Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 3

....................................................................... 5
Background .......................................................................................................................... 6
Geography ............................................................................................................................ 8
Population ............................................................................................................................. 8
Land Use .............................................................................................................................. 9
Rationale ............................................................................................................................. 10
Goal and Objectives.......................................................................................................... 11
............................................................................................................ 12
Potentials and Opportunities ........................................................................................... 13
Poverty Situation ............................................................................................................... 16
Historical Forest Cover of Palawan ................................................................................ 17
Current Forest Scenario and Extent of Cleared Forest ............................................... 18
Coral Reefs Situation ........................................................................................................ 24
Municipal Fishery Production .......................................................................................... 24
Mangroves Situation ......................................................................................................... 25
.................................................................................................................. 27
Timber Poaching ............................................................................................................... 28
Mangrove Debarking ........................................................................................................ 28
Charcoal Making for Fuelwood ....................................................................................... 29
Wildlife Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade .................................................................. 30
............................................................................................... 31
The Calamianes Experience ........................................................................................... 32
San Vicente, Palawan ...................................................................................................... 35
Roxas Pride Campaign .................................................................................................... 39
Puerto Princesa: A City in the Forest ............................................................................. 41
The Establishment and Management of Mount Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape (MMPL) ........................................................................................................... 45
Tubbataha Reefs National Park ...................................................................................... 50
Highlighting Partnership between Bataraza LGU and the Private Sector ................ 53
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary ....................................................................................... 56
The Gems of Balabac ....................................................................................................... 58
A Journey Towards “The Last Frontier’s” Sustainable Development ....................... 60
The NGO Network in Palawan ........................................................................................ 69

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The Province of Palawan ................................................................................................. 71
............................................................ 77
Strategic Directions of Palawan ...................................................................................... 78
Guiding Principles ............................................................................................................. 79
Project Strategies .............................................................................................................. 79
Biophysical fencing: Forestland boundary delineation .................................... 79
Revegetation and forest management through biodiversity-friendly
approaches ............................................................................................................. 82
Socio-economic Fencing through Livelihood Generation ............................... 83
Watershed management ...................................................................................... 83
.......................................................................................................... 95
Livelihood Needs Assessment ........................................................................................ 96
Enrichment Planting / Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) .................................... 97
Nursery Establishment ..................................................................................................... 99
Production Forest ............................................................................................................ 102
Goat Raising and Pasture Development ..................................................................... 103
Housing and Settlement ................................................................................................. 108
Forest Line Boundary Delineation and Demarcation/Primary Forest/Open and
Close Canopy .................................................................................................................. 111
Inventory of Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................ 113
Forest Protection and Law Enforcement ..................................................................... 113
Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Coastal Defense ..................................... 115
Mud Crab Culture ............................................................................................................ 118
Other Possible Interventions ......................................................................................... 120
... 127
Project Components ....................................................................................................... 128
Project Cost ...................................................................................................................... 133
Implementation Arrangement ........................................................................................ 133
...................................................................................................................................... 134

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

To reverse the long term decline of Palawan’s forest, an integrated natural resource
management project to enhance, protect and regenerate this natural treasure over
a period of ten (10) years is proposed. A total of around 34,200 hectares is
earmarked for reforestation, with 30,000 hectares (15,000ha for enrichment planting
and 15,000ha for production forests) for terrestrial forests, and 4,200 hectares of
mangrove forests. The project is envisioned to employ an integrated management
approach across several components, including forest ecosystem benchmarking,
revegetation, forest line boundary demarcation, livelihood and employment
generation, and integrated watershed management. The financing requirement will
come from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) with
counterpart from the local government units (LGUs) and key government agencies.
Civil society organizations (CSOs) shall assist in community organizing, and will
provide technical assistance in the project implementation. The DENR and the
Provincial Government of Palawan will enter into a memorandum of agreement
(MOA) for the project implementation.

The project will require a total of Php 25.4 billion for ten years, with majority of its
proposed budget allocated for revegetation (48.75% or Php 12.4 billion), housing
and settlement (21.86% or Php 5.56 billion) and livelihood and employment
generation (15.62% or Php 3.97 billion).

The priority watersheds supporting the 89 water systems established by the local
governments in the different municipalities will be the management units for
protection, enrichment and rehabilitation of Palawan’s forest. This is in line with the
DENR Secretary’s priority of saving and greening the country’s forests, and
ultimately improving the wellbeing of the majority of marginalized communities.

With the project, the forest cover of Palawan, constituting 10 percent of the country’s
forest cover, is projected to increase from 46% (692,000 ha) to 48% (726,200 ha).
It will be able to offset the current deforestation rate of 3,200 ha/year, and will
eventually resolve it. Because of enrichment planting, a total of 69,150 tons of CO2
per year will be sequestered by the 15,000 ha of forests. As a legitimate investment
that pays off in the long term, the project will greatly benefit the present and future
generations of Palawan people who will have the chance to enjoy the ecological
benefits from Palawan forests.

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Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Palawan Integrated Natural Resources Management Project
Proposal.

The project is likewise expected to have substantial reduction of poverty level and
improvement of poor socio-economic condition of communities in Palawan. Around
61,000 households (6.1% of Palawan population) from the upland and coastal
communities will directly benefit from the project through employment and livelihood
interventions. Such opportunities are expected to bring about substantial impact to
them, thereby weaning them away from destructive practices. A total of Php 37.1
billion net profits will be generated within the ten-year project duration across four
(4) livelihood interventions, namely: production forest, nursery operations, goat
raising and mud crab fattening. Finally, at project maturity, the Palawan Integrated
Natural Resources Management Project is expected to provide better quality of life,
with democratized patrimony and social services, propelled by highly educated,
healthy, productive, wealthy and happy citizenry living in peaceful and orderly
habitat, which will all contribute to bring about high gross domestic happiness (GDH)
for Palaweños.

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5|Page
Background
Palawan is better known as the Philippines’ “last ecological frontier” on account of
its uniqueness and natural features. It has high biodiversity and remaining intact
forest representing 46% of its total land area. As habitat of rich and diverse flora and
fauna, the province cradles more than 38% of the Philippines’ total wildlife species.
In terms of national importance, the province has 30 terrestrial and marine key
biodiversity areas (KBAs). Palawan is also a Man and Biosphere Reserve, as
declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO). Among the 10 protected areas in Palawan under the National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS), two were declared by UNESCO as World
Heritage sites, namely: the (1) Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
and the (2) Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park.

Figure 2. Ten (10) Protected Areas in Palawan under the National Integrated Protected Areas
System (NIPAS).

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Figure 3. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. Figure 4. Puerto Princesa Subterranean
River National Park.
The province is also considered as the
last stronghold of unique and rare species, most of which are endemic to Palawan.
In fact, out of 18 species of freshwater fish, 50% are endemic to the province. It is
habitat to 26 species of amphibians (25% endemic to the country), 69 species of
reptiles (29% are endemic to the country), 279 species of birds (10% are endemic
to the country), and 58 species of terrestrial mammals (19 or 33% are endemic to
the country, 16 are restricted to the Province). Of the 228 coastal and terrestrial Key
Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in the Philippines, 30 can be found in Palawan.

Figure 5. Some of the wild fauna found in Palawan.

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Geography
Palawan, the largest province in the country, has a land area of around 1.5 million
hectares, which is about 5% of the country’s 30 million ha land area. It is an
archipelagic province, and is composed of 1,768 islands or 16% of the Philippines’
1
7,100 islands . Situated in the southwestern part of the country’s island chain, the
2
main island of Palawan is 625 km long and 40 km at its widest . It covers 10% of the
country’s forest, 20% of the country’s mangrove assemblages, 2,000 km of
coastlines, and 9,800 square kilometers of coral reefs.

Figure 6. Aerial view of Palawan.

Population
From 1995 to 2010, Palawan’s population increased from 640,486 to 994,340, with
an average annual population growth rate of 2.66%. Segregating Puerto Princesa
City’s population from Palawan, its annual growth rate was recorded at 3.24% during
the same 15-year period. These rates were higher in comparison to the national

1
PCSDS (2015): State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and Biosphere
Reserve), Philippines. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines.
2
Ibid.

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 3
population growth rate of 1.9% per year. Excluding Puerto Princesa, the provincial
population density rose from 36 persons/sq.km. in 1995 to 53 persons/sq.km. in
2010. Despite this increase, Palawan’s population density is still lower than the
4
country’s 308 persons/sq.km. The projected collective population of Palawan and
5
Puerto Princesa will reach 1.1 million in 2014, as illustrated in Figure 7 below .
Further projections show that this combined population will reach 1.3 million in 2020.

6
Figure 7. Population Growth and Projected Population of Palawan and Puerto Princesa.

Land Use
In terms of land use, about 13% (188,518 ha) of the provincial area are used for
agriculture, with coconut, rice, cashew and banana as some of the most extensively
7
grown crops. On the other hand, approximately 50% (733,097 ha) of the total land
area are woodlands, of which 3% are classified as lowland (slope less than 8%), 9%
upland (slope less than 18%), 70% hilly land (slope greater than 18%, with elevation
less than 500 masl), and 18% highland (slope greater than 18%, with elevation
8
greater than 500 masl). The remaining 37% of Palawan’s land area comprises the

3
NSO, 2014, as cited in the State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and
Biosphere Reserve), Philippines.
4
PSA, 2015, as cited in the State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and
Biosphere Reserve), Philippines.
5
PPDO, as cited in the State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and Biosphere
Reserve), Philippines.
6
Ibid.
7
DA-PGP-BSWM. Land Use Assessment for Potential Agri-Environmental Development and Investment - Province
of Palawan. 2013.
8
Ibid.

9|Page
grasslands and shrublands (28.3%), wetlands (4.5%), and miscellaneous areas
(3.8%), which includes built-up areas, barren lands, quarry areas, bodies of water,
islets, and unsurveyed areas. Figure 8 illustrates the distribution of major land use
9
categories in Palawan for 2013 as follows.

10
Figure 8. Area (Ha.) Distribution of Major Land Use

Rationale
To reverse the long term decline of Palawan’s terrestrial and coastal forests, an
integrated natural resources management project is proposed to protect, enhance
and regenerate this natural treasure. The project is envisioned to employ an
integrated management approach, including forest ecosystem benchmarking,
revegetation, forest line boundary demarcation, livelihood generation, mangrove
rehabilitation, and integrated watershed management.

As a legitimate investment that pays off in the long term, the project will greatly
benefit the present and future generations of Palaweños who will have a chance to
enjoy the ecological benefits from Palawan’s forests. Moreover, the project is
expected to address high poverty level in the province by offering opportunities for
employment and livelihoods for poor communities who are resorting to destructive
practices for survival.

9
Ibid.
10
DA-PGP-BSWM. Land Use Assessment for Potential Agri-Environmental Development and Investment - Province
of Palawan. 2013.

10 | P a g e
Goal and Objectives
The project aims to protect, enhance and restore the forest ecosystems of Palawan
in order to secure the benefits and values they provide to society. With the project,
it is projected to increase Palawan’s forest cover from 46% (692,000 ha) to 48%
(725,000 ha).

The specific objectives are:

1. To revegetate Palawan’s terrestrial and mangrove forests;

2. To provide legal sources of lumber and fuel wood; and

3. To provide sustainable livelihoods and employment to poor communities

These objectives will be pursued through an integrated ecosystem management

(IEM) approach that pursues the objectives of the Strategic Environmental Plan
(SEP) for Palawan that include, among others: forest conservation and protection,
protection of watersheds, conservation of biological diversity, and assistance to
tribal communities. The outcome of these objectives is an improved wellbeing and
quality of life for the people of Palawan resulting to a high gross domestic happiness.

11 | P a g e
12 | P a g e
Potentials and Opportunities
Due to its unique features, natural attractions and rich cultural heritage, the province
is one of the top tourism destinations for both domestic and foreign tourists. In fact,
Palawan has citations from Travel + Leisure Magazine as the world’s most beautiful
island in 2013 and 2016; and from Condé Nast Traveler Magazine as the Top Island
in the World in 2014, and the Best Island in the World in 2015. Records showed that
11
tourist influx has increased from 128,370 in 2000 to 889,945 in 2014 , with an
average annual growth rate of 14.8%. Latest data indicates an increase from around
200,000 tourist arrivals to 1 million between 2005 and 2015. Aside from the two
UNESCO World Heritage sites, various tourist attractions can be found in Palawan,
such as the Tabon Caves (Quezon), Kayangan Lake (Coron), Port Barton (San
Vicente), El Nido Marine Reserve (El Nido), Calauit Wildlife Sanctuary (Busuanga),
and Long Beach (San Vicente), among others.

1 2 3

4 5 6

Figure 9. Tourist spots: (1) Tabon Caves, (2) Kayangan Lake, (3) Port Barton, (4) El Nido Marine
12
Reserve, (5) Calauit Wildlife Sanctuary, and (6) San Vicente Long Beach .

In addition, the province of Palawan has 11 out of the 12 forest formations in the
Philippines, which includes tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, tropical upper
montane rain forest, and tropical subalpine forest, among others. Based on various
studies, the extent of Palawan’s forests in 2010 (692,288 ha) can be conservatively
valued at Php 161 billion, consisting of regulating services (Php 111B), supporting

11
Provincial Tourism Office, 2015.
12
All images from: http://www.visitpalawan.info

13 | P a g e
services (Php 29B) and provisioning services (Php 21B) offered by the forest
ecosystems.

13
Figure 10. Forest Formations in Palawan .

Palawan is also one of the primary contributors to the fishery industry of the
14
Philippines. Its fishing grounds supply 65% of Manila’s fish consumption , and
15
contributed 5.6% to the total Philippine fishery production .

Figure 11. Coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus)16. Figure 12. Coral trout at a Palawan market.

13
Image source: Fernando et al. 2008. Forest Formations of the Philippines. ASEAN-Korea Environmental
Cooperation, Seoul, Korea. From: http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS//kyoto/mar2012_kc17/pdf/2-
7_kc17_philippines_donalban.pdf
14
BAS, 2012.
15
DA-BFAR, 2015.
16
Image source: www.marketmanila.com

14 | P a g e
Around 55% of extracted resources in Palawan are transported to other parts of the
country as well as exported to other countries. In a span of 5 years, Palawan exports
increased by 130%, from US$ 466 million in 2009 to US$ 1.07 billion (or Php 49
billion) in 2013. Malampaya gas field, a natural gas field located in the West
Philippine Sea, is estimated to have a total proven reserves of around 3.7 trillion
cubic feet (105 billion cubic meters) of natural gas and 85 million barrels of
condensate. Shell Philippines BV Exploration’s Malampaya Natural Gas Project
(MNGP) produces 380 million standard cubic feet of natural gas and a substantial
amount of condensate. From 2011 to 2014, the average annual production of
natural gas from MNGP was recorded at 4.5M MT, or an average daily production
of 12,586 MT.

Figure 13. Malampaya oil platform.

In 2014, among the major export earners in the province were Malampaya
Condensate (US$ 399,791,219), Nickel Cobalt (Mixed Sulfide) (US$ 290,461,219),
Nickel Ore (US$ 237,813,696), and Palawan Light Crude Oil (US$ 142,384,743).

The province is also rich in mineral resources, including nickel, copper, manganese,
nd
and chromite. It has the 2 largest nickel mine output, next to Caraga Region,
producing 7.86 million dry metric tons (DMT) in 2014. The hydrometallurgical
processing plant in Barangay Rio Tuba, Bataraza produced 41,661 DMT of mixed
sulphides of nickel and cobalt, valued at Php 11.23 billion in 2014. In the same year,
the nickel ore exports for direct shipping went to China, Japan, and Australia.

15 | P a g e
Poverty Situation

Figure 14. Poverty incidence in Palawan.

Despite its rich natural resources, the province is confronted with high poverty level.
Based on the 2014 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) census, about
61% of total households of 20 (out of 23) municipalities in Palawan have income
below the poverty threshold. About 46% of the total households of these
municipalities earn below the food threshold, 1.36% experience food shortage, and
7.63% are unemployed. Table 1 below shows the number of households earning
below the poverty threshold. It can be observed that the high poverty situation
among the majority of Palaweños affects the health condition, food security, and
livelihood of communities, encouraging them to seek alternative sources of income,
which leads some to illegal and destructive activities.

Table 1. Distribution of Households with Income below Poverty Threshold17

Municipality No. of Households with income Percentage

Households below poverty threshold
Quezon 3,966 3,310 83.5%
Linapacan 2,416 1,922 79.6%
Sofronio Española 5,202 3,780 72.7%
Agutaya 901 634 70.4%
Balabac 7,187 5,023 69.9%

17
Data summarized from CBMS Census, 2014.

16 | P a g e
 Municipality No. of Households with income Percentage
Households below poverty threshold
Bataraza 10,698 7,460 69.7%
Rizal 8,051 5,512 68.5%
Taytay 11,811 8,073 68.4%
Cagayancillo 294 194 66.0%
Araceli 2,866 1,774 61.9%
Roxas 2,994 1,808 60.4%
San Vicente 5,437 3,020 55.5%
Coron 4,865 2,677 55.0%
Cuyo 3,674 1,997 54.4%
Dumaran 3,467 1,741 50.2%
El Nido 7,851 3,891 49.6%
Busuanga 4,314 2,092 48.5%
Aborlan 7,308 3,420 46.8%
Magsaysay 2,434 905 37.2%
Narra 1,820 658 36.2%
Total 97,556 59,891 61.4%

Historical Forest Cover of Palawan

In 1946, Palawan forests are estimated at 1.3 million ha, accounting for around 91%
18
of the total land area of the province . In the 65-year period between 1946 and 2010,
Palawan forests have decreased by half, with an estimated 692,000 ha in 2010, of
19
which 64,000 are mangrove . Figure 15 below shows the devastating rate of
decrease of Palawan’s forest cover from 1983 to 2010. During this period, there is
a 6% loss of the total forest cover, at an average rate of 3,200 ha per year or 8.8 ha
20
of forest loss per day .

18
Barrera, A., F.G. Salazar, and A. Simon. 1960. Soil survey of Palawan Province, Philippines. With a discussion on
the chemical characteristics and fertilizer requirements of the soils of Palawan Province, by M.V. Tiangco, G.B.
Querijero, and E.A. Afaga. Soil Report 27. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
19
DENR-FMB. 2013. 2013 Philippine Forestry Statistics. http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/pdf/PFS/PFS2013.pdf
20
PCSD. 2010. State of the Environment 2009 Updates, Province of Palawan, Philippines. Puerto Princesa City.
Palawan Council for Sustainable Development.

17 | P a g e
 Deforestation Rate (ha/yr), 1946-2010
25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

-5,000

-10,000
1946 1979 1983 1992 1998 2005 2010

Figure 15. Deforestation rate (ha/yr) in Palawan, 1946-2010

Current Forest Scenario and Extent of Cleared Forest

During the summer of 2014 and 2015, aerial surveys conducted over mainland
Palawan showed an alarming extent of upland agriculture/kaingin practices in
mainland Palawan. A quick ocular assessment shows affected areas in the slopes
of hills and major mountain ranges (Mount Mantalingahan, Victoria Anepahan
Range, and the forests of Roxas, Taytay, and El Nido).

Through overlaying the various thematic maps of Palawan, as well as considering

the areas for settlements, the degraded forest areas were identified and mapped.
The following table shows the data produced from the overlay of maps for the
municipality of Bataraza, with the attributes (land cover, tenurial status, slope, land
classification, municipality, area, and position with respect to the proposed forest
lines). This metrics was used to determine the areas for production forests and
livelihood activities (south of the forest line) and the areas for rehabilitation (north of
the forest line), and can be used to determine similar needed data.

The maps for the aforementioned data, as well as the data for other municipalities
may be sourced from the PCSDS GIS Unit.

18 | P a g e
Table 2. Decision Matrix for the Map Overlay for the Municipality of Bataraza.
Forest line
OBJEC Land cover Tenurial Land Municip Area
/ Eco road Slope (%)
TID_1 2014 Status Classification ality (ha.)
position
5 South Open Forest CBFM 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 3
6 South Open Forest CBFM 18% - 36% Forestland BAT 2
9 South Open Forest CADC 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
10 South Open Forest CADC 0% - 3% Forestland BAT 3
13 South Open Forest CADC 3% - 8% Forestland BAT 15
14 South Open Forest CADC 0% - 3% Forestland BAT 7
15 South Wooded Open 0% - 3% Forestland BAT 8
grassland
17 South Wooded Open 0% - 3% UPF BAT 54
grassland
20 South Open Forest Open 50% and Forestland BAT 1
above
23 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 4
24 South Open Forest Open 18% - 36% Forestland BAT 6
25 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 2
27 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
32 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
33 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
34 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
36 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
37 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
38 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
39 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 3
40 South Open Forest Open 50% and Forestland BAT 4
above
41 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 3
43 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
46 South Open Forest Open 18% - 36% Forestland BAT 32
47 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 2
49 South Shrubs Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
50 South Shrubs Open 3% - 8% Forestland BAT 1
51 South Shrubs Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
29 South Open Forest Open 0% - 3% Forestland BAT 0
30 South Open Forest Open 3% - 8% Forestland BAT 0
31 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 0
32 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
33 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
34 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
35 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 0
36 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
37 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1

19 | P a g e
 Forest line
OBJEC Land cover Tenurial Land Municip Area
/ Eco road Slope (%)
TID_1 2014 Status Classification ality (ha.)
position
38 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
39 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 3
40 South Open Forest Open 50% and Forestland BAT 4
above
41 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 3
42 South Open Forest Open 3% - 8% Forestland BAT 0
43 South Open Forest Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 1
44 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 0
45 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 0
46 South Open Forest Open 18% - 36% Forestland BAT 32
47 South Open Forest Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 2
48 South Shrubs Open 36% - 50% Forestland BAT 0
49 South Shrubs Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1
50 South Shrubs Open 3% - 8% Forestland BAT 1
51 South Shrubs Open 8% - 18% Forestland BAT 1

Through the overlay of the said thematic maps, the following map (Figure 16) was
produced, and shows the potential areas for reforestation and rehabilitation,
highlighted in yellow, and the areas for settlement as highlighted in blue. The map
presents forest blocks of Palawan containing intact and cleared forests.

20 | P a g e
Figure 16. Forest blocks of Palawan containing intact and cleared forests.
21 | P a g e
Table 3 below shows the extent of cleared forests per municipality/city that are
candidate areas for restoration and construction of perimeter forest line around the
forest block. The biggest areas for forest rehabilitation are located in the
municipalities of Rizal (29,773 ha), Roxas (25,221 ha) and Taytay (18,378 ha). The
municipalities with least areas for rehabilitation include El Nido (4,338 ha), Aborlan
(4,799 ha) and Dumaran (5,380 ha).

Table 3. Extent of Cleared Forests by Municipality/City Recommended for Rehabilitation.

Municipality Existing Settlement Potential Ratio of Proposed

Forest (ha) Areas (ha) Areas for Potential Areas for Forest Line /
Reforestation Reforestation to Eco road
(ha) Existing Forest (%) (km)
Aborlan 42,619.00 980 4,799 11% 41.00
Bataraza 14,252.00 559 6,206 44% 74.00
Brooke's Point 24,414.00 432 9,944 41% 58.00
Dumaran 20,439.00 2,231 5,380 26% 24.00
El Nido 19,137.00 265 4,338 23% 138.00
Sofronio 7,262.00 3,047 7,988 110% 54.00
Española
Narra 33,020.00 1,491 7,261 22% 78.00
Puerto Princesa 142,128.00 2,373 15,965 11% 235.00
City
Quezon 39,958.00 3,180 11,146 28% 140.00
Rizal 53,729.00 8,588 29,773 55% 167.00
Roxas 44,067.00 3,033 25,221 57% 144.00
San Vicente 46,753.00 1,016 9,553 20% 178.00
Taytay 68,695.00 6,358 18,378 27% 224.00
TOTAL 556,473.00 33,553 155,952 28% 1,555.00

Based on the figures shown in Table 3, a total of 155,952 ha as a result of kaingin

and other upland activities are potential for reforestation. The following figures show
the aerial view of some of the deforested areas in the province.

