more of the following methods:

• fitting an overload / over-temperature protection device, for example a fusible plug in a

fluid coupling which 'ruptures' to release the power transmission fluid from the coupling
during overload / over-temperature; or
• fitting a control device(s), so arranged as to remove the input drive power, if any part of
the coupling or clutch assembly, or its housing, attains the maximum surface temperature;
or
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 17 –

• fitting a control device(s), so arranged as to remove the drive power, if slippage occurs,
because of malfunction, incorrect adjustment, or excessive wear on the mechanisms /
friction pads (e.g. clutch plates).

5.9.3 Friction

So as to avoid unsafe frictional heating, the maximum time taken for mechanisms to achieve
full-engagement from a standing start, or full disengagement, shall not cause the equipment
to exceed the maximum surface temperature. One method of achieving this is to determine
the maximum safe engaging time as described in B.2.

5.10 Flexible couplings

When operated within their design parameters, flexible couplings shall not generate hot
surfaces, which exceed the permitted maximum surface temperature, nor disintegrate in a
way which would create the risk of an ignition source, through for example contact between
moving metal parts. Manufacturers shall define the design parameters using established
calculation methods or testing.

NOTE 1 Suitable calculation methods are given in DIN 740-2.

Flexible couplings shall be designed and built of materials to minimize the likelihood of an
incendive electrostatic discharge as required by the assigned EPL.

NOTE 2 This does not necessitate an electrical conductive path (through the flexible coupling) between the
coupled shafts unless specified as necessary to complete an earth path from other parts of the coupled machinery.

Where flexible couplings employ non-metallic elements to separate metallic components

which could otherwise contact and cause incendive sparks, instructions shall specify the
installation and maintenance procedures needed to reduce the likelihood of metal / metal
contact during normal use.

Flexible couplings designed to accommodate shaft misalignment shall be installed such that
misalignment does not exceed the manufacturers’ maximum values, with due regard to any
foreseeable movement or flexure of machinery after installation. In particular, the bores in the
hubs shall be sufficiently accurate to ensure concentric running of coupling hubs, and of
appropriate diameter tolerance to help ensure secure and accurate shaft fixing.

The manufacturer's instructions shall include maximum torque, maximum rotational speed,
limits on angular and linear alignment deviations, the temperature rise of polymeric or metal
spring components during normal operation at the limiting parameters, and any other
information necessary for safe use.

5.11 Requirements for brakes and braking systems

5.11.1 Brakes used only for stopping in emergency

Brakes, designed to be used only for emergency stopping of equipment, shall be constructed
to meet the following:

• Emergency brakes where the likelihood of emergency stopping is not specifically defined
shall meet the requirements of 5.11.2.
• Emergency brakes of EPL Gb/Db with a rare likelihood of emergency stopping need no
further means of protection. If emergency stopping is required due to the presence of
explosive atmosphere, the requirements of 5.11.2 apply.
• Emergency brakes of EPL Gc/Dc need no further means of protection. If emergency
stopping is due to the presence of explosive atmosphere, the requirements of 5.11.2
apply.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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5.11.2 Service brakes (including friction brakes and fluid based retarders)

Service brakes shall be constructed to allow for the maximum kinetic energy to be dissipated
so that neither the maximum surface temperature shall be exceeded nor shall incendive
mechanically generated sparks be generated at any part exposed to the explosive
atmosphere.

5.11.3 Parking brakes

Parking brakes shall be fitted with an interlock to avoid the drive power being applied if the
brake is not fully released. Alternatively a control device shall be fitted which monitors the
parking brakes and provides an audible warning to the operator if the equipment / machine
moves before the brake is released completely.

5.12 Requirements for springs and absorbing elements

Springs and absorbing elements shall be constructed and, where necessary, provided with
lubrication or cooling, so that no part exposed to the explosive atmosphere either produces a
hot surface exceeding the maximum surface temperature or incendive mechanically generated
sparks if they fracture or break in service.

5.13 Requirements for conveyor belts

5.13.1 Electrostatic requirements

Conveyor belts shall be incapable of developing an incendive electrostatic discharge during

operation. Electrostatic properties shall be assessed according to IEC/TS 60079-32-1.

5.13.2 Materials

The materials used in the construction shall be non-combustible or not supporting or

propagating combustion. This includes materials classified as A1, A2 or B according to
EN 13501-1 (see ISO 19353). Their selection shall be made under consideration of the
ignition hazard assessment.

NOTE 1 The requirements in ISO/IEC 80079-38 for conveyor belts used in underground mining comply with these
requirements.

NOTE 2 National legislation can require mining conveyor belts to pass more stringent fire resistance tests, based
on the application of a propane gas burner to a test sample, a full scale fire test in a mining gallery and a rotating
conveyor drive roller in contact with a stationery conveyor belt.

5.13.3 Belt tension

Conveyor belt systems capable of producing hot surfaces exceeding the maximum surface
temperature as a result of slackening or slipping of the belt on the conveyor drive or other
rollers shall be fitted with a means to ensure that the correct belt tension, as recommended by
the manufacturer, is maintained.

The correct belt tension can be achieved by either monitoring the tension in the belt, or by
comparing the relative speeds of the drive roller and the belt. Monitoring can be either
continuous or by appropriate inspection and examination. The manufacturer shall specify the
maximum allowable speed differential between the drive roller and the belt.

If the relative speeds of the drive roller and the belt are being compared, a difference
exceeding 10 % should cause the drive power to shut down.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
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5.13.4 Alignment

Conveyor belt systems which are capable of running out of alignment and hence producing
hot surfaces exceeding the maximum surface temperature shall be fitted with a means to
detect incorrect alignment.

5.13.5 Earthing and bonding

The supporting frame, chassis, or structure of equipment containing belt(s) shall be

constructed of electrically conducting material and shall be so arranged as to provide a
leakage path to earth for any static electricity which occurs on the belt(s). The frame, chassis
or structure includes the driving pulley or drum and any idler pulleys or rollers associated with
the belt drive. Specific electrical bonding between the separate parts and earth shall be
provided where the electrical resistance of the leakage path to earth exceeds 1 MΩ.

Where the drive pulley or drive roller is powered by a mains fed electrical motor the electrical connection to earth,
normally provided for the electrical motor, can be taken into account.

NOTE Additional information can be found in IEC/TS 60079-32-1.

The manufacturer shall include in the instructions a requirement for verification of bonding
during installation and maintenance periods.

6 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition

source “b”

6.1 General

For application of Type of Protection “b”, control systems are required that are:

• suitable to control the specific ignition source, and

• reliable enough for the EPL to be achieved.

It is the intent of this standard to use simple systems as far as possible to achieve the
relevant levels of protection.

