American International University - Bangladesh (Aiub) : Power System Analysis (Section: B)

AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY – BANGLADESH (AIUB)

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS (SECTION : B)
Experiment No : 07
Experiment Name :Symmetrical Fault Analysis
using MATLAB Software.
Date of Submission : 14/09/2020
Section : B
Submitted By :
Name : Adity Roy
ID : 17-34088-1
Introduction:
To become familiar with modeling and analysis of power system under faulted condition and to
compute the fault current, post fault voltage and fault current through the branches for a
symmetrical fault in a small power system and also study the effect of neighboring system.
1. To observe the effect of „α‟ variation over symmetrical fault current.
2. To carryout fault analysis for symmetrical faults in small systems using the Thevenin‟s
equivalent circuit in the sequences and phase domains at the faulted bus but without the use of
software.
3. To conduct fault analysis on a given system using software available and obtain fault analysis
report with fault level and current at the faulted point and post-fault voltages and currents in the
network for symmetrical faults.
Theory and Methodology:
Short circuits and other abnormal conditions often occur on a power system. Short circuits are
usually called “faults” by power system engineers. Some defects, other than short circuits are
also termed as faults. Faults are caused either by insulation failures or by conducting path
failures. The failure of insulation results in short circuits which are very harmful as they may
damage some equipment of the power system. Most of the faults in transmission and distribution
lines are caused by over voltages due to lightning or switching surges, or by external conducting
objects falling on overhead lines. Overvoltage due to lightning or switching surges cause
flashover on the surface of insulators resulting in short circuits. Short circuits are also caused by
tree branches or other conducting objects falling on the overhead lines. The fault impedance
being low, the fault currents are relatively high. The fault currents being excessive, they damage
the faulty equipment and the supply installation. Also, the system voltage may reduce to a low
level, windings and bus bars may suffer mechanical damage due to high magnetic forces during
faults and the individual generators in a power station or group of generators in different power
stations may lose synchronism.
Fault Classifications The types of fault commonly occurring in practice are as follows:
(a) Three-phase faults or symmetrical faults: If a line condition occurs in which all three phases
are shorted together, either by something falling on the phase conductors, an equipment failure,
or all three lines falling to the ground, it is called a three-phase fault. These are relatively rare,
accounting for only about 5% of all transmission line faults.
(b) Line to ground: Line to ground faults are caused by a transmission line touching the ground.
Wind, ice loading, or an accident such as a tree limb falling on a line can cause a line to ground
fault. This category accounts for about 70% of all transmission line short circuit faults.
(c) Line to line: These faults are normally caused by high winds blowing one line into another, or
by a line breaking and falling on a line below it. These account for about 15% of transmission
faults.
(d) Double line to ground: This category is caused by the same things that cause single line to
ground faults, except two lines are involved instead of one. These account for about 10% of
transmission line faults.
The symmetrical fault occurs when all the three conductors of a three-phase line are brought
together simultaneously into a short–circuit condition as shown in Figure 1.This type of fault
gives rise to symmetrical currents i.e. equal fault currents with 1200 displacement. Because of
balanced nature of fault, only one phase needs to be considered in calculations since condition in
the other two phases will also be similar. A three-phase short circuit occurs rarely but it is most
severe type of fault involving largest currents. For this reason, the balanced short-circuit
calculations are performed to determine these large currents to be used to determine the rating of
the circuit breakers.
In this experiment, the symmetrical short-circuit analysis is performed. The symmetrical fault
can be analyzed on single phase basis using reactance diagram. Once the per unit reactance
diagram is formed for fault condition, the current and voltages in the various parts of the system
can be determined by any of the following methods:
1. Kirchoff‟s laws
2. Thevnin‟s theorem
3. By forming the Bus impedance matrix.

Software :
MATLAB 2016
Diagram :
Result :
Discussion :
Reference(s):
[1] I J Nagrath, D P Lothari, “Modern Power System Analysi”s, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[2] Introduction to MATLAB by Rudra Pratap
[3] MATLAB User Manual by Mathworks

American International University - Bangladesh (Aiub) : Power System Analysis (Section: B)

Uploaded by

American International University - Bangladesh (Aiub) : Power System Analysis (Section: B)

Uploaded by

AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL

UNIVERSITY – BANGLADESH (AIUB)

1. To observe the effect of „α‟ variation over symmetrical fault current.

Theory and Methodology:

3. By forming the Bus impedance matrix.

[2] Introduction to MATLAB by Rudra Pratap

[3] MATLAB User Manual by Mathworks

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