EEE 321
Digital Signal Processing
Mst. Shamima Hossain
Lecturer
Dept. of EEE, DIU
Cell: +880 1516146790
Email:
[email protected] Review
Signal:
• Any variable that carries or contains some kind of information that
can be conveyed, displayed or manipulated
• Any physical quantity that varies with time, space or any other
independent variable(s)
• Mathematically described as a function of one or more independent
variables
Ex. 𝒔𝟏 𝒕 = 𝟓𝒕
𝒔𝟐 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎𝒕𝟐
𝒔 𝒙, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝟐
Speech signal, ECG, EEG
System: A physical device that performs an operation on a signal
Ex.
• Speech signals are generated by forcing air through the vocal cords.
• Images are obtained by exposing a photographic film to a scene or
an object
Review
Signal Processing:
Operation on a signal to produce desired output
Ex.
A filter is used to reduce the noise and interference corrupting a desired
information-bearing signal
Digital Signal Processing (DSP):
• Concerned with the digital representation of signals and the use of
digital processors to analyze, modify and/or extract information from
it
• A digital signal can be implemented as a combination of digital
hardware or software, each of which performs its own set of specified
operations.
Basic Elements of DSP
Analog signal processing
Digital signal processing
DSP
Advantages
Guaranteed accuracy
Perfect reproducibility
Use of more reliable, smaller, low-cost, low-power consumed,
high-speed ICs using CMOS technology
No drift of performance with temperature or age
Greater flexibility
Superior performance
Limitations
Speed and cost
Design time
Finite word length problems
But these limitations are being continually diminished with the advent o
new technology
Signal Types
Generating source:
• Single channel / scalar
• Multi channel / vector
Dimension (number of dependent variable):
• 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, etc.
Continuity of independent variable and signal:
• Analog (CT)
• Sampled (DT)
• Quantized (Discrete)
• Digital
Certainty of description:
• Deterministic (linear/nonlinear)
• Random
• Chaotic
Statistical parameters:
• Stationary
• Non-stationary
Application Areas of DSP
Image processing: pattern recognition, robotic vision, image
enhancement, facsimile, satellite weather map, animation
Instrument and control: spectrum analysis, position and rate
control, noise reduction, data compression
Speech / audio: speech recognition, speech synthesis, text to speech,
digital audio, equalization
Military: secure communication, radar processing, sonar processing,
missile guidance
Telecommunications: echo cancellation, adaptive equalization,
modulation, spread spectrum, video conferencing, data
communication
Medical: patient monitoring, scanners, EEG mapping, ECG analysis,
X-ray storage / enhancement
Where not?
System Properties
Memory: Static (memoryless, resistor), dynamic (with memory, capacitor)
Invertibility: Distinct inputs result in distinct outputs, input can be determined from
output
Inverse: The inverse of a system is a second system that, when cascaded with the
system yields the identity system
Causality: A system is causal if the output at any time t0 is dependent on the input
only for t t0
Stability: A system is stable if the output remains bounded for any bounded input,
this type of stability is known as BIBO stability
Time Invariance: Any time shift in the input results only in the same time shift in
the output
Linearity: A system is linear if it meets the criteria of additivity and homogeneity
Principle of superposition is applicable in linear system
Additivity: if x1(t) → y1(t) & x2(t) → y2(t), then, x1(t)+ x2(t) → y1(t)+ y2(t)
Homogeneity: ax1(t) → ay1(t)
Superposition: a1x1(t) + a2x2(t) → a1y1(t) +a2y2(t)
y(t) = kx(t) is linear, y(t) = x2(t) is nonlinear
Typical SP Operations
Elementary time-domain operations
▪Scaling (amplification/attenuation): multiplication by a +ve or –ve
constant
▪Delay: y(t) = x(t-t0)
▪Addition: y(t) = x1(t)+x2(t)-x3(t)+.......
▪Integration
▪Differentiation
Filtering: In addition to basic filters (LPF, HPF, BPF, BSF)
• Notch filter: band stop filter designed to block a single frequency
• Multiband filter: more than one PB and more than one SB
• Comb filter: designed to block frequencies that are integral
multiple of a certain low frequency
Generation of signal (prediction)
Modulation and demodulation
Multiplexing and demultiplexing
Thank you