NOTE Examples of such simple systems are mechanical switching systems (including hydraulic and pneumatic
systems) or electro-mechanical switching systems such as:
– a sensor connected to a warning light which requires operator intervention;
– a belt alignment switch on a bucket elevator. The elevator stops if the alignment is lost;
– oil pressure switch on a machine which requires lubrication in order to be safe;
– a thermally actuated bypass valve to control liquid temperature of a pump;
– mechanical speed control by centrifugal governor.

It is recognized that systems with proven reliability according to functional safety standards
(IEC 61508, IEC 61511 or ISO 13849-1) are available and may be used to demonstrate that
the required reliability has been achieved but the use of such systems is not a requirement of
this standard.

6.2 Determination of the control parameters

6.2.1 General

Where the ignition hazard assessment described in ISO 80079-36 has revealed potential
ignition sources and the manufacturer has decided to reduce the likelihood of them becoming
effective by the application of the protection described in Clause 6, the equipment
manufacturer shall determine, by calculation or type tests, the control parameters (e.g.
temperature, speed, pressure, etc.) associated with those potential ignition sources. To be
able to deal with these control parameters it is necessary to define the corresponding normal
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 20 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

operating parameters of the equipment. Where applicable, this shall be done also for
expected or rare malfunctions (see Table 1).

NOTE Often sensors fitted to the equipment are used to monitor the proper functioning of the equipment. In the
case of deviation from normal operation they give an alarm or a switch function. The information of these sensors
are processed locally or by the process control-systems. This sensor information is used in some cases to
generate alarms or switch functions to reduce the likelihood of potential ignition sources becoming effective ignition
sources.

6.2.2 Determination of the safety critical values

Each safety critical value shall be determined by the manufacturer as that value above or
below which a potential ignition source may become effective. The set points relevant for
control of ignition sources shall be given in the instructions of the controlled equipment and
shall be clearly identified as safety critical.

NOTE Examples of safety critical control parameters that are determined:

a) maximum surface temperature arising from normal or abnormal friction or heat generated by the machine or
process;
b) maximum allowable over-speed that if exceeded may result in ignition capable break-up or frictional sparking;
c) maximum allowable over-pressure that if exceeded may result in ignition capable break-up or frictional
sparking;
d) maximum allowable vibration, before clearances between fixed and moving parts are reduced to ignition
capable levels;
e) maximum allowable amount of wear on brake linings / clutch linings before slippage or frictional rubbing results
in an ignition capable sparking or hot surface;
f) minimum amount or flow of coolant needed to keep hot surfaces below the ignition temperature of the
atmosphere;
g) minimum level of lubricant needed to reduce the likelihood of ignition capable frictional heating or sparking;
h) maximum misalignment to reduce the likelihood of moving parts making contact with fixed parts.

6.3 Ignition prevention system design and settings

6.3.1 Determining the performance requirements or operating characteristics

The manufacturer shall specify the performance requirements or operating characteristics

(e.g. if the device is a fusible plug) of the ignition prevention systems / devices intended to be
used in the equipment. Examples of the factors that should be taken into account are:

• speed of change of the potential source becoming an effective source;

• response time of the sensor / detector;
• response time of the ignition prevention system / device;
• difference in level between the normal parameters and critical parameters (e.g. normal
temperature and critical temperature);
• safety factor considered necessary.

6.3.2 Instructions

The performance characteristics of the ignition prevention system specified by the

manufacturer shall be included in the instructions.

6.3.3 System lockout

Where the ignition prevention device / system is constructed to stop the equipment operating
and thereby reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition source becoming an effective ignition
source, the device/system shall be arranged so that the stop function locks out, so that the
equipment cannot be re-started without re-setting of the devices.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 21 –

6.3.4 Operator intervention

Where the ignition protection device/system is constructed to indicate, provide a warning or

display to the operator to take action to reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition source
becoming an effective ignition source, the warning or display shall be designed to avoid
operator confusion or misunderstanding with regard to the action required.

NOTE In some cases the ignition protection device/system has at least two levels: The first level, to provide a
warning to the operator and a second level, to actuate the system. In some cases the warning can be used to
reduce the likelihood of spurious activation of the ignition protection system.

6.4 Ignition protection of sensors and actuators

Parts of the ignition protection system that may be located in an explosive atmosphere shall
themselves not be an ignition source (see ISO 80079-36 and IEC 60079-0).

6.5 Ignition protection types

6.5.1 Ignition protection type b1

An ignition protection system of type b1 shall comprise components having a suitable level of
reliability, assembled and installed in accordance with any relevant standards, adopting well
tried safety principles, able to withstand expected influences during operation. An ignition
protection system of level b1 shall comply with the following requirements:

• if a control parameter passes a critical value (see 6.2.2) action is taken to minimize the
likelihood of the ignition source becoming effective or a warning is given that an ignition
source can develop;
• the ignition protection system is capable of being checked at suitable intervals and the
check shall be designed to detect the loss of safety function;
• the equipment manufacturer’s instructions required by ISO 80079-36 shall specify the
interval between the periodic maintenance checks and include advice on the methods of
detecting faulty sensors or control of ignition devices/systems (e.g. the tests to be
performed). They shall also specify the action to be taken by the user if faults on the
sensors or ignition protection device/systems are detected during the maintenance
checks.
NOTE Normally, the instructions will specify that such faults need to be remedied before the equipment is put
back into service.

6.5.2 Ignition protection type b2

A b2 system shall comprise components having proven suitable level of reliability, assembled
and installed in accordance with any relevant standards, adopting well tried safety principles,
able to withstand expected influences during operation. An ignition protection system type b2
shall comply with the following requirements:

• if a control parameter passes a critical value (see 6.2.2) automatic action is taken to
minimize the likelihood of the ignition source becoming effective;
NOTE 1 As a consequence, a warning only (with consecutive manual action) cannot be used in this case.

• the ignition protection system is capable of being checked at suitable intervals and the
loss of safety function shall be detected by the check;
• if a single fault occurs in the ignition protection system it does not lead to loss of the
protection system safety function;
• the equipment manufacturer’s instructions required by ISO 80079-36 shall specify the
interval between checks on the sensor and ignition protection devices / system.

The manufacturer’s instructions shall describe the action to be taken if malfunctions in the
ignition protection device / systems are detected.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 22 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

NOTE 2 These actions might, for example, vary in degree, between immediate stopping of the equipment, to the
performance of repairs to the faulty sensors / ignition protection devices/systems without stopping the, otherwise
ignition safe, equipment from operating.

6.5.3 Application of ignition protection types

The ignition protection types in Table 1 or Table 2 shall be used as appropriate for the EPL.

