Grammar: Tenses

PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense is a type of sentence that has a function to express an activity or fact that
occurs in the present, and structurally or its arrangement, simple present tense uses only one
verb.
Present Tense is one of the forms of verb tenses. It simply describes the actions, truths(facts),
future and situations. It is very easy to form and uses base form of the verb.

It is a verb tense.  A ‘verb’ is an action word.  The ‘tense’ is the time of the action.  The ‘present’
is now. It shows how the past is connected to the present/now
Structure / Formula

Formula of the simple present tense affirmative is,

Subject + Base Form(V1) +’s’ or ‘es’ + rest of the sentence

With the singular subject we use ‘does not’ while with the plural, we use ‘do not’. For example,

 He does not eat apples daily.

 They do not eat apples daily.

Simple Present Tense Interrogative

Do / Does + subject + base form + rest of the sentence +?

Interrogative sentences start with ‘do’ or ‘does’. For example,

 Does he eat apples daily?
 Do they eat apples daily?
Usage

Use the Present Simple in English for:

1.1       General – “Chinese people eat a lot of rice.”

1.2       Permanent – “I am a teacher.”  “He is a father.”
1.3       Mathematical/scientific – “One plus one equals two.”  “Water freezes at 0c.”
1.4       Habitual – “I drink coffee every day.”
1.5       Recurring – “It snows every winter.”
1.6       Eternal/Unvarying – “The Bible says ‘You must not kill’.”
1.7       Mental state – “I think she is very kind.”

Examples

Affirmative Sentences

 My friend helps me.
 Teacher talks to his students regularly.
 I walk daily early in the morning.
 They discuss literature with each other.
 She takes exercise regularly.

Negative Sentences

 I do not like mathematics.

 He does not fall in the category of eligible candidates for a job.
 The garden does not look attractive.
 He does not attend his class regularly.
 They do not talk to each other.
Interrogative Sentences

 Do you like Mathematics?
 Does he belong to Rome?
 Do they perform their duties honestly?
 Does he attend his class regularly?
 Does she take exercise daily?

Exercise

1. Do you ________ how to speak German? (know)

2. She ________ as an Accountant in a private firm. (work)
3. I do not _______ Mathematics. (like)
4. The sun _______ in the west. (set)
5. He does not _______ novels. (write)
6. David ______ his room every day. (clean)
7. I ______ up at 4:00 am every day. (wake)
8. Julie does not _______ her car. (drive)
9. Do you ______ tennis? (play)
10. They ______ books late night. (study)

Answers

1. know
2. works
3. like
4. sets
5. write
6. cleans
7. wake
8. drive
9. play
 10. study

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense expresses the ongoing action or task of the present. It is also
called present progressive tense. For example, I am eating the meal.

Signal Words

 at the moment
 just now
 right now

Structure / Formula
Subject + is/am/are + Present participle (-ing) form

Subject (I) Am Present participle(-ing)+…

Subject (He/she/it) Is Present participle(-ing)+…

Subject (We/They) Are Present participle(-ing)+…

Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, we use same structure,

Subject + is/am/are + Present participle (-ing) form

 Julia is making a sponge cake right now.

 He is going to the hill station next week.
 Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + is/am/are + not + Present participle (-ing) form

Examples

 Julia is not making a sponge cake right now.

 He is not going to hill station next week.

Question Sentences

Is/am/are + Subject + Present participle (-ing) form +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Is Julia making a sponge cake right now?

 Is he going to hill station next week?

Usage

Usage Example

To express actions that are happening now. He is playing tennis now.

To express actions that are planned. He is watching movie with his friend next Sunday.

For changing situations. The climate is getting hotter each year.

To express time at the moment of speaking We are performing our duty at the moment.

Example Sentences

 The laborer is pushing the cart.

 He is flattering the boss.
 She is kneading the flour.
 He is spending the holidays in Switzerland.
 I am taking the examination this month.
 John is writing an essay on education.
 Peter is running on the jogging track.
 He is reading his favorite book.
 The police are catching the thief.
 They are playing badminton right now.