22 | P a g e
Figure 17. Aerial shot of a cleared forest in Northern Palawan.

Figure 18. Aerial shot of a cleared forest in Southern Palawan.

23 | P a g e
Coral Reefs Situation
Sprawled beneath the seas of Palawan are 9,800 sq. km. of coral reefs, representing
33% of the country’s coral reefs (30,000 sq.km.). Based on the 2014 data, only 2.1%
of Palawan’s live coral cover was in excellent condition, showing a decline from the
21
reported 3.7% excellent coral a decade ago in 2004 . Meanwhile, 46.5% are found
22
in good to very good condition, while the rest (51.4%) are in fair to poor condition .
Figure 19 shows the condition of live coral in 2014.

23
Figure 19. Live coral cover condition of Palawan, 2014 .

Municipal Fishery Production

Meanwhile, current estimated production from Palawan’s municipal reef fisheries
amounts to Php 75 million, as shown in Table 4. Due to the deteriorating reef
condition, the potentials in terms of fishery benefits are compromised and therefore
not maximized.

21
PCSDS (2015): State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and Biosphere
Reserve), Philippines. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines.
22
Ibid.
23
Ibid.

24 | P a g e
Table 4. Current Estimated Palawan Municipal Reef Fisheries Production24

Coral Reef Sites Percentage Area (ha) Fish Average

Production Production
(kg/yr) (kg/ha/yr.)
Poor (1-24.9%) 36.74 360,052 10,801,560 30
Fair (25-49.9%) 35.64 349,272 27,941,760 80
Good (50-74.9) 25.97 254,506 33,085,780 130
Excellent (75-100%) 1.66 16,268 2,928,240 180
Total 100.00 980,000.00 74,757,340 76.283

For instance, only 30 kg/ha/year could be derived from poor (1-24.9%) coral reefs
and 80 kg/ha/year for fair (25-49.9%), as compared to 130 kg/ha/year for corals with
good condition, and a high 180 kg/ha/year for corals with excellent (75-100%)
condition. On the average only 76.283 kg/ha/year could be produced as a result of
deteriorating coral condition.

Mangroves Situation
Palawan’s mangrove cover was considered as the highest in the country in 2000,
25
representing about 22% of the total mangrove ecosystems of the Philippines .
Mangrove forests of the province have increased from 3.5% (50,602 ha) in 1992 to
26
4.4% (63,532 ha) in 2010, at a rate of around 700 ha per year . Palawan is also rich
in mangrove biodiversity, with 23 species (belonging to 11 families) recorded in
Palawan. This accounts for 82% of the 28 true mangrove species (under 19 families)
in the Philippines. Municipalities with noticeable increase (greater than 1,000 ha) in
mangrove forests since 1998 are: Bataraza, Culion, Roxas, and Taytay.

24
McAllister, 1988, as cited in Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Rehabilitation Program (CMERP), 2017-2028.
25
Long J. B. and Giri C, 2011
26
PCSDS (2015): State of the Environment 2015 Updates, Province of Palawan (UNESCO Man and Biosphere
Reserve), Philippines. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines.

25 | P a g e
 Figure 20. Mangrove forest in Barangay Isugod, Quezon, Palawan.

While overall mangrove forests of Palawan have expanded, reduction in mangrove

forests were observed in some municipalities, including Dumaran, Sofronio
Española, Quezon, San Vicente, and Rizal. This can be attributed to local demand
for economic benefits from mangrove, which can be used as fuel wood and housing
materials and in fabricating fishing implements. Conversion of mangrove areas for
fishpond development, saltponds and settlements has greatly contributed to the loss
of mangrove forests. This is further fuelled by the demand for charcoal for cooking,
especially by restaurants and tourism establishments, as well as the increasing
demand for tanbarks for dyeing and tanning purposes.

26 | P a g e
27 | P a g e
Timber Poaching

Due to its rich natural resources and to high poverty, Palawan is vulnerable to
destructive activities and practices, including illegal cutting of trees in the upland
and coastal areas, as well as debarking of mangroves. As stipulated in Section 77
of the Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines, cutting, gathering and/or collecting
of timber or other products without license is illegal. However, such activities
continue to devastate terrestrial and coastal forests over the years, mainly due to
the immediate income derived from the aforementioned activities. From 2010 to
2016, a total of 218,732 board feet of lumber were confiscated by the PCSD and its
partner agencies from violators across the province.

Figure 21. Enforcement team carrying a seized timber. Figure 22. Confiscated timber loaded
for transport.

Mangrove Debarking

Among the several uses of mangroves, its tanbarks are extracted from the trunk,
which are traded for use in dyeing and tanning. On the other hand, bark extracts are
used to preserve nets and sails from decay. These entail a high demand for
mangrove tanbarks, which results to continuous extraction of the said resource,
contributing to loss of mangrove trees. From 2010 to June 2016, 2,872 sacks of
mangrove tanbarks were seized or recovered by the joint efforts of PCSD and other
enforcement authorities.

28 | P a g e
Figure 23. Mangrove tanbarks. Figure 24. Abandoned mangrove tanbarks recovered.

Charcoal Making for Fuelwood

Another challenge the province is currently facing is the continuous cutting of upland
and mangrove forest trees for production of charcoal. The high demand for charcoal
in restaurants and tourist establishments prompts the continuous and extensive
cutting of mangrove trees for this purpose.

Figure 25. Area used for charcoal making in Port Barton, San Vicente, Palawan.27

27
Image source: http://www.palawan-philippines.com/port-barton-palawan.html

29 | P a g e
Wildlife Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade

With the unrelenting illegal trade in wildlife, the exploitation of Palawan’s wildlife
resources continues. Pangolin, talking mynahs, blue-naped parrots, marine turtles,
freshwater turtles, edible bird’s nests, and shells are just some of the commonly
traded wildlife, wildlife derivatives, and wildlife by-products in the province. In just a
span of six years (2010-present), a total of 35,353 wildlife (heads, by-products,
derivatives and pieces) were confiscated by the PCSD Enforcement Team and
partner agencies. Of the 356 individuals arrested and/or were filed with complaints
by the enforcement authorities, around 64% are Filipino (246), indicating that
majority of the offenders are local people.

Figure 26. Confiscated hill mynah bird. Figure 27. Confiscated freshwater turtles.

Figure 28. Pieces of sharks seized at Puerto Figure 29. One of the 19 Pangolin confiscated at
Princesa seaport. Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City.

30 | P a g e
31 | P a g e
The Calamianes Experience
The Calamianes Islands in northern Palawan show off magnificent seascapes and
diving sites, as well as varied cultural and historical attractions. It was also one of
the major fishing grounds in the country since most Philippine coastal areas are
overfished. Overfishing has led to smaller fish, decrease in fish abundance, and
lower fish catch and incomes of fishers. And yet, fisheries remain very important to
the Philippine economy, particularly to impoverished communities that depend on
marginal fishing for livelihood. Thus, projects have been implemented in this part of
Palawan for improved fisheries.

Northern Palawan Fisheries

Development Project

In 1979, the Northern Palawan

Fisheries Development Project was
formulated under a joint technical
assistance with FAO’s Investment
Center and funded by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) which
aimed to improve the use of domestic
fish resources, modernize marketing
practices and raise incomes of small
fishermen in an outlying and isolated
region. The project have optimized
production of under fished areas,
prevented wastage in the utilization of
fish, improved the economic returns
to fishermen by linking them to stable
markets, and upgraded fishing
technology in the Project area.
Figure 30. Project site of the Northern
Palawan Fisheries Development Project.

An increase in 22% of the monthly household cash earnings resulted from this
project from its completion in January 31, 1989.

32 | P a g e
Fisheries Improved for Sustainable Harvest

The FISH (Fisheries for Improved

Sustainable Harvest) Project was
a seven-year (2003-2010)
technical assistance project
funded by the United States
Agency for International
Development (USAID) and
implemented in partnership with
the Department of Agriculture-
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (DA-BFAR), other
national government agencies, Figure 31. The FISH Project Team during field work.
local government units and non-
governmental and other assisting organizations.

Notable results of the FISH Project in the Calamianes are the improved local coastal
resources management and fisheries governance wherein all four (4) Calamian
LGUs adopted the fishery registration and licensing and implemented the coding
system for municipal fishing boats; the assistance to existing and establishment of
new MPAs; the development of municipal CRM plans and the Calamianes
Integrated Fisheries Management Plan. Combined, the four LGUs’ total investments
in CRM and CRM-related activities increased more than 200% from Php 400,000.00
at the start of FISH in 2004 to Php 1.26 million in 2009.

Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH) Project

To build on the progress made under the FISH Project (2004-2010), a five-year
(2012-2017) ECOFISH Project is currently being implemented toward conserving
marine biodiversity, enhancing ecosystem productivity and improving fisheries and
related livelihoods. This is in line with the vision of the country’s inclusive growth
and to support the shared objective of the Philippine Government and the U.S.
Government to produce transformative impact through their Partnership for Growth
program.

Expected Results of this project is: 10% increase in fish biomass; 10% increase in
number of people gaining employment or better employment from
sustainable fisheries management; increase in municipal marine waters

33 | P a g e
under improved management; LGUs improved capacity for implementing EAFM;
and public-private partnerships supporting the objectives of ECOFISH.

Figure 32. Meeting regarding the ECOFISH Project.

Figure 33. Workshop on ECOFISH.

34 | P a g e
San Vicente, Palawan
Sacrificing Business for SEP

It could be recalled that when the SEP bill is making its way at the Senate, the SEP
could not have been legislated if not for the insertion of total commercial logging
ban as proposed by former
Senator Orly Mercado. During
that time, the authors of SEP bill at
the House of Representatives
Speaker Ramon V. Mitra and
Congressman David A. Ponce de
Leon together with then PIADPO
Executive Director Roland F.
Rodriguez had to lobby with Jose
Ch. Alvarez, owner of the
Pagdanan Logging Company , the Figure 34. Aerial view of San Vicente.
largest logging firm in the province
and now Governor of Palawan Jose Ch. Alvarez to wrap up his logging operation
With his understanding on how the proposed bill could benefit Palawan, he
voluntarily gave up his logging
business for SEP, the landmark
legislation for sustainable
development of Palawan. The
silted-up estuaries remain to
remind people of San Vicente of its
past and yet the essential wildlife
habitat has been preserved, To
date, despite its beginnings as a
logging town, San Vicente has
maintained its forest cover at 77%.

Pioneer in SEP Implementation Figure 35. Meeting at the Municipality of San

Vicente.
The municipality of San Vicente led
all other municipalities in SEP implementation by preparing and adopting their
ECAN map, and establishment of a communal forest, and the first to obtain PCSD’s
approval for both. After coming up with the ECAN Zones Map, the LGU
commissioned Environmental Systems Group to craft a Comprehensive

35 | P a g e
Development Plan for the municipality. These achievements came about as a result
of the SEP San Vicente Project, which then Mayor Alvarez created on April 3, 1993.
The Project seeks to promote the self-sustaining development of San Vicente’s
fishers, farmers, and forest dwellers. It also recognizes the stakeholders’ role as
managers of the town’s natural resources. The project is based on the idea that if
people are given the means to be self-sufficient, then there will be no need for
external financial assistances and local communities will become self-reliant.

A Model CRMA

As advocate of sustainable development, then Mayor Antonio C. Alvarez during his

second term as mayor of San Vicente heard about a community-based project in
Central Visayas in managing, protecting and guarding their coastal resources. At
that time, Jeffrey Walters, a US Peace Corps, asked his aunt-in-law who was a
PCSD Staff about a possible site for piloting a USAID-funded Coastal Resources
Management Project in Palawan. As San Vicente was the most interested
municipality in adopting the SEP, she suggested the municipality to be the pilot site.
Thus, San Vicente became one of the six learning areas of the Coastal Resource
Management Project (CRMP) as a result of the pioneering efforts of the local
officials in environmental protection.

As early as 1997, participatory coastal resource assessment (PCRA) was

undertaken. The PCRA team in San Vicente took guidance from a handbook
(Walters et al, 1998). Using the PCRA process, a multi-agency team composed of
the San Vicente Technical Assistance Office, CRMP, environmental media group
Bandillo ng Palawan, Coastal, Ocean Reef and Island Advisors, Ltd. (CORIAL) of
Hawaii, and Peace Corps Philippines contributed to data collection.

PCRA is the first step towards the management and protection of coastal resources.
It is a process that values the views, opinions and knowledge of coastal resource
users, comprising interview of community partners, habitat assessment and
mapping.

The community was trained in planning, monitoring and managing their resources
using holistic and integrated approach covering a diverse set of project activities
designed to bring about Zonation and Mapping of Port Barton, Territorial Waters,
(applying the PCSD Guidelines for Tourism and Tourism Related Establishments),
formulation of CRMP Development Plan, seen as effective management of coastal
resources. Their resources and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas
namely: the Port Barton Marine Park and the Albaguen Fish Sanctuary.

36 | P a g e
The strict protection and management of the resources within the Marine Park was
sustained by both the LGU and the community, thus attracting influx of tourists to
the area, thereby making the local economy increasingly vibrant. In fact, tourist
arrival increased from 3,842 to 10,363 within the 5-year period from 2009-2014
(Tourism Statistics, 2014)

Ecotown Demonstration Site

Considering the municipality’s high forest cover vis-a-vis its total land area
registered at 77%, the Climate Change Commission selected San Vicente as its
Ecotown pilot area. In support to this, the CCC secured SEP Clearance from the
Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) in 2013.

Figure 36. One of San Vicente's beautiful coasts.

This initiative was within the framework of the National Climate Change Action Plan
(NCCAP), formulated pursuant to R.A. No. 9729 otherwise known as the Climate
Change Act of 2009. The objective is to enhance the adaptive capacity of the local
community to deal with climate change impacts and revise the local development
plans in a way that empowers local government units to implement climate change
adaptation measures as the new growth engines.

The project is continuously active and completed the following: Vulnerability

Assessment (Coastal and Marine, Agriculture, Health, Socio-economic

37 | P a g e
Assessment, Flood Hazard Assessment) and Natural Resources Accounting
(Forestry and Environment and Natural Resources Accounting).

Recently, in another serious move to properly manage and utilize the natural
resources, San Vicente meticulously drafted the Tourism Master Plan over the
ECAN Map together with PALAFOX Architectural Firm. The Master Plan covered
the Long Beach Area of San Vicente (comprising Barangays New Agutaya, San
Isidro and Alimanguan) as one of the first Flagship Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZ)
of the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) wherein zoning
and management strategies are being put into place.

38 | P a g e
Roxas Pride Campaign
The Roxas Pride Campaign is an environmental and social marketing campaign of
the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff in partnership with the local
government unit of Roxas, Palawan and RARE, an international non-government
organization based in Arlington, Virginia, USA.

The campaign was implemented in the municipality of Roxas. The municipality is

composed of 31 barangays where 18 barangays are coastal and 2 are island
barangays, and fishing is considered as the major source of livelihood. There are
14 MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) in Roxas with the Caramay MPA as focal site.

The Caramay MPA has 3 core

zones including mangroves,
seagrass and coral reefs
which are habitats of the
economically important green
groupers, the endangered
dugong, and high-priced
lobsters. With threats such as
illegal fishing practices within
and around the MPA, the
Roxas Pride Campaign aimed
to change the behavior of
fishers to use the right gears
or fishing methods at the right Figure 37. Elementary students with the Roxas Pride Campaign
Mascot.
place in the MPA. The
campaign is also geared towards the achievements of conservation results that is
more healthy corals and increase the number of fish in the Caramay MPA.

The campaign is based upon the Theory of Change, a specific and measurable
description of a social change initiative that forms the basis for strategic planning,
on-going decision-making, and evaluation. RARE uses this tool to clearly articulate
how shifting behaviors and social norms will reduce threats to biodiversity, set
targets and measure success, provide a roadmap for cohort execution, and to
ensure strategic alignment among all cohort stakeholders. The Theory of Change
model has been used for more than 20 years by multiple disciplines, but has been
adapted by RARE to better link social change to biodiversity threat reduction.

39 | P a g e
With the use of campaign
messages, mascots,
billboards, social media,
community orientations,
barangay assemblies,
community events to raise
awareness about the MPA
and strengthening the
management structure of
the Caramay MPA,
significant results were
observed in terms of Figure 38. Participants during one of the campaigns.
increase of Knowledge,
Attitude and Practices (KAP) of fishers from 2012 baselines to 2014 post campaign
survey. Parallel to this increase is also the biophysical increase of coral cover from
20.6% in 2012 to 29.9% in 2014 and an increase in fish biomass from 14.7 MT
2 2
(Metric Tonnes)/km in 2012 to 35.5 MT/km in 2014.

Moreover, thirteen other barangays adopted best practices in Caramay, thereby

increasing the total MPAs of Roxas to 14 or about 78% of its total coastal barangays.

Figure 39. Campaign at the Caramay Marine Protected Area (MPA) Monitoring Station.

40 | P a g e
Puerto Princesa: A City in the Forest
Puerto Princesa was first established as a city in 1970, until recently, the City was
converted as a Highly Urbanized City through Proclamation No. 1264, signed in
2007. The city has been a recipient of numerous awards including the Award of
Excellence as Cleanest and Greenest Component City of the Philippines, Cleanest
and Greenest City in Region IV, Environmental Excellence Award, Global 500 Roll
of Honor Award by UNDP, Hall of Fame Award from Clean and Green Program,
from Asian Institute of Management, from Regional Clean and Green, and the First
Carbon Neutral City, to name a few.

Puerto Princesa has a total land area of 253,982 hectares stretched over 106
kilometers, making it the country’s largest city. It has 66 barangays, majority of
which are rural settlements scattered in underdeveloped land. The city’s population
is about 222,673 as of the 2010 Census of Population and Housing of the National
Statistics Office. Most of those in the rural barangays engaged in agriculture and
fishing. A third of the population resides in the city proper, an urbanized settlement
on the shores of Puerto Princesa Bay.

Puerto Princesa has maintained its ambience as frontier city given the rich natural
resources and highly diverse flora and fauna found in both land and sea. The City
has the largest forest cover in the country and endowed with one of the healthiest
coral reef covers which make it an ecological paradise destination of choice of local
and foreign tourists alike.

Today, the City is envisioning itself as a city where man and nature can co-exist in
balance and harmony. The City and its people has initiated planting more than two
million trees, increasing the forest cover of the city from 40% to 70% with an
expected annual growth of 100,000 seedlings expected to be planted.

While nestled in an island province, Puerto Princesa now prides itself with the most
progressive ecotourism destinations in the country, armed with an environment that
is protected and cared by the people.

Puerto Princesa Underground River (PPUR)

The Puerto Princesa Underground River is one of the most important protected
areas of the Philippines. It contains a full mountain to the sea ecosystem and
protected forests, which are among the most significant in Asia. As such, it
represents significant habitat that are important for biodiversity conservation. PPUR

41 | P a g e
has the distinction of being the first national park devolved and successfully
managed by a Local Government Unit. It is managed by the City thru a Protected
Area Management Board (PAMB), multi-sector body that provides policy direction
and other oversight functions. Hence, it is a model for effective protected area
management and sustainable tourism in the Philippines.

28
Figure 40. Inside of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park .

PPUR was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and recently declared
as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature. Apart from being a real wonder, the Puerto
Princesa Underground River is sure to attract more tourists to the city, and create
more jobs not only for Puerto Princesa but for the whole country.

PPUR is certainly a source of pride, and a key element in the identity of the people
of Puerto Princesa in particular, and of the Philippines as a whole. The conservation
of the Park is a symbol of commitment by the Filipino people in the global efforts to
conserve our natural heritage.

Community Based Sustainable Tourism

Ecotourism is definitely Puerto Princesa City’s distinct advantage over the rest. The
City is very rich in both flora and fauna. Mangroves are found mostly in the outskirts
of the city, and lush foliage can be seen in rainforests and mountains. Different
species of fishes are abundant in the reefs surrounding the island. While a variety
of bird species, both local and migratory, can be seen in some places.

28
Photo from: http://www.vietnamwonder.com/2014/03/puerto-princesa-subterranean-river.html

42 | P a g e
With the nature as its basic tourism product, ecotourism is undoubtedly the key to
the city’s sustainable development. At present, there are several community based
ecotourism projects managed by the organized communities offering nature
experience for visitors in the outskirts of the City proper, such as:

The Ugong Rock

Ugong Rock is another point of interest in the visit to PPUR. The thrill starts off as
one’s ascend to the summit of Ugong Rock for the splendid views of karst mountains
and paddy field surrounding Barangay Tagabinet. The adventure offered is taking
an exciting plunge from the top down through a zipline which has great view of the
seascape underneath.

29
Figure 41. Ugong Rock in Puerto Princesa City .

A segue from Ugong Rock is 45-minute boat ride into Sabang River and its century
old mangroves. The mangrove river ride provides another experience and learning
from the trained community tour guides. This is another ecotourism project handled
by the community in the area.

Pambato Reef

The Pambato Reef was developed as the snorkeling site being offered as part of
the ecotourism activities within Honda Bay. The importance of marine and reef
ecology in relation to the conservation of nearby ecosystems covers the short

29
Photo from: http://tourism.puertoprincesa.ph/

43 | P a g e
lecture conducted for tourists at the turtle-shaped “School by the Sea” platform by
the boatman as guides.

Figure 42. Pambato Reef, Honda Bay, Puerto Figure 43. A closer look at the Pambato
Princesa. Reefs.

Firefly Watching

The firefly watching is operated by Iwahig Community Ecotourism Association.

Visitors are provided with a paddle boat ride offering an experience of the
fascinating sight of myriad colonies of fireflies illuminating the riverbanks of Iwahig
River at night. The presence of fireflies signify a healthy natural environment of a
river ecosystem with pure unpolluted atmosphere wherein you can breathe the
freshest air. This community based project has been a recipient of a Gold PATA
Award for ecotourism.

Figure 44. Firefly watching.

44 | P a g e
The Establishment and Management of Mount Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape (MMPL)
Overall Progress

On June 23, 2009, the President of the Republic of the Philippines signed
Proclamation 1815, which officially created the 120,000-hectare Mt. Mantalingahan
Protected Landscape (MMPL). This was achieved after complying with the various
legal steps prescribed under the National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) Act of the Republic of the Philippines. The scientific studies, stakeholder
engagements and other relevant activities towards designating Mt. Mantalingahan
as protected area were facilitated by Conservation International Philippines (CIP)
with consistent support from CI’s Global Conservation Fund (GCF) since 2004.

Figure 45. The Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape.

MMPL is one of CI’s models of collaborative planning for protected area design and
management in an area that features several key elements that are highly relevant
to CI’s strategy towards healthy and sustainable society. As a Category V site under
the IUCN and Philippines NIPAS classifications, the protected area is being
managed for both its biological and cultural resources. From its outset, the project
has hinged upon highlighting the importance of the ecosystem services provided by

45 | P a g e
Mt. Mantalingahan to local stakeholders, particularly local resource users who
consist mainly of indigenous peoples and poor subsistence farmers.

In partnership with major stakeholders, CI-Philippines has actively worked and is

still actively working to maintain the ecological processes in MMPL through the
development and implementation of an integrated plan to effectively manage
watersheds, ancestral domains, and community-conserved areas and by securing
long-term, stable financing. Consistent with the SEP for Palawan, it is worth to note
that the Community-based ECAN Planning Manual was the tool used during the
planning process.

In October 2016, the

endowment fund for MMPL
was launched, making it
the first protected area in
the country with an
endowment scheme.
Established by CI’s Global
Conservation Fund (GCF),
the fund ensures
conservation efforts can
continue in perpetuity.