The EPL can be achieved either by manual intervention following a warning signal or by
automatic intervention. The decisions on which of these shall be used shall be based on the
results from the ignition hazard assessment. For EPL Ga, Da or Mb automatic intervention is
required.

NOTE Manual intervention could be as simple as a regular maintenance procedure like checking oil level.
Alternatively the manual intervention might require a fairly immediate action to reduce the likelihood of an ignition
in which case staff needs to be available. Automatic intervention where control system takes pre-programmed
action to reduce the likelihood of a potential ignition source from becoming effective.

Table 1 – Minimum ignition protection types required when Ex “b” is selected to

achieve the intended EPL for Group II and III equipment

Intended EPL Result of the ignition hazard Ex “b” control system necessary: Ignition
of the assessment for the existing protection
equipment equipment: type
Gc, Dc Effective ignition source during A single system to avoid ignition b1
normal operation sources during normal operation
No effective ignition sources to be None
expected during normal operation

Gb, Db Effective ignition source during An independent or fail-safe system to b2 or

normal operation avoid ignition sources during normal
operation and expected malfunctions two b1

No effective ignition sources to be A single system to avoid ignition b1

expected during normal Operation sources in expected malfunctions
No effective ignition sources to be None
expected during normal operation
and expected malfunctions
Ga, Da No effective ignition sources to be An independent or fail-safe system to b2 or
Expected during normal operation avoid ignition sources during
expected malfunctions and rare two b1
malfunctions
No effective ignition sources to be A single system to avoid ignition b1
expected during normal operation sources in rare malfunctions
and expected malfunctions
No effective ignition sources to be None
expected during normal operation,
expected malfunctions and rare
malfunctions

For additional information see Annex C.

BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 23 –

Table 2 – Minimum ignition protection types required when Ex “b” is selected to

achieve the intended EPL for Group I equipment

Intended EPL of Result of the ignition hazard Ex ”b” control Ignition

the assessment for the existing system protection
equipment equipment: necessary: type
Mb No effective ignition sources to be A single system to b1
expected during normal operation under avoid ignition sources
severe operating conditions, in particular in
those arising from rough handling and
changing environmental conditions expected malfunctions

Ma For type of protection “b”, EPL Ma is not covered by this standard

(see scope)

6.5.4 Requirements for ignition protection types

The required EPL shall be achieved either by:

a) installing ignition protection devices that have been shown to comply with the required
ignition protection by previous evaluation and operating experience; or
b) evaluating the particular performance requirements necessary for the equipment, taking
account of its intended use for ignition protection, and constructing the equipment to the
required level. This evaluation shall take account of;
• the types of ignition protection devices used to protect the equipment;
• whether or not, they are single line or duplicated (e.g. by other independent devices);
• individual resistance to faults;
• whether faults are self-revealing or not;
• whether the ignition protection system is fail safe or not;
• the probability of failure, resulting in the ignition protection being lost at the same time
as a potential source of ignition (being protected by them) converts to an effective
ignition source relating to the Equipment Protection Level of the equipment.
NOTE See also Annex D for the thought process used to assign performance to the different EPL and Annex E for
some background information on ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061.

6.5.5 Programmable electronic devices

Where programmable electronic devices are used as part of the ignition protection system
they shall comply with the requirements for the appropriate ignition protection.

NOTE This can be achieved for example by control systems by complying with the requirements of IEC 61508
with an appropriate safety integrity level (see Annex E).

7 Requirements for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k”

7.1 Determination of the maximum / minimum criteria

The manufacturer of the equipment shall determine by calculation and / or by type testing the
following maximum / minimum criteria:

• the maximum and minimum level, or if more appropriate, the maximum and minimum
pressure or flow of the protective liquid;
• the maximum working angle to the horizontal of the equipment; the maximum and
minimum viscosity of the protective liquid, unless the nature of the protective liquid is
specified by the manufacturer;
• any other maximum and minimum parameters relevant to reduce the likelihood of potential
ignition sources from becoming effective.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 24 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

These criteria ensure that the designated potential ignition sources, are either totally
immersed, or continuously coated with sufficient protective liquid, to ensure they cannot
become effective. Account shall be taken of the effects of contraction during starting surges,
splashing, turbulence, churning of the liquid, the worst case filling condition and standstill of
the equipment throughout the normal range of operating temperatures.

Where the ignition protection is achieved by partial immersion and a pumped or directed flow
of liquid provides the necessary continuous coating on the potential ignition sources, the
manufacturer shall determine the most effective location of any nozzle, spray or coating
device to give required protection.

The results of the calculation, or type tests, described above, shall be included in the
manufacturer’s technical documentation; the minimum / maximum criteria to be given in the
instructions.

7.2 Protective liquid

The protective liquid used shall be of such viscosity and chemical composition that it:

• prevents the explosive atmosphere from coming into direct contact with the potential
ignition source(s) identified in the ignition hazard assessment by providing a continuous
coating, or film on the potential ignition source(s); and
• does not itself produce an explosive atmosphere on any of the potential ignition source(s).
This includes voids, bubbles or mists caused by the churning action of moving parts in
service, and/or a chemical reaction between the protective liquid and the materials used in
the equipment’s construction;
NOTE This does not preclude the use of flammable liquids used as a protective liquid.

• does not itself produce an ignition source (e. g. production of deposits prone to self-
heating or generation of static electricity.).

7.3 Equipment construction

7.3.1 General

The equipment shall be constructed to ensure that the necessary amount of protective liquid
is present. If required by the level of protection, this can be achieved for example by
monitoring device(s), indicator(s) or gauge(s), which are provided on the equipment to
indicate the maximum and minimum levels or, if more appropriate, pressure and flow rate of
the protective liquid determined in accordance with 7.1. Where fitted, these devices,
indicators or gauges shall be so arranged, that they can easily be read by the user.

7.3.2 Working angle

In the case where the ignition protection would be reduced to an unacceptable level if the
equipment is used at an angle to the horizontal, the maximum allowable working angle, or
gradient necessary to maintain the required maximum/minimum criteria, determined according
to 7.1, shall be visible or detectable on the equipment and specified in the instructions.

7.3.3 Measures to ensure effectiveness of liquid

Where contamination, deterioration, or degradation, of the protective liquid by external means

can reduce the level of the ignition protection below that commensurate with the EPL,
constructional measures shall be incorporated and/or maintenance instructions provided by
the manufacturer, to ensure that the liquid continues to maintain the requisite level of ignition
protection.

