III. A.
Pre-test: True or false
______ 1. Pepito M. Capito prepared a list of controversial issued in Philippine
History.
______ 2. Philippine is a sprawling archipelago bringing the southeastern rim of the Asian Continent
according to Zaide.
True 3. Rio Grande de Mindanao is the longest river in our country.
______ 4. The first cry was in August 23, 1896 but the exact place is not in
Balintawak but Pugad lawin.
______ 5. The Philippine Flag wore a bright royal blue during the inauguration of the
Japanese-sponsored Republic.
B. Essay+
Define the following terms based from your own understanding.
1. Controversies
2. Meeting
3. Retraction
4. Physical Feature
5. Liberty
IV. Objectives
Lesson 3 Controversies and Conflicting Views in the Philippine History
React and reflect on controversial issues and conflicting views concerning historical events.
Demonstrate the ability to formulate argument in favour of or against a particular historical issue
using primary source.
Lesson 4 Social, Political, Economic and Cultural Issues in Philippine History
Effectively communicate using various techniques and genres’ historical analysis of a particular
event or issue that could help other understand the chosen topic.
Propose recommendations or solution to present-day problems based on their understanding of
root cause and their anticipation of future scenario;
Display the ability to work in a multidisciplinary team and contribute to a group endeavor.
Lesson 5
Manifest interest intent in local history and show concern in promoting it.
Critically evaluate, promote and preserve the Philippine museums, historical shrines, indigenous
practices, religious rites and rituals, archaeological sites and other cultural heritage.
V. Learning Outcomes
Activity 1 Words to Know: Define the following terms based on your own point of view.
1. Corruption-is a wrongdoing or practice involving the official of an institution. It is the abuse of holding
position to gain advantage.
2. Graft- it is an illegal use of political influence for personal gain.
3. Poverty- is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing when people can’t people satisfy
their basic needs. Poverty can be understood simply as lack of money.
4. Overpopulation- is one of the major problems the planet is facing today, and it directly or indirectly
fuels other problems, ranging from pollution to global warming.
5. Crime-
6. Sexual Abuse – is sexual victimisation through a sexual encounter. Sexual encounter includes
intercourse, anal-genital contact, fondling, or an encounter with an exhibitionist.
7. Incest Crime
8. Terrorism- is the unlawful use of, or threatened use of force or violence against individuals or
property to coerce and intimidate government or societies, often to achieve political, religious or
ideological objectives
9. Armed Conflict
10. Extrajudicial Killing- is the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of
any judicial proceeding or legal process.
Activity 2 Brush Up: Differentiate the following terms and give examples to support your answer
1. Graft and Corruption
Corruption is the use of public office and the betrayal of public trust for private gain, and graft as the
acquisition of gain in dishonest or questionable manner. Essentially, corruption refers to corruption
practices in government while graft refers to corruption in general, including in the private sector.
However the term corruption is commonly used to refer to all forms of corrupt and corruptible acts
and practices, both inside and outside of government. Graft is the illegal gaining of funds; corruption
is the improper use of funds.
2. Unemployment and Underemployment
3. Rape and Acts of Lasciviousness
4. Violence and Abuse
5. Sexual Violence and Physical Violence
6. Street Children and Children in the Streets
7. Traffic Congestion and Traffic Jam
8. Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance- Tax evasion- this is very rampant, particularly in the private sector
due to the refusal of those engaged in private businesses to honestly declare their annual income and
pay to corresponding taxes to the government.
9. Terrorism and Rebellion
10. Working Children and Children Working
Activity 3 Answer the following
1. “Marawi crisis was a lesson for us” -Lorenzano. What was he referring to as a
“lesson”?
2. Do you agree that the Filipino youth today have a very shallow knowledge of history?
3. What is the most effective way to stop smoking?
4. The Philippines has reportedly became a favorite destination of pedophiles from the US,
Australia and Europe. What do you think is the reason?