Figure 46. Location of Mt. Mantalingahan Protected

Landscape.

Gazettement Process

The gazettement process began in 2004 and it took 5 years to have the presidential
proclamation signed. The NIPAS steps require various levels of stakeholder
consultations and public hearing to ensure stakeholder support to the proposed
protected area.

Stakeholder engagements are complemented by scientific studies which include

biological surveys, land-use analysis and economic valuation of the ecosystem
goods and services. The biological surveys across the elevational gradient of
Mantalingahan resulted to at least 16 new species records of flora and fauna. The

46 | P a g e
total economic valuation study concluded that the ecosystem services provided by
the Mt. Mantalingahan Range are estimated at US$ 5.6 billion.

As of 2013, the boundaries were validated by the National Mapping and Resource
Information Authority of the Department of Environment and Natural resources
(DENR).

Ultimately, in support to the legislation of MMPL as the remaining step, two house
th th
bills were deliberated during the 14 and 15 Congress. However, both bills never
made it to the Senate.

The Protected Area Management Board

After the presidential proclamation of MMPL in June 2009, the project advanced
towards establishing the management framework, constituting a functional
Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) and building the local capacity to
ensure good management of MMPL over the long-term.

The PAMB as required under Section 12.2 of the NIPAS implementing rules and
regulations should be composed of relevant national government agencies, the
municipal and barangay local governments with jurisdiction over the protected area,
one representative from each tribal community within the protected area and at least
3 but not more than 5 representatives from local non-government organizations and
community organizations, including people's organizations, church or civic
organizations and the academe. The local government representation which
included 2 provincial government representatives, 5 municipal mayors and 36
barangay chairpersons resulted to a quite big management body. Despite the limits
in the number of civil society representatives stipulated in the law, the DENR
recognized the need for other relevant sectors including women’s group and the
youth. Hence, the following is the current composition of MMPL PAMB.

Table 5. MMPL PAMB Membership.

Agency/Sector Male Female

National government agencies 7 1
Provincial government departments 2 1
Municipal government 4 1
Barangay government 33 3
Indigenous peoples 5

47 | P a g e
Agency/Sector Male Female
Non-government organization 1 1
Peoples’ organization 2
Church 1 1
Business 1 1
Academe 2
Youth 1 1
Women 2
Total 57 14 71

The MMPL PAMB was formally recognized and affirmed by the Secretary of the
DENR. Guided by an approved operations manual, MMPL PAMB has adopted a
number of policies for MMPL.

The Management Plan 2010-2020

The first five-year management plan covering 2010-2015 was approved by the
PAMB en banc on February 2010. It was developed through a series of meetings,
workshops and iterative technical roundtable discussions with different
stakeholders. Consistent with the SEP for Palawan, it is worth to note that PCSD’s
community-based ECAN Planning Manual was the tool used during the planning
process. The MMPL management plan contains a description of MMPL, an
evaluation of the threats and constraints, and prescriptions on how to manage it
based on the analysis of issues, threats, conflicts and constraints. Supplementary
to the management plan is a business plan which details the resources required in
order to implement the management activities in MMPL.

Generally, the plan seeks to protect the natural capital from which the ecosystem
services will sustainably contribute to human well-being.

In 2015, a review of the accomplishments and backlogs was undertaken, which

served as basis for the revision, improvement and updating of the management plan
for 2016-2020. Some of the perceived impacts of the interventions on the ground
over the past five years include the realization by the communities of the value of
water source; increase in vegetation which helps in controlling soil erosion and
flooding; livelihood benefits from planting fruit trees, multi-cropping, handicraft
marketing.

48 | P a g e
The second iteration of the management plan covering 2016-2020 was adopted by
the PAMB in January 2016. A gender assessment exercise supported by CI’s Social
Policy and Practice Unit has largely paved the way for mainstreaming gender in the
updated management plan. The identified interventions are responsive to the
different roles and responsibilities of indigenous men and women. A set of specific
gender-sensitive indicators is in place to guide the MMPL managers in determining
how conservation work affects men and women; and how the opportunities, benefits
and costs of conservation interventions are distributed.

Figure 47. MMPL Management and Business Plan

49 | P a g e
Tubbataha Reefs National Park30
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park is a 97,030-
hectare Marine Protected Area (MPA) in
Palawan, located in the Municipality of
Cagayancillo. The park is well within the heart
of the Coral Triangle, the global centre of
marine biodiversity. Tubbataha is composed of
two huge coral atolls – the north atoll and the
south atoll – and the Jessie Beazley Reef, a
smaller coral structure about 20 kilometres
north of the atolls.

Teeming with marine life, Tubbataha is the

fishing grounds of the people of Cagayancillo.
Presidential Proclamation 306 declaring
Tubbataha Marine Park was signed by
PHOTO BY YVETTE LEE
President Corazon Aquino on August 11, 1988.
The proclamation provided for Tubbataha Reef Figure 48. Tubbataha Coral Reefs.
National Marine Park as a no-take zone to
ensure its protection for future generations. Initially, the protected status of
Tubbataha was not well-received by the townsfolk of Cagayancillo, majority of whom
are fishermen. Years later however,
the local fishing grounds abound as
the wealth from the no-take
Tubbataha spills over to their waters.
The sacrifices of the fisherfolks paid
off as they now enjoy the catch that
was brought about by years of the
protection of the resource.
Additionally, the town also receives
10% share from the tourism revenue
Figure 49. Lighthouse of the Tubbataha Reefs in the park for their livelihood
Natural Park.
programs.

In 1993, Tubbataha was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in

recognition of the park’s outstanding universal value as an important and significant

30
Information and photos from www.tubbatahareef.org/

50 | P a g e
 natural habitat for in situ conservation of biological diversity; an example
representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes; and an area
of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance.

The Presidential Task Force on Tubbataha was

established in 1995 by then President Fidel V.
Ramos. This development institutionalized the
engagement of multiple stakeholders, including
the Armed Forces of the Philippines, in marine
conservation and also catalyzed the consistent
protection of the Tubbataha Reefs. The
presence of a law enforcement team in
Tubbataha was maintained only in 1995, seven
years after its declaration as a no-take marine
protected area. The law enforcement team built
a park station on the sandbar in the North Atoll,
organized patrols and apprehended violators,
and conducted environmental awareness
activities among park visitors and the people of
Figure 50. Map of the Tubbataha Reefs Cagayancillo. The presence of the team was
Natural Park.
indeed an effective deterrent to illegal
fishermen.

In 1999 the multi-sectoral Presidential Task Force on Tubbataha was constituted as

the Tubbataha Protected Area Management Board (TPAMB) upon the initiative of
Former Governor Salvador Socrates. Thereafter, the TPAMB has made prudent
decisions that secured the future of the Tubbataha. Today, the Board is a stable
institution, presiding over the ‘model marine protected area’ of the Philippines. It

Figure 52. Flocks of birds near the TRNP Figure 51. Vast waters of the TRNP.

51 | P a g e
was on the same year that Tubbataha was inscribed on the Ramsar List of Wetlands
of International Importance.

The Tubbataha Management Office (TMO) was established in 2001 and serves as
the implementing arm and support staff of the TPAMB. TMO’s key role is to ensure
that the plans and the laws formulated by the TPAMB are implemented. From the
staff of 4 in 2001, the TMO has grown to manpower of 16 personnel under the
supervision of the Protected Area Superintendent.

52 | P a g e
Highlighting Partnership between Bataraza LGU and the Private Sector
The Municipality of Bataraza is located on the southernmost tip of mainland
Palawan, approximately 236 km from Puerto Princesa City and about five to six
hours by land. Bataraza lies amidst the south Sulu Sea Malis River rounded at Cape
Buliluyan and further extended up to Wangly River in the south western part of the
mainland with a total land area of 957 km². The Ursula Bird Island Sanctuary is
within the jurisdiction of the municipality.

Bataraza is politically subdivided into 22 barangays. It was basically an agricultural

and fishing town.
However, the discovery
of mineral deposits in
Barangay Rio Tuba in
1967 paved the
operation of RTNMC in
1969. Today, the main
industries of Bataraza
include nickel mining
and processing.
Bataraza is listed
among the first class
municipalities of the
Figure 53. Aerial shot of the Municipality of Bataraza.
province. It can be
gleaned that the operation of RTN has catalyzed economic activities that in turn
primed the income generating opportunities for the residents in the locality. The
mineral development within the municipality has largely augmented the income
production capacity of the local labor force. The improved income scenario could be
attributed to those directly hired or even those that were indirectly part of the
economic cycle in the area as the result of mining operation.

The target communities around the mining company has likewise benefited in the
implementation of Social Development and Management Programs (SDMP) of the
mining company that aims to address the need for social basic services of the local
populace. Through the SDMP, a primary hospital which caters to health concerns
of the host barangay and the neighboring communities has been established. The

53 | P a g e
Indigenous Peoples were also taken as direct program beneficiaries through the
housing project for the IP communities in addition to the educational assistance and
the Indigenous Learning System (ILS).

To address the need for potable water supply to its populace, the Local Government
Unit of Bataraza through the initiative of the Provincial Government of Palawan and
in collaboration with the RTNMC and CBNC, signed a Memorandum of Agreement
to develop a multi-million peso water project. The project will cover 13 barangays
and will be made accessible to 10,000 households. While the concept of public-
private partnership scheme has business prospect on the part of the private sector,
the partnership forged for this project is mainly corporate social responsibility effort
on the part of the companies essentially to reach out even to the non-host areas. In
effect, this initiative showcases the partnership between the public and private
entities for a mutual goal of providing the most basic service to the communities.

Housing project for IPs

Figure 54. Housing project for Indigenous Peoples.

54 | P a g e
Figure 55. Water quality preservation in Bataraza.

Figure 56. Community health work in Bataraza.

55 | P a g e
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary31
Nestled off the shore of the Municipality of Narra, Rasa is a small coral island of
2 2
8.34 km area. About 1.75 km are covered with coastal forest, mangrove, cultivated
areas (predominantly coconut), while a small portion is barren or sparsely vegetated
sand and coral outcrops.

Rasa Island is home to the highest

living population in the wild of Red-
vented Philippine Cockatoo, locally
known as Katala. The Philippine
cockatoo is a critically endangered
species for which 25% of its global
population is found on Rasa Island
Wildlife Sanctuary and the mainland
Panacan.

Figure 57. Rasa Island, Narra, Palawan.

In 2006, Rasa Island was declared
Wildlife Sanctuary through
Philippine Presidential Proclamation No. 1000. Given the recent developments, the
Municipality of Narra is now tagged as the “Philippine Cockatoo Capital of the
World”. Recently, it was named as one of the 13 top birdwatching sites in the
Philippines by the Philippine Department of Tourism (PDOT).

The island is the pilot site of the

Philippine Cockatoo Conservation
Program (PCCP) since 1998. The key
component of this project site is the
wardening scheme which involves
patrolling and protection of the birds
during and outside the breeding season.
This scheme has proven to be very
efficient. It has increased the population
of cockatoos nearly tenfold on the island
over ten years (presently ca. 200 birds).
It could be noted that the high threats to
Figure 58. The Philippine Cockatoo (Cacatua
haematuropygia)

31
Source: http://www.philippinecockatoo.org/index.htm

56 | P a g e
the species are mostly due to poaching, selling and buying and the destruction of
its habitat.

In 2015, Philippine Cockatoo Conservation Program (PCCP) was chosen as one of

the ten Galing Pook Awardees from 16 finalists all over the Philippines. The Galing
Pook Awards, which started in 1993, recognizes 10 outstanding local governance
programs every year. The award is proof of the strong engagement with local
government and the key stakeholders, in particular the poachers who are now the
wildlife wardens who monitor and patrol the Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 24/7
during breeding season to keep the hatchlings safe to fledge.

The community participation through

intensive conservation education is
vital at all stage of program
implementation. According to Mayor
Lucena Demaala, the remarkable
protection of the small coral island of
Rasa in the Municipality of Narra has
rippled to other benefits like
protection of the marine resources
surrounding the island which is one of
the primary sources of our fishery
production in the locality. The LGU Figure 59. PCCP as one of the awardees of Galing
of Narra sees the importance to Pook in 2015.
support the project through yearly
financial assistance and relevant legislations to promote its conservation. The
financial reward of one hundred thousand pesos from Galing Pook was appropriated
for the continuing development of the Katala Institute in Narra, an ecology center
established by the Katala Foundation.

57 | P a g e
The Gems of Balabac32
Balabac is an island municipality located in the
southernmost tip of Palawan Province. The islands are
notable for their uncommon indigenous plant and animal
species, such as the nocturnal Philippine mouse-deer or
Pilandok, the Katala or Philippine Cockatoo, Siete
Colores or Nicobar Pigeon. Wild pigs also roam the
mountainous part of the islands. One significant man-
made landmark of Balabac is Cape Melville, an old
lighthouse built circa 1892 during Spanish occupation.
Cape Melville is said to be the most beautiful lighthouse Figure 60. Location of
in Asia, and was declared as a National Historical Balabac in Palawan.
Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the
33
Philippines (NHCP) .

Balabac Group of Islands is a peaceful home

to the Palaw-an, as well as to the Molbogs, a
Muslim ethno-linguistic group that is believed to
be its earliest inhabitants in the area. They
were later joined by migrant Tausugs,
Maranaos, Pangotaran and the Mapuns of
Cagayan from the region of Mindanao. These
are commonly sea-dwelling folks, and with the
vast expanse of surrounding waters, fishery
resources are the main source of livelihood
among them. Sea weed farming and sea
cucumber culture also provide other means of
income in some barangays.

Balabac is mainly composed of 32 islands and

clusters of islets, the largest of which is
Figure 61. The Cape Melville Lighthouse, Balabac island where the town proper is
though no longer in service but still located, and other major islands include
maintained by the Philippine Coast
Bugsuk, Bancalan, Mantangule, Pandanan,
Guard.
and Ramos. It was one of these island

32
Information on the culture of South Sea pearls sourced from the website of Jewelmer. Photos from PCSDS.
33
Source: http://nhcphistoricsites.blogspot.com/2011/10/cape-melville-lighthouse.html

58 | P a g e
treasures of Balabac where the world class South Sea pearls are being carefully
nurtured to attain the best quality living gems. Pearls thrive in a clean environment,
free from any impurities and without any disruptions in the flow of natural current.
The making of the best of pearls require the careful monitoring of water temperature
and possible disturbances which will affect the conducive environment for the pearl
to grow. With highly skilled pearl farmers, Jewelmer has coaxed the finest South
Sea pearls into existence at its state-of-the-art farm established in Bugsuk Island
for over three decades.

Pearl farm requirements

naturally sets a de facto
protected area within its area of
operation given the utmost care
for the environment where the
oysters are laid, allowing pearls
to grow in peace and perfection.
Such that, the presence of pearl
is an indicator of the
environmental condition of the Figure 62. Mat-weaving, one of the livelihoods of the
people in Balabac.
area where it is present. When
the environment is pristine and the natural flow of the nutrients underwater is free
from disruptions, the mollusks which serve as host in the culture process will have
perfect components for bringing out majestic gems that is known as the rare South
Sea pearls.

Hence, pearls are borne out of perfect partnership between man and Mother Nature.

Figure 63. Coastal residences at the Municipality of Balabac.

59 | P a g e
A Journey Towards “The Last Frontier’s” Sustainable Development
Palawan as the fifth IAD

The vision of attaining sustainable development in Palawan can be traced back as

early as 1978 with then President Ferdinand E. Marcos’ approval of Palawan as the
fifth Integrated Area Development Project (IAD) under the defunct National Council
on Integrated Area Development (NACIAD).

After several inter-agency planning and consultation, an Interim Project Office was
established in 1979 to conduct initial coordination and preparatory activities required
by the UNDP and the Bank including the procurement of transport vehicles and
selection of consultants who will undertake the Feasibility study for the Phase I
development of Palawan. NACIAD in cooperation with Provincial Government
started reconnaissance survey and conduct of socio-economic survey in mainland
Palawan purposely to fill up data gaps in preparation for the conduct of Feasibility
Study commissioned by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to a French Consulting
Firm.

Challenges

A string of problems and issues

were identified such as absence of
land classification as well as low
level of land titling, degradation of
Palawan’s forest due to kingpin and
other upland activities,
underutilization of agricultural lands,
lack of irrigation system, high
incidence of malaria and water-
borne diseases, lack of livestock
Figure 64. One of the objectives of PIADP was to
and draft animals, poor agricultural increase agricultural production in the province
credit facilities, lack of main arterial through multi-storey-cropping, construction of
communal irrigation system and introduction of high
and farm to market road, inadequate breed of cattle and goats.
port facilities and environmental
degradation.

60 | P a g e
Phase I Development of Palawan

The outputs of the consultants were subjected to a thorough appraisal by the

Mission sent by the Bank. Considering the fragile ecosystem of the province, the
appraisal team concluded that development projects that will be implemented in the
province will just go to waste if an integrated environmental program will not be
incorporated in the development package. As during that time environmental
projects are considered non-bankable, the Philippine Government and the Bank
made a bilateral arrangement with then European Economic Community (now
European Union) to co-finance the Palawan Integrated Area Development Project
(PIADP).

Finally based on the appraisal report, the following components to be implemented

by five Project Executing agencies were endorsed for approval of the Bank and
ECC: 1) agricultural intensification and diversification and livestock development
(DA); 2) Land Classification, Upland Stabilization Program (USP) and Land Survey
and Titling (DENR); 3) Communal Irrigation projects (NIA); 4) Agricultural Credit
(CBP), and 5) Integrated Environmental Program (IEP), Project Benefit and
Monitoring and Evaluation (PBME) and Project Management (PIADPO). USP is the
PIADP’s response to kaingin (shifting cultivation) of upland farmers mostly in
Aborlan, Quezon and Brooke’s Point.

The European Union (EU) agreed to finance the Integrated Environmental Program,
Land Classification and partly-finance the infrastructure, farm equipment and
vehicles and research sub-component of Agricultural Intensification and
Diversification.

The SEP was born

After almost five years of scientific studies and local consultation, the Strategic
Environmental Plan, the major output of IEP, was finalized. After almost four years
of lobbying in Congress, then former Speaker Ramon V. Mitra and Cong. David A.
Ponce De Leon sponsored the SEP Bill which was later approved on 19 June 1992
by virtue of RA 7611 or the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act with the
inclusion of total commercial logging ban.

61 | P a g e
In 1989, due to the occurrence of El Niño, Puerto Princesa City suffered from
shortage of domestic water supply.
In response to this phenomenon,
PIADPO paved the way to the
organization of the first Pista Y Ang
Kagueban (Feast of the Forests).
Said initiative was adopted by the
City Government and to this day,
an annual convergence of people
from all walks of life, students, civil
society, businessmen, visitors,
foreigners, celebrities and tourists
are participating in the event to Figure 65. Pista Y Ang Kagueban began in 1989
demonstrate their love for Mother with almost 500 participants from all walks of life.
nature.

Palawan as Man and Biosphere Reserve

While the PCSDS and its allies were seriously pushing for the legislation of the SEP
into Law, on March 27, 1990, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declared the whole province of Palawan as “Man
and Biosphere Reserve.” This is in recognition of Palawan as the Philippines’ “last
ecological frontier,” the cradle of numerous protected areas, habitat of rich and
diverse wildlife (most of which are endemic to the province) and home to rich cultural
heritage.

Meanwhile, after the success of PIADP I, the approval of US $54 M Loan Agreement
for the implementation of the Second Palawan Integrated Area Development Project
(SPIADP) immediately ensued in 1991. SPIADP, which covered central and
northern Palawan including Calamianes, included a “Women in Development” and
a Fishery Development component, alongside with other components implemented
under PIADP I except Agricultural Credit Component with similar goal of improving
the lives of Palaweños.

On August 15, 1992, the implementation of the SEP Law formally launched at the
Palawan Provincial Capitol Complex. This was followed by the organization and first
meeting of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), the SEP Law
administrative machinery at PCSD Staff Office (now Palawan Sustainable
Development Training Institute) in Bgy. Irawan, Puerto Princesa City.

62 | P a g e
Protection of Palawan’s Tropical Forest

In 1995, Financing Agreement for the implementation of Palawan Tropical Forestry

Protection Programme (PTFPP) was signed as a special program of the PCSD Staff
(PCSDS). The EU-funded project, which lasted until December 2000, had its main
goal of helping the conservation of Palawan’s tropical forest, with emphasis on
provision of livelihood projects.

The project also initiated the preparation

of a management plan for Mt.
Mantalingahan Range in Southern
Palawan to protect it from further
encroachment and degradation. Later,
the Provincial Government by virtue of an
Executive Order created the South
Palawan Planning Council (SPPC) to
lead the detailed for Mt. Mantalingahan.
The PTFPP likewise spearheaded the Figure 66. Catchment-based community
planning and management was given emphasis
planning for catchment-based community to increase awareness of communities on the
planning and management through a need to protect Palawan’s verdant forest.
sustainable development strategy. A
two-year extension for the implementation of PTFPP was approved by EU from
2002-2004.

Blueprint for Sustainable Tourism

While the PTFPP extension was being implemented, in 2001, the Sustainable
Environmental Management Program for Northern Palawan (SEMP-NP) was
signed between the Government of the Philippines and Japan Bank for International
Cooperation (JBIC). The SEMP-NP was composed of three components, namely:
Sustainable Tourism for Northern Palawan (under Department of Tourism), Soil
Erosion and Control covering Coron-Busuanga and Taytay- EL Nido Road (under
Department of Public Works and Highways), and ECAN Zoning Component (under
PCSDS). Its goal was to develop Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN)
Zoning. ECAN Zoning is critical as it was a pre-requisite for the implementation of
Sustainable Tourism for Northern Palawan to ensure sustainable tourism. SEMP-
NP project was completed in 2006.

63 | P a g e
Legal Effects of RA 7611

Between year 2001 to 2003, by virtue

of RA 7611, the PCSD was mandated
to implement Wildlife Act of 2001
(R.A. 9147), Chainsaw Act
(R.A.9175), and Caves Act (R.A.
9072). From the available data,
starting January 2010 to June 2016,
there were 215 operations conducted
to enforce these laws, eventually
resulting into the confiscation of
35,353 wildlife items, 207 Figure 67. PCSDS Enforcement Team is a
member the Provincial Law Enforcement Task
unregistered chainsaw units, Force, a composite team organized by the
218,732.002 board feet lumber of Provincial Government to crackdown illegalities,
including prohibited environmental activities
different species, and 2,872 sacks of committed in Palawan.
mangrove tanbarks. To ensure
violators of environmental laws are held liable, PCSD pursued 306 administrative
and 173 criminal cases.

Current Developments

Fast forward, in 2011 Zero Carbon Resorts Project was launched in the province.
The Project’s Phase 1 and 2, being implemented by the PCSDS starting 2011 to
2018, is funded by the European Union through the Center for Appropriate
Technology (GrAT). It aims to reduce both energy cost and carbon emission of
business establishments, particularly in the tourism sector through re-use, reduce
and redesign concepts.

Most of PCSDS recent significant feats, in fact, occurred between to 2010 to 2015
with many opportunities opened up through partnerships and conservation and
financing.

In 2014, PCSDS Palawan Knowledge Platform (PKP) clearing house mechanism

was established through Memorandum of Cooperation forged among 17 data-
producing agencies and research institutions in Palawan. The PKP website
(www.pkp.pcsd.gov.ph) data support for planning, policy, and decision making.
Almost two years since it was created, now it has 23 strong and active member-
institutions from national and local government agencies, non-government
organizations and the academe.