This may be achieved, for example, by:

BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 25 –

– in the case of equipment with continuously flowing protective liquids, providing filtration to
limit solid contaminants from being carried into moving parts;
– in the case of open equipment, selecting a protective liquid that is not adversely affected
by atmospheric contamination, such as atmospheric moisture and dust;
– in the case of equipment needing protection against high levels of atmospheric dust and
water vapour, providing a degree of ingress protection for the enclosure of at least IP66 as
described in IEC 60529;
– in the case of equipment with a sealed enclosure, providing an over pressure relief device
having an IP rating of at least IP23 according to IEC 60529 and set by the manufacturer of
the liquid filled equipment to operate at least at 1,1 times the absolute pressure above the
liquid level and a minimum of 0,1 bar above the normal operating pressure;
– in the case of equipment having a vented enclosure, constructing it so that any gas or
vapour which may evolve from the protective liquid in normal service can readily escape
through a breathing device having an IP rating of at least IP23 according to IEC 60529
and incorporating a suitable drying agent if necessary;
– in the case where manufacturer's instructions are used, requiring the liquid to be
subjected to routine condition monitoring and specifying the maximum allowable periods
between checks for contaminants such as deposits in the liquid and degradation, for
example, by chemical changes to the liquid’s composition such as abnormal change in
acidity, or water content.

7.3.4 Accidental loosening

Means shall be provided to guard against accidental loosening of external and internal
fasteners associated with covers giving access to the protective liquid. This also applies to
any devices needed to indicate the level of the protective liquid and plugs and other parts for
filling or draining the protective liquid which could result in unacceptable reduction in the
ignition protection if it/they were not maintained in leak proof condition.

Examples of good practice of the means to guard against accidental loosening are:

a) good design and correctly torqued fasteners;

b) cementing of threads;
c) locking washers;
d) wiring of bolt heads.

7.3.5 Level monitoring

Monitoring device(s), indicator(s), or gauge(s) shall be so designed and constructed that they
indicate the actual level.

Indicating devices shall be constructed, situated, and protected in such a manner that they do
not leak and cannot be damaged, in normal operation.

If a dipstick is used to check the level of the protective liquid in normal service the dipstick
shall be secured in its measurement position so that any requirements for ingress protection
or sealing are maintained. If necessary an adjacent label shall be provided, requiring the
dipstick to be reinserted after use.

7.3.6 Loss of liquid

Where there is the possibility of the protective liquid being lost e.g. by evaporation, capillary
or siphon action, the loss shall be avoided or means provided to replenish the liquid.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 26 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

7.3.7 Open equipment

For open equipment, or equipment with a vented enclosure, the maximum temperature of any
surface of the protective liquid exposed to the explosive atmosphere shall not exceed the
maximum surface temperature of the equipment according to its classification in ISO 80079-
36.

8 Type tests

8.1 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety “c”

See ISO 80079-36.

8.2 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition source “b”

8.2.1 Determination of control parameters

See 6.2.1.

8.2.2 Function and accuracy check of the ignition protection system

Sensors shall be checked to ensure they produce the correct output signal in response to the
characteristic being monitored and their accuracy is within the range described in this
document.

The ignition protection systems shall be checked for correct operation as intended, also to
see if they indicate a “fault” condition when defective or if a signal outside of the limits of the
pre-determined maximum / minimum range is applied to it.

8.3 Type tests for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k”

8.3.1 General

When tested in accordance with 8.3.2 or 8.3.3 no loss of liquid shall occur to the equipment,
which would cause the liquid level to fall below the minimum criteria determined in Clause 5.
The following tests shall be performed without the equipment operating.

The pressure test is not required for the enclosure in the case of open equipment.

8.3.2 Increased pressure test on enclosed equipment having a sealed enclosure that
contains static, or flowing protective liquid

The enclosure shall be submitted to an internal pressure, equal to at least 1,5 times the
maximum normal working gauge pressure with a minimum of 50 kPa overpressure for a
minimum period of 60 s, with the enclosure filled to the specified maximum liquid level. There
shall be no visible leakage.

8.3.3 Overpressure test on enclosed equipment having a vented enclosure

The enclosure shall be submitted to an internal pressure at least 1,2 times of the set pressure
of the pressure relief device for a minimum period of 60 s with the enclosure filled with the
protective liquid to the specified maximum liquid level. There shall be no visible leakage.

9 Documentation

9.1 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection constructional safety “c”

The documentation shall be made in accordance with ISO 80079-36, The type of Protection
applied shall be given in the instructions (see ISO 80079-36 and Clause 9 of this standard).
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 27 –

Technical documentation shall include as a minimum the following information as applicable:

a) details of ingress protection;

b) details of type of liquid;
c) details of safety critical parts;
d) details of running in period;
e) details for intervals of calibration;
f) details of chemical compatibility;
g) check interval of clearances;
h) dry run capability.

9.2 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection control of ignition sources
“”b”

The documentation shall be made in accordance with ISO 80079-36, the Type of Protection
applied shall be given in the instructions (see ISO 80079-36 and Clause 9 of this standard).

It shall include the following information as applicable:

a) instructions relating to the action / reaction level settings of ignition protection systems
(see Clauses 5 and 6),
b) the method and the frequency of routinely checking that the ignition protection system is
functioning and calibrated correctly,
c) specifications of indicator(s), or gauge(s) or other similar types of monitoring device, with
the correct level, or if more appropriate the correct pressure and flow rate, of any coolant,
lubricant or protective liquid necessary to maintain the ignition protection commensurate
with the assigned Equipment Protection Level (EPL) when in service. Where necessary,
indicators or gauges intended for operator controlled equipment shall be so arranged that
they can be easily seen by the operator responsible for applying the control measures.

9.3 Documentation for equipment with Type of Protection liquid immersion “k”

The documentation shall be made in accordance with ISO 80079-36, the type of protection
applied shall be given in the instructions (see ISO 80079-36 and Clause 9 of this standard).

It shall include the following information as applicable:

a) details of the maximum and minimum level of the protective liquid, or if more appropriate,
the maximum and minimum pressure and flow rate of protective liquid;
b) details of the maximum normal working pressure;
c) details of the maximum allowable working angle to the horizontal of the equipment;
d) details of the type of liquid to be used, and any limitations on the liquids, or its minimum
viscosity;
e) if necessary, any specific mounting instruction for the equipment;
f) instructions relating to maintenance, recommended duty life, replacement, replenishment
and disposal of the protective liquid;
g) where applicable instructions regarding the periodic internal cleaning to remove deposits
that could self-heat;
h) instructions about the commissioning, initial filling, and putting into service of the
equipment.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 28 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

10 Marking

10.1 General

Non-electrical equipment meeting the requirements of this standard supplemental to those of

ISO 80079-36 shall be marked in accordance with ISO 80079-36, there is no additional
marking with regard to the Type of Protection applied. For example, equipment intended for
use in a Group IIB flammable gas or vapour which has a temperature class of T4 and
Equipment Protection Level Gb and protected by constructional safety, liquid immersion
and/or control of ignition sources shall be marked with Ex h IIB T4 Gb.

