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Solved Examples For Method of Variation of Parameters

The document summarizes the solution to a third order differential equation using the Method of Variation of Parameters. It finds the homogeneous solution, sets up a system of equations to solve for the variation parameters, integrates to find the particular solution, and combines the homogeneous and particular solutions to write the general solution. The general solution is a function of e to powers of x, x, and a constant term.

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Fellippe Gumahin
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855 views2 pages

Solved Examples For Method of Variation of Parameters

The document summarizes the solution to a third order differential equation using the Method of Variation of Parameters. It finds the homogeneous solution, sets up a system of equations to solve for the variation parameters, integrates to find the particular solution, and combines the homogeneous and particular solutions to write the general solution. The general solution is a function of e to powers of x, x, and a constant term.

Uploaded by

Fellippe Gumahin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FINALS: Method of Variation of Parameters

Francis Fellippe Amor S. Gumahin


FINAL TERM: September 2020

Problem No. 2:
Solve the differential equation using Method of Variation of Parameters

y000 − 6y00 + 5y0 + 12y = x2 (1)

Solution:
We start by solving for homogeneous solutionyh ,

λ3 − 6λ2 + 5λ + 12 = 0
λ = {−1, 3, 4}
yh = c1 e− x + c2 e3x + c3 e4x
y1 = e− x y2 = e3x y3 = e4x

Since equation [1] is of third order, for convenience we solve using Matrix Method. We write the
following system of equations,

v10 e− x + v20 e3x + v30 e4x = 0 (2)


−v10 e− x + 3v20 e3x + 4v30 e4x = 0 (3)
v10 e− x + 9v20 e3x + 16v30 e4x =0 (4)

Solving simultaneously,

[2] + [3] : 4v20 e3x + 5v30 e4x = 0 (5)


5
v20 = − v30 e x (6)
  4
5
[6] → [2] : v10 e− x + − v30 e4x e3x + v30 e4x = 0 (7)
4
1 0 5x
v10 = v e (8)
    4 3
1 0 5x 5
[8] & [6] → [4] : v e e− x + 9 − v30 e x e3x + 16v30 e4x = x2 (9)
4 3 4
1 2 −4x
v30 = x e (10)
5
Using [10], we get the following derivatives and their corresponding integrals through integration

1 2 x 1 x 2
v10 = x e v1 = e ( x − 2x + 2)
20 20
1 1 −3x
v20 = − x2 e−3x v2 = e (9x2 + 6x + 2)
4 108
0 1 2 −4x 1 −4x
v3 = x e v3 = − e (8x2 + 4x + 1)
5 160

1
We know that the particular solution of a third order linear differential equation takes on the form
y p = v1 y1 + v2 y2 + v3 y3 , thus we write

1 x 2 1 −3x 1 −4x
yp = e ( x − 2x + 2)e− x + e (9x2 + 6x + 2)e3x − e (8x2 + 4x + 1)e4x .
20 108 160
Simplifying gives us,
72x2 − 60x + 97
yp = .
864
Thus we write the general solution for equation [1] as,

1 2 5 97
ANS: y( x ) = c1 e− x + c2 e3x + c3 e4x + x − x+ .
12 72 864

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