64 | P a g e
The PCSDS and LGU Balabac signed a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for
the implementation and collaboration of
JFPR Grant 9160. Sponsored by the
Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
(JFPR) through the ADB, it’s a 4-year
project (2015-2018) aimed at developing
model alternative sustainable livelihoods
involving women and indigenous people,
particularly Molbogs to reduce poverty
incidence, as well as to arrest illegal
environmental activities in the said town. Figure 68. Ms. Elizabeth Maclang (second from
right), the Protected Area Superintendent of
In El Nido town, the Capturing Coral Reef Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National
and Related Ecosystem Services Park, and Atty Carlo Gomez (first from right), City
Environment and Natural Resources Officer
(CCRES) Project of University of signed the Memorandum of Cooperation.
Queensland is being implemented. With
PCSDS as major partner, this four-year
project (2015-2018) assists the community to capture the value of services provided
by the coastal ecosystems.

PCSDS also assisted in the development of ecosystem accounts for Palawan on

the following sectors as part of the Philippine Wealth Accounting for the Valuation
of Ecosystems Services (Phil-WAVES), a World Bank-funded project that aims to
promote sustainable development through the implementation of wealth accounting
that focuses on the value of natural capital and on integrating Natural Capital
Accounting in the development
planning and policy analyses.

A Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) was signed between the Asia
Climate Change Education Center (in
Jeju Island Special Self-Governing
Province, South Korea) and the PCSD
to pursue exchange program and
collaboration on training and
Figure 69. PCSD Chairman, Gov. Jose Alvarez
inked a sisterhood deal with Mr. Young-Hoan education. Another MOU for
Yang of the Jeju Island Biosphere Reserve. Sisterhood Agreement was inked
between the management authority of

65 | P a g e
the Jeju Island Biosphere Reserve (JIBR) and the PCSD to mutually promote
sharing of good practices in the management of the two biosphere reserves,
particularly in branding the biosphere reserve including the services and products
therein.

Figure 70. Fifteen SAP Members took part during the 2nd PCSD SAP meeting held September
16, 2016 at the Citystate Asturias Hotel, Puerto Princesa City. The experts tackled 5 emerging
issues faced by Palawan wherein policy recommendations were produced at the end.

On one hand, Palawan Sustainable Development Strategy and Action Plan 2015-
2020 (PSDSAP) was formulated through a participatory planning process to ensure
local stakeholder support and ownership of the plan. The PSDSAP shall serve as
the green blueprint for sustainable development of Palawan in conformity with
United Nations’ new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

To guide PCSD on addressing environmental issues and concern, PCSD Scientific

Advisory Panel (SAP) was organized with the country’s topnotch scientists and
experts as members. Its first meeting was held during the celebration of the 23rd
anniversary of the SEP Law on June 19, 2015, while the second happened on
September 16, 2016. Policy recommendations are their expected output which will
be serving as guide and advice to the PCSD on how they would best address those
burning issues hounding the province.

The 24th SEP Anniversary on June 19, 2016 was highlighted with the signing of the
MOU for the establishment of Palawan Center for Sustainable Development
between and among the University of the Philippines (UP), Provincial Government
of Palawan, City Government of Palawan, Palawan Council for Sustainable

66 | P a g e
Development, UP Alumni Association, Inc. (UPAA) and UPAA Palawan Chapter.
The MOU promotes mutual cooperation and understanding in strengthening the
research role of academic institutions in support to planning, policy and decision
making in sustainable development processes in Palawan.

Furthermore, the ECAN is mainstreamed into the Comprehensive Land Use Plans
(CLUPs) of the municipalities to ensure that local development plans and programs
are conformable with the standard of sustainable development and to effectively
manage the conservation of ECAN landscapes and resources pursuant to Section
6 of the SEP Law. To date, a total of nine ECAN Resource Management Plans
(ERMP) were completed for Puerto Princesa City and eight municipalities, namely:
Coron, Busuanga, Dumaran, Linapacan, San Vicente, El Nido, Roxas and Taytay.

To ensure the attainment of the

ends of ECAN, the PCSD strictly
observes SEP Clearance System
in which all projects are evaluated
based on ECAN Zoning, as well as
based on their ecological
sustainability, social responsibility,
social acceptability and economic
viability. The issuance of SEP
clearance is a pre-requisite for
Figure 71. PCSDS Exec. Dir. Nelson P.
DENR’s issuance of Devanadera gives the overview situation of
Environmental Compliance sustainable development and biodiversity and
Certificate, permits and other ecosystem values in Puerto Princesa City during
the ERMP workshop held at the New City Hall last
tenurial instruments pursuant to April 15, 2016.
the Mother Memorandum of
Agreement between the DENR and PCSD since December 1993. Based on
available data, there were 1,021 SEP Clearances issued from January 2010 to June
2016 to project applications all over Palawan.

Way Forward

While the PCSD has the central role in the governance, implementation and policy
direction of the SEP, the involvement of all sectors of society (including indigenous
peoples) particularly the communities aside from the Local Government Units and
other partner agencies must be heightened in terms of natural resource
management, conservation and protection. Toward this end, environmental

67 | P a g e
projects and programs supporting sustainable development should be given top
priority by all operating agencies in Palawan in terms of planning and budget
allocation. After all, Palawan’s natural capital is the main source of livelihood of
majority of its populace.

Environmental monitoring and evaluation should be institutionalized so that it will be

the responsibility of every Palaweño to be aware and involved in ensuring
sustainable development more so, perceptive and analytical on what’s happening
in Palawan’s environment.

Environmental research is continuously gaining grounds with the establishment of

Palawan Knowledge Platform (PKP) where the PCSDS with the active participation
of the academe led by three universities in Palawan (Western Philippines University,
Palawan State University and Holy Trinity University), NGOs, key departments of
the provincial and city government and national government agencies (NGAs)
formulated a 20-year research agenda for Palawan based on the Palawan
Sustainable Development Strategy and Action Plan (PSDSAP). PSDSAP is
Palawan’s response to the United Nation’s New Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).

68 | P a g e
The NGO Network in Palawan
The Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI) is an aggrupation of NGOs in Palawan with
the Indigenous People’s
Organization Federation as
Nagkakaisang Tribu sa
Palawan (NATRIPAL) and
the People’s Organization
Federation. Due to the need
to organize and unite among
themselves to gain stronger
collaboration, active
participation and leveraging
oneself of the competence of
the civil society and the
NGOs of what they can do
better as partners in
government, about thirteen Figure 72. Atty. Grizelda Mayo-Anda of the Environmental
Legal Assistance Center (ELAC).
NGOs and People’s
Federation started to unite in 1988 given their geographical location in the whole
Province of Palawan.

To name a few organizations, Haribon

Palawan, Palawan Center for Appropriate
Technology, Budyong Rural Development
Foundation, Christian Camp Incorporated,
World Vision Philippines, KAAKLAT
Incorporated, Paragua Foundation,
Peoples Livelihood Foundation and People
First Foundation. Given their community
work as well as advocacy work on
agriculture, fisheries, environment,
livestock and the fight for indigenous Figure 73. Members of the Nagkakaisang
people’s rights. Tribu sa Palawan (NATRIPAL).
Source: http://www.usaid-
philamfund.org.ph/index.php/page/view/natripal
The EDSA Revolution of 1986 and the
change of administration from the Marcos Regime to Aquino Government gave way
to the active participation of the civil society in public governance. The Local

69 | P a g e
Government Code of 1992 provides the opportunity that the civil society is
represented in the Local Development Councils of 20 percent of its membership in
the planning and coordination of the plans. The Bantay Palawan, LGU of Palawan
Environmental Program has a Community Development Component which was led
by the NGO. Likewise the NGO representative of the Palawan Council for
Sustainable Development is coming from the Palawan NGO Network, Inc.

Then, there was a Second Palawan Integrated Area Development Project (SPIADP)
as the succeeding phase of an Asian Development Bank financed multi agency
projects with seven project executing agencies and 14 components with about
$5Om from a first phase of about the same amount in 1982-1988 Phase I Project.

The NGO Network became the advocates of the best utilization of the money to
where it is intended to benefit the local populace. Likewise, the NGO’s themselves
mobilize their resources for some microprojects. From the year it was founded in
1988 up to present, the principles don’t vary at all but only the manner of expressing
which changed through time. Thus its existence may also work for confidence
building that government agencies can do better with the competence and principled
civil society of positions they are espousing.

Figure 74. Livelihood projects.

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The Province of Palawan34
Palawan has been known in the world over as the Philippines' last ecological
frontier. The province harbors vast tracts of tropical rainforests and a huge expanse
of marine wilderness. Thick canopies of trees carpet mountain ranges running the
length of the mainland. The area is unique in terms of having a large proportion of
endemic plants and animals with identified 30 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs).
Fringing reefs and coral atolls open a new realm to discover under the clear waters
surrounding this archipelago of 1,768 islands.

35
Figure 75. Palawan's underwater resources.

It has a total land area of about 1.5 million hectares and lies between the Sulu Sea
and the West Philippine Sea. It is home to two natural World Heritage Sites – the
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park and the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River
National Park. The province of Palawan has been hailed as Hall of Fame Awardee
as the Cleanest and Greenest Province of the Country. For the second year in a
row, Palawan was named as the World’s Best Island by Conde Nast Traveler (2015-
2016), to name the most recent of the numerous awards that the island province
has been accorded so far.

However, while the island province has so much resources and economic potentials
waiting to be explored, the poverty incidence is relatively high. It was this serious
concern that the current administration resolved to immediately address upon
assumption to office. The central thrust of the Provincial Government is clearly

34
Information from the 2015 Palawan Provincial Government Annual Report/Photos from the official website of the
Province of Palawan and as cited
35
Source: From the official website of the Province of Palawan and as cited

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defined, that is, to alleviate poverty. Guided by the clear mission to fight poverty,
various programs and projects were immediately pursued while ensuring that
development and growth are broad-based and socially equitable, where no social
group is left behind in the sphere of development.

Thus, I-HELP was launched as the strategic framework to establish effective

governance for the province. I-HELP is designed to translate the Provincial
Government’s commitment into tangible outputs and outcomes. To date, there have
been remarkable projects implemented and more are set to be in place on ground.

Infrastructure

A total of 1, 872.562 km of road have been constructed and rehabilitated. In addition,

a total of 9 bridges with 399.4 linear meters were constructed and rehabilitated.
Meanwhile, coordination and partnership is currently being explored with the
Philippine Ports Authority for the development of ports in Coron in the north and
Buliluyan in the south for the connectivity with the RORO shipping network.

36
Figure 76. Road project of the Provincial Government of Palawan.

Three major airport development projects are currently underway, particularly: the
Puerto Princesa International Airport worth Php 4.5 billion, the San Vicente Airport

36
Source: From the official website of the Province of Palawan and as cited

72 | P a g e
which will be operational upon completion of its Terminal building, and the
Busuanga Airport worth Php 4 billion.

37
Figure 77. Palawan International Airport.

Water supply projects have been completed in 6 municipalities covering a total of

40 barangays. This will improve the water supply system and address the need for
potable water supply of the communities.

In partnership with the Department of Energy, the Joint Energy Development

Advisory Group (JEDAG) was established to develop the energy master plan for the
province and facilitate investments in power. The Palawan Islands Energy Master
Plan for 2015-2035 was developed through consensus-based process to come with
an encompassing reference for power and energy resources development.

Health

Health related problems have been vigorously addressed. The incidence of

malnutrition has been reversed and the malnutrition rate in 2015 has dropped to a
low of 9.84% from 10.78% in 2013. The Provincial Government intensified
enrolment to the PhilHealth Program for 23,689 beneficiaries with total funding of
Php 57,091, 200.00.

37
Source: From the official website of the Province of Palawan and as cited

73 | P a g e
 38
Figure 78. Governor Jose Alvarez with one beneficiaries of the Provincial health program.

To complement the delivery of health services, health facilities including 9

municipal/district hospitals, 4 rural health units, 20 barangay health stations and 2
basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care clinics.

Education

Another banner program of the Provincial Government is the free tuition fee to all
secondary school graduates that will enroll in state universities and colleges in the
province. The program has a total of 110,057 student-beneficiaries enrolled in the
state universities of Palawan from 2013-2016. Construction of school buildings is
also a priority in order to address the issue of classroom shortage. A total of 178
classrooms were constructed during the last 3 years.

Livelihood and Income

In order to provide employment and source of income opportunities for its people,
the Province is implementing a holistic approach towards value-chain upgrading
and promotion of sustainable livelihood for priority crops as follows:

 Seaweeds
Another 5,000 hectares will be expanded for each area in San Vicente, Honda
Bay, Dumaran, Taytay, Cagayancillo, Culion, Agutaya, and Balabac for the

38
Source: From the official website of the Province of Palawan and as cited

74 | P a g e
 Seaweeds Upscaling Program. The Program provides technical trainings to
farmers on site selection, materials and site preparations, farming methods
and practices, maintenance and management, harvesting and post-harvest
management and drying, and actual planting. Provincial field nurseries were
established in Dumaran, Taytay and Quezon.

 Cacao Production
The province is currently working with the private companies to set up cacao
production in Southern Palawan covering the municipalities of Aborlan,
Bataraza, Brooke’s Point, Espanola, Rizal and Quezon. At present, cacao
seedling nurseries have been established in Irawan in Puerto Princesa City,
Mainit in Brooke’s Point and Punta Baja in Rizal. About 923,795 cacao
seedlings were already dispersed to 1,329 farmer-beneficiaries.

39
Figure 79. Cacao Production.

 Coconut
The Province also implements the Accelerated Coconut Planting and Re-
Planting Program. The program aims to strengthen and support the coconut

39
Source: From the official website of the Province of Palawan and as cited

75 | P a g e
 industry in the province. In partnership with the Philippine Coconut Authority,
a total of 1,038,038 coconut seedlings were already distributed.

Protection of the Environment

The Provincial Government pursue reforestation program to preserve and restore

forested buffers and watershed areas. This is carried out in partnership with the
DENR through the National Greening Program. The Partnership Agreement intends
to intensify seedling production and accelerate the establishment of agro-forestry
plantation in support to the NGP.

Enforcement of environmental laws is carried out by the Bantay Palawan in

cooperation with law enforcement agencies and the LGUs.

Through the Provincial Mining and Regulatory Board, monitoring and verification
surveys were conducted in 141 quarry sites.

76 | P a g e
77 | P a g e
Strategic Directions of Palawan
In general, the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act (RA 7611)
provides the strategic roadmap for Palawan as it serves as a comprehensive
framework for the sustainable development of the province compatible with
protection and enhancing its natural resources and endangered environment.
Having this unique piece of legislation, it is the vision of the Palawan Council for
Sustainable Development (PCSD) to transform Palawan to “an innovative and
dynamic global center of sustainable development”.

In the Palawan Sustainable Development Strategy and Action Plan (PSDSAP), a

product of multipartite effort (national government agencies, LGUs, NGOs,
academe, and business sectors) led by the PCSD, the stakeholders came up with
a common vision for the people of Palawan: “To have a good and dignified life
enjoyed by the people of Palawan, through the pursuit of an inclusive, ecologically-
balanced, and biodiversity-centered economic development supported by green
jobs and sustainable energy”. The PSDSAP is Palawan’s response to the United
Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The PSDSAP has ten (10) core themes: The three (3) ecological themes include
biological diversity, forest and watershed, and coastal and marine resources
protection and conservation. These are in support to the four (4) sociocultural and
economic core themes: food security, tourism, physical infrastructure, and
indigenous peoples. Rounding off the 10 core themes are three (3) support services
comprising of training, education, research, and monitoring (TERM); social
development services; and sustainable financing and partnership.

Translating these core themes to programs and projects will lead to the following
desired outcomes:

1. Ecological stability and continuous formation of natural capital ensured

2. Economic wealth created and equitably distributed
3. Social and cultural capital protected, developed, and enhanced
4. Rights-based governance in place to facilitate sustainable development

The project is also aligned with the Provincial Development Vision for Palawan to
become “a premier province in the country where peace-loving people and
empowered people and a progressive economy are in harmony with a balanced
environment and rich natural resources supported by an adequate, appropriate and

78 | P a g e
efficiently-managed infrastructure and a local government led by dynamic and
responsible leaders.”

Guiding Principles
The project will be implemented and managed based on the following principles:

1. Participative manner and multi-sectoral approach

This ensures that the plan was prepared and will be implemented with
authority, responsibility, accountability, transparency and participation of
stakeholders from various sectors.

2. Culture-sensitive
The project must promote respect of culture of all types of stakeholders,
regardless of ethnicity, locality, gender, religion, beliefs or traditions. It also
entails that the project activities will not affect the traditions and practices of
the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) of Palawan, but will instead respect their rights.

3. Endemic and indigenous species over exotic

In terms of reforestation or rehabilitation of terrestrial and mangrove forests,
endemic and indigenous or native species must be utilized, instead of exotic
species.

Project Strategies
The project will implement integrated natural resources and conservation
approaches including forest protection, biodiversity conservation, inclusive
development, and watershed management. This strategy is expected to contribute
to the continued and healthy functioning of Palawan natural ecosystem that will bring
about positive benefits on local communities in terms of provision of ecological
services such as water supply, fuel wood, among others, increase of household
income, and ultimately good public health.

Biophysical fencing: Forestland boundary delineation

The Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines calls for the establishment of
boundaries of forest lands, specifically between permanent forests and alienable
and disposable lands. These “shall be clearly marked and maintained on the ground,

79 | P a g e
with infrastructure or roads, or concrete monuments at intervals of not more than
five hundred (500) meters in accordance with established procedures and
standards, or any other visible and practicable signs to insure protection of the
forest” (P.D. 705, Sec. 17).

The delineation of final forest lines shall be prioritized in the following areas with
intact primary forests:

• El Nido Mountain Range

• Taytay-Dumaran forests

• San Vicente-Roxas-Taytay tri-boundary

• Cleopatra’s Needle (Puerto Princesa-Roxas)

• Victoria-Anepahan Range

• Mount Mantalingahan

‘Biofencing’ will also be explored for boundary demarcation of these areas.

Indigenous trees may be used as physical markers of forest boundary limits. The
construction of roads will be dictated by the immediate need for transportation
(e.g., farm-to-market roads and access to social services such as hospitals and
educational facilities) and the preservation of forest corridors to prevent
fragmentation of habitats. If necessary, those living in the upland communities will
be enjoined to relocate to lowland areas and will be given incentives, livelihood, and
employment as forest guards and tree nursery caretakers. Forest protection
agreements and forest co-management implementation arrangements will be
designed and customized in each area so that local issues, stakeholders’
composition, and existing tenurial instruments and claims will be considered.

The fencing of forests will consist of a combination of biofencing, physical fencing

(construction of “eco roads”) and socioeconomic fencing (livelihoods and economic
strategies). The intact and buffer forests correspond to Core and Restricted Use
Zones in the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) system and to
“protection forest” in the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP). The biophysical and
socioeconomic fences correspond to traditional and controlled use and multiple use
zones of the ECAN. Figure 70 illustrates the biophysical and socio-economic fences
of intact and buffer forest.

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Figure 80. Illustration of the biophysical and socio-economic fences of intact and buffer forest.

In line with fencing, table below shows the status of the Forest Land Use Plans
(FLUPs) per municipality, with San Vicente as the only municipality with completed
FLUP, while the FLUPs of Taytay and El Nido were already adopted by their
respective Sangguniang Bayan but are still subject for technical evaluation of DENR
Region IV-B.

MUNICIPALITIES STATUS/REMARKS

PUERTO PRINCESA >Final draft preparation for presentation and approval by the
CITY City Council; support priority for 2016
ABORLAN No movement
NARRA No movement
QUEZON >Write ups for Bgys. Berong, Aramaywan, Isugod &
Kalatagbak already finished (due to REDD++), 10 Bgys. Due
for processing and write up (c/o ELAC Tina Barraquias); 10-
man DENR Team formed by CENRO-Quezon for technical
assistance to the LGU FLUP formulation; support priority for
2016
RIZAL No movement

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 MUNICIPALITIES STATUS/REMARKS

S. ESPANOLA >LOI received by CENRO-Brookes Point first week of

March, 2016; support priority for 2016
BROOKES POINT No movement
BATARAZA >Final draft preparation for presentation and approval by the
Sangguniang Bayan of Bataraza
BALABAC No movement
KALAYAAN No movement
ROXAS >On-going FLUP preparation
TAYTAY >FLUP adopted by Sangguniang Bayan of Taytay; final
FLUP submitted to DENR Region IV-B last October, 2015
for technical evaluation
SAN VICENTE >FLUP completed subject for joint implementation/co-
management
EL NIDO >FLUP adopted by Sangguniang Bayan of Taytay; final
FLUP submitted to DENR Region IV-B last October, 2015
for technical evaluation
DUMARAN No movement
ARACELI No movement
CUYO No movement
AGUTAYA No movement
MAGSAYSAY No movement
CAGAYANCILLO No movement
LINAPACAN No movement
CULION No movement
CORON >For LGU adoption/endorsement; support priority for 2016
BUSUANGA >Support priority for 2016

Revegetation and forest management through biodiversity-friendly

approaches
Revegetation of cleared areas will emphasize a biodiversity-centric restoration
method that utilizes indigenous forest tree species. Non-native species will also be
explored but will be used sparingly.

The major species that will be used in enrichment planting on north of the forest line
(eco road) will include:

1. Ipil (Intsia bijuga)

2. Apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus)

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 3. Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis)

On south of the forest line, the following species are suggested to be used in
production forests:
4. Gmelina/Yemane (Gmelina arborea) - for lumber
5. Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) - for fuel wood
6. Mangium (Acacia mangium) - for fuel wood

However, as indigenous species are preferred over exotic, the project may also use
native species which have the same growth rate and potential for lumber and
fuelwood with that of these three suggested species. The use of native fruit tree species
can also be an alternative.

The revegetation activities will be subsumed under the Enhanced National Greening
Program (ENGP) of the DENR. Existing and proposed forest co-management areas,
particularly in northern Palawan, will be integrated into the ENGP as well.

Socio-economic Fencing through Livelihood Generation

In order to wean people away from illegal and environmentally-destructive activities,
livelihood interventions shall be introduced to the communities, such as forest
enrichment planting, nursery operations, production forest, goat raising, mud crab
fattening, and forest protection program. Community members involved in
enrichment planting, production forest planting and forest protection shall be duly
compensated. For activities which will not immediately generate income such as
nursery operations, goat raising, mud crab fattening and production forest
operations, each employed individual shall be provided with Php 3,000, with an
additional Php 2,500 conditional cash transfer (CCT), amounting to Php 5,500 per
household per month. It is noted that the said amount will be provided only during
the transition from the start of the operations up to the time when the activities have
generated income (i.e., goats have been sold), as the needs of beneficiaries are
expected to be sustained by the revenues of the interventions thereafter.

Watershed management
Aside from forest recovery and livelihood generation, another prominent feature of
the regeneration project is watershed management. In this component program,
each of the 89 water systems (surface water type) in Palawan built by the local

83 | P a g e
government will be tied to the larger watershed area in the upstream and to a forest
tree nursery beside it. This ‘watershed convergence template’ is illustrated below.

40
Figure 81. Convergence of watershed, water system, and tree nursery .

The priority watersheds supporting the 89 water systems will be the management
units for protection, enhancement, and rehabilitation. Figures on the following pages
show some of the water systems and facilities constructed by the local government
in the municipalities of Brooke’s Point, Narra, Aborlan, and Taytay. Community
residents in the vicinity or downstream of the watersheds will be the ones to be
directly engaged in watershed protection and in the restoration of denuded areas of
the watershed.

This community involvement will be translated in terms of employment generation,

and ultimately, the local people will be given opportunity to manage the reforestation
project and maintain the forest tree nurseries. Costs and sample cash flows for the
tree species are included as Annexes 1, 2 and 3.

As part of the water conservation system, the effluent from the water system will be
used for the nursery. Water trickling down from the water could be either through
sprinkler or manual watering during dry seasons.

40
Image of watershed: http://rpitt.eng.ua.edu/Workshop/WSErorionControl/Module4/Module4_files/image066.jpg

84 | P a g e
 Figure 82. Water system in municipality of Brooke’s Point, Palawan.