NOTE The Type of Protection based on ISO 80079-37 applied to the equipment cannot be recognised from the
Ex-marking code “h”. Description of the Type of Protection applied is given in the instructions (see ISO 80079-36
and Clause 9 of this standard).

10.2 Safety devices

Safety devices with the intention to be part of an ignition protection system designed for type
b1, b2 (see 6.4) and not intended to be placed in explosive atmospheres shall be marked with
[Ex h].

It is recommended that where practical, equipment which is part of a b1 or b2 safety system

and which is to be placed in a non-hazardous area be marked with a suitable warning label,
either on the control components themselves, or on the enclosure containing them, e. g.

"WARNING – this enclosure contains equipment forming part of an ignition protection system
in accordance with ISO 80079-37".
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 29 –

Annex A
(informative)

Approach and application: equipment with Type of Protection “c”

A.1 General remarks regarding ignition hazard assessment

The full ignition hazard assessment according to ISO 80079-36 is done by the manufacturer
of the complete equipment. Examples are given there. The following examples (Table A.1)
demonstrate specific aspects of the application of Type of Protection constructional safety "c"
to particular parts and sources of ignition in parts of equipment.

Table A.1 – List of examples for some of the thought processes and principles used

Clause Example Table

A.2 Stuffing box seal/Packed gland A.2
A.3 Mechanical seal/Slide ring seal A.3
A.4 Radial seal A.4
A.5 Belt drives A.5

A.2 Stuffing box seal (see Table A.2)

For the assessment of a stuffing box seal it is necessary to keep in mind where the contact to
the explosive atmosphere is possible. The inner parts with frictional contact to the shaft may
be covered under liquid or without contact to explosive atmosphere. The probability of an
inner or an outer ignition source to become effective may be different. It is not possible to
protect the inner parts by means of control of ignition sources like temperature limitation
placed outside. The heat generating parts are the moving shaft or the packing gland. The
packing gland has a poor heat conductance and the maximum heat generating area may vary
over its service life. To monitor the moving part is complicated. Therefore it is necessary to
make a statement in the marking, accordingly to distinguish between the inner and the outer
parts.
 Table A.2 – Stuffing box seal

1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard occurrence without application of an
the ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
additional measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f

No. basis
description / basic
cause (citation of
standards,
potential (Which conditions technical rules,

operation
operation

during rare
during rare

malfunction
malfunction
malfunction
malfunction

consideration
consideration
resulting EPL

during normal
during normal
ignition originate which reasons for description of the measure experimental technical
ignition hazard
in respect of this

during expected
during expected

no need for further

no need for further

source ignition hazard ?) assessment applied results) documentation

necessary restrictions

determination of the
friction between the frictional record of the
surface temperature
hot moving and the heating in ISO 80079- test, measured
1 x during normal operation x Gc T3
surface stationary parts of a normal 36:2016, 8.2 temperature =
under most adverse
stuffing box seal operation 170 °C
conditions in a test
Application of type of protection “c” and resulting frequency of
– 30 –

ignition source in addition to no.1

determination of the
surface temperature
during normal operation
under most adverse
frictional record of the
conditions in a test, the
friction between the heating in ISO 80079- test, measured
contact force between the
hot moving and the normal 36:2016, 8.2, temperature =
2 x shaft and the stuffing box x Gb T3
surface stationary parts of a operation in a 170 °C,
is limited by a stop to ISO 80079-37
stuffing box seal liquid pump
prevent excessive force instructions
application
when the equipment is
correctly adjusted and a
minimum leakage is
present
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 31 –

A.3 Slide ring seal

Table A.3 demonstrates a possible method to carry out an ignition hazard assessment for a
slide ring seal. To fulfill the different requirements for the necessary categories, the seal has
to be assessed concerning the possible occurrence of malfunctions. A slide ring seal
designed and manufactured to the state of the art is capable to fulfill requirements of EPL Gc
without any additional protective measures (line 1). To reach the higher level of EPL Gb
additional measures are required. These measures are described in line 2. An example for
EPL Ga is given in line 3.

For EPL Ga, rare malfunctions of the equipment as well as the malfunction of the ignition
protection system need to be considered. In this example the use of an ignition protection
system b1 is acceptable.

The ignition protection system shall be able to detect the monitoring parameter without any
unsafe time delay in the activating of the ignition protection system. It is necessary to
demonstrate the capability to switch the ignition source into a safe status. The coupling of the
sensors to the ignition source is very important. It is not possible to detect e.g. a temperature
gradient because of a rare malfunction at the wear point in an admissible time, when the
sensor is placed in the storage tank of the protective liquid of the slide ring seal. For some
applications an additional monitoring of the cooling liquid flow is required to avoid excessive
local heat. The protective liquid needs to be selected under consideration of the ambient
temperatures to avoid evaporation of the liquid in the seal gap.

In total the slide ring seal can only be assessed when a dynamic routine test is carried out on
every single unit and the assessment is carried out under consideration of the mounting
position of the unit in the assembly.
 Table A.3 – Slide ring seal

1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of the frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard without application of an additional
ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical

malfunction
malfunction

potential (Which conditions rules, ex- technical

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected

ignition originate which reasons for description of the perimental documenta-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard ?) assessment measure applied results) tion

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect

determination of the
friction between surface temperature
record of the
the moving and during normal opera-
type test,
the stationary frictional heating tion under most ad- ISO 80079-
hot requirements
1 parts of a slide x during normal verse conditions in a 36: 2016, x Gc T4
surface for mainte-
ring seal with operation type test; measured 8.2
nance in the
– 32 –

product temperature <130 °C

instructions
lubrication (135 °C minus 5 K for
type testing)
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
 1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of the frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard without application of an additional
ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

malfunction
potential (Which conditions rules, ex- technical
malfunction

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ignition originate which reasons for description of the perimental documenta-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard ?) assessment measure applied results) tion

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Application of type of protection “c” and resulting frequency of ignition

source in addition to no.1
determination of the
surface temperature
during normal opera-
tion under most ad-
verse conditions in a
frictional heating type test;
– 33 –

friction between during normal

measured temperature record of the
the moving and operation; ISO 80079-
<130 °C (135 °C minus type test,
the stationary
hot absence of lubri- 5 K for type testing);
36:2016, 8.2 requirements
2 parts of a slide x x Gb T4
surface cation liquid is lubrication with an ad- ISO 80079- for mainte-
ring seal with
expected because of ditional thermo siphon 37 nance in the
product
normal leakage cooling device with instructions
lubrication
quantities forced circulation, e.g.
by a pump (specifica-
tion of maintenance
procedure and time
period for replacement
of the fluid)
 1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of the frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard without application of an additional
ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical

malfunction
potential (Which conditions rules, ex- technical
malfunction

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ignition originate which reasons for description of the perimental documenta-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard ?) assessment measure applied results) tion

