Musical Instruments

The great majority of musical instruments fall readily into one of six major categories:
bowed strings, woodwind, brass, percussion, keyboard, and the guitar family, the first
four of which form the basis of the modern symphony orchestra.

Bowed Strings

The four principle orchestral string instruments are (in descending order
of overall pitch) the violins (usually divided into two sections, playing
individual parts), the violas, the cellos and the double basses. Each have
four strings arranged in order of pitch, can be played by means of a bow
(arco) or plucked (pizzicato), but whereas the violin and viola are
played with the instrument resting between the shoulder and the chin,
the larger cello (or, to give it its full title, violoncello) is placed facing
outwards between and slightly behind the knees, and the bulky double
bass is played standing up or seated on a high stool.

Enthusiasts of Medieval, Renaissance and early Baroque music will

encounter earlier varieties of bowed instruments known variously as
vielle, viol, or in its earliest form, fidel (hence the modern nickname for
a violin, 'fiddle'). The most popular member of the viol family is the cello's precursor,
the viola da gamba (literally 'viol of the legs').

Woodwind

The four principle woodwind instruments of the orchestra all work by means of a
system of keys (usually silver-plated) which when variously
depressed and released allow air to pass through differing lengths of
the instrument resulting in notes of different pitch. In order of
descending overall pitch, these are:

Flute
a normally silver-plated (or in more extravagant cases, gold),
narrow-bored instrument, held horizontally just under the mouth,
and activated by blowing air across an aperture at one end of the
instrument. Its higher-pitched cousin, the piccolo, is often
encountered, although the lower alto flute rather less so. Early forebears include the
unkeyed fife. The most popular close relation is the recorder family, largely unkeyed
and end-blown in the vertical position.

Oboe
a narrow-bored wooden instrument descended from the medieval
shawm, held vertically, and activated by means of placing the end-
positioned double-reed in the mouth, and blowing under high-
pressure so as to force air between the two bound reeds, causing
them to vibrate. Other members of the oboe family include the
lower pitched cor anglais (or English Horn), and (far more rarely)
baritone oboe and heckelphone (bass oboe). The instrument's most
famous predecessor is the Baroque oboe d'amore, often used by
Johann Sebastian Bach.

Clarinet
like the oboe usually wooden, played vertically and held in the
mouth, but with a wider bore and consisting of a single reed which
when activated vibrates against a detachable mouthpiece. The
standard instrument can be pitched in B flat (usually) or A, and the
family is unusually extensive including the higher-pitched E flat,
the B flat bass, the rarely-used C, the alto (a modern relative of the
basset horn), and the even more obscure double-bass or 'pedal'
clarinet. Occasionally the clarinet's 'popular' cousin can be seen in
the concert hall, the saxophone.

Bassoon
as the name would suggest, the bass member of the woodwind
family, and by far the largest, especially its lower-pitched relation,
the extremely bulky double or contra-bassoon. Like the oboe, it is
a double-reed instrument, although to facilitate the playing action
(the instrument is normally held across and in front of the body) it
is connected to the bassoon via a silver-plated, curved crook. Its
most notorious cousin is the Baroque serpent, shaped very much as
its name would suggest.
Brass Instruments

Brass instruments are also activated by blowing into them, although instead of using a
form of reed over which the mouth is placed, the lips are placed against or inside the
cup of a metal mouthpiece, and made to vibrate against its inner rim. In order of
descending pitch, these are:

Trumpet
one of the most ancient of all instruments. Played
horizontally via a series of valves on the top of the
instrument which are opened and closed in various
combinations to create different pitches. Occasionally,
the piccolo (higher) or bass (lower) trumpets are heard (and the trumpet's 'popular'
cousin, the cornet), although more common nowadays in 'authentic' Baroque
orchestras (which use instruments of the correct period or copies thereof), is the
'natural' or valveless trumpet. The more notationally limited bugle is rarely heard away
from its traditional military context.

French horn
another ancient instrument, descended from the use of animals'
horns (hence the name) in pre-historic times. The modern
instrument is the most outwardly complex, consisting of a
basic tube, rounded into a compact shape culminating in a
conical bore or bell, into which a series of valves are centrally
set. Before the valve system had been developed, the changing
of basic pitch was facilitated by the insertion of a variety of
crooks which altered the length of the basic tube, and the
changing of certain notes by holding the hand in a variety of
subtly differentiated positions within the bell. In a popular
context the term 'horn' invariably refers to the saxophone, and for the cor anglais see
'oboe' under the woodwind section above. Traditionally, the French horn section is
seated away from the rest of the brass family.
 Trombone
descended from the medieval sackbutt, it is the
only popular orchestral wind instrument which
operates without the use of a valve or key
system. The trombone is easily recognisable by
its extended elliptical shape culminating in a conical bore, and its distinctive use of a
hand-operated slide held out in front, in order to change pitch. The slide can be moved
to any one of seven main positions, each of which facilitate a different series of notes.
The tenor and bass trombone are occasionally seen (especially the latter), although the
alto and double-bass are extreme rarities.

