M,REMM 10:00-12:00 M
FIT OA September 30, 2019
Mountaineering
Mountaineering (also referred to as ‘mountain climbing’ or ―mainly in Europe― ‘Alpinism’) is the sport of
climbing a mountain.
Regardless of the length of the trip ―which can range from a few hours to multi-day expeditions―,
mountaineering is more physically demanding than hiking. Mountains often provide a mixed terrain (with the
presence of rock, ice and snow), so climbers need to be able to navigate through a wide variety of conditions.
Depending on the case, mountaineering may involve using technical equipment and combining a series of
related skills like scrambling, climbing, glacier travel, ice climbing or mixed climbing
Types of mountaineering activities
Scrambling is the grey area between very steep hillwalking and rock climbing; it lies somewhere within the
realm of rock climbing but without the need for the regular use of specialist safety equipment and it often
involves the use of your hands as well as your feet to make an ascent.
Trad or Traditional rock climbing requires a leader to place his own protection using temporary anchors to
add a degree of safety to the sport. As the lead climber ascends the rock a variety of these temporary anchoring
devices, known collectively as protection, is used in conjunction with natural rock features such as cracks and
spike at points that may be anywhere from a few centimetres to several metres apart depending on the difficulty
of the route and the judgement of the climber.
Sport climbing differs from traditional in that the climber depends on fixed, pre-placed rather than removable
protection. Sport climbing routes often follow technically difficult lines up imposing rock walls Sport climbing
often emphasises technique and strength rather than reaching a summit.
Snow ascent is to snow-craft what scambling is to rock-craft; the exact point winter hillwaking becomes a snow
ascent and a snow ascent becomes an ice climb varies from person to person. The angle of the ascent can be
between 20 and 45 degrees and either short or long with varying degrees of snow quality.
Mixed climbing combines attributes of rock and ice climbing. The routes are often summer scrambles/rock
climbs or ground that is too loose to be climbed in an unfrozen state. A mixed climb may include sections of
rock climbing and ice climbing.
Ice climbing is different from mixed climbing with routes having a higher proportion of water ice sections.
Routes are often found on frozen waterfalls, rock slabs covered with ice, and glaciers. Protection is chosen
based on the type of slope and the texture and quality of the snow and ice and the availability of rock protection.
Equipment may include ice screws and snow anchors.
Ski Mountaineering is an activity that combines the techniques of ski touring with those of mountaineering.
Equipment needed
Mountaineering rope
Harness designed for mountaineering
Mountaineering helmet (to protect from rockfall)
Carabiners
Belay devise
Crevasse rescue equipment
Mountaineering boots.
Camping items: 4-season tent, sleeping bag (check climate conditions), backpack
Crampons
Ice axes
Mountaineering gloves
Safety Precautions
Training on Mountaineering
Preparations and Planning before mountaineering
Footwear for mountaineering exercise
Food for mountaineering
Weather Watching before Mountaineering
Emergency Shelter for mountaineering
First Aid Kit
REFERENCES: https://www.explore-share.com/blog/what-is-mountaineering/
http://www.paisleyhillwalkingclub.org.uk/bls/Activities/Mountaineering/ClimbingOverview
http://www.travel-himalayas.com/himalayas-adventure-tips/tips-on-mountaineering.html
