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Piping System Design Considerations

This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

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282 views29 pages

Piping System Design Considerations

This document discusses the mechanical design of piping systems. It covers topics such as wall thickness, pipe fittings, welded and flanged joints, screwed joints, pipe support, and pipe size selection. The key points are: 1. Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at low pressure. Pipe size selection involves considering factors like flow rate, pressure drop, fluid velocity, and cost. 2. Piping systems must be designed to avoid imposing unacceptable stresses on connected equipment. Loads from thermal expansion, weight, pressure drop, ancillary equipment, and vibration must be considered. 3. Flexibility is incorporated using bends, loops, expansion loops, and bellows to absorb thermal expansion in

Uploaded by

Ezekiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Mechanical Design of Piping Systems: Sets the context for the document discussing mechanical design principles applied to piping systems.
  • Wall Thickness and Pressure Calculations: Explains the calculations for wall thickness and introduces terms for determining pressure design thickness in piping.
  • Pipe Fittings: Focuses on the component structures that connect pipes, emphasizing different types of fittings.
  • Pipe Support and Load Factors: Describes the considerations for supporting pipe systems, such as loads derived from various operational factors.
  • Pipe Size Selection and Flow Considerations: Guides on the criteria and examples for selecting appropriate pipe sizing based on flow requirements and economic considerations.
  • Economic Pipe Design Considerations: Covers the financial aspects of pipe design, detailing cost calculations related to materials and installation.
  • Flow Equations and Optimization: Presents equations for optimizing the design and cost-effectiveness of piping systems, with information on flow dynamics.
  • Example Calculations for Pipe Design: Provides applied examples that illustrate how to calculate optimal pipe diameters under different conditions and parameters.

Mechanical Design of

Piping Systems
ChE 515
Wall Thickness
Schedule 40 pipe is commonly used for general purpose applications at
low pressure.
Example 5.5
Estimate the safe working pressure for a 4 in. (100 mm)
dia., schedule 40 pipe, SA53 carbon steel, butt-welded,
working temperature 100 ºC. The maximum allowable
stress for butt-welded steel pipe up to 120 ºC is 11,700 lb/
in (79.6 N/mm ).
2 2
Pipe Fittings
Flanged Joints
Welded and
Flanged Joints
Screwed
Joints
Pipe Support
Piping systems must be designed so as not to
impose unacceptable stresses on the
equipment to which they are connected.
Loads will arise from
1. Thermal expansion of the pipes and equipment;
2. The weight of the pipes, their contents,
insulation, and any ancillary equipment;
3. The reaction to the fluid pressure drop;
4. Loads imposed by the operation of ancillary
equipment, such as relief valves;
5. Vibration.
Thermal expansion is a major factor to be
considered in the design of piping
systems.

The reaction load due to pressure drop will


normally be negligible. The
dead-weight loads can be carried by properly
designed supports.
Flexibility is incorporated into piping systems to absorb the
thermal expansion.

A piping system will have a certain amount of flexibility due to


the bends and loops required by the layout.

If necessary, expansion loops, bellows, and other special


expansion devices can be used to take up expansion.
5.6. PIPE SIZE SELECTION
If the motive power to drive the fluid through the pipe is
available free—for instance, when pressure is let down from
one vessel to another or if there is sufficient head for gravity
flow—the smallest pipe diameter that gives the required flow
rate would normally be used.

If the fluid has to be pumped through the pipe, the size should
be selected to give the least total annualized cost.
Typical pipe velocities and allowable
pressure drops, which can be used to
estimate pipe sizes, are as follows:
Rase (1953) gives expressions for design
velocities in terms of the pipe diameter. His
expressions, converted to SI units, are:

where di is the internal diameter in mm.


The maximum velocity should be kept below that at which erosion is likely to
occur.

For gases and vapors, the velocity cannot exceed the critical velocity (sonic
velocity) and would normally be limited to 30% of the critical velocity.
Economic Pipe Diameter
The value of the constant B and the index n depend on the
pipe material and schedule.

where the factor F includes the cost of valves, fittings,


and erection for a typical run of the pipe.
for turbulent flow in clean commercial steel pipes will be used:
For small diameter carbon steel pipes
For small diameter carbon steel pipes

Because the exponent of the viscosity term is small, its value will change very little
over a wide range of viscosity:

A mean value of 0.8 can be substituted to the equation above.


Taking a mean value of 0.8 for 𝜇 gives the following equations for the optimum diameter
for turbulent flow:

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