ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
GHALIB UNIVERSITY
COMPUTER SCEINE FACULTY
2TH SEMESTER
Advance Programming Structure
LECTURER : Zabihullah Rahmani
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Table of contents
1. Arrays
2. Types of Arrays
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Arrays
An array is a sequence of objects of same data type.
The objects in array are also called elements of array.
An array is represented in the computer memory by a consecutive
group of storage locations.
These locations are referenced by a single variable called array name.
Each element of an array is referenced by its position in the array.
The position of an element in an array is represented by an index value
or subscript.
An element of an array is accessed by its subscript of same type.
The data is stored in an array. The array is accessed by a single
variable name.
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Types of Arrays
1) One-dimensional arrays
2) Multi-dimensional arrays
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One-Dimensional Array
One-dimensional array is also called as a list or linear array.
It consist only one column or one row.
For example, the temperature of each hours of a day is stored in an
array. The name of the array is “temp” and its elements are
tem[0],temp[1],temp[2],temp[3],…. temp[23]
temp[0] 22.2
temp[1] 23.5
temp[2] 19.7
-
-
-
-
-
temp[23] 15.3
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Declaration of One-Dimensional Array
Defining the name of array, its data type and total number of elements
of an array is called declaring of the array.
When an array is declared , a memory block with required number of
locations is reserved in the computer memory for storing the data into
elements of the array.
general syntax for declaring one dimensional array is:
DataType Array_name[n];
Where ‘n’ is an unsigned integer value. It represents the total number of
elements of array or called size of array
To declare a one-dimensional array “temp” of type double with 24
elements, the statement is written as:
double temp[24]
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Accessing Data in One-Dimensional Arrays
Each element of an array is referenced by its index.
In an array of n elements, each element has an index value.
The index of the first element is 0 and of the last element is n-1.
The index value is written within square brackets after the array name.
Thus the first element of an array temp is referenced as temp[0].
Similarly, the last element of an array temp of n elements is referenced
as temp[n-1].
To entering data into array you can use either
cin object or assignments statements.
e.g cin>>a[1]; or a[1]=12;
To get or print data of array you can use
cout object or assignments statements.
e.g cout<<a[1]; or int b=a[1];
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Example 1
Write a program in C++ to enter integer type data into an array and
then to print the values in reverse order.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int abc[5];
for(int i=0;i<=4;i++){
cout<<"Enter value in element "<<i<<endl;
cin>>abc[i];
}for(int i=4;i>=0;i--){
cout<<"Value in a["<<i<<"]"<<abc[i]<<endl;
} return 0;
}
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Example 2
Write a program in C++ to input data into an array of 5 elements .
Calculate the sum and average of the elements and then print the sum and average on
the screen.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float abc[5],sum,avg;
for(int i=0;i<=4;i++){
cout<<"Enter value in element "<<i<<endl;
cin>>abc[i];
} sum=avg=0.0;
for(int i=4;i>=0;i--){
sum=sum+abc[i];
}avg=sum/5;
cout<<"Sum of array values = "<<sum<<endl;
cout<<"Average of array values = "<<avg;
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Example 3
Write a program in C++ to find out and print the maximum value in the array.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int abc[5], max;
for(int i=0;i<=4;i++){
cout<<"Enter value in element "<<i<<endl;
cin>>abc[i];
} max=abc[0];
for(int i=1;i<=4;i++){
if(max<abc[i])
max=abc[i];
}
cout<<"Maximum value is = "<<max;
return 0;
}
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Initializing One-Dimensional Arrays
Like other variables, the values in the elements of an array can also be assigned when
the array is declared.
The assigning of values to the elements of the array at the time of its declaration is
called initializing of the array.
For example, to declare an array “temp” of type double with 5 elements, with values
66.3,77,7,99.2,63.9 and 59.3 in elements temp[0],temp[1],
temp[2],temp[3],temp[4] respectively, the statement is written as :
Double temp[5]={66.3,77.7,99.2,63.9,59.3};
If the number of elements in an array is greater than the values in the list, then the
remaining last elements are initialized to zero.
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Example 1
Write a program to initialize the values in an array and the print these values on the
screen.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
double temp[5]={ 66.2,63.2,69.6,70.2,55.4};
for(int i=0;i<=4;i++){
cout<<temp[i]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
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Any question…?????????????
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