Cam and Follower Mechanisms Guide
Uploaded by
Pavan GandhiCam and Follower Mechanisms Guide
Uploaded by
Pavan GandhiCaMS
FOLLOWER
CAM
Prof. Devang A Patel
Mechanism Engineering Department
SVIT Vasad
Introduction
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating
FOLLOWER or oscillating motion to another element known as follower.
The cam and the follower have a line contact and constitute a
higher pair. The cams are usually rotated at uniform speed by a
CAM
shaft, but the follower motion is predetermined will be
according to the shape of the cam.
The cams are widely used for operating the inlet and exhaust
FOLLOWER
valves of internal combustion engines, automatic attachment of
machineries, paper cutting machines, spinning and weaving
CAM textile machineries, feed mechanism of automatic lathes etc.
Classification of CAMS
A. According to Shape of CAM
1. Wedge & Flat Cams 2. Radial or Disc Cams
Classification of CAMS
A. According to Shape of CAM
3. Spiral Cams 4. Cylindrical Cams
Classification of CAMS
A. According to Shape of CAM
5. Conjugate Cams 6. Globoidal Cams 7. Spherical Cams
Classification of CAMS
B. According to Follower Movement
2. Dwell – Rise – Return – Dwell (D-R-R-D)
1. Rise – Return - Rise (R-R-R)
3. Dwell – Rise – Dwell - Return – Dwell 4. Dwell – Rise – Dwell (D-R-D)
(D- R-D-R-D)
Classification of CAMS
C. According to manner of constrain of the Follower
1. Pre loaded Spring cams 2. Positive Drive Cams
Gravity Cams
Classification of Followers
A. According to Shape of the Follower.
1. Knife Edge Follower 2. Roller Follower 3. Mushroom Follower
Classification of Followers
B. According to Movement of the Follower.
1. Reciprocating Follower 2. Oscillating Follower
Classification of Followers
C. According to Location of Line of Movement of Follower
1. Radial Follower 2. Offset Follower
Basic Definitions
Trace Point
Follower
1. Base circle: It is the smallest circle that
can be drawn to the cam profile.
2. Trace point: It is a reference point on the
follower that is used to trace the Cam
profile.
In case of knife edge follower, the knife
edge represents the trace point and the pitch
curve corresponds to the cam profile. In a
CAM or
roller follower, the center of the roller
CAM represents the trace point
Profile Base Circle
Basic Definitions
Trace Point
Follower
Pitch Curve
3. Pitch curve: It is the curve generated by
the trace point as the follower moves
relative to the cam.
For a knife edge follower, the pitch curve and
the cam profile are same whereas for a roller
follower, they are separated by the radius of the
roller.
CAM or
CAM
Profile Base Circle
Basic Definitions
Trace Point
Follower
Pitch Curve
Pressure angle Ø
4. Pressure angle. It is the angle between the
direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
This angle is very important in designing a cam
CAM or
CAM
profile. If the pressure angle is too large, a
Profile Base Circle reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings
Basic Definitions
Trace Point
Follower
Pitch Curve
Pressure angle Ø
Prime Circle
5. Prime Circle. It is the smallest circle that
can be drawn from the centre of the cam
and tangent to the pitch curve.
For a knife edge and a flat face follower, the
prime circle and the base circle are identical.
CAM or For a roller follower, the prime circle is larger
CAM than the base circle by the radius of the roller.
Profile Base Circle
Basic Definitions Ømax Trace Point
Follower
Pitch Curve
Pitch Point 5. Pitch point: It is a point
Pressure on the pitch curve
angle Ø having the maximum
Prime Circle
pressure angle.
6. Pitch circle: It is a circle
drawn from the centre of
CAM or the cam through the
Pitch Circle
CAM
Profile Base Circle pitch points.
Follower Displacement Program
Follower
Lift or stroke (h): It is the maximum travel of the
follower from its lowest position to the topmost
position
CAM or
CAM
Profile
Motion of the Follower
We will assume the follower may have one of the following motions.
1. Uniform velocity
2. Simple harmonic motion
3. Uniform acceleration and retardation
4. Cycloidal motion
Follower Moves with Uniform / Constant Velocity
ℎ𝜔
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = at 𝜃 = 𝜑
𝜑
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0
Follower Moves with Simple harmonic motion (SHM)
Follower Moves with Uniform acceleration and retardation
2ℎ𝜔 𝜑
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = at 𝜃 =
𝜑 2
4ℎ𝜔2
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝜑2
Follower Moves with Cycloidal motion
2ℎ𝜔 𝜑
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = at 𝜃 =
𝜑 2
2ℎ𝜋𝜔2 𝜑
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = at 𝜃 =
𝜑2 4
Practical 5 - CAMS
Problem -1 Problem -2
Problem -3 Problem -4
Problem -5 Problem -6