Exercise

1. _____ he ___________ the flowers? (pluck)

2. Jami __________ with the guitar. (play)
3. Anu _________ the flour. (knead)
4. The laborer _________ the carriage. (push)
5. We _____ not _________ the ruinations. (sketch)
6. I _________ an interesting essay. (write)
7. ________ you ________ holidays on the beach? (spend)
8. _______ our leaders ________ for the prosperity of our country? (work)
9. He ______ not _______ the M.A. Examination this year. (take)
10. I _________ my clothes. (iron)
11. The doctor _________ the pulse of the patient. (feel)
12. Jamid ________ on a foreign tour. (go)
13. He _____ not ________ the birds. (shoot)
14. They _________ the tea during the break time. (take)
15. Shiza _________ the dose of medicine. (take)

Answers

1. Is he plucking the flowers?
2. Jami is playing with the guitar.
3. Anu is kneading the flour.
4. The laborer is pushing the carriage.
5. We are not sketching the ruinations.
6. I am writing an interesting essay.
7. Are you spending holidays on the beach?
8. Are our leaders working for the prosperity of our country?
9. He is not taking the M.A. Examination this year.
10. I am ironing my clothes.
11. The doctor is feeling the pulse of the patient.
12. Jamid is going on a foreign tour.
13. He is not shooting the birds.
14. They are taking the tea during the break time.
15. Shiza is taking the dose of medicine.

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense expresses the completion of the action or task of the present. For example,
I have taken two doses of medicine.

Signal Words

 for
 since
 yet
 still
 already
 ever
 till now

Structure / Formula
 Subject + has/have + Past participle (v3)

Subject (He/she/it) has Past participle(V3)

Subject (I/We/They) have Past participle(V3)

Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, we use this structure,

Subject + has/have + Past participle (V3)

Examples of positive sentences

  Julia has made a sponge cake.

 He has gone to the hill station.

Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + has/have + not + Past participle (V3)

Examples of negative sentences

 Julia has not made a sponge cake.

 He has not gone to the hill station.

Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Has/have + subject + Past participle (V3) +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Usage

Usage Example

I have been at work for

How long? six hours.

He has just
The work that has recently been completed. cooked the meal.

Time period that has not finished. She has drunk two cups of tea today.

We have lived in this house

To describe the specific moment of time. since 2015.

Example Sentences

 The laborer has pushed the cart.

 She has kneaded the flour.
 I have traveled to Rome.
 He has spent all his money.
 I have taken the examination this month.
 John has written an essay on education.
 Peter has rescued the cat.
 He has read his favorite book.
 The police have caught the thief.
 They have played badminton.

Exercise

1. _____ he ___________ the flowers? (pluck)

2. Jami __________ with the guitar. (play)
3. Anu _________ the flour. (knead)
4. The laborer _________ the carriage. (push)
5. We _____ not _________ the ruinations. (sketch)
6. I _________ an interesting essay. (write)
7. ________ you ________ holidays on the beach? (spend)
8. _______ our leaders ________ for the prosperity of our country? (work)
9. He ______ not _______ the M.A. Examination this year. (take)
10. I _________ my clothes. (iron)
11. The doctor _________ the pulse of the patient. (feel)
12. Jamid ________ on a foreign tour. (go)
13. He _____ not ________ the birds. (shoot)
14. They _________ the tea. (take)
15. Shiza _________ the dose of medicine. (take)

Answers

1. Has he plucked the flowers?
2. Jami has played with the guitar.
3. Anu has kneaded the flour.
4. The laborer has pushed the carriage.
5. We have not sketched the ruinations.
6. I have written an interesting essay.
7. Have you spent holidays on the beach?
8. Have our leaders worked for the prosperity of our country?
9. He has not taken the M.A. Examination this year.
10. I have ironed my clothes.
11. The doctor has felt the pulse of the patient.
12. Jamid has gone on a foreign tour.
13. He has not shot the birds.
14. They have taken the tea.
15. Shiza has taken the dose of medicine.
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (present perfect progressive tense) is used to express the
action or task that started in the past and continues in present.

