1.I already know myself.
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2. I know my strengths and weaknesses.
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3. I am satisfied of what I have right now.
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TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES:
While learning all the concepts in these
modules, you are expected to:
recognize the different perspectives
regarding the nature of man; assess the
philosophical and psychological perspective of
the self by critiquing the argument given; and
UPGRADED TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES:
demonstrate critical and reflective thought in analyzing
the development of one’s self and identity developing a
theory of the self.
Philosophical
view of SELF
Views & Concepts
PHILOSOPHY
Is an activity people undertake
when they seek to understand
fundamental truths about
themselves, the world in which
they live, and their relationships to
the world and to each other.
What is your Philosophy in life?
Socrates : Know Yourself
Trivia: Socrates never wrote a book and most of the things
we know about him came from Xenophon and his prized
student – Plato. This is also the reason why it is sometimes
difficult to differentiate Socrates’ idea from Plato.
Socrates is principally concerned with man.
He believes in the existence of soul before the
man’s body.
The famous line of Socrates, “Know yourself” tell
each man to bring his inner self to light.
“A bad man is not virtuous through ignorance”
“An unexamined life is not worth living”
Plato : The Ideal self,
the Perfect Self
According to Plato, man was omniscient or
all-knowing from he came to be born into
this world.
An important part of his philosophy is the
dichotomy of the Ideal world and the
Material world.
He believed that human being are
composed of two things, a BODY and a SOUL
(Theory of Dualism)
It is the SOUL which is the true SELF – the
permanent, unchanging
St. Augustine
: Love and Justice as the Foundation
of the Individual Self
― St. Augustine believes that a virtuous life is
a dynamism of love.
― Out of love , God created man. Man is in
fact, created in the image of God. He has
as immortal soul whose main pursuit is to
have a everlasting life.
― Loving God means loving one’s fellowmen;
and loving one’s fellowmen denotes never
doing any harm.
Rene Descartes : COGITO ERGO SUM
His famous principle was “Cogito, ergo sum,”
which means, “I think, therefore I am.”
Although the mind and the body are
independent from each other and serve
their own function, man must use his own
mind and thinking abilities to investigate,
analyze, experiment, and develop himself.
The mind is conjoined with the body in such
an intimate way that casually act upon
each other.
John Locke : Personal Identity
John Locke holds that personal identity (the
Self) is a matter of Psychological continuity.
For him, personal identity is founded on
consciousness (memory), and not on the
substance of either the soul or the body.
He subscribes to the memory theory that holds
we are the same person as we in the past for
as long as we can remember something in the
past.
The memory renders us self-conscious we are
that one and the same person.
David Hume
: The Self is the bundle
Theory of Mind
Hume is skeptical about the existence of the self,
specifically, on whether is a simple, unified self that
exists over time.
For him, man has no “clear and intelligible” idea of the
self. He posits that no single impression of the self exists;
rather, the self is just the thing to which all perceptions
of man is ascribe.
Moreover, even if there were such an impression of the
self, it would have to remain constant over time to
constitute identity.
Simply’ “a person can never observe oneself without
some other perception.
Immanuel Kant
: Respect for Self
Man is the only creature who governs and direct
himself and his action who sets up ends for himself
and his purpose, and who freely orders means for
the attainment of his aims.
Every man is thus an end in himself and should
never treated merely as a means-as per the order
of the Creator and the natural order of things. This
rule is a plain dictum of reason and justice:
Respect other as you would respect yourself.
Thank you!
MINI TASK: At the end of the lesson in this learning packet, you are
expected to do this given mini task:
This is a week long, self-reflection project. Be as creative and
expressive as you can. On a piece of notebook (or scrapbook),
write the answer to question given to you every day. When you
write your answer, use only one word and express it in calligraphy
form. You may also design the page where you will write your
answer to express yourself and your answer better.
Day 1: What will best describe your over-all emotion for the
day?
Day 2: What characteristic do you think you need to improve
today?
Day 3: What is your greatest achievement today?
Day 4: What is your biggest regret for the day?
Day 5: Why did you wake up today? For/because I__________.
Day 6: What is your greatest contribution to the world today?
Day 7: What do you hope to achieve in life?