5. Why do you think there were cases of intentional abortion in the country each
year despite the fact that abortion is illegal here? Support your answer.
6. Do you believe that Marijuana can be used as a drug to some illness? If yes, why? If no, why not?
7. It was reported that there are 8 cases of rape each day and one rape incident in every 3 hours in
the Philippines. Do you agree with this figure? If yes, why do you think so? If no, what is your
statistical figure?
8. Why do you think there are people who evade or avoid paying their tax?
Activity 4 Give additional causes and solutions to the following issues/concerns:
1. Corruption
Causes
a) Due to high attractive inducements offered under a situation.
b) poverty
c) structure of government
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
2. Overpopulation
Causes
1. Lack of family planning
2. Immigration
3. Decline the death rate
Solutions
a) Continue to improve resource efficiency and pollution control so that standards of living can rise
without negative impact.
b) Family planning programs for villages and remote areas.
c) Mandatory sex education at schools.
3. Illegal Drugs
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
4. Terrorism
Causes
a) Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they
perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land
or rights, or denied these.
b) Lack of education amongst the people has been put forward as a prime reason of terrorism.
Uneducated person are easy to be persuaded to commit the crime because they have no high
ability of thinking. Many terrorists believe crazy things; they're more likely to do crazy things
c) Injustice: Injustice is a cause of terrorism. People get offended and hurt by the justice system that
they choose to resort to acts of violence in order to protest the on- going injustice. There is no cure
to fixing the justice system to ensure that everyone is happy, but injustice is a cause of terrorism
Solutions
a) Education: education is a primary solution to terrorism. The government should educate the people
to understand the differences in culture, religion, belief, and human behaviors. All people should
think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “their group of people
b) Eliminate the root of terrorism: The way this world is attacking terrorism is funny. Every country is
doing something to kill terrorism, but they still cannot eliminate all terrorist. They can kill some
terrorists today, but they cannot kill the other terrorist tomorrow or after tomorrow. They should
try to find the root of terrorism, and they have to eliminate it. Black money is the main root cause
of terrorism because terrorists can do nothing without money, so the government should find who
support the terrorist
c) Understand about terrorists: the solution is to find out the problem why a terrorist doesn't feel
guilty and why he was forced to be a terrorist. It may be some injustice done to him. Hatred
spreads hatred only. It may be conquered by love only.
5. Street Children
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
6. Child Abuse
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
7. Social Media Issue
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
8. Tax Evasion / Tax Avoidance
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solution
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
9. Violence Against Violence
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
10. Human Trafficking
Causes
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Solutions
a) _________________________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________________________
Activity 5 Research: The research paper will be presented and printed
Topic to be researched
a) Clarification / Drug categories
b) Negative effects / Side effects to the Body
Activity 6 Write an Essay consisting of 200-500 words on the topic “Drug-Free
Philippines”. It must be handwritten and submitted to the teacher.
Activity 7 Reflection Figure
a) Things I have learned (knowledge)
b) Things I have realized and discover (values)
c) Things I have discovered and wanted more (skills)
VI.A. Socio-Political Issues in Philippine History
Activity 8 Words to Know
A. Define the following terms based on your own point of view (not exactly
copied from the text).
1. Socio-political Issues
2. Violent
3. Right
4. Court Blog
5. Lower Courts
6. Political Issues
7. Dynasty
8. Intellectual Property
9. Copyright Issues
10. Court of Justice
B. Differentiate the following terms
1. Bill and Law
2. Justice and Judge
3. Jail and Prison
4. Amendments and Revision
5. Constitutional Commission and Constitutional Assembly
6. Plebiscite and Referendum
7. Rights and Privileges
C. Answer the following
1. Why do you think local and national elections are varied by violence and voting chaos?
2. Do you agree to the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) that courts are congested with
over 1 million cases yearly?
3. Do you agree that there are human rights violation in the Philippines? If there are to what extent are
there violations committed? Who commits these violations?