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect

Application of type of protection “c”, and type of protection “b” as a

second independent type of protection in addition to no.2 and resulting
frequency of ignition source
determination of the
surface temperature
during normal opera-
tion under most ad-
Frictional heating verse conditions in a
– 34 –

during normal type test a);

operation does not record of the
measured temperature
lead to effective type test,
<100 °C (less than 80
ignition source below instructions
friction between % of 135 °C as
the moving and T4; required for EPL Ga ignition pro-
the stationary absence of equipment) with minus tection system
parts of a slide lubrication liquid is 5 K for type testing; with one igni-
hot ring seal with ISO 80079- tion protection
3 x foreseeable because and x Ga T4
surface product 37 type and ad-
of normal leakage
lubrication quantities; lubrication with an ditional
additional measures for
Temperature wrong operating thermosiphon cooling ignition pro-
class T4 intended pressure and blocked device with forced tection of the
or interrupted circulation, insured monitoring
lubrication system e.g. by a suitable mon- device
are considered as itoring device or a
rare malfunctions pump (specification of
maintenance proce-
dure and time period
for replacement of the
fluid);
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
 1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of the frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard without application of an additional
ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

malfunction
potential (Which conditions rules, ex- technical
malfunction

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ignition originate which reasons for description of the perimental documenta-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard ?) assessment measure applied results) tion

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

additional monitoring
of liquid in dependence
on failure modes by
1) insuring the liquid fill
level and/or
2) temperature of the X Ga T4
continue X
3 continued continued stationary part of the cont cont cont
d cont.
slide ring seal are . . .
monitored, 80 % of the
– 35 –

required temperature
class and and/or
3) pressure and/or
4) flow
a)
Type Test: The type test can be performed by the manufacturer or a test house according to the conformity assessment procedure.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 36 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

A.4 Radial seal

The radial seal is used through all EPLs. In Table A.4 a typical assessment is demonstrated.
It is necessary to distinguish between the function of ingress protection and the zone
separation. For the zone separation, for example, the natural ventilation or an overpressure of
a protective gas may be necessary.

The combination of the malfunction of the seal and the release of flammable liquid or
combustible gas should be considered according to increased ignition risks because of
leakage.
 Table A.4 – Radial seal

1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence measures applied to reduce the likelihood of frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard
without application of an additional measure the ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
(citation of
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

description /
basic cause standards,
technical
(Which conditions

malfunction
potential rules, ex- technical
malfunction

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

ignition originate which description of the perimental docu-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard?) reasons for assessment measure applied results) mentation

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect

Application of ISO 80079-36 and resulting frequency of ignition source

determination of the
friction between surface temperature
hot frictional heating in ISO 80079- record of
1 the shaft and the x under most adverse x Gc T4
surface normal operation 36:2016, 8.2 the test
radial sealing conditions during a
type test
– 37 –

Application of type of protection “c” and resulting frequency of ignition

source in addition to line no.1
determination of the
surface temperature
under most adverse
conditions during a
test, measured tem-
perature <130 °C
frictional heating in (135 °C minus 5 K
ISO 80079- record of
friction between normal operation, for type testing);
hot 36:2016, 8.2 the test,
2 the shaft and the x the seal may run dry or the dry run can be x Gb T4
surface ISO 80079- instruction
radial sealing a failure of mounting excluded, specific
37:2016, 5.7 s
may occur measures are de-
scribed in the oper-
ating manual, e.g.
original radial seal-
ing spare parts are
used, lubrication is
assured
 1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence measures applied to reduce the likelihood of frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard
without application of an additional measure the ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical

malfunction
potential (Which conditions

malfunction
rules, ex- technical

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ignition originate which description of the perimental docu-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction
source ignition hazard?) reasons for assessment measure applied results) mentation

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect

Application of type of protection “c” and type of protection “b” as a

second independent type of protection in addition to no.2 resulting
frequency of ignition source
(Variation to line 3)
determination of the
surface temperature
under most adverse
conditions during a
a)
type test , meas-
– 38 –

ured temperature
<130 °C (135 °C
minus 5 K for type
frictional heating in testing) <80 % of the
normal operation, required tempera- record of
ISO 80079-
the seal may run dry or ture class limit; 36:2016, 8.2 the type
friction between test, in-
hot a failure of mounting the seal is protected
3a the shaft and the x ISO 80079- structions, x Ga T4
surface may occur as rare by means of control
radial sealing 37:2016, 6.5 ignition
malfunction (see no.2) of ignition sources, prevention
a seizure of the seal the temperature type b1
cannot be excluded rising in a failure of
the seal is checked
as noncritical, in-
structions in the
operating manual
are given, the capa-
bility of the ignition
prevention type b1 is
demonstrated
Alternative application type of protection “c”
and resulting frequency of ignition source
(Variation to line 3a)
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
 1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of occurrence measures applied to reduce the likelihood of frequency of occurrence
ignition hazard
without application of an additional measure the ignition source becoming effective incl. measures applied
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
description / (citation of
basic cause standards,
technical

malfunction
technical

malfunction
potential (Which conditions rules, ex-
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected
ignition originate which description of the perimental docu-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction
source ignition hazard?) reasons for assessment measure applied results) mentation

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

determination of the
surface temperature
under most adverse
conditions during a
type test measured
frictional heating in temperature
normal operation,
<80 % of the re-
the seal may run dry or quired temperature
a failure of mounting record of
– 39 –

friction between class limit

hot may occur, as rare ISO 80079- the type
3b the shaft and the x x Ga T4
surface malfunction (see no.2) the seal is tested 36:2016, 8.2 test, in-
radial sealing
with dry run condi- structions
a scuffing of the seal tions and a failure of
cannot be excluded mounting, the tem-
perature rising in a
failure of the seal is
checked as noncriti-
cal, instructions in
the operating man-
ual are given

a)
Type Test: The type test can be performed by the manufacturer or a test house according to the conformity assessment procedure.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 40 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

A.5 Belt drives

Table A.5 demonstrates a typical solution for V-belt drives. The example given in Table A.5
describes only the ignition risk from hot belt surfaces.

