Analytical Thinking and Arithmetic Reasoning – 15 Questions Time: 25 mins
Directions for Questions 1-3: Read the data given below and answer the questions that follow.
Five experts on Nano-technology involved in an international Research Project hold a Quarterly Review Meeting in
Singapore. There are certain limitations on their language skills. Expert R 1 knows only Japanese and Hindi; R2 is good at
Japanese and English; R3 is good at English and Hindi; R4 knows French and Japanese quite well; and R5, an Indian, knows
Hindi, English and French.
1. Besides R5, which of the following can converse with R4 without an interpreter?
(1) Only R1 (2) Only R2
(3) Only R3 (4) Both R1 and R2
2. Which of the following cannot converse without an interpreter?
(1) R2 and R5 (2) R1 and R2
(3) R1 and R3 (4) R3 and R4
3. Which of the following can act as an interpreter when R 3 and R4 wish to discuss?
(1) Only R1 (2) Only R2
(3) Only R5 (4) None of the above
Directions for Questions 4-7: Each question is followed by two statements, I and II. Answer each question using the
following instructions:
Mark (1) if the question can be answered by using statement A alone but not by using statement B alone.
Mark (2) if the question can be answered by using statement B alone but not by using statement A alone.
Mark (3) if the question can be answered by using either of the statements alone.
Mark (4) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together but not by either of the statements
alone.
Mark (5) if the question cannot be answered on the basis of the two statements.
4. In a football match, at half-time, Mahindra and Mahindra Club was trailing by three goals. Did it win the match?
A. In the second half Mahindra and Mahindra Club scored four goals.
B. The opponent scored four goals in the match.
5. In a particular school, sixty students were athletes. Ten among them were also among the top academic performers.
How many top academic performers were in the school?
A. Sixty per cent of the top academic performers were not athletes.
B. All the top academic performers were not necessarily athletes.
6. Five students Atul, Bala, Chetan, Dev and Ernesto were the only ones who participated in a quiz contest. They were
ranked based on their scores in the contest. Dev got a higher rank as compared to Ernesto, while Bala got a higher rank
as compared to Chetan. Chetan’s rank was lower than the median. Who among the five got the
highest rank?
A. Atul was the last rank holder.
B. Bala was not among the top two rank holders.
7. Thirty percent of the employees of a call centre are males. Ten per cent of the female employees have an engineering
background. What is the percentage of male employees with engineering background?
A. Twenty five per cent of the employees have engineering background.
B. Number of male employees having an engineering background is 20% more than the number of female employees
having an engineering background.
Directions for Questions 8-11: Read the table below and answer the questions that follow.
The proportion of male students and the proportion of vegetarian students in a school are given below. The school has a
total of 800 students, 80% of whom are in the Secondary Section and rest equally divided between Class 11 and 12.
8. What is the percentage of vegetarian students in Class 12?
(1) 40 (2) 45 (3) 50 (4) 55 (5) 60
9. In Class 12, twenty five per cent of the vegetarians are male. What is the difference between the number of female
vegetarians and male non-vegetarians?
(1) less than 8 (2) 10 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 16
10. What is the percentage of male students in the secondary section?
(1) 40 (2) 45 (3) 50 (4) 55 (5) 60
11. In the Secondary Section, 50% of the students are vegetarian males. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Except vegetarian males, all other groups have same number of students.
(2) Except non-vegetarian males, all other groups have same number of students.
(3) Except vegetarian females, all other groups have same number of students.
(4) Except non-vegetarian females, all other groups have same number of students
(5) All of the above groups have the same number of students.
Directions for Questions 12-15: In each of the following questions, there are 2 statements followed by 4 conclusions.
Read the statements and logically decide which conclusion follows the two statements.