4. Is Federalism a solution to corruption and criminality? What is your point of view?
5. Are you favor against same-sex marriage in the Philippines? Explain your answer.
D. Fill out the following diagram on the table:
Socio-Political Issues Causes Solutions
1. Violent Elections
2. Federalism
3. Constitutional
Dynasty
4. Political Dynasty
5. Human Rights
Violation
E. Write an essay consisting 300-500 words Handwriting. The students may focus on
one Socio-political issue or they may select the issue they want to write about.
VI.B. Environmental, Health and Sports Issues and Concerns
A. Define the following terms according to your understanding
1. Environment
2. Health
3. Sports
4. Segregation
5. Vaccines
6. Mining
7. Malnutrition
B. Differentiate the following terms
1. Labor and Labor Contracting
2. Endo and Contractualization
3. Sports and Games
A game involves more than one person and a sport pertains to only an individual’s skills and
performance. A physical activity, Sport is carried out under an agreed set of rules. Sport is related to
recreational purpose, either for self-enjoyment or competition or for both. A game is also for
recreational activities and it involves one or more players. Played on the basis of a set of rules, a game is
defined as a goal that the players try to achieve. As like sport, game is also played for enjoyment.
Sport is an activity or activities where the material capabilities of the sportsperson are looked upon. In a
sport, it is the sportsperson or the individual who determines the outcome. Well, an individual’s talent
does not determine a game. It is the entire performance of the players that determines the winner in a
game. An individual’s skill or performance, though has much significance, does not count much in a
game; it is only the coordination and team spirit that leads the game.
A person participating in a sport is called as athlete or a sports person. A person who participates in a
game is known as player. When a game relies on strategy, sport is based on individual performances and
luck. In a sport, the athlete can take independent decisions, but a player cannot take such independent
decisions in a game. A decision is taken at a game collectively among two or more players. Another
difference between sport and game is that the former is based on physical energy and the later is based
on mental strength. Sport is played with a view of competition in mind while game is played with a
friendly attitude.
One can come across more professionalism in sport than the game. In a sport, the athlete or sports
person is expected to show good sportsmanship and also have high standards of conduct like respecting
the opponents and the officials. But in a game, an individual may not deliver such character. In game,
the performance of the whole team is taken into account. Sport is organized and competitive. It also
requires commitment and fair play. An athlete or a sports person always gain popularity and maintains a
name for his skills. But in a game, it is not the individual who gains popularity but it is the entire team
that carves out a niche.
4. Malnutrition and Undernutrition
5. HIV and AIDS
HIV and AIDS are different, but they are very closely linked. Acquired immune system deficiency
syndrome, or AIDS, is a serious viral disease that destroys the body’s immune system, AIDS is caused by
a virus called human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. Remember that HIV is a virus and that AIDS is a
disease that results from infection by the HIV virus.
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. Not everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS.
Everyone with AIDS in infected with HIV. AIDS is result of the progression of HIV Infection. Anyone
infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to another person.
C. Give some other cultural values and cultural practices
1. a) Cultural Values __________________________________________________
b) Cultural Practices ________________________________________________
2. Why are cutting of trees in private land prohibited?
3. Do you agree to the negative effects of frequently using mobile phones? Defend your answer.
4. Why do some household families do not separate their waste materials?
VII. Post Test / Assessment (45 points)
Write an essay consisting of 150-500 words
1. Karma: True or False
2. Prohibitions of Cutting of Trees: Its Positive and Negative Effects
3. Socio-Economic Condition of the Country
Good Luck
Prepared by:
MRS. ANNA MARIE P. PARDILLA
Instructor
Deforestation is a human movement where forests are permanently destroyed to create a place where
trees can be used for industries such as paper making, wood and construction. Many forests were
destroyed and the impact was felt by climate change and the extinction of animals due to ecosystem
degradation. The effects of deforestation are bad and need to be avoided and controlled before it gets
worse.