The electrostatic properties like resistance or charge generating processes should also be
mentioned. It is necessary to check the amount of generated charge in relation to the
conducted charge to ground. Therefore the speed of the belt drive needs to be limited or a
test has to be carried out.
 Table A.5 – Belt drives

1 2 3 4
assessment of the frequency of
measures applied to reduce the likelihood of the frequency of occurrence incl.
ignition hazard occurrence without application of an
ignition source becoming effective measures applied
additional measure
a b a b c d e a b c a b c d e f
basis
No.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016

description / basic (citation of

cause standards,
technical
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

malfunction
malfunction

potential (Which conditions rules, ex- technical

consideration
consideration

during expected
during expected

ignition originate which reasons for description of the perimental documenta-

no need for further

no need for further
of this ignition hazard
necessary restrictions

during rare malfunction

during rare malfunction

source ignition hazard ?) assessment easure applied results) tion

during normal operation

during normal operation
resulting EPL in respect

Application of ISO 80079-36 and resulting frequency of ignition source

determination of the
surface temperature ISO 80079- record of the
hot slippage of the belt frictional heating in
1 x under most adverse 36: 2016, test, instruc- x Gc T3
surface drive normal operation
conditions during a 8.2 tions
– 41 –

test (<190 °C)

Application of type of protection “c” and resulting frequency of ignition
source in addition to no.1
determination of the
surface temperature ISO 80079-
frictional heating in
under most adverse 36: 2016,
normal operation record of the
hot slippage of the belt conditions during a 8.2
2 x additional heating in test, instruc- x Gb T3
surface drive test (<190 °C), ISO 80079-
case of incorrect tions
maintenance is re- 37: 2016,
tension of the belt quired in regular 5.8.2.3
intervals
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 42 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Annex B
(normative)

Test requirements

B.1 "Dry run" type test for lubricated sealing arrangements

The test attempts to simulate the heating which can occur when the lubrication provided for
lubricated type sealing elements, between fixed and moving parts of equipment, is lost.
Examples of the sealing arrangements concerned, are gasket seals, shell type seals and
other similar seals used for sliding or rotating shafts.

Before the test remove the lubricant without cleaning. Then subject the sealing arrangement
to a "dry run" type test with the moving part operating at its maximum normal operating speed.
The duration of the dry run test shall be three times the maximum time during which the
equipment may run dry considering the intended use and the target EPL. If the maximum time
for dry running cannot be assessed, the maximum surface temperature requirements of
ISO 80079-36 apply under dry run conditions (until final temperature is reached).

Measure the temperature on the fixed part of the equipment as near as possible to the place
where the seal makes contact with the moving parts. For example, an accurate determination
can usually be made by inserting a thermocouple into a small hole drilled at an angle near the
seal so that it extends underneath the sealing element. Towards the end of the test several
temperature readings may need to be taken to ensure that a final 'steady state' temperature
has been attained. Note the temperature readings together with the ambient temperature and
the speed of moving part during the test.

B.2 Type test for determining the maximum engaging time of clutch assembly

B.2.1 Apparatus

B.2.1.1 Clutch assembly

One clutch assembly of the type intended to be used in the explosive atmosphere. If the
clutch assembly forms part of a series having different input and output characteristics, select
the assembly designed to transmit the largest amount of power and torque from its input shaft
to its output shaft.

NOTE If the clutch assembly is fitted with an overload protection device, such as a shear pin (for friction pad
types), or fusible link/plug (for liquid filled types), this might need to be disabled during the test to avoid it affecting
the results.

B.2.1.2 Temperature sensor

Temperature sensor(s) – able to measure temperatures up to and including at least the

maximum surface temperature for the explosive atmosphere in which the clutch is intended to
be used. The sensor(s) also need to be capable of measuring the temperature of fixed and
moving parts exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. Suitable sensor(s) are for example
specially calibrated infra-red heat detectors, arranged to measure the actual temperature of
moving parts without being mechanically connected to them.

B.2.1.3 Drive motor

Drive motor able to transmit the clutch assembly manufacturer's maximum recommended
input power and torque to the assembly.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 43 –

B.2.1.4 Locking mechanism

Locking mechanism able to keep the output shaft of the clutch assembly from rotating when
the manufacturer's maximum recommended input drive power and torque is applied to the
input shaft.

B.2.1.5 Recording devices

Timer/recorder arranged to start when the drive power is first applied to the input shaft and
stopped when the temperature sensor detects that a part of the assembly has attained the
maximum surface temperature allowed for the atmosphere.

B.2.1.6 Conditioning chamber

Conditioning chamber able to condition the clutch assembly whilst it is connected to the drive
motor and locking mechanism.

B.2.2 Procedure

B.2.2.1 Sample preparation

Condition the clutch assembly at (20 ± 5) °C for at least 8 h.

B.2.2.2 Timing

Simultaneously start the drive motor (to apply power to the clutch input shaft) and the timer.

B.2.2.3 Temperature recording

Determine and record the 'Maximum engaging time' for the assembly, which is the time taken
in seconds, from the instant when drive power is applied to the assembly, to the instant when
the temperature sensor ascertains that part of the clutch assembly has reached the maximum
surface temperature allowed for the atmosphere in which it is intended to be used. Stop the
drive motor.

B.2.2.4 Results

The test report shall contain;

• the number of this standard;

• the clutch assembly manufacturer's name;
• the manufacturer identification for the assembly;
• the 'maximum engaging time' for the clutch assembly in seconds.

B.2.2.5 Reporting

The “Maximum safe engaging time" shall be given in the information for use supplied with the
equipment.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 44 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Annex C
(informative)

Methodology: equipment with Type of Protection “b”

Figure C.1 demonstrates the procedure related to equipment with Type of Protection control
of ignition source “b”.

Perform the ignition hazard assessment required by ISO 80079-36

1) List the potential ignition sources
2) Make a decision to use control of ignition source ”b” as the means of
ignition protection

Determine the control parameters required by 6.1 of this document

1) During normal operation
2) At ignition level threshold

Select suitable sensors / ignition protection system

1) Establish that the sensors and ignition protection system are
themselves ignition protected
2) Establish and specify the sensor / ignition protection system settings
to reduce the likelihood of ignition occurring, based on the control
parameters determined above and the requirements in 6.2

NO Establish the ignition protection system (see 6.4)

Do they meet the required ignition protection type for ignition protection in
Tables 1 and 2, either by selection from existing proven devices, or by
risk evaluation of the devices to be used?