Figure 83. Disinfection building in municipality of Narra water system project.

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 Figure 84. Water system in Barangay Bobosawen, Aborlan in southern Palawan.

Figure 85. Water system project in municipality of Taytay, northern Palawan.

Of the 89 water systems, fifteen (15) have been completed. The locations of these
completed water systems are shown in the following maps. The maps for the remaining 74
water systems may be sourced from the PCSD GIS Unit.

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 87 | P a g e
Figure 86. Sandoval Water System, Roxas.
 88 | P a g e
Figure 87. BusyBees Water System, Taytay.
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Figure 88. Pamantolon Water System, Taytay.
 90 | P a g e
Figure 89. Bubusawin and Tagalipid Water Systems, Aborlan.
 91 | P a g e
Figure 90. Water Systems of Bubusawin (Aborlan), Tagalipid (Aborlan), Estrella (Narra), Princess Urduja (Narra),
Karaniogan (Narra), and Calagetas (Narra).
 92 | P a g e
Figure 91. Water systems of Princess Urduja, Karaniogan, Aramaywan, and Calagetas, Municipality of Narra.
 93 | P a g e
Figure 92. El Salvador Water System, Sofronio Española, and Filantropea Water System, Brooke’s Point.
 94 | P a g e
Figure 93.Punta Baja Water System, Rizal, and Cabinbin and Sareza Water Systems, Brooke’s Point.
95 | P a g e
Livelihood Needs Assessment
To wean the people away from environmentally destructive activities, alternative
livelihoods that are both sustainable and sufficient must be provided to
stakeholders. Assessments of potential livelihoods shall be conducted prior to project
interventions, in order to ensure that the livelihood activities will be culture-sensitive and
suitable to the beneficiaries. Potential livelihoods may include but shall not be limited
to the following:

1. Community-based sustainable tourism (CBST)

2. Non-timber forest product (NTFP)
3. Private tree plantation
4. Bricketing technology as alternative technology for charcoal
5. Poultry and livestock farming
6. Carabao dispersal
7. Herbal production
8. Weaving
9. Seedling production (through nurseries)
10. Abaca production
11. Skills training/livestock
12. Cooperative
13. Ecotourism (IPs/community can serve as guide)

Through the conduct of participatory workshops, livelihood options shall be consulted with
the communities prior to the final selection of livelihood interventions for the project.
Criteria for identifying and selecting livelihood shall include gender-responsiveness,
cultural sensitivity and biodiversity-friendliness. Beneficiaries will be selected based
on the said criteria, and will undergo training on livelihood and financial
management prior to the implementation of the interventions. These may include
skills and capacity building trainings on agroforestry, aqua-silviculture and
aquaculture; food processing, packaging and marketing. Sustainable Agricultural
Practices in the uplands and lowlands may also be introduced, such as SALT
(Sloping Agricultural Land Technology) and fallowing. Credit facilities and markets
for identified agri-forest commodities shall also be established to facilitate these
livelihood activities.

Other proposed project interventions are as follows:

96 | P a g e
Enrichment Planting / Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR)
The need for an effective and low cost forest and biodiversity restoration and
rehabilitation methods is now highlighted in the face of climate change,
anthropogenic causes and the global phenomenon of rapid loss of forests and
biodiversity. With an estimated 3,200 hectares of forests lost annually in the
province, the need to rehabilitate these degraded forests is inevitable.

ANR is a method for enhancing the establishment of secondary forest from

degraded grassland and shrub vegetation by protecting and nurturing the mother
trees and their wildlings inherently present in the area. ANR aims to accelerate,
rather than replace, natural successional processes by removing or reducing
barriers to natural forest regeneration such as soil degradation, competition with
weedy species, and recurring disturbances (e.g., fire, grazing, and wood
harvesting). In addition to protection efforts, new trees are planted when needed or
wanted (enrichment planting). With ANR, forests grow faster than they would
naturally. The said method is also proven to be cost efficient, provides job
opportunities for communities, contributes to strengthening biodiversity, and
increases carbon sequestration and carbon sinks which contribute to climate
change mitigation. With Palawan’s closed forests having an average annual carbon
41
sequestration rate of 4.61 tons of CO2 per hectare per year , the 15,000ha of
reforested area will be able to capture 69,150 tons of CO2 per year.

The project intervention aims to rehabilitate and then protect the remaining forests
in the province through ANR. The target area is along the proposed eco road or
forest line, or edges of the forests which will serve as buffer with a width of about
100 meters. Considering the total length of the forest line which is about 1,500
kilometers in mainland Palawan, an area of approximately 15,000 hectares is the
coverage of the project. The project intervention aims to rehabilitate and reforest
the approximately 15,000 hectares of degraded forestlands over ten (10) years or
about 1,500 hectares annually. Through the project, the current rate of forest loss
in the province will be reduced by about 47 percent.

Enrichment planting will be done in the target areas. Seedlings or wildlings of

indigenous species such as Ipil (Intsia bijuga), Apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus)
and Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis) will be planted therein. A spacing of 4
meters by 4 meters will be used in the project, thus, a total of 625 seedlings/wildlings

41
PCSD-DENR-World Bank. Pilot Ecosystem Account for Southern Palawan.

97 | P a g e
are required per hectare or about 1,125,000 planting materials including the 20%
mortality allowance for the 1,500 hectares target annually.

42
Figure 94. Trees for enrichment planting (L-R): Apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) , Ipil (Intsia
43 44
bijuga) and Philippine Teak (Tectona philippinensis) .

There are about 75,000 marginalized households or upland dwellers (or 30% of total
Palawan households) in the province. Since the project is labor intensive, this sector
of the population will be utilized. The project will provide employment to these
households in the form of labor. Approximately 1,500 households are needed
annually in the implementation of the project or about 15,000 households in 10
years. The total labor cost for the project is almost Php 25M with total required man-
days of about 125,497.60.

The total project cost is computed at Php 455,245,431.00 or about Php 30,349.70
per hectare.

42
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/wak1/164719173
43
Image source: http://philippinenativeforesttrees.blogspot.com/2010/03/ipil-intsia-bijuga-ibang-iba-sa-ipil.html
44
Image source: http://binhi.ph/database/future/tree_facts/result/Tectona+philippinensis

98 | P a g e
Figure 95. Closer view of the schematic diagram, focusing on Assisted Natural Regeneration for
the areas north of the forest line or eco road.

Communities will be engaged in the intervention, with social preparation through

seminars and trainings. They will provide majority of the labor force, and will be
provided compensation, amount of which can either be based on per working day
or per number of planted seedlings that survived. Additional work force may also be
outsourced as deemed necessary. Technical assistance, management and
supervision will be provided by the DENR, local government units (LGUs) and non-
government organizations (NGOs).

Nursery Establishment
As shown in the convergence template earlier, a tree nursery will be constructed for
every water system. The proposed nursery will be a one-hectare structure covering
200 nursery beds, with about 256,000 seedlings in total. Each nursery bed can
handle 1,280 seedlings contained in a plastic bag (6” diameter). It is estimated to
have 442 poles at 5 m by 5 m spacing. Table 6 shows the costs of the establishment
of 1 nursery, which amounts to Php 3.5 million.

Procurement of construction materials will commence the activity, with the

particulars and unit prices indicated in the following table:

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Table 6. Financial Requirement for Establishing One-Hectare Nursery

Particular Unit of Price / Required Amount

Item unit Amount (PHP)
1. Earth Works
Earth work in excavation Cum 150 442 66,300
Earth work in filling in excavation foundation cum 100 221 22,100
trenches

2. Masonry works (Concrete footing)

Gravel and sand in foundation Cum 1200 45 54,000
Steel reinforcement bars (10 mm) Pcs 105 884 92,820
Cement bag 255 221 49,725

3. Roofing
GI pipes poles (2”© G.I. Pipe) Pcs 1,275 220 280,500
Steel railing pipes (1⅟2”© G.I. Pipe) Pcs 940 720 676,800
Steel reinforcement pipes(1”© G.I. Pipe) Pcs 550 2,142 1,178,100
Fishnet roofing and siding roll 4,500 55 247,500
Bending, binding of steel reinforcement
Bolts and nuts, anchor bolts and holding
down bolts

Total 2,667,845.00
Labor Cost (30% of Total Cost) 800,353.00
Grand Total 3,468,198.50

Laborers will be outsourced for the construction of the nurseries. Seeds, plastic
bags, potting materials, seed beds and other requirements will also be procured.
Communities will be involved as care takers of the nurseries, and will be tasked of
the maintenance, potting and performing seedling transfer from seed beds to plastic
bags with soil. In line with this, trainings and orientations will be conducted to inform
and capacitate the people. It should be noted that the communities will not only be
partners in the project, but instead the main implementers. Thus, tenurial instruments shall
be prepared and processed by the DENR and the local government for the management of
the nurseries by the communities.

The following figures show the design of the proposed one-hectare nursery.

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Figure 96. Three-dimensional design of the proposed nursery, covering 200 nursery beds.

Figure 97. Closer view of the proposed nursery, with human model for scaling.

The nursery itself will be an operating business of its own. Seedlings produced from
the nurseries will be sold for enrichment planting and production forests at an agreed
price. Purchased seedlings will be transported to actual planting site or to satellite
nurseries strategically located along the areas for rehabilitation, which will be
maintained and directly managed by the communities. Administrative staff will also
be hired for accounting, bookkeeping, and other functions necessary for the
seedling business.

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Figure 98. Closer view of the proposed nursery beds.

Production Forest
About 100m south of the forest lines and within the Controlled Use Area of the
Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN), production forests will be
established to provide legal sources of lumber and fuel wood. A total of 15,000 ha
shall be targeted for forest plantations. Areas to be allocated for forest plantations
will be surveyed and mapped, and succeeded by land preparation. Seedlings will
also be procured from the adjacent tree nurseries, and will be hauled and
transported to the production forest for planting, which will be conducted during the
rainy season. Suggested species of trees to be used are Ipil-ipil (Leucaena
leucocephala), Mangium (Acacia mangium), and Gmelina (Gmelina arborea),
though the use indigenous species parallel with these three species in growth rate
and potential for lumber and fuelwood will also be considered.

Similar to the previous interventions, the communities will also be engaged in the
establishment, maintenance and operations of the production forests, and will be
duly compensated. To ensure that the communities will be the ones to directly manage the
production forests, the DENR and the local government will facilitate the preparation and
processing of tenurial instrument for community-based forest management. A series of
seminars, workshops and trainings will be conducted to introduce, prepare and
capacitate the people to the livelihood activity. Revenues from the plantation shall
be in the form of selling fuel wood harvested through yearly thinning activity, as well
as marketing of lumber harvested starting from the fifteenth year onwards.

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Furthermore, an administrative staff shall be hired for accounting and bookkeeping
functions. Meanwhile, the DENR, LGUs and NGOs may provide technical
assistance, management and supervision to the communities. Appropriate tenurial
instrument shall be developed for the beneficiaries with the DENR and the local
government.

Goat Raising and Pasture Development45

Another proposed primary livelihood will be goat raising, wherein goats and pasture
lands will be provided to communities for breeding and sale. A group of 3
households shall be provided by the project with one goat shelter, areas for grazing
and growing of forage, and 104 goat heads.

Procurement of Napier Planting Materials

Initial phase of the project will be the procurement of planting materials for Pakchong
1 napier grass, for goat forage. Pakchong 1 is a Napier variety which is a cross of
ordinary Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum
glaucum). One hectare of Pakchong 1 is capable of producing 500 tons in one year,
46
an amount sufficient enough to feed 50 dairy cows for 12 months . It yields crude
47
protein of about 16-18%, greater than the 8-12% of ordinary Napier . Considering
the food requirement of 1 adult cow is equivalent to the food requirement of 10 adult
goats, one hectare of Pakchong 1 can feed up to 500 goats for a year, or optimally
350 goats per year.

Land Preparation

For every one hectare of land, half will be allocated for Napier grass, providing
enough food for about 175 goat heads. The other half will be allocated for grazing.
Land preparation and planting will follow the “Tumbukiza” method, which include
ploughing and harrowing up to 10-12 inches in depth, application of farm yard
manure (FYM), and forming of ridges and furrows using a ridger 60 cm apart.
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) fertilizers shall also be applied before
planting. Cuttings of Napier are planted through furrows prepared next to harrowing.

45
Napier planting methods derived from presentation of Provincial Government of Palawan entitled “Pakchong
Napier (Pennisetum purpureum)”
46
Source: http://mb.com.ph/Agriculture/Agri_Plain_Talk/15702/A_super_napier_from_Thailand
47
Ibid.

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Planting

Irrigation will be through furrows, and one rooted slip/stem cutting will be planted
per hill. Planting distance shall be 50 x 50 cm, and 40,000 planting materials shall
be planted to one hectare of land.

Maintenance

Immediately after planting, the Napier grass will be given irrigation on the third day
and thereafter once in 10 days. Sewage or waste water can also be used for
irrigation. Hard weeding is also done whenever necessary.

Cutting / Harvesting

For Napier grass, first harvest is to be done on 75 to 80 days after planting, while
succeeding harvests will be at intervals of 45 days, which yields around 400 t/ha.
Pakchong 1 will be cut and carried to the goat shelter for forage. This shall be done
during the rainy seasons, when grazing is impossible.

Construction of Goat Shelter for Cut and Carry

A goat shelter will be constructed for every 3 households, establishing a partnership

among them. The goat shelter will accommodate 104 goat heads. Table below
shows the details and costs of construction of one goat shelter, which amounts to
Php 483,000.

Table 7. Cost of Construction of One Goat Shelter.

Material Labor
Work Item Cost Cost Total Cost Total Cost
Item Qty Unit
Description Php/ Php/ Php/ Unit Php
Unit Unit
1.0 Site Construction
1.1 Clearing and 130 sq.m. 20.00 20.00 2,600.00
Grubbing
1.2 Excavation, Backfilling 15 cu.m. 400.00 400.00 6,000.00
and Compaction
1.3 Gravel Bedding 2 cu.m. 1,600.00 480.00 2,080.00 4,160.00
1.4 Anti-Termite Control 150 sq.m. 27.50 8.25 35.75 5,362.50
Sub Total 18,122.50
2.0 Concrete

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 Material Labor
Work Item Cost Cost Total Cost Total Cost
Item Qty Unit
Description Php/ Php/ Php/ Unit Php
Unit Unit
2.1 Concreting Works 5 cu.m. 4,000.00 1200.00 5,200.00 26,000.00
2.2 Concrete Formworks 20 sq.m. 500.00 150.00 650.00 13,000.00
Sub Total 39,000.00
3.0 Steel Reinforcement
3.1 Deformed Round 67 pcs 230.00 69.00 299.00 20,033.00
Bars, (12mm x 6m)
3.2 Deformed Round Bars 32 pcs 150.00 45.00 195.00 6,240.00
(10mm x 6m)
Sub Total 26,273.00
5.0 Metal Works
5.1 Roofing and 1 L.S. 100,000.00 100,000.00
Accessories
5.2 Steel floor framing 1 L.S. 200,000.00 200,000.00
Sub Total 300,000.00
11.0 Plumbing & Sanitary L.S. 50,000.00 50,000.00
Works
Sub Total 50,000.00
12.0 Electrical Works L.S. 50,000.00 50,000.00
Sub Total 50,000.00
TOTAL 483,395.50

Figures below show the design of the proposed goat shelter.

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Figure 99. Three-dimensional design of the proposed goat shelter, with capacity of 104 goat heads.

Figure 100. Design of the proposed goat shelter, with human model for scaling.

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Figure 101. Frontal view of the proposed goat shelter.

Grazing area and Fencing

Half hectare will be allocated for the grazing area per one goat shelter during the
dry seasons. Perimeter fences shall be constructed, and the area will be divided
into modules for feeding purposes. Hence, the goats will be allowed to graze at one
component, and will only be transferred to another component once the first one is
out of adequate grass.

Procurement, Breeding and Sale of Goat

As aforementioned, one goat shelter will be able to house 104 goat heads, with a
48
ratio of 4 bucks to 25 does . Considering the age and weight of the doe, she may
be bred for the first time when she is about eight (8) months old. Similarly, a buck
should be allowed to serve does for the first time when he is also 8 months old.
Meanwhile, the marketable age of a kid or young goat is 6 months old. Culling and
replacement of goats shall be applied whenever necessary.

A sample cash flow for goat raising is included in this document (see Annex 4).

Bookkeeping and Accounting

48
Recommended ratio from PCARRD-DOST. The Philippines Recommends for Goat Farming. 2008.

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Administrative staff shall be hired to handle bookkeeping and accounting for the
goat raising business of one cooperative.

Management and Supervision

One project manager shall be assigned to oversee the operations of the activity.
The DENR, LGUs and NGOs may also provide assistance through technical
services and mentoring.

Housing and Settlement

As deemed necessary and agreed upon by the communities from the upland areas, they
will be relocated to areas south of the eco roads (forest lines), where they will be
provided with housing and livelihood. Resettlement of “diwan” or non-Indigenous People
occupying the forest areas, protected areas and critical habitats, and practicing kaingin
farming, shall be prioritized. Applicable tenurial instruments (e.g., ISF, CBFM) shall be
processed and be granted to them.

Survey of Upland Occupants

Prior to resettlement, a survey of upland dwellers shall be conducted to determine their

tenurial status and other relevant data as part of forest ecosystem benchmarking. This may
be certified by the respective barangay officials to ensure consistencies and validity.

Land Development

Areas for settlements shall be identified through survey and mapping, and will be
located south of the forest boundary.

Fabrication of houses/knockdown, Transport and Delivery, and Installation

In consideration of the indigenous people among the relocated communities,

traditional houses of Tagbanua and Pala’wan tribes will serve as model for the
houses to be constructed. The table below shows the cost of establishing 1 house
per household, including the labor cost, which sums up to Php 148,280.

Table 8. Financial Requirement for Establishing 1 House for 1 Relocated Family.

HOUSING (One (1) Packet):
Quantity Unit Particulars Unit Price Total
3 bundle Sawali 1,000.00 3,000.00
16 cu.m. Mahogany post 6in X 6in X 14ft 2,120.00 33,920.00
1340 sq.ft. Bamboo shingles 1ft X 1ft 5.00 6,700.00

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 HOUSING (One (1) Packet):
Quantity Unit Particulars Unit Price Total
68 pcs. Mahogany 2in X 3in X 14 (ft bd.ft.) 355.00 24,140.00
73 pcs. Mahogany 2in X 2in X 14 (ft bd.ft.) 235.00 17,155.00
10 kgs. Ordinary Nails (assorted sizes) 60.00 600.00
210 pcs. Bamboo 3in X 0.25in X 14ft 10.00 2,100.00
87,615.00
Cost for Other Facilities (Water, Electricity and Toilet) 30,000.00
Labor (35% from the total housing cost) 30,665.00
TOTAL (one housing cost per beneficiary): 148,280.00
GRAND TOTAL: 148,280.00 X 37,500 beneficiaries 5,560,500,000.00

The constructed houses shall be transported to the settlement areas for installation.
This will be followed by the installation of water system and electricity, and provision
of sanitation.

The following figures show the design of the proposed house for the beneficiaries.

Figure 102. Three-dimensional design of houses to be constructed for the relocating communities.

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Figure 103. Design of the houses for relocating communities.

Figure 104. Floor plan of the proposed house.

Another design that can serve as model house is the Zero Carbon Resort (ZCR)
Demo House located at the Palawan Sustainable Development Training Institute
(PSDTI) Compound, Barangay Irawan, Puerto Princesa City. Construction of the
building, as well as the installation of energy efficient technology, was completed in
2014, amounting to about Php 4.6 million. The house features solar- and biomass-
based energy generation systems, which supply electricity to all appliances in the
demo house. This model cottage is part of Redesign strategy of the ZCR Project
funded by the Centre for Appropriate Technology (GrAT).

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Figure 105. Façade, living room and dining area of the Zero Carbon Resorts (ZCR) cottage at
PSDTI Compound, Barangay Irawan, Puerto Princesa City.

Forest Line Boundary Delineation and Demarcation/Primary

Forest/Open and Close Canopy
Orientation and Briefing

All stakeholders will be oriented and brief on the principles, concept, goals,
objectives and purpose of the forest line delineation and demarcation. This is to
clarify the boundaries of the forests (primary, open and close canopy) with other
land uses.

Inventory of Upland Dwellers, Forest Occupants, IPs Survey, Inventory and

Registration

There will be an inventory of upland dwellers, forest occupants as well as of

indigenous people survey, inventory and registration to determine their quantity,
distribution and other socio-economic profiles. This is very important in determining
who are the proper stakeholders and beneficiaries of the project.

Contract/Partnership to the Survey, Delineation, Demarcation with the

Community, Barangay, Municipal and Provincial

Contracts/partnerships and agreements in the forest line survey, delineation and

demarcation will be forged with the community, barangay, municipal and provincial
governments to avoid overlapping with tenured areas and to have proper

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coordination with other agencies in the conduct of the surveys. This is very important
since they are the ones who will be directly impacted by the project.

Forest Land Use Plans (FLUPs)

The FLUPs of the municipalities will be used in the forest line delineation and
demarcation. LGUs will be properly consulted and the land uses that have been
already proposed will be supported and incorporated in the project.

Road Alignment with the Buffer

Using available data and information, the road alignment with the buffer will be
properly mapped out and validated on the ground as to its slope, land cover and
topography.

Survey, Mapping and Delineation

Survey and delineation will be conducted for the protected areas, protection and production
forests, and CADT areas. Survey and validation of the political boundaries between and
among municipalities and between and among barangays shall also be conducted, including
the review of history and other relevant information to resolve any issue on administrative
boundaries. Conduct of ecosystem mapping for the whole province of Palawan shall also be
included.

High conservation value ecosystems shall also be delineated and demarcated, and will be
protected and managed under suitable instruments. Hence, these areas may be classified as
ECAN core or restricted use zone or critical habitat.

Overlay of Tenurial Instruments

All tenurial instruments issued within the forestlands will be overlayed with other
thematic maps to avoid conflicts and overlapping. Geographic Information System
(GIS) will be used in the analyses and interpretation of the maps.

Set-Up the Organization

An organization/technical working group/management team will be organized and

institutionalized that will oversee the entire process and implementation of the forest
line delineation and demarcation. This is to ensure the smooth implementation of
the activities, that all targets and goals are accomplished efficiently and effectively.

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Boundary Establishment

In establishing the forest boundaries, roads may be constructed to distinguish the

areas “north of the forest line” and those “south of the forest line”. Using bamboos as
boundary markers, biofencing shall also be conducted. Signboards and/or cement markers
shall also be used for boundary demarcation. The forest line (or eco road) shall have a
total length of about 1,500 kilometers surrounding the forest areas.

Inventory of Flora and Fauna

Palawan is beset by high biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction brought about
by land-use conversion, poaching and syndicated illegal wildlife trade. Considering
that the flora and fauna of the province is characterised by high endemism, majority
of plant and animal species could only be found in Palawan. It is therefore
imperative to conduct and update flora and fauna using secondary and primary data
collection. The State of the Environment (SOE) for Palawan could also serve as
reference for needed data. A governance scheme shall also be integrated include
the joint coordination of LGUs, DENR and other concerned agencies.

Forest Protection and Law Enforcement

In support to the existing enforcement authorities implementing environmental laws
such as the P.D. 705 (Revised Forestry Code), R.A. 9147 (Wildlife Act) and R.A.
8550 (Fisheries Code), forest stewards or guards shall be trained, deputized and
employed from the communities to monitor the forest areas through the eco roads.

Identify hotspots

To facilitate the efficient enforcement of environmental laws, identification of key

hotspot areas is necessary. The PCSDS in collaboration with partner law
enforcement agencies has identified biodiversity hotspots, more particularly in the
municipalities of Rizal, Quezon, Balabac, Bataraza and Taytay. These hotspots
shall be the basis for strategic deployment of forest guards across the province.

