HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>I am normal</p>
<p style="color:red;">I am red</p>
<p style="color:blue;">I am blue</p>
<p style="font-size:50px;">I am big</p>
</body>
</html>
Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute. The HTML style
attribute has the following syntax:
<tagname style="property:value;">
The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.
<body style="background-color:powderblue;">
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
Set background color for two different elements:
<body>
<h1 style="background-color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="background-color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="font-size:300%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">Centered paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Chapter Summary
Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
Use background-color for background color
Use color for text colors
Use font-family for text fonts
Use font-size for text sizes
Use text-align for text alignment
HTML Text Formatting
HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Formatting Elements
Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:
<b> - Bold text
<strong> - Important text
<i> - Italic text
<em> - Emphasized text
<mark> - Marked text
<small> - Smaller text
<del> - Deleted text
<ins> - Inserted text
<sub> - Subscript text
<sup> - Superscript text
Background Image on a HTML element
To add a background image on an HTML element, use the HTML style attribute and the CSS
background-image property:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Background Image</h2>
<p>A background image for a div elememt:</p>
<div style="background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');">
You can specify background images<br>
for any visible HTML element.<br>
In this example, the background image<br>
is specified for a div element.<br>
By default, the background-image<br>
will repeat itself in the direction(s)<br>
where it is smaller than the element<br>
where it is specified. (Try resizing the<br>
browser window to see how the<br>
background image behaves.
</div>
<p>A background image for a p elememt:</p>
<p style="background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');">
You can specify background images<br>
for any visible HTML element.<br>
In this example, the background image<br>
is specified for a p element.<br>
By default, the background-image<br>
will repeat itself in the direction(s)<br>
where it is smaller than the element<br>
where it is specified. (Try resizing the<br>
browser window to see how the<br>
background image behaves.
</p>
</body>
</html>
To avoid the background image from repeating itself, set the background-repeat property to no-
repeat.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-image: url('example_img_girl.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Background No Repeat</h2>
<p>You can avoid the image from being repeated by setting the background-repeat
property to "no-repeat".</p>
</body>
</html>
If you want the background image to cover the entire element, you can set the background-size
property to cover.
Also, to make sure the entire element is always covered, set the background-attachment property
to fixed:
This way, the background image will cover the entire element, with no stretching (the image will
keep its original proportions):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-image: url('img_girl.jpg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: cover;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Background Cover</h2>
<p>Set the background-size property to "cover" and the background image will cover
the entire element, in this case the body element.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Tables
HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns.
The <table> tag defines an HTML table. Each table row is defined with a <tr> tag. Each table
header is defined with a <th> tag. Each table data/cell is defined with a <td> tag. By default, the
text in <th> elements are bold and centered. By default, the text in <td> elements are regular and
left-aligned.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Basic HTML Table</h2>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
To add a border to a table, use the CSS border property:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Table With Border</h2>
<p>Use the CSS border property to add a border to the table.</p>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
To let the borders collapse into one border, add the CSS border-collapse property:
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders. If you do not specify a
padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding. To set the padding, use the CSS padding
property:
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 20px;
}
</style>
By default, table headings are bold and centered. To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-
align property: Example
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 5px;
}
th {
text-align: left;
}
</style>
To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan attribute:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 5px;
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Cell that spans two columns</h2>
<p>To make a cell span more than one column, use the colspan
attribute.</p>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Telephone</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
<td>55577854</td>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 5px;
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Cell that spans two rows</h2>
<p>To make a cell span more than one row, use the rowspan attribute.</p>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td>Bill Gates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th>
<td>55577854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>55577855</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
<table style="width:100%">
<caption>Monthly savings</caption>
</table>
Now you can define a special style for this table:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
padding: 15px;
text-align: left;
}
#t01 {
width: 100%;
background-color: #f1f1c1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Styling Tables</h2>
<table style="width:100%">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table id="t01">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>John</td>
<td>Doe</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Chapter Summary
Use the HTML <table> element to define a table
Use the HTML <tr> element to define a table row
Use the HTML <td> element to define a table data
Use the HTML <th> element to define a table heading
Use the HTML <caption> element to define a table caption
Use the CSS border property to define a border
Use the CSS border-collapse property to collapse cell borders
Use the CSS padding property to add padding to cells
Use the CSS text-align property to align cell text
Use the CSS border-spacing property to set the spacing between cells
Use the colspan attribute to make a cell span many columns
Use the rowspan attribute to make a cell span many rows
Use the id attribute to uniquely define one table