12. All neurosurgeons are highly intelligent
Some neurosurgeons are not gentlemen
(1) Some gentlemen are not neurosurgeons
(2) No gentlemen are highly intelligent
(3) All highly intelligents are neurosurgeons
(4) No conclusion follows
13. All sailboats are buoyant in water
Some house bricks are buoyant in water
(1) Some house bricks are sailboats
(2) Some sailboats are house bricks
(3) All buoyant in water are sailboats
(4) No conclusion follows
14. No people tell lies
Some psychology students tell lies
(1) Some psychology students are not people
(2) Some people are not psychology students
(3) Some people tell lies
(4) No conclusion follows
15. Some daily newspapers are tabloids
Some textbooks are daily newspapers
(1) No tabloids are textbooks
(2) Some tabloids are daily news papers
(3) All textbooks are tabloids
(4) No conclusion follows
Logical Reasoning and Mathematical Critical Thinking – 10 Questions Time: 35 mins
Directions for Questions 1-10: Read the following questions carefully and mark the correct answer from the options
1. In a 100 M race, if A gives B a start of 20 meters, then A wins the race by 5 seconds. Alternatively, if A gives B a start of
40 meters the race ends in a dead heat. How long does A take to run 200 M?
(1) 10 seconds (2) 20 seconds
(3) 30 seconds (4) 40 second
2. A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls; another bag contains 4 white and 5 black balls. From any one of these bags a
single draw of two balls is made. Find the probability that one of them would be white and other black ball.
(1) 275/504 (2) 5/18
(3) 5/9 (4) None of these
3. Mr. Mehra is planning for higher education expenses of his two sons aged 15 and 12. He plans to divide Rs 15 lakhs in
two equal parts and invest in two different plans such that his sons may have access to Rs. 21 lakhs each when they
reach the age of 21. He is looking for plan that will give him a simple interest per annum. The rates of interest of the
plans for his younger son and elder son should be
(1) 5% and 7.5% respectively
(2) 8% and 12% respectively
(3) 10% and 15% respectively
(4) 15% and 22.5% respectively
(5) 20% and 30% respectively
4. A bag contains 10 balls numbered from 0 to 9. The balls are such that the person picking a ball out of the bag is
equally likely to pick any one of them. A person picked a ball and replaced it in the bag after noting its number. He
repeated this process 2 more times. What is the probability that the ball picked first is numbered higher than the ball
picked second, and the ball picked second is numbered higher than the ball picked third?
(1) 72/100
(2) 3/25
(3) 4/5
(4) 1/6
5. A contractor agreed to finish a piece of work in 150 days. He employed 75 men and made them work for 8 hours per
day. However, after 90 days, he realized that only 2/7 th of the work was completed. How many more men would he
need to employ to complete the work on time if he intended to make everybody work for 10 hours per day henceforth?
(1) 75 (2) 100 (3) 150 (4) 225
6. What is the remainder when 1! + 2 × 2! + 3 × 3! + 4 × 4! + … + 12 × 12! is divided by 13?
(1) 1 (2) 12 (3) 11 (4) 0
7. There are 6 tasks and 6 persons. Task 1 cannot be assigned either to person 1 or to person 2; task 2 must be assigned
to either person 3 or person 4. Every person is to be assigned one task. In how many ways can the assignment be done?
(1) 144 (2) 180 (3) 192 (4) 360 (5) 716
8. A number which when divided by 10 leaves a remainder of 9, when divided by 9 leaves a remainder of 8, by 8 leaves a
remainder of 7, etc., down to where, when divided by 2, it leaves a remainder of 1 is :
(1) 59 (2) 419
(3) 1259 (4) 2519
9. A number which when divided by 10 leaves a remainder of 9, when divided by 9 leaves a remainder of 8, by 8 leaves a
remainder of 7, etc., down to where, when divided by 2, it leaves a remainder of 1, is :
(1) 59 (2) 419
(3) 1259 (4) 2519
10. A mobile is found in the bus. The driver asks two passengers A and B if they know the owner. A says "I am
the owner" and B says "I don't know the owner. The mobile does not belong to A". If one of them is lying,
which of the following is true?
(1) A is the owner.
(2) A is not the owner.
(3) Cannot say
(4) B is the owner.
Verbal Reasoning – 40 Questions Time: 35 mins
Directions for Questions 1-10: Each question consists of sentences, which are divided into four parts, numbered (1)
through (4). One part in each sentence is not acceptable in standard written English. Identify that part in each of the
sentences which contains the error.
1. 6.
(1) Her acceptance of speech (1) Character and (2) not riches
(2) was well received (3) win us (4) respect.
(3) eliciting thunderous applause 7.
