Digestive System
- The Digestive system is a breakdown of food into molecules the body may
use. Absorption or movement of food molecules into circulatory system.
Main Organs
Mouth- provides for mechanical and chemical digestion.
Pharynx- common passageway for food and air.
Esophagus- passage which moves food to stomach by
peristalsis.
Stomach- mechanical digestion by muscular action.
Chemical digestion by
hydrochloric acid and enzymes.
Small Intestine- majority of chemical digestion and
absorption occurs here.
Pancreas and liver secrete digestive juices
into small
intestine. Chemical digestion by enzyme.
Liver- produces bile to emulsify fat.
Pancreas- secretes enzymes.
Large Intestine (colon)- completes absorption of water,
minerals and
vitamins.
Circulatory
System
-The Circulatory System carries nutrients and oxygen to body
cells.
Transports carbon dioxide and other waste products away
from
cells. Helps combat disease and maintain body
temperature.
Major Organs
Blood- carries nutrients and oxygen, combats disease and
helps maintain
body temperature. Made up of plasma (liquid) red
blood cell,
white blood cells and platelets.
Heart- muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the
body.
Blood Vessels- carry blood to various body parts:
-arteria- carry blood away from heart.
-veins- carry blood to heart.
-capillaries- smallest vessels that facilitate exchange
of gases, waste
products, and nutrients with body cells.
Lymph System- carries body fluid and helps fight disease.
Excretory System
-The Excretory System filters and eliminates water,
metabolic wastes, and
others substance from blood.
Major Organs
Kidneys- remove blood wastes, regulate maintain
homeostasis.
Uterus- carry urine
Urinary Bladder- stores urine
Urethra- eliminates urine from body.
Nervous System
-The Nervous System controls different body systems by
receiving and
transmitting impulses throughout the body.
Major Organs
Brain- control center of body.
Cerebrum- receives sensory impulses and coordinates motor
impulses.
Brain Stem- controls basic life functions.
Nerves- transmit impulses.
Spinal Cord- links brain with nerves. Controls involuntary
movements
(reflexes).
Integumentary
System
- The Integumentary System acts as protective covering for
body. Protects
against physical injury and prevents harmful organisms
from entering the
body. Has sensory and eliminates functions.
Major Organs
Skin- protective covering for body.
Hair- protective covering for body.
Nails- protective covering for body.
Respiratory System
-The Respiratory System exchanges gases between
atmosphere and blood.
Oxygen is taken in; carbon dioxide is eliminated.
Major Organs
Lungs- major breathing organs which exchange gases with
blood.
Skeletal System
-The Skeletal System supports body and protects internal
organs. Stores
minerals and helps produce bone cells.
Major Organs
Bones- support and protect the body
Muscular System
-The Muscular System facilitates movement. Provides
protection for some
internal organs.
Major Organs
Muscles- facilitate movement by expansion and contraction.
Connect to
bones.
-Skeletal- give the body much of its bulk.
-Cardiac- is present only in the heart.
-Smooth- is located in the walls of the intestines,
bladder, and other
internal organs.
Head and Neck Muscles- move your jaw and bring your teeth
together for
chewing. Muscles in the neck help
to hold head
up.
Endocrine System
- The Endocrine System contains glands that produce
hormones that help
regulate activities in the bodies tissue and organs.
Major Organs
Thyroid- secretes thyroxin which functions in body growth.
Adrenals- secrete hormones which help body respond to
stress. Secrete
corticoids.
Pancreas- secretes insulin. Regulates glucose in blood.
Gonad- secrete hormones to regulate secondary sex
characteristics.
Pituitary- master gland which regulates growth and controls
other endocrine
glands.
Hypothalamus- links endocrine system with nervous system.
Immune System
- The Immune System is a single-organ that is spread
throughout your body to
fight disease and bacteria.
Major Organs
Thymus Gland- build up killer white cells and controls
antibody regulators.
Cortical- sets upon the thymus and shrinks it and tracks
down helpful white
cells that have escaped and dissolve them.
Phagocytes- destroy bacteria.
Female Reproductive
System
- The Female Reproductive System consists of sex organs,
which enable
women to have children. Female organs called ovaries
make eggs.
Major Organs
Ovaries- are on either side of the uterus and is where eggs
are formed. They
also produce estrogen.
Fallopian Tubes- two slender ducts that connect the ovaries
with uterus.
Uterus- (womb) a hollow organ in the body of a woman in
which the fetus
develops.
Vagina- the passageway in a woman's body between the
cervix and the
vulva. Menstrual fluid passes out of the body
through the vagina
and the baby travels through the vagina during
childbirth. The
vaginal is sometimes called the birth canal.
Vulva- the external parts of the female genitalia' the fatty
folds of flesh
surrounding the opening of the vagina.
Male Reproductive
System
- The Male Reproductive System consist of sex organs,
which enables men
to produce children. Male organs are called testes they
make sperm.
Major Organs
Penis- transforms sperm into the women's vagina during
sexual intercourse.
Vas deferens- these two tubes carry sperm from each
epididymis to the
prostate.
Prostate- produce fluids that mix with sperm.
Epidermis- the outer surface layer of the skin that contains
both squamous
and basal cells.
Testis- are egg-shape glands that produce sperm and a male
sex hormone
called testosterone.
Urethra- this is the passage for sperm, and for urine from
the bladder.