Tuba
not unlike the French horn in basic construction, only
more oval in shape and much bigger. The piston valve
action is similar to the trumpet, only the valves themselves
are situated in the middle of the instrument. A variety of
types and sizes exist aside from the typical concert
instrument in F (bass tuba), including the tenor tuba
(higher), and double-bass tuba (lower), often referred to as
a bombardon in a military or brass band context.

Percussion instruments

A percussion instrument is probably best defined as one where a resonating surface is

struck by the player, either by hand or by some form of stick. These divide roughly
into tuned instruments which have a definite pitch or series of pitches, and those of
indefinite pitch. Popular examples of both types are:

Tuned
timpani or kettle drum, xylophone, glockenspiel, tubular
bells, vibraphone, marimba. Occasionally, the piano and
celesta (see left) are included in scores as part of the
percussion section.
 Indefinite pitch
triangle, gong, castanets, whip, rattle, anvil, tambourine,
cymbals (struck and clashing), and a variety of drums (side,
tenor, bass, tabor, bongo etc.).

Keyboard instruments

Conveniently collected together as any instrument which is operated by means of a

standard keyboard, the differences in operation are wide-ranging and carry obvious
associations with certain of the above categories. These break down into four main
types:

Plucked
mostly instruments emanating from the 17th/18th centuries where a series of stretched
and tuned strings are plucked by a quill or plectrum (e.g. harpsichord, virginal, spinet).

Struck
where the strings are actually hit, either by a tangent (e.g.
17th/18th century clavichord), or hammers (e.g. piano, celesta).

Aerated
where the notes are activated by a column of
mechanically propelled air within a series of tuned pipes (e.g.
organ).

Electronic
where a number of effects approximating to those derived from any
of the above instruments, as well as totally original sounds, can be achieved (e.g.
electronic organ, synthesizer).

Guitar family
The 'classical' guitar is typically a Spanish-derived, six-stringed
instrument played using a plectrum or the finger-nails, with frets set
into the fingerboard. Popular music tends to use amplification for
both six-stringed instruments and the four-string bass guitar. The
guitar family gradually supplanted the lute which had come to
prominence during the Renaissance.
1) Leed Guitar / Rhythm Guitar

Description :
- Brand Fender
- Price rm1200
2) Bass Guitar

Description :
- Brand Fender
- Price rm900
3) Drum Set

Description :
- Brand Pearl
- Price rm2500
4) Keyboard

Description :
- Yamaha PSR-E223 61-keys keyboard (PSR-E223)= Price: $267.50
- Yamaha PSRE313 61-keys keyboard (PSRE313)= Price: $298.53
5) Piano

Description :
 - Hallet Davis & Co Upright Piano = Price: US $2,879.89
- Piano - Reuben & Sons 88 keys Upright Piano (UP120M)= Price: $3,946.16

6) Viola
7) Violin

The differences
between Violin and Viola

Description :
- Both instrument can be different by the size and the tuning
- Price rm1700 (Fender Electric Violin)
- Synwin Student Model Viola Outfit (SVA1005)= Price: $192.60
- Synwin Handmade Model Viola Outfit (SVA4001)= Price: $806.78
8) Cello

Description :
- Both instrument can be different by the size and the tuning
- Synwin Student Model Cello Outfit (SVC1001)= Price: $513.60
- Synwin Handmade Model Cello Oufit (SVC2001)= Price: $1,048.60
9) Double Bass

- Double Bass - Synwin Student Model (SVDB1001) = Price: $1,337.50

- Synwin solid wood double bass (SVDB1008) = Price: $2,140.00
10) Flute

- Simba Flute, FL 200 = Price: US $79.00

- Armstrong 102 Flute = Price: US $100.00

11) Oboe
 - Vento 800 Series Model 8906 Oboe = Price: US $995.00

- Semi-automatic oboe, C tone, silver-plated ,new= Price: US $445.00

12) Clarinet

- 2011 Model WHITE Bb

CLARINET w/ Case + YAMAHA Care Kit =

Price: US $113.95

13) Bassoon
 - New contrabassoon = Price: US $2,025.00

14) Trumpet

- NEW 2011 Bb B FLAT GOLD / BRASS

STUDENT TRUMPET w/ CASE = US $122.50

15) French Horn

 - CONN 8D Double French Horn with Case = Price: US $1,800.00

- Yamaha YHR-567 Double French Horn = Price: US $900.00

- P. Eastman French Horn Double FH 400N NEW/Demo Model = Price: US $785.00

16) Trombone

- VTG CLEVELAND TROMBONE H.N. WHITE KING CRAFTSMEN W/CASE

Price: US $101.99

17) Tuba
 - YAMAHA YBB201 4/4 BBb TUBA ybb-201= Price: $1,000.00

18) Gitar Kapuk

 Description :
- Brand Kapuk
- Price rm120

19) Percussions

- Adams Soloist 4 oct. Xylophone (Light Rosewood) (XS2LV40)= Price: $1,600.00

20) Accordion

- Corelli Accordion Made in Italy = Price: US $599.99

- SILVIO SOPRANI ACCORDION CLASSIC STYLE = Price: US $299.00