(4) in several points (1) Pickpocketers are
2. (2) sometimes spotted
(1) An oppressive solemnity (3) by policemen
(2) and not the festive mood (4) at bus stops.
(3) one might have expected 8.
(4) characterised the mood by the gathering (1) His both hands
3. (2) have been injured
(1) All aspiring artists must (3) so he
(2) struggle by the conflict (4) cannot work.
(3) between faith in their own talent 9.
(4) and knowledge that very few are great enough to (1) Several guests noticed Mr. Peter
succeed (2) fall back
4. (3) in his chair
(1) Despite some bad news, (4) and gasping for breath.
(2) Michel’s stature was not diminished 10.
(3) and her fans or critics (1) the short story
(4) were unanimous in appreciating her work. (2) should not exceed
5. (3) more than
(1) Jazz is an American art form, (4) two hundreds word.
(2) which was now flourishing in Europe
(3) through the efforts of expatriates
(4) in France, Scandinavia and Germany.
Directions for Questions 11-20: Each of the questions below contains one or more blank spaces, each blank space
indicating an omitted word of phrase. Beneath the sentence are four words or set of words. Choose the word or
set of words for each blank space that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
11. The judge, after ruling that the news report had (4) yet not yield
unjustly …….. the reputation of the Physician, ordered
the newspaper to …... its libellous statements in print. 16. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the
(1) injured — retract inevitable …….., when weight Loss …….. if not stops.
(2) sullied — publicize (1) moods — accelerates
(3) damaged — disseminate (2) feasts — halts
(4) tarnished — cover up (3) meals — ceases
(4) plateaus — slows
12. Psychologists agree that human beings have a
strong need to…… their time; having too much idle time 17. Since the author’s unflattering references to her
can be as stressful as having none at all. friends were so…… she was surprised that her ….. were
(1) compartmentalise recognized.
(2) structure (1) laudatory — styles
(3) functionalise (2) obvious – anecdotes
(4) remand (3) oblique — allusions
(4) critical — eulogies I
13. …….. several generations, Alex Haley wrote Roots, a
novel explaining both his family history and the history 18. Gaurav was intent on maintaining his status as first
of American bigotry. in his class; because even the smallest mistakes
(1) Focusing on infuriated him, he reviewed all his papers ……… before
(2) Centering around submitting them to his teacher.
(3) With an eye on (1) explicitly (2) perfunctorily
(4) Living through (3) assiduously (4) honestly
14. Although for centuries literature was considered 19. The subtleties of this novel are evident not so much
something that would instruct as well as entertain, the in the character ……. as they are in its profoundly ………
modern reader has little patience with ….. works and plot structure.
seeks only to be ….. (1) assessment — eclectic
(1) fiction — enlightened (2) development — trite
(2) didactic — distracted (3) delineation — intricate
(3) voluminous — absorbed (4) portrayal — aesthetic
(4) philosophical — entertained
20. Perhaps because something in us instinctively
15. To strive, to seek, to find, and …… are the heroic distrusts such displays of natural fluency, some readers
goals of Ulysses in Tennyson’s famous poem. approach John Updike’s fiction with…………
(1) not yielding (1) bewilderment (2) suspicion
(2) yet to yield (3) veneration (4) recklessness
(3) not to yield
Directions for Questions 21-25: Consist of a number of sentences which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent
paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among
the four choices lettered (1) through (4).
21. A. The men jumped up and rushed to the river (3) CBAD (4) BADC
B. They poured it on the glowing bed of charcoal
C. The water gurgled out and the dying embers hissed 22. A. A failure to put the right person at the right place
and could
sent up little curls of vapour prove expensive for the organisation
D. They quickly came back with pitchers laden with B. All managers are decision makers
water. C. The rightness of a decision largely depends upon
(1) DABC (2) ADCB whether or not the manager has utilized the right
persons in right ways. construction, transport, and trade and commerce, were
D. The effectiveness of managers is largely reflected in excluded
their track record in taking the right decisions C. The number of workers employed by the firms in the
(1) DCBA (2) BDCA area ranged from a dozen to approximately 35,000
(3) ABCD (4) BACD D. A long search produced a comprehensive list of 203
manufacturing firms.