Stakeholders' analysis

There is a need to undertake stakeholders’ analysis to identify possible champions

who could provide assistance in halting poaching and wildlife trade.

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Enforcement Mobile Hotline

As reporting of illegal activities poses threats to informants, a mobile hotline must be

established and operated for simple and clear reporting protocols. The PCSD Konek,
which have been recently reactivated, is a quick response system where community
members and concerned citizens can report environmental violations and illegal
activities in their localities via short message service (SMS), without revealing their
identities and endangering themselves.

Professionalization of Enforcement System

Identified champions from the communities shall be trained and deputized into
Wildlife Enforcement Officers, before their engagement in enforcement activities.
They will undergo paralegal and technical trainings and will be provided with much
needed logistics such as transport, communication equipment and allowances and
incentives. Additionally, support shall be provided for litigation of cases filed by
WEOs concerning violations of environmental laws.

Organize the Inter-Agency Group

Ideally the forest protection component should be assisted by a community

environmental desk cum quick response system. The manpower who will be
involved in CLP QRS should be the identified champions and should be trained on
the conduct of information, education and communication (IEC) campaigns. The
CLP QRS shall report to the focal person to be designated by the Inter Agency
Group composed of the representatives from the DENR Central and Regional
Offices, PENRO, and the Municipal ECAN Boards.

To institutionalize enforcement and make it participatory, an Inter-Agency Task

Force (IATF) shall be created composing of representatives from law enforcement
authorities as well as from the communities. This will facilitate the conduct of join
operations of agencies against illegal activities in the upland and mangrove forests.

Environmental Law Enforcement Summit

Following the training and deputization of WEOs from the communities, a summit on
environmental law enforcement will be conducted in Palawan, wherein current conditions,
trends, and issues/concerns on the environment and environmental laws, as well as suggested
actions and schemes will be presented and discussed. Participants will include the deputized
WEOs, as well as representatives from DENR, PCSD, PNP, Philippine Coast Guard, and
other law enforcement authorities. Representatives from other sectors such as LGUs, civil

114 | P a g e
society organizations, academic institutions, business sector, and national government
agencies shall also be included.

Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Coastal Defense

Mangrove is a group of flowering plants, with 73 “true” mangrove species, growing
49
in 123 tropical to sub-tropical countries . The proposed project activities for
mangrove rehabilitation and coastal defense will target the improvement in the
condition and extent of mangrove forests to enhance its functions in providing
ecosystem services primarily for fishery and coastal defense. The initiative will be
divided into several components, including the survey and mapping of degraded
mangrove forests.

The project will involve the rehabilitation of 4,200 hectares denuded mangrove
forest. The proposed scheme is a 50-50 mix of Rhizopora species and those of other
species, and will not require a nursery as these planting materials shall be directly
supplied by each cooperator households as Rhizopora species propagules and as
potted seedlings for other mangrove species appropriate to the area. This project
intervention will require a total of Php 1,545,300,000 over a ten year period or an
average of Php 154,530,000 per year. The project will provide opportunity for local
communities to earn as service provider in the provision of seedlings and
propagules, planting, and monitoring. Costs of the project are attached in this
document (see Annex 5.1).

The project will target the rehabilitation of reverted areas under the Fishpond Lease
Agreement (FLA) being implemented by DA-BFAR, illegal and abandoned
fishponds, logged over areas cleared from debarking, and areas cleared for
domestic use. The table below shows the potential areas for rehabilitation, as
identified using satellite images accessed through Google Earth website.

Table 9. Potential Areas for Mangrove Rehabilitation per Municipality.

Municipality Area for Beneficiary (crab Existing Mangroves
Rehabilitation (has.) fattening) (2010) (has.)
Aborlan 51 331 1,562
Araceli 19 323 3,070
Balabac 1,701 271 6,487

49
Mangrove World Atlas, 2010

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 Municipality Area for Beneficiary (crab Existing Mangroves
Rehabilitation (has.) fattening) (2010) (has.)
Bataraza 891 436 8,213
Brooke's Point 6 0 602
Busuanga 45 836 1,650
Coron 35 1,155 2,074
Culion 35 6 2,821
Dumaran 36 572 5,167
El Nido 13 537 2,887
Espanola 35 24 1,261
Linapacan 12 379 756
Narra 9 9 1,322
Puerto Princesa City 348 0 6,401
Quezon 234 63 2,031
Rizal 612 237 3,140
Roxas 25 254 4,693
San Vicente 23 447 1,013
Taytay 35 1584 8,002
TOTAL 4,167 7,464 63,152
Round-off TOTAL 4,200 7,500 6,400

FLA Areas Area Developed Under- Un- Developed by Reverted

Granted (Ha) develope accounted illegal to DENR
(Ha) d (Ha) (Ha) occupants
PPC 672.29 97.92 253.68 20 301
Narra 94.46 47.00 47.46
Quezon 443.56 0 204.60 248.25
S. Espanola 297.26 128.33 164.18 4.75
B. Point 103.99 0 103.99
Coron 216.94 0 21.00 195.94
TOTAL 1,828.51 273.24 794.91 220.70 248.25 301

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Figures below illustrate sample target sites for rehabilitation.

Figure 106. Example target mangrove rehabilitation site for riverine mangrove, Rio Tuba River,
Municipality of Bataraza.

Figure 107. Example of target mangrove rehabilitation site for cleared areas by illegal tan barking,
Municipality of Bataraza.

The component will establish 500 meter belt of mangroves in order to protect
infrastructures such as airports and ports, built-up and settlement areas to serve as
natural defense against impacts of strong winds and waves. The figures below show
the steps in mangrove planting.

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Figure 108. Mangrove Outplanting (a) briefing; (b) rows preparation at 1-1.5 m distance; (c-f)
50
planting.

Mud Crab Culture

This intervention will engage community households to embark on a crab fattening
venture while serving as stewards protecting their mangrove forests. A total 7,500
coastal households will be engaged in crab fattening with each household allocated
a total of 10 cages that can hold 24 juvenile crabs or a total of 240 crabs which they
can harvest on a 30 day harvest cycle. A technical guide is included as Annex 6.

Social preparation for communities shall be conducted, including briefings, seminars

and orientations. Community members will be capacitated through training sessions
and workshops. Cages shall be constructed to shelter the mud crabs.

The main objective of this component is to ensure that the communities will culture
the crabs and earn adequately, while protecting the mangroves. This will require a
total of Php 152,550,000 over a ten (10) year period or Php 15,255 per year. The
cash flow for the proposed scheme for a household with 2 cages is shown in Annex
5.2. Payback period is 2 months and Return on Investment (ROI) is 35.60%.

This livelihood intervention will allow each cooperator household to earn a net

50
Source: Primavera JH, Savaris JD, Bajoyo B, Coching JD, Curnick DJ, Golbeque R, Guzman AT, Henderin JQ,
Joven RV, Loma RA & Koldewey HJ (2012). Manual on community-based mangrove rehabilitation – Mangrove
Manual Series No. 1. London, UK: ZSL. viii + 240 p.

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income of Php 7,050.00 per month.

Figure 109. Small-scale CRMP nurseries in Ajuy, Iloilo.51

52 53
Figure 110. Mud Crab Cage. Primavera, JH Figure 111. Mud Crab Fattening .

51
Source: Primavera JH, Savaris JD, Bajoyo B, Coching JD, Curnick DJ, Golbeque R, Guzman AT, Henderin JQ,
Joven RV, Loma RA & Koldewey HJ (2012). Manual on community-based mangrove rehabilitation – Mangrove
Manual Series No. 1. London, UK: ZSL. viii + 240 p.
52
Image source: www.seafdec.org
53
Image source: www.21food.comwww.mindanews.com

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Other Possible Interventions
Protected Area Management
Of the 240 protected areas in the Philippines, 11 or 4.58% of which are located in
Palawan, with a total area of 534,222 hectares. Of the 11 Protected Areas, one (1)
has congressional enactment, 5 have formal proclamation by the President and 5
are initial components of the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS).

Republic Act Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park 97,030 ha

BZ – 10 nautical miles

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River 22,202 ha

National Park

Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 1,983 ha

Mount Mantalingahan Protected 120,457 ha

With Landscape
Presidential El Nido Managed Resource Protected 89,135 ha
Proclamation Area

Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape 200,185 ha

and Seascape

Calauit Island Game Reserve and 3,400 ha

Wildlife Sanctuary

534,222 ha

Ecotourism Development

 Tenured migrants
 Indigenous Peoples
 1,000,000/enterprise
 Tree hiking
 Coastal Boating
 Mangrove walk

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  Education Tourism
 Culinary
 Souvenirs/Handicrafts
 Survey and mapping
 Project Identification
 Social Preparation
 Capacity Building
 Enterprise Management
 Agroforestry Development
 Bamboo Plantation Development
 Other tourism activities:
 Conduct assessment of potential tourism area
 Formulate & adopt Tourism Master Plan per municipality
 Conduct capacity enhancement/enrichment in the formulation of tourism
development plan
 Establish ecotourism sites and ecotourism livelihood programs
 Develop training programs on ecotourism activities such as bird watching, etc.
(IPs/community can serve as guide)
 Conduct record-checking of influx of tourists/visitors/immigrants to Palawan

Palawan Coastal and Marine Ecosystem and Rehabilitation Program

 Complete Assessment of Baseline Conditions accompanied by maps

 Capacity Development Program
 Social Preparation
 Improve and Restore the Ecological Functions of Coastal and Marine
Ecosystems
 Protection and Management (Research, IEC, Policy)
 Livelihood Development
 Coastal and Marine Population: 864,507 individuals or 216,127 households
 Coastline: 2,000 kilometers
 Coral Reef Hectarage: 125,523
 Livefish culture
 Fish capture
 Proposed Activities and Actions:

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  Amend policy on close season for RFF catching, trading and transport to
February until April every year
 Pursue suggested barangay resolution and position letter on seasonal pattern –
transfer to November to March of RFF closed season
 Provide technical, legal and enforcement support for the establishment,
protection and maintenance of marine protected areas and sanctuaries
 Establish fish sanctuaries per municipality
 Monitor all marine products
 Delineate and install buoys as markers
 Support enforcement of MPAs
 Conduct coral rehabilitation
 Establish advance command post to combat illegal fishing boats outside
Palawan
 Develop consolidated database to monitor all cases of illegal fishing
 Conduct study/research on appropriate technology for coastal erosions
 Exempt RFF caging during the close season
 Develop mariculture projects

Solid Waste Management

 Orientation
 Organization
 Barangays (Households)
 Municipal
 Provincial
 Segregation
 Organic Fertilizers for Vegetable Growing
 Feeds Livestock Development
 Factory (Recycle)
 Administration and Management
 Other Activities:
 Conduct capacity enhancement/enrichment in the formulation of solid waste
management plan
 Establish Solid Waste Facilities
 Strictly implement RA 9003
 Integrate ecological solid waste management
 Develop barangay SWM plans
 Develop septage management plan

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  Engage factories to handle wastes

Community Based Forest Management

 Project Identification
 Social Preparation
 Capacity Building
 Enterprise Development
 Administration and Management

Integrated Island Development Project

 Assessment
 Project Identification
 Social Preparation
 Community Organization
 Water Regime Enhancement (Small Water Impounding)
 Reforestation (Lumber and Fuelwood)
 Solid Waste Management
 Coastal and Marine Resources Management
 Food for the Home
 Agriculture
 Poultry and Livestock
 Herbal and Medicinal Plants
 Ecotourism Development
 Livefish culture
 Fish capture
 Handicrafts

Watershed Management

 Construct/install small water impounding projects

 Implement water source program (Level 1 and 2)
 Develop additional water supply systems
 Establish clear implementation and sustainability mechanisms
 Resolve issue on construction of water supply systems by PGP within the ancestral
domain claims of the IPs. (against Sec. 59 of Indigenous Peoples Rights Act)

123 | P a g e
  Identify water collection and reservoir

Revegetation and Forest Enrichment

 Conduct reforestation using high value fruit trees

 Identify and establish communal forests
 Develop and implement species conservation program
 Allocate areas within the ancestral lands for plantation forests for use by IPs as
fuelwood and lumber
 Support community tenure by DENR and local government
 Protect the remaining forests

Boundary demarcation

 Create/establish restoration zones

 Delineate, validate and fix ECAN Zones (to be consistent with actual ground
condition)
 Conduct validation/proper study on proposed downgraded areas
 Conduct validation on conflicting existing land use and ECAN map
 Re-evaluate ECAN zoning
 Conduct re-zoning to resolve issue on changes of DENR’s stand on land
classification

Livelihood and employment generation

 Strengthen technical livelihood resource program

 Provide alternative livelihood to affected stakeholders of PCSD Admin Order No. 5
or RFF Policy
 Introduce non-forest based livelihood support program
 Introduce/implement livelihood program that is not based or dependent on natural
resources
 Prioritize livelihood programs in the Annual Investment Plans of the LGU
 Promote TRV conservation
 Allocate areas for agriculture by NGAs (DOJ, etc.)
 Promote bio-charcoal and community plantations
 Provide additional capital for the livelihood activities of IPs

124 | P a g e
  Financial and technical support for the establishment of post-harvest and processing
facilities for agri-fishery products
 Establish clear implementation and sustainability mechanisms

Enforcement

 Strictly implement/enforce environmental laws

 Strictly implement penalties on violators
 Train and deputize (a) CADT guards/stewards and (b) coastal/marine patrols, and
deploy them to every barangay (bantay-dagat, bantay-CADT)
 Prohibit non-IP upland occupants on wildlife poaching/catching
 Provide security (Hazards, Threats, Litigation) and incentives to enforcement
officers
 Facilitate establishment of protection areas
 Provide mentoring on enforcement by mandated agencies
 Increase patrolling schedules (c/o PASu offices)
 Regular visit of Bantay Palawan IATF

Housing and Resettlement

 Provide relocation for informal settlers in the coastal areas

 Intervene (DENR) on encroachment of illegal occupants within public lands/
CADC/CADT areas

Permitting Systems

 Review existing permitting system (DENR, PCSD, etc.) to possibly streamline and
reduce fees and/or requirements for marginalized sector
 Establish and facilitate permitting system for IPs on the use, collection of forest
products (rattan, almaciga resin, etc.), including the processing of documents
 Facilitate and prioritize community enterprise permits for IPs (simplify and reduce
the requirements in permitting application), specifically in NTFP collection

Energy

 Consider the electricity needed for project interventions (resettlements, livelihood,

etc.)

125 | P a g e
  Harness renewable energy sources
 Install mini hydro-power on watersheds and water systems
 Install solar-power panels
 Follow/implement the Palawan Energy Master Plan but exclude coal and nuclear
 Request assistance from the local government on the issue of inadequate supply of
electricity

Education

 Incorporate education sector into the plan

 Coordinate with Local Government Academy

Infrastructure and road improvement

 Concretize various farm to market roads and access roads to tourism areas
 Construct road networks
 Facilitate access to market with good price of live fish during open season

Health

 Incorporate health sector in the proposal

 Facilitate implementation of RH Law to combat population increase

Other Activities and Suggested Actions Pertaining to the Proposed Project

 Encourage, promote and conduct more biodiversity studies and conducive processes
 Consider good practices of IPs and document their Indigenous Knowledge Systems
and Practices
 Conduct benefit-cost analysis of the project, especially on the beneficiaries
 Conduct of moral recovery program (led by religious sector)

126 | P a g e
127 | P a g e
Project Components
The major activities and outputs of the project are outlined below.

OUTPUT AND ACTIVITY

OUTPUT 1: NATURAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

IMPROVED

Activity 1 Forest ecosystem benchmarking

1.1 Conduct survey/census of forest occupants (including securing

of free prior and informed consent from indigenous cultural
communities)

1.1.1 Census of forest occupants

1.1.1 Social Preparation and Assessment (Enrichment

planting)

1.1.2 Social Preparation and Assessment (Production forest)

1.1.2 Social Preparation and Capacitation (Coastal)

1.2 Conduct survey and mapping (including validation)

1.2.1 Survey degraded and bare areas for enrichment

planting

1.2.2 Survey areas for production forests

1.2.3 Map closed canopy and old growth forests for

protection and areas for production forests

1.2.4 Survey, map and plan areas for mangrove rehabilitation

1.3 Conduct natural resources assessment (including coastal resource

monitoring)

1.3.1 Conduct biodiversity survey / inventory of flora and

fauna, including identification of unique Palawan forest
ecosystem types and their location (e.g., pine forests,
casuarina) for special protection and management

128 | P a g e
 1.4 Identify hotspots

1.5 Conduct valuation studies

1.6 Conduct carrying capacity assessment of forests

Activity 2 Revegetation and forest enrichment

2.1 Establish nurseries of native/indigenous species and

economically important species

2.2 Undertake Assisted Natural Regeneration (Enrichment

Planting)

2.3 Establish production forests

2.4 Revegetate mangrove stands

2.4.1 Seedling Production

2.4.2 Maintenance

2.4.3 Protection

OUTPUT 2: CORE ZONES AND FOREST PROTECTION BOUNDARIES

DELINEATED AND DEMARCATED

Activity 3 Boundary demarcation

3.1 Conduct feasibility studies and design of natural and hard

infrastructures to mark forest boundaries

3.2 Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to

infrastructure development in environmentally critical areas

3.3 Construct biophysical fence as forest boundaries

3.4 Put up signages on strategic locations

3.5 Construct eco-roads as forest boundaries based on feasibility

studies/EIA

OUTPUT 3: GREEN ENTERPRISE AND LIVELIHOODS CREATED

Activity 4 Livelihood and employment generation

129 | P a g e
 4.1 Conduct Livelihood Needs Assessment and Technical
Assessment

(Note: Criteria for identifying livelihood shall include gender-

responsiveness, cultural sensitivity and biodiversity-friendliness.
Potential livelihoods may include CBST, NTFP, private tree
plantation, bricketing technology as alternative technology for
charcoal)

4.2 Select beneficiaries based on criteria and train them on

livelihood and financial management (including training on
agroforestry/aqua-silviculture/aquaculture and Sustainable
Agricultural Practices in the uplands and lowlands such as SALT
(Sloping Agricultural Land Technology), fallowing and swidden
farming based on IKSP (Indigenous Knowledge Systems and
Practices)

*Sustainable Agricultural Practices in the uplands and lowlands

4.3 Establish well-tested livelihood packages (including goat raising

and mud crab fattening)

4.3.1 Goat Farming (including construction of goat shelter)

4.3.2 Mud crab fattening

4.4 Establish livelihood/market infrastructures and facilities

4.4.1 Establish credit facilities and markets for identified agri-

forest commodities

4.4.2 Put up common service trading facilities

4.4.3 Provide opportunities for community-managed micro-

financing

4.5 Monitor sustainability of livelihood projects

Activity 5 Advocacy

5.1 Formulate comprehensive development communication plan

5.2 Conduct social marketing study

130 | P a g e
 5.3 Develop and produce high impact IEC materials

5.4 Conduct and intensify IEC and awareness campaigns on environment

and natural resources, and environmental conservation, protection and
restoration strategies

5.4.1 IEC Campaigns on household and school levels

5.5 Organize and engage upland and mangrove

settlers/communities as lead in forest conservation and protection
through innovative approaches such as citizen science sessions
(CSS)

5.5.1 Conduct citizen science sessions (CSS) related to

conservation and climate change in the communities

5.6 Train community members in best practices of environment and

natural resource management and community-based monitoring of
ecosystems

Activity 6 Housing and Settlement

6.1 Land development

6.2 Fabrication of houses/knockdown

6.3 Transport and delivery

6.4 Installation

6.5 Water system, electrical, sanitation

OUTPUT 4: GREEN EMPLOYMENT FOR FOREST GUARDS ESTABLISHED

Activity 7 Forest protection program

7.1 Establish a green employment system for recruiting qualified

community members as forest guards, with compensation pattern

7.2 Establish and operate enforcement mobile hotline for communities,

and simple and clear reporting protocols

7.3 Develop and implement incentive-disincentive mechanism

131 | P a g e
 7.4 Train potential forest guards in forest protection and
management

7.5 Hire, deputize and deploy forest guards for terrestrial and
mangrove forests to every barangay

7.6 Create inter-agency task force for enforcement, involving the

communities

OUTPUT 5: LOCAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

ESTABLISHED AND STRENGTHENED

Activity 8 Pursue integrated watershed management actions

8.1 Delineate and demarcate watershed boundaries

[Construct bio-fence using appropriate species (indigenous and, if

applicable, fire-resistant species)]

8.2 Create and/or activate local watershed management

councils/bodies

8.3 Strengthen local watershed management councils/bodies

8.4 Facilitate declaration of watershed areas and application for water

rights by the community

OUTPUT 6: PROJECT PROGRESS MONITORED AND EVALUATED

Activity 9 Project Management

9.1 Coordination with partners/other agencies

9.2 Develop participatory monitoring and evaluation schemes with local

communities, and allow for adaptive management

9.2.1 Procurement of equipment and drones for monitoring

9.2 Monitor project accomplishments and benefits (monthly and

quarterly)

9.3 Evaluate and assess project benefits and accomplishments

(semestral, midterm and end of project)

132 | P a g e
Project Cost
The proposed ten-year (2017-2026) project budget across 8 project components is
Php 25.4 billion, with an average annual cost of Php 2.54 billion. The proposed
cost per component are indicated in the table below.

Table 10. Project Cost per Component

OUTPUT AND ACTIVITY BUDGET (PHP)

OUTPUT 1: NATURAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST
ECOSYSTEMS IMPROVED
Activity 1 Forest ecosystem benchmarking 59,812,780
Activity 2 Revegetation and forest enrichment 12,400,758,878
OUTPUT 2: CORE ZONES AND FOREST PROTECTION
BOUNDARIES DELINEATED AND DEMARCATED
Activity 3 Boundary demarcation 3,123,650,870
OUTPUT 3: GREEN ENTERPRISE AND LIVELIHOODS
CREATED
Activity 4 Livelihood and employment generation 3,973,233,166
Activity 5 Advocacy 34,367,210
Activity 6 Housing and Settlement 5,560,500,000
OUTPUT 4: GREEN EMPLOYMENT FOR FOREST GUARDS
ESTABLISHED
Activity 7 Forest protection program 251,746,500
OUTPUT 5: LOCAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
ESTABLISHED AND STRENGTHENED
Activity 8 Pursue integrated watershed management actions 23,915,750
OUTPUT 6: PROJECT PROGRESS MONITORED AND
EVALUATED
Activity 9 Project Management 8,231,500
TOTAL COST 25,436,216,653
AVERAGE ANNUAL COST 2,543,621,665

Implementation Arrangement
The Provincial Government of Palawan (PGP) and the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) shall enter into a Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA) for Forest Protection, Rehabilitation and Co-management in the whole
province of Palawan.

133 | P a g e
134 | P a g e
 DRAFT MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED PALAWAN INTEGRATED

NATURAL RESOURCES PROJECT

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:

This Memorandum of Cooperation is entered and executed between and among:

The Provincial Government of Palawan (PGP) created by the Philippine

Commission Act No. 1363 of 1903 with office address at 2/F Capitol Building,
Puerto Princesa City, represented by Hon. Jose Ch. Alvarez, Provincial Governor,
hereinafter referred to as the PGP;

-and-

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) with office

address at DENR Building, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, represented by
Hon. Regina Lopez, in her capacity as DENR Secretary, hereinafter referred to as
DENR;

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, Palawan is considered a global treasure on account of its beauty,

natural wealth and significant contribution to the national economy as well as its
status as a Man and Biosphere Reserve, a mega-biodiversity site and home to
numerous protected areas, two of which – the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River
National Park and the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park are UNESCO World heritage
Sites and Wetlands of Economic Importance.

