Name: Sohel Rana
Roll: 19 SES 20
Session: 2018-19
Subject code: SES 201
Topic 1: Major clay minerals presents in Bangladesh as well as in
world soil group.
Why is clay minerals:
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, sometimes with variable amounts
of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some
planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to
life, and many theories of abiogenesis involve them.
The analysis of all the X-ray diffractograms results in four major groups of clay minerals:
Illlite (average—50%),
Chlorite (average—24%),
Kaolinite (average—23%) and
Smectite (average—2.5%) sequentially by abundance. A number of mixed layer clays
are also present in the samples in a minor amount.
Which mineral is most related to Clay?
There are three main groups of clay minerals: Kaolinite - also includes dickite and
nacrite; formed by the decomposition of orthoclase feldspar (e.g. in granite); kaolin is the
principal constituent in china clay.
What is the composition of clay soil?
Clay soil is essentially composed of several minerals that deposit together and, over
time, form a hardened clay deposit. Silicates, mica, iron and aluminum hydrous-oxide minerals
are the most common minerals found in clay deposits. However, other minerals, such as quartz
and carbonate, are also present in clay soils.
What is the major source of minerals in soil?
Solution :
The physical and chemical weathering of rocks is the process involved in formation of
soil. Rocks are the naturally occurring soil aggregates of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
The three major groups of clay minerals?
There are three main groups of clay minerals:
Kaolinite - also includes
Dickite and
Nacrite; formed by the decomposition of orthoclase feldspar (e.g. in granite);
kaolin is the principal constituent in china clay.
Mica
Mica was the predominant clay mineral in almost all the soils. Other major minerals
were smectite (mainly iron-rich high-charge beidellite), chlorite, vermiculite, kaolinite, and
interstratified mica-chlorite, mica-vermiculite-smectite and kaolinite-smectite, depending on
the physiographic location of the soils.
Where is Clay most commonly found?
Most clay minerals form where rocks are in contact with water, air, or steam. Examples
of these situations include weathering boulders on a hillside, sediments on sea or lake bottoms,
deeply buried sediments containing pore water, and rocks in contact with water heated by
magma (molten rock).
How is clay used in everyday life?
Clay is used to make bricks and roofing tiles, and as an additive in cat litter and paint, for
example. Limestone is used in fertiliser, cement, paint, etc.
Topic 02: DTA and X-ray diffraction methode of clay identification.
Clay Mineral Separation:
Clay minerals are most often identified by reflection powder XRD of both oriented and
random preparations. Identification is greatly facilitated if the clay fraction is first separated
from the rock (bulk sample), to minimize contamination by non-clay minerals.
The <16-µm clay analysis method is used for identification and relative comparison of clays
within sandstone samples. ... The clays are centrifuged and smeared onto a glass slide. Finally,
to properly identify clay minerals, the sample is glycolated, scanned by XRD, heated to 350°C
for 1 hour, and rescanned by XRD.
X-ray diffraction methode of clay identification:
X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) is a versatile technique that can be used to identify any
crystalline substances, such as most minerals. It can also be used to quantify the proportions of
different minerals or indeed many other substances when they are present in a mixture.
DTA diffraction methode of clay identification:
The differential thermal method, by determining the thermal reactions undergone by a
clay or shale, is a rapid means of identifying the mineral components of such materials, and
because the properties of clays and shales depend largely on their mineral composition, it is at
the same time a rapid method of evaluating.