23. A. I also believe in the possibility as well as the (1) ABDC (2) BCDA
desirability (3) DCBA (4) CBDA
of applying science to problems arising in social
science 25. A. Moreover, private sector competitors claim to be
B. Believing as I do in social science, I can only look with moving from aluminium manufacture to specialized
apprehension upon social pseudo-science uses
C. I am a rationalist, which means that I believe in of the metal
discussion and argument B. The new concern could probably supply the metal to
D. I may say why I have chosen this particular subject established cornpanies for use as input
(1) CDAB (2) DCAB C. As we all know, there is still shortage of the metal
(3) BCAD (4) DBAC D. All in all, though, the new plant will not threaten
existing
24. A. The investigation was confined to manufacturing manufacturers in a big way
firms (1) ADCB (2) BCDA
in the area (3) DBCA (4) CDBA
B. Those concerned with mining and quarrying,
Directions for Questions 26-28: Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate option that follows.
26. ________ wolf, meeting with ________ lamb astray from ________ fold, resolved not to lay violent
hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to _______ lamb ________ wolf’s right to eat him.
(1) a, a, the, the, the
(2) the, a, the, a, the
(3) a, a, a, the, the
(4) the, the, the, the, the
(5) the, a, the, a, a
27. ______ bat who fell upon ______ ground and was caught by ______ weasel pleaded to be spared his
life ______ weasel refused, saying that he was by nature ______enemy of all birds. ______ bat assured
him that he was not ______ bird, but ______ mouse, and thus was set free.
(1) a, the, a, the, the, the, the, a
(2) a, the, a, the, a, the, a, a
(3) the, a, a, the, the, a, the, the
(4) a, the, a, the, the, the, a, a
(5) the, a, a, a, the, the, a, a
28. He got ______next morning, to be sure, and had his meals ______ usual, though he ate ______ and had
more, I am afraid, than his usual supply of rum, for he helped himself ______ the bar, scowling and
blowing ______ his nose, and no one dared ______ cross him.
(1) Down, like, a little, out of, out, to
(2) Down, as, little, of, out, to
(3) Downstairs, as, little, out of, out of, through
(4) Downstairs, like, a little, out, of, to
(5) Down, like, a little, of, of, through
Directions for Questions 29 & 30: For each of the following questions select the answer pair that expresses a
relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitalized pair.
29. HERMETIC: AIRTIGHT::
A. Proscribe: proselytize B. Opprobrium: infamy
C. Stolid: expressive D. Inchoate: nettle
30. NONPLUS: FATHOM ::
A. Enterprise: initiative B. Litote: emphasis
C. Privation: opulence D. Bravura: feint
Directions for Questions 31-40: Read the passages, and answer the questions given below the passage. Answers should
be based on the author’s views or inferences drawn from the passage.
PASSAGE-1
Diwali saw the last great burst of the autumnal exuberance unleashed a month earlier at Dusshera. Within a month of
the last Diwali rocket vanishing into the Delhi skies, the city seemed to curl its tail between its legs and disappear into a
state of semihibernation for the duration of the cold season. The brief but bitter Delhi winter came as suddenly as an
undertaker : dark-clad, soft- footed, unannounced and unwelcome. There is no snow in Delhi — the winters are too dry
—but, white winds from the snow peaks still sweep down the slopes, freezing the plains of the Punjab and shattering
the brittle buds, before raking through the streets of the capital and brushing the narrow Delhi alleyways clear of
people. The Delhi-wallahs withdraw into themselves. They Lift up their knees to their chins and pull their heavy Kashmiri
blankets tightly around. Over their heads they wind thick woollen mufflers. If you look into the dark of the roadside
restaurant-shacks you see only the whites of their eyes peering out into the cold. The sky is grey, the air is grey, and the
dull, cold greyness seeps into the ground, the stones and the buildings. The only colours are the red and yellow silk flags
flying over the new Muslim graves in Nizamuddin. The trees in the gardens stand shrouded in a thin wrap of mist. In Old
Delhi, the goats fattening for slaughter huddle together under sackcloth coats; some are given old cardigans to wear,
with their front legs fitted through the sleeves. Winter smoke winds slowly out of the chimneys; bonfires crackle outside
the jhuggi clusters. As you look through the windowpanes you can see winter lying curled like a cobra across the land.
