Data Analysis Techniques
The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0
and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) via Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS)
computer software 18.0.
1) SPSS is a system that accesses and analyzes data to calculate many of the
descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviations, percentage,
range, reliability coefficients and zero order correlations.
2) AMOS is system that allows complex relationship between constructs
and tests the research model (Arbuckle, 2011 and Hair et al., 2010).
Figure 4.2: Steps in the Data Analysis Process
Preliminary Data Analysis
Inspect the respondent’s profile 1st Phase
and descriptive statistic of
variables via SPSS
Measurement Model through
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Structural Model 2nd Phase
Hypothesis Testing
Based on the figure above, it shows that data analysis in this study consists of two
main phases.
1) The first phase involves some preliminary data analysis such as
screening and checking missing data, outliers and normality. These
were undertaken using SPSS.
2) The second phase included the multivariate analysis using the Structural
Equation Model (SEM) technique using AMOS. SEM was conducted in two
steps consist of Measurement Model for Confirmatory Factor Analysis
and Structural Model to explain the result of multivariate analysis for the
hypothesis testing.