Signal Words

 for two hours,

 for ________
 how long
 since morning,
 since ______
 Structure / Formula

Subject + has/have + been + Base form(+ing)

I Have been travelling.

Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb Base form of

Subject (present tense) (past participle) verb+ing

Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, we use this structure,

Subject + has/have + been + V1(+ing) + …

Examples of positive sentences

 He has been playing football for two hours.

 The child has been studying since morning.
 She has been kneading the floor.
  I have been playing my favorite game.
 They have been working in this office since last year.

Negative Sentences

To make the sentence negative, we add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb (present tense).

Subject + has/have + not + been + V1(+ing) + …

Examples of negative sentences.

 Julia has not been making a sponge cake.

 He has not been reading his favorite book.
 She has not been planting for three hours.
 They have not been studying since morning.
 I have not been traveling.

Question Sentences

Auxiliary verb (present tense) come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end.

Has/have + subject + been + V1(+ing) + … +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Has he been studying since morning?

 Has she been planting for two hours?
 Have they been traveling for two days?
 Has the farmer been ploughing the fields?
 Has he been smoking since 2011?
Usage
Usage Example

Emphasis on duration of action. I have been learning French since I went to school.

To express anger and irritation Why have you been disturbing me?

1. He has been watching TV for two hours.

Time bound expressions (since, for, lately, how long) 2. He has been smoking since 2015.

Exercises

1. He (write) an interesting essay.

2. I (take) the dose of medicine for two days.
3. The farmer (plant) since morning.
4. I (learn) English.
5. Rita (drive) the black car for five years.
6. The children (watch) the TV all day long.
7. John (smoke) for five years.
8. The mechanic (fix) my bike since morning.
9. I (plan) my holidays for one week.
10. He (obey) the orders of his boss.
Answers

1. He has been writing an interesting essay.

2. I have been taking the dose of medicine for two days.
3. The farmer has been planting since morning.
4. I have been learning English.
5. Rita has been driving the black car for five years.
6. The children have been watching the TV all day long.
7. John has been smoking for five years.
8. The mechanic has been fixing my bike since morning.
9. I have been planning my holidays for one week.
10. He has been obeying the orders of his boss.
 PAST TENSE

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to express the actions that happened in the past or happened one after
the other. For example, The baby crawled.
Signal words

 Last night
 Yesterday
 Last Monday
 In 1998
 An hour ago
Structure / Formula

Subject + V2 + Object

I solved the sum

Subject Simple Past (V2) Object

Positive Sentences

See the structure to make affirmative/positive sentences.

Subject + Past(V2) + Object

Examples of positive sentences

 Julia made a sponge cake.

 He went to the hill station.
 Negative Sentences

We use ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + did + not + Base form (V1) + object.

Examples of negative sentences.

 Julia did not make a sponge cake.

 He did not go to the hill station.
Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Did + subject + base form (V1) + object +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Did Julia make a sponge cake?

 Did he go to the hill station?

Usage

USAGE EXAMPLES

Action that happened at definite time. She went to the park an hour ago.

Actions that happened one after the other. He ordered pizza. He received the pizza at home. He ate it.

The actions or states that finished in past. His mother used to wash his clothes.

Example Sentences
1. He drew the old man out of the ditch.

2. She used to wash clothes daily.

3. He wrote an interesting story.

4. The child completed his homework.

5. Did he live in this house?

6. His mother would wash clothes.

7. Did he write a letter?

8. We paid tribute to our national poet.

9. The boys recited the national anthem.

10. She did not sleep.

Exercise

1. He ______ not ______ a letter. (not write)

2. ______ we _____ the sum? (solve)
3. We _____ tribute to our national poet. (pay)
4. The boys _____ the national anthem. (recite)
5. They _____ my invitation. (accept)
6. _____ poor children _____ toys? (buy)
7. _____ he _____ the river? (swim)
8. He _____ badminton yesterday. (play)
9. The child’s mouth _____ on seeing the sweets. (water)
10. She ______ every challenge bravely. (face)
 Answers
1. He did not write a letter.
2. Did we solve the sum?
3. We paid tribute to our national poet.
4. The boys recited the national anthem.
5. They accepted my invitation.
6. Did poor children buy toys?
7. Did he swim the river?
8. He played badminton yesterday.
9. The child’s mouth watered on seeing the sweets.
10. She faced every challenge bravely.