Olivia now spent her mornings in the warmth of our flat; it was too cold and misty to paint until the sun had reached its
zenith at midday. If she ventured out she would return early, before a sudden dusk brought to a close the brief winter
afternoon. Brisk evenings were followed by cold nights. We muffled ourselves in our new shawls — we had not
considered packing jerseys or overcoats when we set off to India — and sat warming ourselves in front of the heaters.
My reading was mostly historical. I had become fascinated with that period of Delhi’s history known as the Twilight. It
was an epoch whose dark melancholy perfectly reflected the cold, misty scenes outside our own windows. The Twilight
is bounded by two of the greatest disasters in Delhi’s history: the Persian massacres of 1739 and the equally vicious
hangings and killings which followed the British recapture Of Delhi after the 1857 Indian Mutiny. The first massacre took
place in the wake of an unexpected invasion of India by the Persian ruler, Nadir Shah. At Karnal in the Punjab the newly-
crowned Shah defeated the Mughal army and advanced rapidly on Delhi. He encamped at the Shalimar Gardens, five
miles north of the city. Having been invited into Delhi by the nervous populace, Nadir Shah ordered the massacre after a
group of Delhi-wallahs attacked and killed 900 of his soldiers in a bazaar brawl. At the end of a single day’s slaughter
1,50,000 of the city’s citizens lay dead. Nadir Shah’s massacre exacerbated the decline of the Mughal Empire which had
been steadily contracting since the death of Aurangzeb, the last Great Mogul, in 1707. By the end of eighteenth
century, Delhi, shorn of the empire which gave it life, had sunk into a state of impotent dotage. The aristocracy tried to
maintain the life-style and civilization of the empire, but in a ruined and impoverished city raped and violated by a
succession of invaders. The destruction created a mood conducive to elegy, and the great Urdu writers made the most
of the opportunity. “There is no house from where the jackal’s cry cannot be heard,’ wrote Sauda. ‘The mosques at
evening are unlit and deserted. In the once beautiful gardens, the grass grows waist-high around fallen pillars and the
ruined arches. Not even a lamp of clay now burns where once the chandeliers blazed with light...”
On the throne in the Hall of Audience in the Qila-i-Mualla, the Exalted Fort sat the Emperor Shah Alam. He was a brave,
cultured and intelligent old man, still tall and commanding, his dark complexion offset by a short white beard. He spoke
four languages and maintained a harem of five hundred women; but for all this, he was sightless-years before, his eyes
had been gouged out by Ghulam Qadir, an Afghan marauder whom he had once kept as his catamite. Like some symbol
of the city over which he presided, Shah Alam was a blind emperor ruling from a ruined palace. At his court, the
elaborate etiquette of Mughal Society was scrupulously ‘maintained’; poetry, music and the arts flourished. But beneath
the surface lustre, all was rotten. Servants prised precious stones from the pietra dura inlay on the walls to sell in
Chandni Chowk. The old court costumes were threadbare; the plaster was peeling. Mountains of rubbish accumulated in
the city streets and amid the delicate pavilions of the Exalted Palace. Unable to see the decay around him, Shah Alam
still could not escape its stench. With Iris Portal and the Haxby sisters I had heard the testimonies of the last British in
Delhi. Now, in the cold of early December I visited the chilly Delhi libraries searching for the accounts of the first English
to penetrate the city’s walls in the late eighteenth century. The most detailed of the early descriptions was that written
by Lieutenant William Franklin. Franklin had been sent to Delhi by the directors of the East India Company to survey
the then unknown heartlands of the empire of the Great Mogul. Franklin’s account of his discoveries, published in
Calcutta in the 1795 Asiatic Researches (the journal of the newly-founded Royal Asiatic Society) painted a melancholy
picture of the once-great capital. Franklin had approached the city on horseback from the northwest. His first glimpse
was of a landscape littered with crumbling ruins : ‘The environs are crowded with the remains of’ spacious gardens and
the country-houses of the nobility,’ he wrote in his report. ‘The prospect towards Delhi, as far as the eye can reach, is
covered with the remains cf gardens, pavilions, mosques and burying places.’
31. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Olivia is a painter
(2) Olivia is the author’s neighbour
(3) Olivia is a historian
(4) Olivia is the author of the passage
32. During the winter season in Delhi,
(1) People largely stay indoors
(2) Most people prefer to walk around the streets
(3) The road side stacks are well-lit
(4) None of the above
33. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Bright saffron coloured silk flags fly over the new Muslim graves
(2) Yellow and red silk flags fly over the new Muslim graves
(3) Yellow and green silk flags fly over the new Muslim graves
(4) All Muslim gaves are covered with black flags
34. According to the passage,
(1) All the goats wear old cardigans
(2) No goats wear cardigans
(3) All the goats are given new cardigans to wear
(4) Some goats wear old cardigans
35. Which of the following is a correct statement?
(1) The author of the passage was known to Iris Portal
(2) The author was not familiar with the Huxley sisters
(3) Neither Iris Portal nor the Huxley sisters knew about the last British in India
(4) The author was not interested in the first English who entered Delhi.
PASSAGE-2
Google headquarters in Mountain View, California, has a certain Centre feel to it — so many fun space-age toys to play
with, so little time. In one corner is a spinning globe that emits light beams based on the volume of people searching on
Google. As you would expect, most of the shafts of light are shooting up from North America, Europe, Korea, Japan, and
coastal China. The Middle East and Africa remain pretty dark. In another corner is a screen that shows a sample of what
things people are searching for at that moment, all over the world. When I was there in 2001, I asked my hosts what had
been the most frequent searches lately. One, of course, was “sex,” a perennial favourite of Googlers. Another was
“God.” “Lots of people searching for Him or Her. A third was “jobs”—you can’t find enough of those. And the fourth
most searched item around the time of my visit? I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry : ‘professional wrestling’. The
weirdest one, though, is the Google recipe book, where people just open their refrigerators, see what ingredients are
inside, type three of them into Google, and see what recipes come up! Fortunately, no single word or subject accounts
for more than 1 or 2 percent of all Google searches at any given time, so no one should get too worried about the fate
of humanity on the basis of Google’s top search items on any particular day. Indeed, it is the remarkable diversity of
searches going on via Google, in so many different tongues, that makes the Google search engine (and search engines in
general) such huge flatteners. Never before in the history of the planet have so many people — on their own — had the
ability to find so much information about so many things and about so many other people.
Said Russian-born Google cofounder Sergey Brin, “If someone has broadband, dial-up, or access to an Internet cafe,
whether a kid in Cambodia, the university professor, or me who runs this search engine, ‘all have the same basic access
to overall research information that anyone has. It is a total equalizer. This is very different than how I grew up. My best
access was some library, and it did not have all that much stuff, and you either had to hope for a miracle or search for
something very simple or something very recent. When Google came along, he added, suddenly that kid had “universal
access” to the information in libraries all over the world.
That is certainly Google’s goal— to make easily available all the world’s knowledge in every language. And Google hopes
that in time, with a PalmPilot or a cell phone, everyone everywhere will be able to carry around access to all the world’s
knowledge in their pockets. “Everything” and “everyone” are key words that you hear around Google all the time.
Indeed, the official Google history carried on its home page notes that the name “Google” is a play on the word
“googol”; which is the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google’s use of the term reflects
the company’s mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the Web, “just
for you”. What Google’s success reflects is how much people are interested in having just that — all the world’s
knowledge at their fingertips. There is no bigger flattener than the idea of making all the world’s knowledge, or even just
a big chunk of it, available to anyone and everyone, anytime, anywhere.
“We do discriminate only to the degree that if you can’t use a computer or don’t have access to one, you can’t use
Google, but other than that, if you can type, you can use Google,” said Google CEO Eric Schmidt. And surely if the
flattening of the world means anything, he added, it means that “there is no discrimination in accessing knowledge.
Google is now searchable in one hundred languages, and every time we find another we increase it. Let’s imagine a
group with a Google iPod one day and you can tell it to search by voice — that would take care of people who can’t use
a computer — and then [Google access] just becomes about the rate at which we can get cheap devices into people’s
hands”. How does searching fit into the concept of collaboration? I call it “informing”. Informing is the individual’s
personal analogue to uploading, outsourcing, in sourcing, supply-chaining, and offshoring. Informing is the ability to
build and deploy your own personal supply chain — a supply chain of information, knowledge and entertainment.
