03/10/2020

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS
INTRODUCTION TO
WASTEWATER PHYSICAL

COLOR
TREATMENT ODOR
SOLIDS
TEMPERATURE

Urban water system

Urban region

Retention
Sewage
Rain-runoff process

Wastewater –
retention tank

Its Journey to Treatment and

Sewer system
distribution

Reservoir
Water

Retention tank
Sedimentation
CSO structure
Return to the Environment
Infiltration Overflow
Treatment
purification

WWTP

Clean water
Water

inflow

Sludge disposal

In-/Exfiltration
Receiving
Ground

water
water
 03/10/2020

Why treat wastewater? Levels of Treatment

• Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen (lower Primary

• function of sedimentation; Primary settling tank ; design principles; flow
DO levels of streams)
measurement; retention time, hydraulic loading; influent and effluent BOD;
influent and effluent TSS; effects of rising sludge; desludging; performance
• Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) to
efficiency.
cause excessive growth
Secondary
• Increases suspended solids or sediments in After primary treatment the wastewater still contains organic matter in
streams (turbidity increase) suspended, colloidal, and dissolved states. This matter should be removed
before discharging to receiving waters, to avoid interfering with
subsequent downstream users.

Secondary process
To tertiary process
From primary process

Levels of Treatment continued

Tertiary (advanced)
• anaerobic microbiological process with a different microbe where O2 is
toxic (more sludge)
NO3-  N2 (escapes to atmosphere)

• PO4-3 if not removed in sludge in secondary process

PO4-3 + Al +3  AlPO4 (s) (into sludge)

- aeration to strip N2 and re-oxygenate (add DO)

air Aeration Settling
diffuser and rapid collects sludge
mixing on bottom
 03/10/2020

Tertiary process
From secondary process

When the treatment is done…

add methanol as food source
• Effluent back to stream after

Effluent
• a final carbon filtration and
• chlorination/dechlorination
• Sludge – very nutrient rich
• applied directly to land as fertilizer
• incinerated (good fuel after drying)
Slow mixing Settling
to keep suspended and O2 collects sludge • composted
out on bottom

WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS

CHEMICAL
FATS/OILS/GREASE BIOLOGICAL ANIMALS
ORGANIC PESTICIDES
PROTEINS
SURFACTANT HELMINTHS
VOC’S

ALKALINITY WORMS
INORGANIC
CHLORIDES
HEAVY METALS
NITROGEN
POTASSIUM
PLANTS
PHOSPHORUS
SULFUR
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
PROTISTS
GASES METHANE
VIRUSES
OXYGEN
 03/10/2020

Aeration Basin Septic Tank Sewage Treatment Plant

Sewage is made to contact
Sludge Treatment  Produces a very polluting effluent which must  Produces a clean, non-polluting effluent which can
microorganisms which remove
Removed Sludge goesSludge Treatment be discharged only to a soak away for further be discharged directly to a stream ditch or other
most of the remaining organic treatment of the septic pollutants by the natural watercourse, or to a soak away for dispersal into
pollutants. to treatment Removed Sludge goes
Grit Chamber: aerobic soil bacteria. the soil.
to treatment
Most of BOD and TSS are removed
Removal of Particles Primary Sedimentation
that can be Settlement of Secondary  Do not require electricity for the process  require electricity for the process
detrimental to the particularly heavy Sedimentation  Can serve only one household  can serve more the one household
pumps (sand, grit). particles (FLOC) Further
Screening: Primary Reduction in Reduction of
Removal of BOD and TSS Return BOD
Sludge
and TSS  Do not require actual servicing  require actual servicing
Relatively Large Discharge to Receiving BodyInofthe maintenance of F/M ratio,  do not really treat the sewage but split it into liquid
Solids Water some of the sludge may be
effluent and solids  had a large surface area in contact with the air, so
Final effluent is discharged toreturned
the Chlorination some aerobic digestion took place

receiving water as long as it Chlorine is added  Require emptying at least once a year  Require emptying intervals between 3 to 60 months

adheres to the standards set by to disinfect the  effluent is highly polluting and is NOT allowed to be  Effluent can be discharge to a receiving body if it
effluent discharged to any watercourse will pass the requirements
DENR.

• Location of the project: Brgy. Pinsao Proper, Baguio City

Total Lot Area: Area = 18.50 hectares
Population as of 2010, P2010: P2010 = 5257 persons

Population Growth rate, r: r = 0.0256

Economic life of project: 20 years

DESIGN OF AN STP Start of Operation of project: year 2015

Termination or Closure of Project: Year 2035

Detention time, Td: Td=2hrs

Life span, n: n=25

Per Capita Sewage Contribution, PCSC:PCSC = 150L/day/person

 03/10/2020

INFILTRATION INFLOW, I/I

⁄
I/I = 0.2 × 18.5ℎ𝑎
.
I/I = 3.70 × ×
𝒄𝒖.𝒎
I/I = 13.32
𝒅𝒂𝒚
 03/10/2020

Ag =

DESIGN OF PRIMARY CLARIFIER

03/10/2020
 03/10/2020

Activated Secondary clarifier

sludge tank

Air, O2 Sedimentation Effluent

Nutrients

Bacteria

Return sludge Excess

sludge
03/10/2020
 03/10/2020

DESIGN OF SECONDARY CLARIFIER

03/10/2020
 03/10/2020

Using Mannings formula:

V= 𝑅 𝑆

V= ( ) 0.008
.

Q= AV
V=Q/A

V= (1496.82)/ ( 𝐷 )

(1496.82)(1/ (24x3600) / ( 𝐷 )= ( ) 0.008

.

D=0. 160m
Use: D=200mm