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense expresses the actions or task that were ongoing in the past. We cannot
determine when the action started or finished. For example, When I was walking yesterday, it
started raining.
Signal Words

 when
 as long as
 while
 yesterday.
Structure / Formula

Subject + was/were + Present participle (-ing) form

He was Drawing a sketch.

Subject Auxiliary verb Present Participle(ing) object

Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, see the following formula.

Subject + was/were + Present participle (-ing) form

Examples of positive sentences

 He was traveling to Venice.

 She was eating a burger.

Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative

Subject + was/were + not + Present participle (-ing) form

Examples of negative sentences.

 He was not traveling to Venice.

 She was not eating a burger.

Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Was/were + Subject + Present participle (-ing) form +?

Examples of question sentences.

  Was he traveling to Venice?
 Was she eating a burger?

Usage

Usage Example

To express actions that were ongoing in past He was playing tennis yesterday.

Two or more ongoing past actions at the same time. He was watching movie while he was was eating chips.

Time expression He was driving car at 05:00 pm yesterday.

Example Sentences

1. He was drawing the old man out of the ditch.

2. He was writing an interesting story.

3. Was he living in this house?

4. I was not reciting the national anthem.

5. John was traveling to Venice.

6. She was driving the car.

7. They were eating mangoes.

8. The naughty boy was not teasing the old man.

9. Was the hero fighting with cannibals?

10. They were not signing the agreement.

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense indicates the finished or completed actions of the past. For example, I had
taken two doses of medicine before the fever vanished.
Signal Words

 before yesterday
 already
 when
 until that day
Structure / Formula

Subject + had + Past participle (v3)

He had traveled last year.

He/she/it /I/we/they had Past participle(V3)

Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, we use this structure,

Subject + had + Past participle (V3)

Examples of positive sentences

  The players had lost heart before the match finished.
 Chris had completed the assignment before he went to school.

Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + had + not + Past participle (V3)

Examples of negative sentences.

 The players had not lost heart before the match finished.

 Chris had not completed the assignment before he went to school.
Question Sentences

To make the question, ‘had’ come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end

Had + subject + Past participle (V3) +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Had the players lost heart before the match finished?

 Had Chris completed the assignment before he went to school?

Example Sentences

1. He had drawn the sketch of a map.

2. The match had finished when I reached the stadium.

3. Had she lived in this house?

4. I had not planted the flowers.

5. John had traveled to Venice until last month.

6. They had eaten mangoes.

7. The hero had not fought with cannibals.

8. He had read his favorite book before yesterday.

9. The players had lost heart before the match finished.

10. I had drafted my plan before I started work.

Exercise

1. The mechanic ________ my bike before I reached the workshop. (fix)

2. She _______ the marathon. (win)
3. He _______ all his money. (spend)
4. The queen _______ the golden crown. (wearr)
5. The old sailor _______ many oars. (utilize)
6. The student _______ many hours before the exam started. (study)
7. The farmer _______ wheat last year. (grow)
8. We _________ her yesterday. (visit)
9. The patient ________ consciousness before the doctor’s arrival. (regain)
10. I ________ my work before you came. (finish)

Answers

1. The mechanic had fixed my bike before I reached the workshop.

2. She had won the marathon.
3. He had spent all his money.
4. The Queen had worn the golden crown.
5. The old sailor had utilized many oars.
 6. The student had studied many hours before the exam started.
7. The farmer had grown wheat last year.
8. We had visited her yesterday. (visit)
9. The patient had regained consciousness before the doctor’s arrival.
10. I had finished my work before you came.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express the action that started in the past and
continued in the past for some time. It is also called Past Perfect Progressive Tense.
Signal Words

 for two hours,

 for ________
 All day
 since morning,
 since ______
Structure / Formula

Subject + had + been + Base form(+ing) + object + time reference

I had been travelling.

