UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
1) TREND OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVELLER
2) DOMESTIC VS INTERNATIONAL TRAVELLER
3) TIME
4) IN METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION
LAND : CAR,BUS, VAN , TRAIN
WATER: BOAT, CRUSIE, FERRY, SPEEDBOAT, TEMUAI
AIR: AEROPLANE, PERSONAL JET
5) ACCOMODATION
HOTEL, APARTMENT, MOTEL, VILLA, HOMESTAY, CRUSIE,
VIEW: POOLVIEW, MOUNTAIN, CITY VIEW
6) ONLINE BOOKING
7) LOCAL AGENCY
ITINARY (ACTIVITIES)
SHOPPING
EAT (FOOD)
TAKING PHOTOS
ADVENTURES
8) SAFETY/HYGIENE
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
1) WHO IS A TOURIST?
2) DOMESTIC TOURIST
(1) INTERNATIONAL TOURIST
(2) INCOMING
(3) OUTBOUND TOURIST
3) REASONS FOR TRAVEL?
4) TRANSPORTATION?
5) ACCOMODATION?
6) DURATION?
7) ITINARY/CULLINARY
8) JOBS RELATED TO TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY?
9) TYPES OF ATTRACTIONS
ANSWERS:
1) A Tourist is a person who makes a temporary trip (involving an overnight
stay) to another place or country.
2) (1) This is when people take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their
own country.
(2) Incoming/inbound tourism this describes people entering the country
in question from their home country, so it in a type of international
tourism.
(3) When people travel away from their home country to visit other
international countries for or business.
3) (1) Lesiure Tourism
(2) Business Tourism
(3) Sports Tourism
(4) Shopping Tourism
4) This concerns on airlines, ferry operators, rail companies depending on
the tourists.
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
5) Divided into 2 categories:
(1) Serviced accomodation
(Where meals are provided such as in hotels and guesthouses).
(2) Self-catering accomodation
(Such as cottages, chalets and apartments where occupants provided
their own food.)
6) Staying overnight or short term for a whole week.
7) That it involves with actvities doing out the trip.
8) (1) Travel agents
(2) Pilot
(3) Tour guide
(4) Tour operator
(5) Waiter
9) (1) Natural
(2) Man-made
The Structure Of International
Travel And Tourism Industry
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
1) Tourist Attractions
(1) Natural (Eg. Parks and zoo)
(2) Historical (Eg. Brunei Museum)
(3) Cultural (Eg. Art galleries, theaters)
(4) Man-made (Eg. Istana Nurul Iman)
(5) Entertainment (Eg. Cinemas, amusement park)
2) Transportation
(1) Land
(2) Air
(3) Water
3) Accommodation
A room, group of rooms/ building in which someone may live or stay.
4) Tour operator
(1) Flights
(2) Accomodation
(3) Excursions
(4) Transfers
(5) Travel insurance
5) Travel agent
Travel agencies provide servcies like travel advice, ticket sales, visa
information and insurance.
6) Tourist Information Centre (TIC’S)
Inside the TIC-displays of leaflets, brouchures on local attraction,
timetable of public transport, current events and venues.
Accommodation Tour Operator Tourist Information Centre
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Types of tourism Impacts
(1) Economic impacts
(2) Socio-cultural impacts
(3) Environmental impacts
1. Economic Impacts Of Tourism
Positive Negative
(1) Foreign exchange earnings (1) Inflation
(2) Contribution to government (2) Opportunity costs
revenues
(3) Dependency
(3) Generation of employment
(4) Seasonality
(4) Balance of payment/trade account
(5) Leakage
balance
(6) Enclave tourism
(5) Stimulation of infrastructure
investment (7) Seasonal character of jobs
(6) Contribution to local economies (8) Prostitution and the underground
economy
(7) Brings money into local economy
(9) A lot of the profit made from
(8) Creates jobs for local people.
tourism is kept by the large travel
(9) Increase that income of industries companies rather than going to the
that supply tourism (Eg. Farming) local economy.
