System and Network
Administration Linux based
ITEC 3116
Server Configuration in Linux
Lecture 16-Week 8,
June 2020.
Recap of the previous Lecture
What is Pipe
Commands with Pipe
How to use filter in Linux
The concept of Grep Command
Agenda for Today’s Class
Server Configuration in Linux
Requirements
Following Models
Network Model
A network model represents the
architecture of computer network.
The most popular network models are
described below:
Client-Server Model
Peer-to-Peer Model
Hybrid Model
1- Client-Server Model
What is a Client?
What is a Server?
Client-Server Model …
Client
A client is a piece of hardware or
software used to communicate with a data
provider by sending a request.
Server
A server is a piece of hardware
or software that must be capable of
providing response to a specified request
or query.
Client-Server Model….
A network architecture in which many clients
request and receive services from a server is
called Client-Server model.
User sends request to the server
Server receives the request from client computer
and takes proper action on it.
The result of the request (response from server)
is sent to the client.
The World Wide Web (WWW) uses this
client/server model to allow millions of users
to access Web sites all over the world.
2- Peer-to-Peer Model
A network architecture in which all
computers on the network have equal
status is called Peer-to-Peer model.
In peer-to-peer network, there is no
central computer to control other
computers on the network.
Each computer can share the data
and device (or resources) of other
computers in the network.
3- Hybrid Network Model
The hybrid network model has
combined features of both Client-
Server and peer-2-peer network
models.
It also has one or more servers .
The users can also share data and
resources.
Each node can store its own data files
and programs.
Server and Web-Server
Is there any difference between
Server and Web-Server ?????
Web-Server
A Web server is a specific type of
server that knows how to
communicate with clients using the
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
A protocol is just a standard set of
rules that allow a client and server to
communicate.
For a client and server to
communicate, they must speak the
same protocol.
Network Connections and Ports
To connect to a server, the client must
be able to communicate with it over
the network.
Computers connected to the Internet
typically communicate using TCP/IP.
TCP/IP allows different types of
computers to communicate at a low
level; it is up to applications.
Port Number
Each service has a unique number
assigned to it known as a port number.
Different protocols works at different port
number
Following is a list of some well-known
protocols and their port numbers:
FTP 20, 21
Telnet 23
SMTP (e-mail) 25
HTTP 80
Linux Server Types
Linux Internet Servers (web,databases,ftp,DNS)
Linux Virtualization (VMware, user mode Linux)
Linux Remote Access (openVPN, SSh)
Linux Security (SSL/TLS encryption, network
monitoring)
Linux Internal Network Servers (file server-
samba, DHCP, Routing)
Linux Distributions (CentOS, Fedora)
Linux Web-Server
We know that Linux Operating System
is an Open Source operating system.
We use Apache as a web-server for
Linux.
Nginx (pronounced "engine X") is the
second most popular open source web
server .
Lighttpd (pronounced "lighty") is the
third most popular open source web
server.
Apache Web Server
Released in 1995, most popular web server
across the entire World Wide Web.
Currently used around 60% of web domains.
Common languages supported by the
Apache server include Perl, Python, and PHP
etc.
Core functionality of the server can be
extended with modules
add server-side programming language
support, authentication schemes, and other
features.
Nginx Web Server
Lightweight HTTP serve.
Serve as a reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3
proxy server.
Handle ten thousand clients simultaneously.
More scalable and uses less, and more
predictable, amounts of memory.
Supports name-based and IP-based virtual
servers, keep-alive and pipelined
connections.
Reconfigured and upgraded online without
interruption of the client processing.
Lighttpd Web Server
Optimized for speed-critical
environments while remaining
standards-compliant, secure and
flexible.
Handle 10,000 connections in parallel
on one server.
Very low memory footprint compared
to other webservers and takes care of
cpu-load.
Why Apache..??
An open source web server.
Mostly for Unix, Linux and Solaris
platforms.
Apache is the most popular web server
on the net.
It is very secure, fast, and reliable.
The name "Apache" derives from the
word "patchy“ that the Apache
developers used to describe early
versions of their software.
Apache…
Features of Apache
Implements many frequently requested features, including:
DBM databases authentication
Password and digital certificate authentication
Customized responses to errors and problems
Support Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
Support Virtual Hosts
Support Handling of static files, index files, auto-
indexing and content negotiation
It is Highly scalable (easily handles more than 10,000
simultaneous connections)
It has been tested thoroughly by both developers and
users.
Apache Web-Server
Apache is a process-based server, unlike
many of its rivals that are event-based or
asynchronous in nature.
In a process-based server,
each simultaneous connection requires a separate
thread and this incurs significant overhead.
An asynchronous server, on the other hand, is
event-driven and handles requests in a single or
very few threads.
Apache is frequently compared to MS Word –
an extremely feature-rich application in
which 90% of users only use about 10% of
the features on a regular basis.
Apache Web-Server…
It provides a full range of Web
server features, including
CGI(Common Gateway Interface),
SSL(Secure Socket Layer), and
virtual domains.
It also supports plug-in modules for
extensibility.
Apache Web-Server…
The Apache Web Server has
HTTP
CGI
SSL
i. The Apache Web server has been ported to Windows and other
network operating systems (NOS).
ii. The Apache HTTP Server is web server software notable for
playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web.
Lecture will be continue in next
class