Base form of
Subject Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb verb+ing
Positive Sentences

To make the positive sentences, we use this structure,

Subject + had + been + Base form(+ing) + object + time reference

Examples of positive sentences

 He had been playing football for two hours.

  The child had been studying since morning.
 She had been drafting the plan for a meeting for two hours.
 I had been playing my favorite game.
 They had been working in this office since last year.
Negative Sentences

To make the sentence negative, we add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb.

Subject + had + not + been + Base form(+ing) + object + TR

Examples of negative sentences.

 The mechanic had not been fixing my bike since morning.

 He had not been reading his favorite book.
 She had not been planting for three hours.
 I had not been traveling.

Question Sentences

Auxiliary verb ‘had’ come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end.

Had + subject+ been + Base form(+ing) + object + T.R. +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Had he been studying book since morning?

 Had she been planting for two hours?
 Had they been traveling for two days?
 Had he been smoking since 2011?
Usage

Usage Example

Emphasis on duration of action or task that I had been learning French for two years before I went to
finished in past college.

He had been drafting a plan for two days before the

Time expressions (since, for, lately, how long) meeting.

Exercises

1. He (not, bath) in the rain since morning.

2. He (write) an interesting essay.
3. I (take) the dose of medicine for two days.
4. The farmer (plant) since morning.
5. I (learn) English.
6. The child (week) bitterly for one hour.
7. Rita (drive) the black car for five years.
8. The children (watch) the TV all day long.
9. John (smoke) for five years.
10. The mechanic (fix) my bike since morning.
11. I (plan) my holidays for one week.
12. He (obey) the orders of his boss.
Answers

1. He had not been bathing in the rain since morning.

2. He had been writing an interesting essay.
3. I had been taking the dose of medicine for two days.
4. The farmer had been planting since morning.
5. I had been learning English.
6. The child had been weeping bitterly for one hour.
7. Rita had been driving the black car for five years.
8. The children had been watching the TV all day long.
9. John had been smoking for five years.
10. The mechanic had been fixing my bike since morning.
11. I had been planning my holidays for one week.
12. He had been obeying the orders of his boss.
 FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense is used to express the actions in the future. These can be decisions,
assumptions or predictions, etc. For example, It will be summer soon.
Signal words

 tomorrow
 next month
 in a month
 next week
Structure / Formula

Positive Sentences

Use this structure to make affirmative sentences.

Subject + will + Base form(V1) + object

Examples of positive sentences

 Julia will complete her assignment.

 He will attend the meeting tomorrow.
 Negative Sentences

We use ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + will + not + Base form(V1) + object

Examples of negative sentences.

 Julia will not complete her assignment.

 He will not attend the meeting tomorrow.
Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Will + subject + Base form(V1) + object +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Will Julia complete her assignment?
 Will he attend the meeting tomorrow?
Usage

USAGE EXAMPLES

Used to express predictions about future. There will be next-generation robots in 2050.

To express future decisions. I will attend a meeting next Monday.

To express promise or offer. I will help you cook meal.

To express actions that are not in our control. It will be Sunday tomorrow.

Example Sentences

1. He will work to improve his communication skills.

 2. She will go to the market tomorrow.
3. John will buy a torch.
4. Shall I book a room for you?
5. She will be 10 years old next week.
6. They will go to the beach on the weekend.
7. He will adore her.
8. He will learn how to speak French.
9. I will travel around the world.
10. Will you marry me?
11. I will call you back later.
12. She will buy him a present.
13. My bike won’t start. I will fix it.
14. Will you help me with my homework?
15. What shall I do next?