WHEREAS, despite its rich natural resources, the province is confronted with high
poverty level registered at 61% of the total households (CBMS, PPDO 2014);
prompting them to engage in illegal environmental activities as their source of
livelihood;

WHEREAS, the DENR by virtue of Executive Order No. 192, is the lead national
government agency tasked with environmental management and protection with
funding support from the national government;
WHEREAS, the DENR by virtue of Executive Order No. 26 and its Implementing
Rules and Regulations, engages the services of private sectors, civil society
organizations, non-government entities in the implementation of the Enhanced
National Greening Program (ENGP);

WHEREAS, there is a need for cooperation of the local government in the

promotion, education and the formulation of management plans for such protection
of the environment;

WHEREAS, the Provincial Government of Palawan shares with the national

government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological
balance within its territorial jurisdiction as stipulated in Sections 7 and 8 of the IRR
of RA 7160; and is therefore offers to partner with the DENR in the implementation
of the ENGP in the province to halt further forest and coastal marine degradation;

WHEREAS, the PGP is submitting its proposal entitled Palawan Integrated Natural
Resources Management Project to reverse the long-term decline of Palawan’s
forest over a period of ten (10) years in support to the DENR’s Enhanced National
Greening Program;

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises herein set
forth, the parties herein agree as follows:

ARTICLE 1. OBJECTIVES of this AGREEMENT

The PARTIES enter into this MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT for the purpose of
establishing a co-management scheme and funding of the proposed Palawan
Integrated Natural Resources Management Project between the Provincial
Government of Palawan and the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources.

ARTICLE 2. AREAS OF COLLABORATION

1. Conduct of pre-summit stakeholders’ consultation for presentation, solicitation of

comments from stakeholders for further enhancement of the aforementioned project
proposal and ultimate adoption and endorsement of the stakeholders.

2. Co-management and implementation of the Integrated Natural Resources

Management Project.
 ARTICLE 3. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARTIES

The Provincial Government of Palawan shall:

1. Submit to the DENR the proposed project including its feasibility study and
implementation details;

2. Assign/designate specific technical experts and manpower requirement needed

for the implementation of the project;

3. Allocate local counterpart funds amount ion to Php 3 billion over the 10-year
project implementation span.

4. Furnish the DENR with a copy of Resolution from The Sangguniang

Panlalawigan authorizing the Governor to enter into this Memorandum of
Agreement.

5. Submit regular quarterly physical and financial report pertaining to the

implementation of the Palawan Integrated Natural Resources Management
Project.

The DENR shall:

1. Review, evaluate and approve the project proposal including its annual Work
and Financial Plan;

2. Allocate counterpart funds amounting to Php 900 million annually for the
implantation of the Project;

3. Request the Department of Budget and Management for the issuance of Notice
of Cash Allocation (NCA) to the DENR and the latter to facilitate the full transfer
of the same to the Provincial Government of Palawan based on the Annual Work
and Financial Plan (AWFP);
4. Assign focal technical persons in undertaking the identified areas of in order to
ensure the timely and efficient execution of the project sub-component/activities
as reflected in the approved Work and Financial Plan;

5. Extend necessary arrangement/s and coordination needed in the

implementation of approved programs and projects;

6. Share necessary data, reports, maps and other information to PGP needed for
this collaboration;

ARTICLE 4. EFFECTIVITY AND DURATION

This Memorandum of Agreement shall take effect upon signing of both parties and
shall remain in force within the 10-year project duration until amended, revoked or
terminated, in writing by mutual consent of ALL PARTIES.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their respective signatures
this __ day of November 2016 in Puerto Princesa City

FOR PGP: FOR THE DENR:

JOSE CH. ALVAREZ REGINA PAZ L. LOPEZ

Provincial Governor Secretary

WITNESSES

_____________________________ ___________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Republic of the Philippines)

City of Puerto Princesa ) SS.

BEFORE ME, a Notary Public for the City of Puerto Princesa and in the
Province of Palawan, this ___ day of _________ 2016, personally came and
appeared to me the following persons who executed the foregoing instrument which
she acknowledged before me as their free and voluntary act and deed.

Name Identification Card No. Issued by

Notary Public

Doc. No. ________ :

Page No. ________:

Book No. ________:

Series of 2014 :
ANNEX 1.1: Projected Income for one-hectare Acacia mangium and Gmelina Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Gross Revenue - - 468,750.00 - 117,187.50 - - -
Fuelwood (thinning harvest) 468,750.00 117,187.50
Lumber
Cost Nursery operations a 101,265.00
Plantation establishment b 17,613.10
Thinning cost 6,900.00 1,725.00
Plantation maintenance 45,123.30 45,123.30 45,123.30
Infrastructure b 1,685.90
Project Mgt. Cost
Tree marking and Inventory
Harvesting (felling and bucking)
Total Cost 165,687.30 45,123.30 52,023.30 - 1,725.00 - - -
Net Income (165,687.30) (45,123.30) 416,726.70 - 115,462.50 - - -

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for Forest Development and Rehabilitation in the Philippines. Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna G. Carandang (2009)
ANNEX 1.1: Projected Income for one-hectare Acacia mangium and Gmelina Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Total (10yrs) Total (15yrs)
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
Gross Revenue - 2,545,356.80 - - - - 846,643.20 3,131,294.30 3,977,937.50
Fuelwood (thinning harvest)
Lumber 2,545,356.80 - - - - 846,643.20 2,545,356.80 846,643.20
Cost Nursery operations a
Plantation establishment b
Thinning cost
Plantation maintenance
Infrastructure b
Project Mgt. Cost
Tree marking and Inventory 17,500.00 10,000.00
Harvesting (felling and bucking) 477,254.40 158,745.60
Total Cost - 494,754.40 - - - - 168,745.60 759,313.30 928,058.90
Net Income - 2,050,602.40 - - - - 677,897.60 2,371,981.00 3,049,878.60

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for Forest Development and Rehabilitation in the Philippines. Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna G. Carandang (2009)
Assumptions
Gmelina
Year planting trees/ha thinning felling and projected yield
distance bucking
1 1x1 10000
3 2x2 2500 7500 100 cu.m./ha
5 4x4 625 1875 200 cu.m./ha
10 8x8 156 469 250 cu.m./ha
15 8x8 0 156 300 cu.m/ha
 ASSUMPTIONS:

35 m3/ha/yr = harvestable volume

1 m3 = 424 bd ft./m3
market value = P40/bd.ft timber price
felling and bucking cost= P6/bd. Ft
(Ref: Rodney Berian, 2016)

tree marking and inventory - P2,500/person 10th year - 7 days 15th year - 4 days

fuelwood = P250/m3

0.25 m3 = 1 tree 3rd, 5th year volume

0.4 m3 = 1 tree 10th year volume
0.8 m3 = 1 tree 10th, 15th year recovery factor
MAI less than 10 yr = 1.5 cm/yr

250 trees/day/person labor capacity for thinning

P230/day labor cost
For Charcoal:

0.65 cubic meter 1 stere

2.2 steres, fuelwood 1 cubic meter, charcoal
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0.05 cubic meter, charcoal 15 kg, charcoal

15 kgs, charcoal 1 sack, charcoal

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charcoal-wood.html
70 price per sack, Php
1875 cubic meter, fuelwood, 1 ha, 3rd yr thinning
2885 steres, fuelwood
1311 cubic meter, charcoal 0.70 charcoal
recovery factor

1748 sack, charcoal

122,378 charcoal production/1 ha, Php
at 2,500 trees 40,792.54 3,399.38
Cost estimates for fuelwood plantations, 1 x 1 m spacing, ipil-ipil/mangium/gmelina

MATERIAL COSTS LABOR COSTS

UNIT OF TOTAL COSTS COST PER
COMPONENT / ACTIVITY GOAL/HA INPUTS UNIT Mandays Cost/
MEASURE COST / ha (P) COST/ ha (P) / HA (P) SDLG (P)
Required COST Required Manday
A. OPERATIONAL COST 10,000

1. NURSERY OPERATIONS
Procurement of seedlings seed 10,000 seeds 10.00 100,000.00 1 230.00 115.00 100,115.00 10.01
Maintenance of seedlings sdlg 10,000 water 5 230.00 1,150.00 1,150.00 0.12

SUBTOTAL 100,000.00 6 230.00 1,265.00 101,265.00 10.13

PERCENTAGE 98.75 1.25
2. PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT
Brushing (strip 2m-wide, 300 sq m/md) sq.m. 1,250 4 230.00 959.10 959.10 0.38
Staking (500 spots/md) stake 10,000 Bamb. Stakes 0.50 5,000.00 5 230.00 1,150.00 6,150.00 2.46
Hole Digging (150 spots/md) hole 10,000 17 230.00 3,836.40 3,836.40 1.53
Seedling transport/hauling (240 sdlg/md) sdlg 10,000 11 230.00 2,631.20 2,631.20 1.05
Planting (150 sdlg/md) sdlg 10,000 17 230.00 3,836.40 3,836.40 1.53
Tools & materials 200.00 200.00 0.08
SUBTOTAL 5,200.00 54 230.00 12,413.10 17,613.10 7.05
PERCENTAGE 29.52 70.48
3. PLANTATION MAINTENANCE &
PROTECTION (3 yrs)
Ringweeding/spot cultivation (1m radius) spots
Year 1 (3 passes, 100 spots/md) spots 10,000 30 230.00 6,900.00 6,900.00 2.76
Year 2 (4 passes, 120 spots/md) spots 2,500 18 230.00 4,140.00 4,140.00 1.66
Year 3 (2 passes, 150 spots/md) spots 625 3 230.00 690.00 690.00 0.28
Replanting, 20% (including sdlg transport) spots 2,000 sdlgs 10.00 20,000.00 3 230.00 763.60 20,763.60 166.11
Fertilizer application
Year 1 (1 pass, 100 g/spots) spots 10,000 fertilizer 21.60 5,400.00 5 230.00 1,150.00 6,550.00 2.62
Year 2 (1 pass, 100 g/spots) spots 2,500 fertilizer 21.60 5,400.00 2 230.00 358.80 5,758.80 2.30
Patrol work ha 1 1 230.00 305.90 305.90 0.12
Tools 15.00 15.00 0.01
SUBTOTAL 30,815.00 62 230.00 14,308.30 45,123.30 175.85
PERCENTAGE 68.29 31.71
 MATERIAL COSTS LABOR COSTS
UNIT OF TOTAL COSTS COST PER
COMPONENT / ACTIVITY GOAL/HA INPUTS UNIT Mandays Cost/
MEASURE COST / ha (P) COST/ ha (P) / HA (P) SDLG (P)
Required COST Required Manday
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
Nursery facilities (1nursery/400 has.)
Graded trail (1m-wide, 50m/ha) meter 50 0 230.00 75.90 75.90 0.03
Footpath (1m-wide, 50m/ha) meter 50 0 230.00 75.90 75.90 0.03
Fireline const'n (10m width, 120m/md) sq.m. 500 4 230.00 959.10 959.10 0.38
Fireline maintenance (200 sq m/md) sq.m. 500 3 230.00 575.00 575.00 0.23

SUBTOTAL - 7 230.00 1,685.90 1,685.90 0.67

PERCENTAGE - 100.00
TOTAL OPERATION COST 136,015.00 128 230.00 29,672.30 165,687.30 193.70
PERCENTAGE 82.09 17.91
B. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
COST (PMC) (15% of TOC)
a. First Year (40% of PMC)
b. Second Year (30% of PMC)
c. Third Year (30% of PMC)
SUBTOTAL - -
GRAND TOTAL 165,687.30 193.70
ANNEX 1.2: Projected Income for one-hectare
Ipil-ipil Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION 1 2 3 4 5
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Gross Revenue Fuelwood (thinning harvest) 468,750.00 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50
Cost Nursery operations 101,265.00
Plantation establishment b 17,613.10
Thinning cost/Labor cost 6,900.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00
Plantation maintenance 45,123.30 45,123.30 45,123.30
Infrastructure b 1,685.90
Project Mgt. Cost
Total Cost 165,687.30 52,023.30 46,848.30 1,725.00 1,725.00
Net Income (165,687.30) 416,726.70 70,339.20 115,462.50 115,462.50
Monthly Net Income 34,727.23 5,861.60 9,621.88 9,621.88

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for

Forest Development and
Rehabilitation in the Philippines.
Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna
G. Carandang (2009)
ANNEX 1.2: Projected Income for one-hectare
Ipil-ipil Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION 6 7 8 9 10
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Gross Revenue Fuelwood (thinning harvest) 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50
Cost Nursery operations
Plantation establishment b
Thinning cost/Labor cost 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00
Plantation maintenance
Infrastructure b
Project Mgt. Cost
Total Cost 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00
Net Income 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50
Monthly Net Income 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for

Forest Development and
Rehabilitation in the Philippines.
Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna
G. Carandang (2009)
ANNEX 1.2: Projected Income for one-hectare
Ipil-ipil Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION 11 12 13 14 15
2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
Gross Revenue Fuelwood (thinning harvest) 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50 117,187.50
Cost Nursery operations
Plantation establishment b
Thinning cost/Labor cost 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00
Plantation maintenance
Infrastructure b
Project Mgt. Cost
Total Cost 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00 1,725.00
Net Income 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50 115,462.50
Monthly Net Income 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88 9,621.88

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for

Forest Development and
Rehabilitation in the Philippines.
Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna
G. Carandang (2009)
ANNEX 1.2: Projected Income for one-hectare
Ipil-ipil Plantation

FINANCIAL PROJECTION
Total (15yr) Total (10yr)
Gross Revenue Fuelwood (thinning harvest) 1,992,187.50 1,406,250.00
Cost Nursery operations
Plantation establishment b
Thinning cost/Labor cost
Plantation maintenance
Infrastructure b
Project Mgt. Cost
Total Cost 285,258.90 276,633.90
Net Income 1,706,928.60 1,129,616.10
Monthly Net Income 107,941.95

Reference: Activity and Cost Standards for

Forest Development and
Rehabilitation in the Philippines.
Antonio P. Carandang and Myrna
G. Carandang (2009)
Assumptions
Ipil ipil
planting P250/m3 selling price of fuelwood
Year trees/ha thinning
distance
1 1x1 10,000 0 .25 m3 = 1 tree 2nd, 3rd year volume
2 2x2 2,500 7,500 .10 m3/tree 4th and onwards volume
3 4x4 625 1,875 MAI less than 10 yr = 1.5 cm/yr
4 4x4 625 250 trees/day/person labor capacity for thinning
5 4x4 625 P230/day labor cost
6 4x4 625 I hectare 1 household
7 4x4 625
8 4x4 625
9 4x4 625
10 4x4 625
11 4x4 625
12 4x4 625
13 4x4 625
14 4x4 625
15 4x4 625
Annex 1.3: Agroforestry Project
Species Universe
No. of hectare No. of Total investment Total gross Total net income Net income per
household (Php) in 10yrs revenue (Php) in (Php) in 10yrs HH per month
beneficiary 10yrs
Gmelina 5,000 10,000 3,796,566,500 15,656,471,500 11,859,905,000 9,883
Acacia Mangium 5,000 10,000 3,796,566,500 15,656,471,500 11,859,905,000 9,883
Ipil-ipil 5,000 5,000 1,383,169,500 7,031,250,000 5,648,080,500 9,413
Total 15,000 25,000 8,976,302,500 38,344,193,000 29,367,890,500

Assumption:
I hectare 1 household

Species Investment per hectare (Php) Gross revenue per hectare (Php) Net income per hectare (Php)
10 years 15 years 10 years 15 years 10 years 15 years
Gmelina 759,313.30 928,058.90 3,131,294.30 3,977,937.50 2,371,981.00 3,049,878.60
Acacia Mangium 759,313.30 928,058.90 3,131,294.30 3,977,937.50 2,371,981.00 3,049,878.60
Ipil-ipil 276,633.90 285,258.90 1,406,250.00 1,992,187.50 1,129,616.10 1,706,928.60
Annex 2: Cost Estimates (ANR/Enrichment Planting)
Notes:
Area to be planted- 15,000 hectares over 10 years (1,500 hectares/year)
Species to be planted:
Ipil -Intsia bijuga
Apitong - Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Philippine Teak - Tectona philippinensis
Spacing- 4m x 4m
Density= 625 trees/ hectare

Due to limited number of entities selling or collecting

the seeds of these species, the price of the seedlings or
wildlings is computed at Php 15 each, slightly higher
than the Php 12 per seedling of the NGP

Annual Seed Requirement

Ipil -Intsia bijuga, 500 has. X 750 seedlings /180 seeds per kg. = 2,083 kgs.
Apitong - Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, 500 has. X 750 seedlings / 50 seeds per kg. = 7,500 kgs.
Philippine Teak - Tectona philippinensis, 500 has. X 750 seedlings / 1500 seeds per kg. = 250 kgs.
 Material Cost Labor Cost
COMPONENT / ACTIVITY Mandays Cost/ Cost/
Unit of Measure Goal/Year Unit Cost Total Cost Total Cost
Required Manday Hectare

A. OPERATIONAL COST
1. NURSERY OPERATIONS
Procurement of seedlings/wildlings seedlings/wildlings 1,125,000 15 16,875,000
Maintenance of seedlings seedlings/wildlings 1,125,000 2 1,835,105.60 7,978.72 230
Fertilizer application (5gm/p.bag) kg 5,625 21.6 121,500 375 230 105,750

SUBTOTAL
2. LOCATION AND ASSISTANCE TO REGENERANTS
Location & staking of regenerants (200/md) wildlings 900,000 1.41 1,035,000.00 4,500 230 690.00
Releasing/underbrushing, 200/md wildlings 900,000 1.41 1,035,000.00 4,500 230 690.00
3. SUPPLEMENTAL PLANTING
Ring brushing (1m rad, 300m2/md) m2 2,943,750 9812.5 230 2,256,875.00 1,504.58
Staking (550 spots/md) stake 937,500 1 937,500 1704.5 230 392,035.00 886.36
Hole digging (150 spots/md) hole 937,500 6250 230 1,437,500.00 958.33
Seedling transport/hauling (240sdlng/md) seedling 1,031,250 4296.88 230 988,282.40 659.22
Planting (150 sdlg/md) seedling 937,500 6250 230 1,437,500.00 958.00
SUB TOTAL 6346.49
3. PLANTATION MAINTENANCE &
PROTECTION (3 yrs)
Ringweeding/spot cultivation (1m radius) spots
Year 1 (3 passes, 100 spots/md) spots 937,500 28,125 230 6,468,750.00 4,312.50
Year 2 (4 passes, 120 spots/md) spots 937,500 31,245 230 7,186,350.00 4,790.90
Year 3 (2 passes, 150 spots/md) spots 937,500 12,495 230 2,873,850.00 1,915.90
Replanting, 20% (including sdlg transport) spots 187,500 4,980 230 1,145,400.00 763.60
Patrol work ha 1,500 1,995 230 458,850.00 305.90
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
Nursery facilities (1 nursery/400 ha)**
Graded trail (1m-wide, 50m/ha) m 75,000 495 230 113,850.00 93.06
Footpath (1m-wide, 50m/ha) m 75,000 495 230 113,850.00 93.06
SUBTOTAL 125,497.60 24,873,092.40
TOTAL OPERATION COST
 COMPONENT / ACTIVITY
TOTAL (Year 1) TOTAL (Year 2) TOTAL (Year 3) TOTAL (Year 4) TOTAL (Year 5) TOTAL (Year 6)

A. OPERATIONAL COST
1. NURSERY OPERATIONS
Procurement of seedlings/wildlings 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000
Maintenance of seedlings 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60
Fertilizer application (5gm/p.bag) 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00

SUBTOTAL 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60

2. LOCATION AND ASSISTANCE TO REGENERANTS
Location & staking of regenerants (200/md) 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00
Releasing/underbrushing, 200/md 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00
3. SUPPLEMENTAL PLANTING
Ring brushing (1m rad, 300m2/md) 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00
Staking (550 spots/md) 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00
Hole digging (150 spots/md) 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00
Seedling transport/hauling (240sdlng/md) 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40
Planting (150 sdlg/md) 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00
SUB TOTAL 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40
3. PLANTATION MAINTENANCE &
PROTECTION (3 yrs)
Ringweeding/spot cultivation (1m radius) 6,468,750.00 13,655,100.00 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00
Year 1 (3 passes, 100 spots/md) 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00
Year 2 (4 passes, 120 spots/md) 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00
Year 3 (2 passes, 150 spots/md) 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00
Replanting, 20% (including sdlg transport) 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00
Patrol work 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
Nursery facilities (1 nursery/400 ha)**
Graded trail (1m-wide, 50m/ha) 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00
Footpath (1m-wide, 50m/ha) 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00
SUBTOTAL 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00
TOTAL OPERATION COST 36,757,749.00 43,944,098.00 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00
 COMPONENT / ACTIVITY
TOTAL (Year 7) TOTAL (Year 8) TOTAL (Year 9) TOTAL (Year 10)

A. OPERATIONAL COST
1. NURSERY OPERATIONS
Procurement of seedlings/wildlings 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000 16,875,000
Maintenance of seedlings 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60 1,835,105.60
Fertilizer application (5gm/p.bag) 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00 227,250.00

SUBTOTAL 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60 18,937,355.60

2. LOCATION AND ASSISTANCE TO REGENERANTS
Location & staking of regenerants (200/md) 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00
Releasing/underbrushing, 200/md 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00 1,035,000.00
3. SUPPLEMENTAL PLANTING
Ring brushing (1m rad, 300m2/md) 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00 2,256,875.00
Staking (550 spots/md) 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00 1,329,535.00
Hole digging (150 spots/md) 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00
Seedling transport/hauling (240sdlng/md) 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40 988,282.40
Planting (150 sdlg/md) 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00 1,437,500.00
SUB TOTAL 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40 9,519,692.40
3. PLANTATION MAINTENANCE &
PROTECTION (3 yrs)
Ringweeding/spot cultivation (1m radius) 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00 16,528,950.00
Year 1 (3 passes, 100 spots/md) 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00 6,468,750.00
Year 2 (4 passes, 120 spots/md) 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00 7,186,350.00
Year 3 (2 passes, 150 spots/md) 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00 2,873,850.00
Replanting, 20% (including sdlg transport) 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00 1,145,400.00
Patrol work 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00 458,850.00
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
Nursery facilities (1 nursery/400 ha)**
Graded trail (1m-wide, 50m/ha) 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00
Footpath (1m-wide, 50m/ha) 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00 113,850.00
SUBTOTAL 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00 227,700.00
TOTAL OPERATION COST 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00 46,817,948.00 455,245,431.00 30,349.70 per
hectare
Annex 3: Nursery Costing
Nursery Operations 280,000
Unit Of
Goal Inputs Unit cost Cost Man-day Cost/md Total cost
Measure
Seed Procurement and Handling seed 280,000 seeds 0.50 140,000.00 140,000.00
Nursery Bed Preparation bed 200 362 230.00 83,260.00
Sowing of Seeds seeds 280,000 114 230.00 26,220.00
Gathering and Preparation of Soils cu.m 90 67,500.00 67,500.00
Potting of Seedlings pots 280,000 1,120 230.00 257,600.00
Preparation of Potbeds and Arranging of Pots pots 280,000 35 230.00 8,050.00
Maintenance of Seedlings seedling 280,000 1,960 230.00 450,800.00
Cost of Plastic Bags p. bags 280,000 35,280.00 35,280.00
Cost of Fertilizer and Application kg 280,000 fertilizer 21.60 30,240.00 35 230.00 38,290.00
Total 273,020.00 3,626 230.00 1,107,000.00

Total Man-days Cost 864,220.00

Nursery structure 2,667,845.00

Labor Cost 800,353.50 Employed on most extensive activity: 140 for 14 days
Total 3,468,198.50 Employed on least extensive activity: 5 for 7 days
Annex 3: Nursery Cashflow

INCOME 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Apitong 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00
Teak 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00
Ipil 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00
Gmelina 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00
Ipil-ipil 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00
Acacia mangium 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00
Total 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00