YES

Equipment is suitably ignition protected for the intended EPL

IEC

Figure C.1 – Flow diagram of the procedures described in this document

BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 45 –

Annex D
(informative)

Approach to assign the required ignition protection

type used for equipment to achieve different EPL

D.1 For EPL Gc and Dc

This equipment, by definition, does not contain sources of ignition in normal operation. To
meet this basic requirement, it will not usually be necessary to apply additional control of
ignition source ”b” protection to cater for abnormal operation of the equipment. The exception
to this is equipment that has to be controlled by some device as part of its normal operation.
For example, a speed control device fitted to ensure that a rotating part of a machine
maintains the correct speed in normal operation. In this case, the speed control device can be
interpreted as an ignition protection system as described in this document.

It might also be necessary to fit an ignition protection system of type b1 device to normal
industrial equipment, thereby convert it from equipment that is not intended for use in an
explosive atmosphere to a type that meets the requirements of EPL Gc and Dc.

In all of the above cases, the probability of a failure of the ignition protection system at the
same time as an explosive atmosphere occurs will be rare and consequently, a low ignition
protection level should be sufficient.

D.2 For EPL Gb and Db

The equipment that meets the requirements of EPL Gb and Db has to be protected against
ignition sources occurring in normal operation and also with expected malfunction. In this
case, the probability of an ignition source developing in the equipment at the same time as
the ignition protection system is faulty and an explosive atmosphere is present is higher than
for EPL Gc, Dc equipment. Ignition protection type b2 has therefore been assigned by this
document to the ignition protection systems used to protect EPL Gb, Db equipment that would
otherwise have an effective ignition source in normal operation. Where the effective ignition
source is only likely to occur in expected malfunctions an ignition protection system with type
b1 is sufficient to achieve the required degree of protection.

D.3 For EPL Mb

EPL Mb needs to be protected against ignition sources occurring in normal operation and also
with expected malfunction on the equipment, even under severe operating conditions. In this
case, the probability of an ignition source developing in the equipment at the same time as
the ignition protection system is faulty and an explosive atmosphere is present is as high as
for EPL Gb equipment.

Case 1:

Where the general ventilation and gas detection arrangements guarantee that presence of
explosive atmosphere in the environment of the EPL Mb equipment is detected and leads to
an automatic de-energizing within short time, an ignition protection system with type b1 is
sufficient to achieve the required EPL Mb.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 46 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Case 2:

Where the effective ignition source is only likely to occur in case of expected malfunctions an
ignition protection system with type b1 is sufficient to achieve EPL Mb.

D.4 For EPL Ga and Da

EPL Ga, Da needs to be ignition protected in normal operation, also with expected
malfunctions and rare malfunctions.

The definitions and requirements for this EPL also include reference to such equipment being
either safe with more than one fault applied, or protected by two protection methods. For this
reason, EPL Ga and Da can only be achieved to equipment that does not have an effective
ignition source in normal operation. Where the effective ignition source is only likely to occur
in rare malfunctions an ignition protection system with type b1 (with automatic action only) is
sufficient to achieve the required EPL provided, and keep the ignition source from becoming
effective if any control parameter critical is exceeded. Where the ignition source is likely to
occur in expected malfunctions two independent ignition protection systems of type b1, or
alternatively one ignition protection system of type b2, are necessary to achieve the required
EPL.
BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 47 –

Annex E
(informative)

Information on functional safety concept

E.1 ISO 13849-1

International Standard IEC 13849-1:2006 “Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of

control systems – Part 1: General principles for design” supersedes 1999 edition of IEC
13849-1. It describes 5 performance levels (a, b, c, d and e), it considers MTTF, diagnostic
coverage, common cause failure and other aspect and it should be applied to assess the
quality of the safety related parts of machinery control systems.

E.2 IEC 61508-1

IEC 61508, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related

systems has been prepared by the IEC to assist manufacturers of safety related systems. It
contains the requirements for four Safety Integrity Levels (SIL 1, 2, 3 and 4) that can be
applied to describe the quality of the safety related parts of a control system.

E.3 IEC 62061

The IEC has elaborated an International standard for electrical/electronic and programmable
controlled machine safety: IEC 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-
related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems.

E.4 Reliability according to functional safety standards

The correlation between reliability according to functional safety standards and ignition
prevention types is given in Table E.1.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 48 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Table E.1 – Application of ignition protection type

Hardware Fault Tolerance

(related to effective ignition 2 1 0 1 0 -1 0 -1
source)
Ignition protection type
achieved by the control system
(safety device)
Hardware Fault Tolerance - 0 1 - 0 1 - 0
Safety Integrity Level - SIL 1 SIL 2 - SIL 1 SIL 2 - SIL 1
(IEC 61508)
Performance Level/
PL c PL d PL c PL d PL c
Category acc. to ISO 13849-1
cat.2 cat.3 cat.2 cat.3 cat. 2
Ignition protection type according
to this standard b1 b2 b1 b2 b1

Equipment Protection Level

achieved
after implementation of safety
measures

EPL Group II, III Ga, Da Gb, Db Gc, Dc

NOTE 1 Hardware Fault Tolerance (HFT):

– -1 indicates effective ignition source during normal operation (incendive in normal operation).
– 0 indicates that the equipment under control is safe in normal operation, no effective ignition sources to
be expected during normal operation. One single fault may cause the apparatus to fail so a single
system is necessary to avoid ignition sources during normal operation
– 1 indicates that the apparatus is safe with one single fault. Two independent faults may cause the
apparatus to fail.
– 2 indicates that the apparatus is safe with two independent faults. Three faults may cause the
apparatus to fail.

NOTE 2 SIL1 or SIL2 indicates the Safety Integrity Level of the Safety device according to IEC 61508 series.
PL c or PL d indicates the Safety Performance Level of the Safety device according to ISO 13849 series.

NOTE 3 “-“ means that no safety device is required

BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016 – 49 –

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related systems – Part 1: General requirements

IEC 61508-2:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-

related systems – Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems

IEC 61508-3:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-

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IEC 61508-5:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-

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IEC 61508-6:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-

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IEC 61508-7:2010, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-

related systems – Part 7: Overview of techniques and measures

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Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements

IEC 62061:2005, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical,

electronic and programmable electronic control systems

IEC 80079-38, Explosive atmospheres – Part 38: Equipment and components in explosive
atmospheres in underground mines 2

ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1:

General principles for design

EN 13478, Safety of machinery – Fire prevention and protection

EN 14986, Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres

EN 50303:2000, Group I, Category M1 equipment intended to remain functional in

atmospheres endangered by firedamp and/or coal dust

DIN 740-2, Power transmission engineering; flexible shaft couplings; parameters and design
principles

____________
2 To be published.
 BS EN ISO 80079-37:2016
– 50 – ISO 80079-37:2016 © ISO 2016

Requirements and tests applicable to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids used for power
transmission and control (hydrostatic and hydrokinetic), seventh edition, doc. N° 4746/10/91
EN, Luxembourg, April 1994

___________
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