Informing is about self-collaboration — becoming your own self-directed and self-empowered, researcher,
editor, and selector of entertainment, without having to go to the library or the movie theatre or through network
television. Informing is searching for knowledge. It is about seeking likeminded people and communities. Google’s
phenomenal global popularity, which has spurred Yahoo ! and Microsoft (through its MSN Search) also to make power
searching and informing prominent - features of their Web sites, shows how hungry people are for this form of
collaboration. Google is now processing roughly one billion searches per day, up from 150 million just three years ago.
The easier and more accurate searching becomes, added Larry Page, Google’s other cofounder, the more global
Google’s user base becomes, and the more powerful a flattener it becomes. Every day more and more people are able
to inform themselves in their own language. Today, said Page “only a third of our searches are U.S.-based, and less than
half are in English.” Moreover, he added, “as people are searching for more obscure things, people are publishing more
obscure things,” which drives the flattening effect of informing even more. All the major search engines have also
recently added the capability for users to search not only the Web for information but also their own computer’s hard
drive for words or data or e-mail they know is in there somewhere but have forgotten where. When you can search your
own memory more efficiently, that is really informing. In late 2004, Google announced plans to scan the entire contents
of both the University of Michigan and Stanford University libraries, making tens of thousands of books available and
searchable online.
In the earliest days of search engines, people were amazed and delighted to stumble across the information they
sought; eureka moments were unexpected surprises, said Yahoo’s cofounder Jerry Yang. “Today their attitudes are
much more presumptive. They presume that the information they’re looking for is certainly available and that it’s just a
matter of technologists making it easier to get to, and in fewer keystrokes,” he said. “The democratization of
information is having a profound impact on society. Today’s consumers are much more efficient—they can find
information, products, and services, faster [through search engines] than through traditional means. They are better
informed about issues related to health, leisure etc. Small towns are no longer disadvantaged relative to those with
better access to information. And people have the ability to be better connected to things that interest them, to quickly
and easily become experts in given subjects and to connect with others who share their interests.”
Google’s founders understood that by the late 1990s hundreds of thousands of Web pages were being added to the
Internet each day, and that existing search engines, which tended to search for keywords, could not keep pace. Brin and
Page, who met as Stanford University students in computer science in 1995, developed a mathematical formula that
ranked a Web page by how many other Web pages were linked to it, on the assumption that the more people linked to
a certain page, more important the page. The key breakthrough that enabled Google to become first among search
engines was its ability to combine” its PageRank technology with an analysis of page content, which determines which
pages are most relevant to the specific search being conducted. Even though Google entered the market after other
major search players, its answers were seen by people as more accurate and relevant to what they were looking for. The
fact that one search engine was just a little better than the others led a tidal wave of people to switch to it. (Google now
employs scores of mathematicians working on its search algorithms, in an effort to always keep them one step more
relevant than the competition). For some reason, said Brin, “people underestimated the importance of finding
information, as opposed to other things you would do online. If you are searching for something like a health issue, you
really want to know; in some cases it is a lifeand- death matter. We have people who search Google for heartattack
symptoms and then call nine-one-nine.” But sometimes you really want to in-form yourself about something much
simpler.
36. Which of the following is not a correct statement?
(1) Informing is supply chain management
(2) Informing is the ability to build and deploy your own supply of information
(3) Knowledge makes you self-directed and self-empowered
(4) Knowledge and information reduce inequality
37. According to the passage,
(1) PageRank technology analyses the relevance of information
(2) Google search does not determine which pages contain relevant information
(3) Google was the first search player on the web
(4) Yahoo entered the market after Google
38. The author of the passage suggests that most people use
Google to search for
(1) Jobs (2) Sex
(3) God (4) All of the above
39. Which of the following is a correct statement?
(1) More than 70 percent of people search for God on Google
(2) Less than 2 percent of people search for God on Google
(3) More than 50 percent of people search for sex on Google
(4) About 30 percent of people search for wrestling on Google
40. According to the author of the passage,
(1) Go has made the world flat
(2) Google has revealed the history of the planet
(3) Different languages have created Google engine
(4) Limited information is available on Google engine