Total nursery 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00

operations cost
Total capital 3,468,198.50
outlay
Total income 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00
Profit (2,147,750.50) 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00

Payback period 2.626531677 years

capital outlay /
cashflow
Annex 3: Nursery Cashflow

INCOME 2023 2024 2025 2026 Total

Apitong 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 720,000.00
Teak 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 720,000.00
Ipil 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 72,000.00 720,000.00
Gmelina 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 8,000,000.00
Ipil-ipil 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 8,000,000.00
Acacia mangium 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 8,000,000.00
Total 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 26,160,000.00

Total nursery 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 1,295,552.00 12,955,520.00

operations cost
Total capital 3,468,198.50
outlay
Total income 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 2,616,000.00 26,160,000.00
Profit 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 1,320,448.00 9,736,281.50
Annex 4: Costing for 100 doe level, Goat
Farm

Capital Outlay
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Housing and Equipment 483,395.50
Fencing 80,000.00
Forage Garden Development 20,000.00
buck 20,000.00
Doe 500,000.00
Total 1,103,396

Projected Production Schedule (Number

of Heads)
breeder 46 92 46 92 46 92
for slaughter 68 136 68 136 68 136
Total 114 228 114 228 114 228

Projected Value of Sales

breeder 230,000.00 460,000.00 230,000.00 460,000.00 230,000.00 460,000.00
for slaughter 204,000.00 408,000.00 204,000.00 408,000.00 204,000.00 408,000.00
Total 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00
Annex 4: Costing for 100 doe level, Goat
Farm

Capital Outlay
Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Housing and Equipment 483,395.50
Fencing 80,000.00
Forage Garden Development 20,000.00
buck 20,000.00
Doe 500,000.00
Total 1,103,395.50

Projected Production Schedule (Number

of Heads)
breeder 46 92 46.00 92 690.00
for slaughter 68 136 68.00 136 1,020.00
Total 114 228 114.00 228 1,710.00

Projected Value of Sales

breeder 230,000.00 460,000.00 230,000.00 460,000.00 3,450,000.00
for slaughter 204,000.00 408,000.00 204,000.00 408,000.00 3,060,000.00
Total 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00 6,510,000.00
 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
A. Income 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00
B. Expenses
Labor 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00
Cost of concentrate 38,520.00 59,040.00 38,520.00 59,040.00 38,520.00 59,040.00
Veterinary drug and supply 10,700.00 16,400.00 10,700.00 16,400.00 10,700.00 16,400.00
Forage pasture maintenance 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
Light and water 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
Transportation 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00
Repair and maintenance 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
Contingency (10% of Expenses) 19,222.00 23,244.00 20,622.00 23,244.00 20,622.00 22,244.00
Total Operating Expenses 211,442.00 255,684.00 226,842.00 255,684.00 226,842.00 254,684.00
Overhead Expenses
Depreciation of housing, equipment and
fence 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00
Amortization for stocks and pasture
development 83,220.00 75,336.00 67,452.00 59,568.00 51,684.00 46,985.45
Total overhead expenses 96,220.00 88,336.00 80,452.00 72,568.00 64,684.00 59,985.45
Total Expenses 307,662.00 344,020.00 307,294.00 328,252.00 291,526.00 314,669.45

Net Profit 126,338.00 523,980.00 126,706.00 539,748.00 142,474.00 553,330.55

Return on Investment 11.45 47.49 11.48 48.92 12.91 50.15

31.27 average ROI
 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
A. Income 434,000.00 868,000.00 434,000.00 868,000.00 6,510,000.00
B. Expenses
Labor 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00 132,000.00 1,320,000.00
Cost of concentrate 38,520.00 59,040.00 38,520.00 59,040.00 487,800.00
Veterinary drug and supply 10,700.00 16,400.00 10,700.00 16,400.00 135,500.00
Forage pasture maintenance 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 36,000.00
Light and water 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 60,000.00
Transportation 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 50,000.00
Repair and maintenance 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 90,000.00
Contingency (10% of Expenses) 20,622.00 23,244.00 20,622.00 23,244.00 216,930.00
Total Operating Expenses 226,842.00 255,684.00 226,842.00 255,684.00 2,396,230.00
Overhead Expenses
Depreciation of housing, equipment and
fence 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00 130,000.00
Amortization for stocks and pasture
development 42,714.05 38,830.95 35,300.87 32,091.70 533,183.02
Total overhead expenses 55,714.05 51,830.95 48,300.87 45,091.70 663,183.02
Total Expenses 282,556.05 307,514.95 275,142.87 300,775.70 3,059,413.02
average profit
Net Profit 151,443.95 560,485.05 158,857.13 567,224.30 3,450,586.98 345,058.70
2,347,191.48 Net Income-Capital
Outlay
Return on Investment 13.73 50.80 14.40 51.41
31.27
Reference:
Development in the Supply Chain of the Philippine Goat Industry: An Assessment
Elmer Esplana, Larry Nel B. Abao and Rolando M. Vasquez

Philippines Recommends for Goat Farming

Philippines Recommends Series 24-H (2014 Reprint)

Assumptions Payback Period

cumulative
year net cashflow Capital Outlay
buck weight - 100-115 kg cashflow
doe weight - 90-100 kg 1 126,338.00 126,338.00
price of hybrid goat -PhP 5000 2 523,980.00 650,318.00
labor cost - PhP 5500 3 126,706.00 777,024.00
laborer - 2 pax 4 539,748.00 1,316,772.00 1,103,396
slaughter weight - 15 kg 5 142,474.00 1,459,246.00
average price of goat meat - PhP 200 6 553,330.55 2,012,576.55
production system - pure confinement 7 151,443.95 2,164,020.50
doe - native 8 560,485.05 2,724,505.54
buck - upgraded anglo nubian/ boer 9 158,857.13 2,883,362.67
conception rate - 80% 10 567,224.30 3,450,586.98
kidding per year - 1.5 Payback period is 4 years because the cumulative cash flow at the
end of 4th year becomes equal to initial amount of investment.

culling rate - 20%

forage - napier http://www.accountingformanagement.org/payback-method/
Annex 5.1: Cost flow, mangrove rehabilitation and livelihood enterprise (4200 ha mangrove rehabilitation, continuation)

Target Deliverable Budget Implementation Period

Activities Requirement
Unit Number Unit Cost, Php YR1 YR2
INVESTMENTS 367,230,000.00 369,330,000.00
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION hectares 4200 450.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00

II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) hectare 4200 450.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00

1.1 Ground Validation and delineation Validated Area Map

1.2 Mapping Species site suitability

map
1.3 Planning Site development plan
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION 210,000,000.00 210,000,000.00
Seedling Production + 20% mortality Propagules 6300000 3.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00
allowance
Potted seedlings 6300000 15.00 94,500,000.00 94,500,000.00
Plantation establishment Stakes 6300000 1.00 6,300,000.00 6,300,000.00
Site preparation hectare 4200 5,000.00 21,000,000.00 21,000,000.00
Planting Propagules 6300000 3.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00
Potted seedlings 6300000 6.00 37,800,000.00 37,800,000.00
Stakes 6300000 1.00 12,600,000.00 12,600,000.00
IV. MAINTENANCE Hectares 4200 500.00 600,000.00 2,400,000.00
V. PROTECTION Hectares 4200 500.00 300,000.00 600,000.00
VI. DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING OF 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00
ENTERPRISE
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital # of juvenile crabs 2160000 25.00 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00
feeds # of crabs 2160000 30.00 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00
Labor cost man-days 135000 250.00 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00
Annex 5.1: Cost flow, mangrove rehabilitation and livelihood enterprise (4200 ha mangrove rehabilitation, continuation)

Activities
YR3 YR4 YR5 YR6 YR7
INVESTMENTS 369,630,000.00 371,130,000.00 371,430,000.00 371,430,000.00 372,030,000.00
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00
-
II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00
1.1 Ground Validation and delineation
-
1.2 Mapping
-
1.3 Planning -
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION 210,000,000.00 210,000,000.00 210,000,000.00 210,000,000.00 210,000,000.00
Seedling Production + 20% mortality 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00
allowance
94,500,000.00 94,500,000.00 94,500,000.00 94,500,000.00 94,500,000.00
Plantation establishment 6,300,000.00 6,300,000.00 6,300,000.00 6,300,000.00 6,300,000.00
Site preparation 21,000,000.00 21,000,000.00 21,000,000.00 21,000,000.00 21,000,000.00
Planting 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00 18,900,000.00
37,800,000.00 37,800,000.00 37,800,000.00 37,800,000.00 37,800,000.00
12,600,000.00 12,600,000.00 12,600,000.00 12,600,000.00 12,600,000.00
IV. MAINTENANCE 2,400,000.00 3,600,000.00 3,600,000.00 3,600,000.00 3,600,000.00
V. PROTECTION 900,000.00 1,200,000.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,100,000.00
VI. DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING OF 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00
ENTERPRISE
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00
feeds 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00
Labor cost 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00
Annex 5.1: Cost flow, mangrove rehabilitation and livelihood enterprise (4200 ha mangrove rehabilitation, continuation)

Activities
YR8 YR9 YR10 YR11 YR12
INVESTMENTS 161,430,000.00 158,730,000.00 158,430,000.00 117,750,000.00 117,750,000.00
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00

II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00

1.1 Ground Validation and delineation

1.2 Mapping

1.3 Planning
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION
Seedling Production + 20% mortality
allowance

Plantation establishment
Site preparation
Planting

IV. MAINTENANCE 3,000,000.00 300,000.00

V. PROTECTION 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00
VI. DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING OF 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00 152,550,000.00 111,870,000.00 111,870,000.00
ENTERPRISE
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00 54,000,000.00 39,600,000.00 39,600,000.00
feeds 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00 64,800,000.00 47,520,000.00 47,520,000.00
Labor cost 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00 33,750,000.00 24,750,000.00 24,750,000.00
Annex 5.1: Cost flow, mangrove rehabilitation and livelihood enterprise (4200 ha mangrove rehabilitation, continuation)

TOTAL Y1-Y10 TOTAL Y1-Y15

Activities
YR13 YR14 YR15
INVESTMENTS 158,430,000.00 117,750,000.00 117,750,000.00 3,070,800,000.00 3,700,230,000.00
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 18,900,000.00 28,350,000.00

II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 1,890,000.00 18,900,000.00 28,350,000.00

1.1 Ground Validation and delineation

1.2 Mapping

1.3 Planning
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION 1,470,000,000.00 1,470,000,000.00
Seedling Production + 20% mortality
allowance

Plantation establishment
Site preparation
Planting

IV. MAINTENANCE 23,100,000.00 23,100,000.00

V. PROTECTION 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00 2,100,000.00 14,400,000.00 24,900,000.00
VI. DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING OF 152,550,000.00 111,870,000.00 111,870,000.00 1,525,500,000.00 2,125,530,000.00
ENTERPRISE
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital 54,000,000.00 39,600,000.00 39,600,000.00
feeds 64,800,000.00 47,520,000.00 47,520,000.00
Labor cost 33,750,000.00 24,750,000.00 24,750,000.00
ASSUMPTIONS

Cage dimension 0.25 x 0.7 x 2.0 m Operations costs/30 day cycle:

Total target hectares for rehabilitation 4200 Labor/day 0.5
Cages per household 10 cages Feeds P30/kg per crab
Total households 7,500
Annual household target 750 Harvest/30 day cycle:
Marketable size 3 pcs = 1 kilo
Stocking/30day cycle: Harvest/hh (kg) 80
Size of juvenile crabs: 100-200g Price/kg (PhP) 300
Price per juvenile crab: Php25
1 cage 24 cells=24 crabs

Reference:
www.pinoybisnes.com/aqua-business/mudcrab-culture-fattening-in-cages-in-mangroves
MDS Rabia 2015. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development
Annex 5.2: Crab fattening enterprise (10 cages, 240 crabs,1 Household, 30 days cycle, continuation)

Target Deliverable Budget Implementation Period

Activities Requirement
Unit Number Unit Cost, Php 1 2 3 4 5
REVENUE 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00
Sale of mudcrab adult crab, kg 80 300 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00
TOTAL COST 24,450.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital juvenile crab 240 25.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
feeds Individuals 240 30.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00
fixed cost/depreciation cages 10 750.00 7,500.00
labor cost man-days 15 250.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00
INCOME (450.00) 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00
Annex 5.2: Crab fattening enterprise (10 cages, 240 crabs,1 Household, 30 days cycle, continuation)

Implementation Period
Activities TOTAL
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
REVENUE 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 240,000.00
Sale of mudcrab 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00
TOTAL COST 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 16,950.00 177,000.00
Mud Crab Fattening
operating capital 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
feeds 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,200.00
fixed cost/depreciation
labor cost 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00 3,750.00
INCOME 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 7,050.00 63,000.00
ASSUMPTIONS

Cage dimension 0.25 x 0.7 x 2.0 m Operations costs/30 day cycle:

Total target hectares for rehabilitation 4200 Labor/day 15 man-days
Cages per household 10 cages Feeds
P30/kg per crab
Total households 7,500
Annual household target 750 Harvest/30 day cycle:
Marketable size 3 pcs= 1 kilo
Stocking/30day cycle: Harvest/hh (kg) 80
Size of juvenile crabs: 100-200g Price/kg (PhP) 300
Price per juvenile crab: Php25
1 cage 24 cells=24 crabs

Payback period 2 months

Return on investment 35.59%

reference: www.pinoybisnes.com/aqua-business/mudcrab-culture-fattening-in-cages-in-mangroves
MDS Rabia 2015. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development
Annex 5.3: Mangrove Rehabilitation and Community Capacitation Program (per hectare)

Budget
Activities Target Deliverable Implementation Period
Requirement
Unit Number Unit Cost, Php YR1 YR2 YR3 YR4
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION 3 35,000.00 105,000.00
Community Organizer
for 1 PO for 3 months

II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) hectare 1 450.00 450.00

1.1 Ground Validation and delineation Validated Area Map 1
1.2 Mapping Species site suitability 1
map
1.3 Planning 1
Site development plan
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION 50,000.00
Seedling Production + 20% mortality 1500 3.00 4,500.00
allowance Propagules
Potted seedlings 1500 15.00 22,500.00
Plantation establishment Stakes 1500 1.00 1,500.00
Site preparation hectare 1 5,000.00 5,000.00
Planting Propagules 1500 3.00 4,500.00
Potted seedlings 1500 6.00 9,000.00
Stakes 3000 1.00 3,000.00

IV. MAINTENANCE Hectares 1 1,000.00 3,000.00 2,000.00

V. PROTECTION Hectare 1 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00

TOTAL COST 156,950.00 3,500.00 2,500.00 500.00

13,079.17 291.67 208.33 41.67
2016 Target Hectares 250 162,950.00
Annex 5.3: Mangrove Rehabilitation and Community Capacitation Program (per hectare)

Activities Target Deliverable Implementation Period TOTAL

Unit YR5 YR6 YR7 YR8 YR9 YR10
I. SOCIAL PREPARATION AND CAPACITATION 105,000.00
Community Organizer
for 1 PO for 3 months

II. SURVEY-MAPPING-PLANNING (SMP) hectare 450.00

1.1 Ground Validation and delineation Validated Area Map
1.2 Mapping Species site suitability
map
1.3 Planning
Site development plan
III. SEEDLING PRODUCTION 50,000.00
Seedling Production + 20% mortality
allowance Propagules
Potted seedlings
Plantation establishment Stakes
Site preparation hectare
Planting Propagules
Potted seedlings
Stakes

IV. MAINTENANCE Hectares 6,000.00

V. PROTECTION Hectare 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 1,500.00

TOTAL COST 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 162,950.00

41.67 41.67 41.67 41.67 41.67 41.67
2016 Target Hectares 40,737,500.00
Annex 6: Crab fattening in cages/pen culture of crabs in mangroves
Source: http://www.seafdec.org.ph/2011/crab-fattening-in-cagespen-culture-of-crabs-
in-mangroves/

Technology description

To produce food through aquaculture without sacrificing the environment is an

apt description for the culture or fattening of mudcrab in mangrove areas. The
use of net enclosures in mangroves or tidal zones offers a better alternative to
pond culture. It also promotes a better image for brackishwater aquaculture that
had been linked to the historical clear-cutting of mangroves to make way to
ponds.

For fattening, the technology involves the construct of small cages with
individual cells which are then stocked with lean crabs, weighing at least 100 g
(if female native crabs) or 300 g (if female giant crab). Males weighing 200 g (if
native) or 350 g (giant crab) may also be stocked individually in the cage cells.
Fattening can take 15-30 days.

The crab farmer follows a protocol in taking care of the stock, from stocking to
feeding to selective harvest.

The culture system used is monoculture in cell-type cages or pens, and may be
implemented in mangrove areas. Medium-sized crabs to be used for stocking
may be obtained through crab trapping or from fishponds. Feeds, usually
trashfish, are bought in from the local market.

Technology profile:

mudcrab_cageFattening in cages with individual cells

(1) Construct a bamboo cage (0.25 x 0.7 x 2m;) with a green nylon net (12 mm
mesh size) for side walling, bottom flooring and top movable cover. Make three
main divisions, further dividing into eight cells. A cage would have 24 cells.
Provide cage with floats and rings in the corners.
(2) Set or stake the cage at the fringes of the mangrove area, such that, at the
lowest tide, ¾ of the cage is still submerged. Cover cage with coconut fronds
as crab shelter.

(3) Stock one crab per cell, and feed with trash fish or mixed diet of 75% brown
mussel meat and 25% trash fish at 10% of the crab biomass per day.

(4) Selectively harvest and restock harvested cages. Fattening can take 15-30
days.
 ANNEX 7: SUMMARY OF COSTS AND CASHFLOWS

Net Income/Profit Net Income/Profit Net Income/Profit

Project Interventions
(in 10 Years) (in 10 Years) per HH (per month)
Production Forests 29,367,890,500.00 Per Prod Forest 1,957,859.37 16,315.49
Nurseries 866,529,053.50 Per Nursery 9,736,281.50 670.54
Goat Raising 1,173,595,738.30 Per Goat Shelter 2,347,191.48 6,519.98
Mud crab fattening 5,670,000,000.00 Per Household 63,000.00 6,300.00
per 30-day cycle
in ten years
TOTAL 37,078,015,291.80

Beneficiaries
Project Interventions
Employed
Assisted Natural Regeneration 15,000.00
Production Forests 25,000.00 1 nursery: 140 mandays
Nurseries 12,460.00
Goat Raising 1,500.00 500.00 goat shelters
Mud crab fattening 1 shelter = 3 HH
7,500.00
Mangrove rehabilitation 1 shelter = 104 goats
TOTAL 61,460.00

TOTAL POPULATION OF
PALAWAN 1,000,000.00

PERCENTAGE 6.1%
Annex 8: Budget for Project Interventions for Ten Years
TOTAL COST TOTAL COST PER
PROJECT INTERVENTION UNIVERSE UNIT
PER UNIT INTERVENTION
North of Forest Line
1 Timber Stand Improvement / Assisted Natural Regeneration 30,350 15,000 hectares 455,245,431
2 Nursery Establishment 16,423,719 89 nurseries 1,461,710,947
South of Forest Line
3 Livelihood Need Assessment 1,000,000
4 Production Forest 598,420 15,000 hectares 8,976,302,500
5 Goat Raising and Pasture Development 4,162,809 500 hectares 2,081,404,262
6 Housing and Settlement 148,280 37,500 households 5,560,500,000
7 Forest line boundary delineation and demarcation / 2,008,779 1,555 km 3,123,650,870
Primary Forest / Open and close canopy
8 Inventory of Flora and Fauna 50,000 municipalities

13 650,000
9 Forest Protection / Law Enforcement 19,365,115 municipalities

13 251,746,500
10 Mangrove Reforestation and Coastal Defense 367,929 4,200 hectares 1,545,300,000
11 Crab Culture 363,214 4,200 hectares 1,525,500,000

12 Other Activities 453,206,144

TOTAL 25,436,216,653
Annex 8: Budget for Project Interventions for Ten Years
PROJECT INTERVENTION YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4
North of Forest Line
1 Timber Stand Improvement / Assisted Natural Regeneration 36,757,749 43,944,098 46,817,948 46,817,948
2 Nursery Establishment 423,973,795 115,304,128 115,304,128 115,304,128
South of Forest Line
3 Livelihood Need Assessment 1,000,000 - - -
4 Production Forest 2,485,309,500 711,349,500 754,474,500 8,625,000
5 Goat Raising and Pasture Development 705,528,750 172,010,000 153,647,000 164,126,000
6 Housing and Settlement 556,050,000 556,050,000 556,050,000 556,050,000
7 Forest line boundary delineation and demarcation / 312,365,087 312,365,087 312,365,087 312,365,087
Primary Forest / Open and close canopy
8 Inventory of Flora and Fauna

650,000 - - -
9 Forest Protection / Law Enforcement

25,176,000 25,174,500 25,174,500 25,174,500

10 Mangrove Reforestation and Coastal Defense 214,680,000 216,780,000 217,080,000 218,580,000
11 Crab Culture 152,550,000 152,550,000 152,550,000 152,550,000

12 Other Activities 45,320,614 45,320,614 45,320,614 45,320,614

Annex 8: Budget for Project Interventions for Ten Years
PROJECT INTERVENTION YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR 7 YEAR 8
North of Forest Line
1 Timber Stand Improvement / Assisted Natural Regeneration 46,817,948 46,817,948 46,817,948 46,817,948
2 Nursery Establishment 115,304,128 115,304,128 115,304,128 115,304,128
South of Forest Line
3 Livelihood Need Assessment - - - -
4 Production Forest 25,875,000 8,625,000 8,625,000 8,625,000
5 Goat Raising and Pasture Development 145,763,000 157,334,727 141,278,025 153,757,477
6 Housing and Settlement 556,050,000 556,050,000 556,050,000 556,050,000
7 Forest line boundary delineation and demarcation / 312,365,087 312,365,087 312,365,087 312,365,087
Primary Forest / Open and close canopy
8 Inventory of Flora and Fauna

- - - -
9 Forest Protection / Law Enforcement

25,174,500 25,174,500 25,174,500 25,174,500

10 Mangrove Reforestation and Coastal Defense 218,880,000 218,880,000 219,480,000 8,880,000
11 Crab Culture 152,550,000 152,550,000 152,550,000 152,550,000

12 Other Activities 45,320,614 45,320,614 45,320,614 45,320,614

Annex 8: Budget for Project Interventions for Ten Years
PROJECT INTERVENTION YEAR 9 YEAR 10 TOTAL (10YRS)
North of Forest Line
1 Timber Stand Improvement / Assisted Natural Regeneration 46,817,948 46,817,948 455,245,431
2 Nursery Establishment 115,304,128 115,304,128 1,461,710,947
South of Forest Line
3 Livelihood Need Assessment - - 1,000,000
4 Production Forest 8,625,000 4,956,169,000 8,976,302,500
5 Goat Raising and Pasture Development 137,571,434 150,387,849 2,081,404,262
6 Housing and Settlement 556,050,000 556,050,000 5,560,500,000
7 Forest line boundary delineation and demarcation / 312,365,087 312,365,087 3,123,650,870
Primary Forest / Open and close canopy
8 Inventory of Flora and Fauna 650,000

- -
9 Forest Protection / Law Enforcement 251,746,500

25,174,500 25,174,500
10 Mangrove Reforestation and Coastal Defense 6,180,000 5,880,000 1,545,300,000
11 Crab Culture 152,550,000 152,550,000 1,525,500,000
SUBTOTAL 24,983,010,509
12 Other Activities 45,320,614 45,320,614 453,206,144
SUBTOTAL 453,206,144
GRAND TOTAL 25,436,216,653
AVERAGE ANNUAL 2,543,621,665