2. Socio-Cultural Impacts Of Tourism
Positive Negative
3.
(1) Preservation and restoration of cultural (1) Loss of cultural character
heritage
(2) Loss of authenticity and meaning of
(2) Revival of traditional arts and crafts traditional arts and crafts
(3) Cultivation of cultural pride and sense of (3) Commercialization of human
identity relationships
(4) Cross – cultural of exchange (4) Potential misunderstandings and
conflicts between residents and tourists.
(5) Lots of jobs means young people are
more likely to stay in the area. (5) The tourism jobs available to locals are
often badly paid and are seasonal
(6) Improved roads, infrastructure and
communications benefit local people. (6) Traffic congestion caused by tourists can
inconvenience local people.
(7) Income from tourism can be reinvested in
local community projects. (7) The behavior of some tourists can offend
locals.
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
4. 3. Environmental Impacts Of Tourism
Positive Negative
(1) Income from tourism can be (1) Transporting lots of people long
distances release greenhouse gases that
reinvested in protecting the
cause global warming.
environment.
(2) Tourism can increase litter and pollution.
(3) Tourism can lead to the destruction of
natural habitats
(4) Loss of natural habitat and effects on
wildlife.
(5) Pollution.
(6) Wild life can be disturbed.
Tourism – related companies realized that turning green makes good
business sense.
1) Hotel sector:
Using recycled paper and reusable bottles.
2) Resorts:
Decreasing automobile traffic in resorts.
3) Travel Agents:
Publication of brochure offering tips and information on species protection
and environmentally proper behavior to vacationers
4) Transportation:
Use high capacity airplanes to reduce noise and emissions of pollutions and
fuel consumption.
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Role of National Governments In Forming Tourism Policy and Promotion
1) Establish a tourism policy (Eg. Bahagian industri and Pelcancongan).
2) Promote the area as a tourits destination.
3) Ensure the infrastructure is adequate (Roads, railways, airport, part
terminals).
4) Maintain tourist attraction and facilities (Tasek Lama recreational park).
5) Ensure the provision of Tourist Information Centre (TIC’S)
6) Provide legislation and regulation (Eg. Consumer protection laws and rules,
fire safet in a hotel, health and food safety regulation.
7) Offer finance (Banks/government loan) for development of tourist area).
8) Provide advisory services and training.
The “World Tourism Organization” sated in 2000 that:
Tourism is the world’s largest growth industry with no signs of slowing down
in the 21st Century. Receipts from international tourism have increased by an
average of 9% anually for the past 16 years to reach US$423 billion in 1996.
During the same period, international arrivals rose by a yearly average of
4.6% to reach 594 million in 1994.
UNIT 1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY
Pattern of demand for international Travel and tourism
Top 10 countries for international Tourism arrivals and receipts (2013)
Rank Country UNWTO Region International Tourist
Arrivals
1 France Europe 84.7 Million
2 United States North America 69.8 Million
3 Spain Europe 60.7 Million
4 China Asia 55.7 Million
5 Italy Europe 47.7 Million
6 Turkey Europe 37.8 Million
7 Germany Europe 31.5 Million
8 United Kingdom Europe 31.2 Million
9 Russia Europe 28.4 Million
10 Thailand Asia 26.5 Million
Top 10 Asia-Pacific Countries For International Tourism arrivals and receipts
Arrivals (2010)
Rank Country UNWTO Region International Tourist
Arrivals
1 France Europe 84.7 Million
2 United States North America 69.8 Million
3 Spain Europe 60.7 Million
4 China Asia 55.7 Million
5 Italy Europe 47.7 Million
6 Turkey Europe 37.8 Million
7 Germany Europe 31.5 Million
8 United Kingdom Europe 31.2 Million
9 Russia Europe 28.4 Million
10 Thailand Asia 26.5 Million