Overpopulation is one of the causes of forest deforestation because it needs to create a place for the
growing population of the world and the need for urbanization for economic reasons. Recently, the
population has grown significantly in the world and people are in need of shelter as a basic necessity.
The forest was destroyed so that the people could find land to build a shelter and then cut down trees
to build their houses. Overpopulation is a major threat to forest landmass and if left unchecked, people
will continue to occupy forests until the world's forests are no longer covered.
Another factor influencing forest deforestation is industrialization. Industries that use trees to produce
their product for example the paper and wood industries have caused great damage to forests. The
problem with the industries is the large demand for trees causing widespread deforestation. As long as
we need furniture, paper and a house, the massive destruction of our forests is not worth it.
Fires are also caused by deforestation. In the stages of thirst, fire spreads widely and burns trees. Fire
incidents can result from human activities such as smoking or burning charcoal in forests. Drought due
to poor weather changes in global warming is a natural disaster that claims the lives of people and living
things.
Agricultural activities such as farming and animal husbandry also cause deforestation due to the need
for land in those activities. The forest for farming purposes involves clearing all the plants in the required
soil and using it for and then sinking the plant hence the name 'slash and burn pertanian' The fields
required for Keeping cattle together with other animals requires a large area clear from the trees.
Deforestation has a great impact on the ecosystem in different ways. Climate change is influenced by
deforestation because trees influence weather directly. Trees usually act to protect against strong winds
and erosion but in its absence, natural disasters like floods and storms could be experienced. Also, tree
are important in replenishing the air in the atmosphere. Trees have the ability to absorb carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere and release oxygen. Without trees, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere will be increased. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it causes global warming.
Global warming is a serious environmental issue that causes adverse climatic changes and affects life on
earth. Extreme weather conditions like storms, drought and floods. These weather conditions are not
conducive for humans and other living things on earth. Natural disasters as a result of global warming
are very destructive both to animate and inanimate objects in the environment.
Loss of species due to deforestation has negatively affected biodiversity. Biodiversity is a highly valued
aspect of life on earth and its interruption is a loss. There is a loss of habitat for species to exist in as a
result of deforestation and therefore species face extinction. Extinction of some rare species is a threat
we are currently facing. Animals that live and depend on forest vegetation for food will also suffer and
eventually die of hunger. Survival has been forced on animals of the jungle due to deforestation and that
is why human wildlife conflict is being experienced.
The water cycle on earth is negatively affected by deforestation. The existence of water vapor in the
atmosphere is maintained by trees. Absence of trees cause a reduced vapor retention in the atmosphere
which result in adverse climate changes. Trees and other forest vegetation are important in preventing
water pollution because they prevent the contaminated runoff into water sources like rivers, lakes and
oceans. Without trees, pollution of water is more frequent and therefore the water will be unsafe for
consumption by human and animals.
Based on the serious impact of deforestation, it is only safe if solutions are sought to end this problem.
The ultimate solution is definitely restoration of the forest landmass on earth. The restoration can be
done by encouraging the planting of trees, a process called reforestation. Although reforestation will not
completely solve the impacts of deforestation, it will restore a habitat for the wild animals and slowly
restore the ecosystem. Major impacts like concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere require
another approach. Human activities that contribute to carbon dioxide gas emission to the atmosphere
have to be reduced through strict policies for industries and finding alternative energy sources that do
not produce greenhouse gases.
Another solution is public awareness. People have to be made aware that deforestation has negative
effects so that they can reduce the act. Through awareness, people can also be taught on ways of
reducing the population e.g., family planning. On World Environment Day, people are encouraged to
participate in activities like tree planting in order to conserve environment and that is how the
awareness takes place.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, deforestation is a human activity that is destructive and should be discouraged.
Environmental conservation is our responsibility because we have only one earth to live in.