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense expresses the action that will be ongoing at some time in the future. It
is also called future progressive tense. For example, I will be studying in this college.
Signal Words

 tomorrow morning
 in one year
 Next Monday
Structure / Formula

Positive Sentences

Subject + will be+ Present participle (-ing) form

Subject (I/he/she/it/we/they ) will be Present participle(-ing)+object

 Examples of positive sentences

 It will be raining all day tomorrow.

 She will be learning French.
Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + will + not + be+ Present participle (-ing) form Examples of negative sentences

 It will not be raining all day tomorrow.

 She will not be learning French.
Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Will + subject + be+ Present participle (-ing) form +? Examples of question sentences.

 Will it be raining all day tomorrow?

 Will she be learning French?

Usage

Usage Example

To express ongoing actions at a specific future time He will be playing football at 10:00 am tomorrow.

To express an action that will definitely happen in the future. He will be attending a webinar next Monday.

Time expression I will be watching TV later this evening.

Example Sentences

 He will be enjoying the holidays in December.

  She will be going to the market tomorrow.
 The children will be learning lessons in the classroom.
 I will be taking tea until 5 o’clock today.
 It will be storming tomorrow.
 When will the farmers be sowing crops?
 Will not he be driving the car?
 The passengers will be passing on the railway bridge.
 I will be traveling around the world next year.
 I shall be reading the book.
 I will be taking the exam next month.
 Nimra will be writing an interesting story.
 Peter will be running on the jogging track the next morning.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense is used to express the action that will be completed in future at some time.
For example, I will have studied the French language.
Signal Words

 by next year
 by the end of next month
Structure / Formula

Positive Sentences

Subject + will + have+ Past participle

Examples of positive sentences

 He will have locked the door.

 She will have studied the grammar rules.
Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.
 Subject + will + not + have+ Past participle

Examples of negative sentences.

 He will not have locked the door.

 She will not have studied the grammar rules.
Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.

Will + subject + have+ past participle +?

Examples of question sentences.

 Will he have locked the door?

 Will she have studied the grammar rules?
Usage

Usage Example

To express an action that will be completed before some stated

time in future. I will have taken tea by 7 o’clock.

They will not have finished their work

To show time expressions: by then, until. until then.

Example Sentences

 By the end of this year, I will have completed my degree.

 She will have gone to the market by 7 o’clock.
 The children will have studied grammar lessons.
 The farmers will have sown the crops.
 The passengers will have reached their destination.
 By the end of next month, I will have traveled to Venice.
 I will have taken the exam.
  Tom will have completed his degree before January begins.
 She will not have made this mistake.
 The rain will have stopped before we reach home.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future perfect continuous tense is used to express the ongoing action that will be completed in
future before a certain time. For example, I will have been studying in this college for one year.
Signal Words

 for the last two days

 all day long
 for the last three hours
Structure / Formula

Positive Sentences

Subject + will have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference

Examples of positive sentences

 It will have been raining all day long.

 She will have been learning French for two weeks.
Negative Sentences

We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

Subject + will + not + have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference

Examples of negative sentences.

 It will not have been raining all day long.

 She will not have been learning French for two weeks.
Question Sentences

To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
 Will + subject + have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference

Examples of question sentences.

 Will it have been raining all day long?

 Will she have been learning French for two weeks?
Usage

Usage Example

To emphasize the duration of some action that will be By the end of this year, I will have been
completed at some another point in the future. completing my graduation for two years.

I will have been watching TV for two hours by the

Time expression time he comes home.

Example Sentences

 He will have been enjoying the holidays.

 The children will have been learning lessons in the classroom for two hours.
 The farmers will have been sowing crops for one month.
 She will have been performing duties since 2017.
 I will have been traveling around the world for five years.
 Peter will have been solving the equation for two hours.
 I will have been enjoying the holidays by the end of this month.
 Jon will have been teaching English Grammar since morning.
 Our firm will have been making progress by leaps and bounds.
 He will have been wandering in the street since night.
 She will have been blogging for two years.
 The doctor will have been treating patients since 2018.