Chapter 4

1. V = IR = (5.6 mA)(220 ) = 1.23 V

V 24 V
2. I=  = 3.53 A
R 6.8 

V 24 V
3. R= = = 16 k
I 1.5 mA

V 12 V
4. I=  = 300 A
R 40 103 

5. V = IR = (3.6 A)(0.02 M) = 0.072 V = 72 mV

V 120 V
6. I=  = 2.4 mA
R 50 k

V 120 V
7. R= = = 54.55 
I 2.2 A

V 120 V
8. I=  = 15 mA
R 8 k

V 120 V
9. R= = = 28.57 
I 4.2 A

V 4.5 V
10. R= = = 36 
I 125 m A

V 24 mV
11. R= = = 1.2 k
I 20  A

12. V = IR = (12 A)(0.5 ) = 6 V

13. a. R=
V 120 V
= = 12.63   60 min   60 s 
b. t = 2 h   = 7200 s
I 9.5 A  1 h   1 min 

W = Pt = VIt
= (120 V)(9.5 A)(7200 s)
= 8.21  106 J

14. V = IR = (2.4 A)(3.3 M) = 7.92 V

15. 

Chapter 4 25
16. b. (0.13 mA)(500 h) = 65 mAh

17. 

18. 

19. 

W 540 J 540 J
20. P=   = 2.25 W
t 60 s 240 s
4 min
1 min

W 640 J
21. t=  = 16 s
P 40 J/s

 60 min   60 s 
22. a. 8 h   = 28,800 s
 1 h   1 min 
W = Pt = (2 W)(28,000 s) = 57.6 kJ

(2 W)(8 h)
b. kWh = = 16  103 kWh
1000

23. P = VI = (3 V)(1.4 A) = 4.20 W

W 12 J
t=  = 2.86 s
P 4.2 W

24. P = EI = (6 V)(750 mA) = 4.5 W

25. P = I2R = (7.2 mA)2 4 k = 207.36 mW

P 240 mW
26. P = I2R  I =  = 10.44 mA
R 2.2 k

P 2W
27. I=  = 129.10 mA
R 120 
V = IR = (129.10 mA)(120 ) = 15.49 V

E 22 V
28. I=  = 1.31 mA
R 16.8 k
P = I2R = (1.31 mA)2 16.8 k = 28.83 mW
  60 min   60 s  
W = Pt = (28.83 mW) 1 h     = 103.79 J
  1 h  1 min  

P 324 W
29. E=  = 120 V
I 2.7 A

26 Chapter 4
 P 1W
30. I=  = 461.27 A
R 4.7 M
no

31. V= PR  (42 mW)(2.2 k)  92.40 = 9.61 V

P 100 W
32. 
P = VI, I = = 0.833 A
V 120 V
V 120 V
R=  = 144.06 
I 0.833 A

P 450 W
33. V=  = 120 V
I 3.75 A
V 120 V
R=  = 32 
I 3.75 A

P 0.4  103 W
34. a. P = EI and I =  = 0.13 mA
E 3V

b. Ah rating = (0.13 mA)(500 h) = 66.5 mAh

P 100 W
35. I=   5  103 = 70.71 mA
R 20 k
V = PR  (100 W)(20 k) = 1.42 kV

36. P = EI = (220 V)(30 A) = 6.6 kW

6.6 kW
PHP = = 8.85 HP
746 W/HP

 V 2   12 V  2
37. a. W = Pt =  t    60 s = 86.4 J
 R   10  

b. Energy doubles, power the same

 1 
4 weeks 
12 h  3
39.   [5 months] = 260 h
week  1 month 
 
(230 W)(260 h)
kWh = = 59.80 kWh
1000

 60 min   60 s 
W = Pt = (60 W)(10 h)  = 2.16 × 106 Ws
 1 h   1 min 
40. a.

Chapter 4 27
 b. 1 Ws = 1 J  2.16 × 106 J

c. W = Pt = (60 W)(10 h) = 600 Wh

600 Wh
d. = 0.6 kWh
1000 W/1 kWh

e. Cost = (0.6 kWh)(11 ¢/kWh) = 6.6 ¢

Pt (1000)(kWh) (1000)(1200 kWh)

41. a. kWh = P  = 120 kW
1000 P 10 h

P 120  103 W
b. I=  = 576.92 A
E 208 V

c. Plost = Pi  Po = Pi  Pi = Pi(1  ) = 120 kW(1  0.82) = 21.6 kW

Pt (21.6 kW)(10 h)
kWhlost =  = 216 kWh
1000 1000

$1.00
42. #kWh = = 9.09
11¢
Pt (kWh)(1000) (9.09)(1000)
kWh = t  = 36.36 h
1000 P 250 W

(kWh)(1000) (11.11)(1000)
t=  = 2.32 h
P 4800

$74
43. a. = $2.39/day
31 days

$2.39 / day
b. = 16¢/h
15 h/day

16¢
c. = 1.45 kWh
11¢/kWh

1.45 kWh
d. = 24.16  24 bulbs
60 W

e. no

$1.00
44. = 9.09 kWh
11¢/kWh
9.09 kWh
= 48.61 h
187 W

28 Chapter 4
45. t = 5 h/day(365 days) = 1825 h
P  t (339 W)(1825 h)
kWh =  = 618.68 kWh
1000 1000
Cost = (618.68 kWh)(11¢/kWh) = $68.05
P  t (213 W)(1825 h)
kWh =  = 388.73 kWh
1000 1000
Cost = (388.73 kWh)(11¢/kWh) = $42.76
Cost Savings = $68.05  $42.76 = $25.29

P  t (78 W)(4 h/day)(31 days)

46. kWh =  = 9.67 kWh
1000 1000
Cost = (11¢/kWh)(9.67 kWh) = $1.06

47. a. P = EI = (120 V)(100 A) = 12 kW

 746 W 
b. PT = 5 hp   + 3000 W + 2400 W + 1000 W
 hp 

= 10,130 < 12,000 W (Yes)

c. W = Pt = (10.13 kW)(2 h) = 20.26 kWh

1 1h
(1600 W)(6 h)  (1200 W)(1/4 h)  (4800 W) h  (900 W) 10 min  (200 W)(2 h)  (50 W)(3.5 h)
2 60 min)
48. kWh =
1000
9600 Wh +300 Wh  2400 Wh + 150 Wh  400 Wh + 175 Wh
= = 13.025 kWh
1000
(13.025 kWh)(11¢/kWh) = 1.43¢

1h 1
(200 W)(4 h)  (6)(60 W)(6 h) + (1200 W) 20 min  (175 W)(3.5 h) + (250 W) 2 h  (30 W)(8 h)
60 min 6
49. kWh =
1000
800 Wh  2160 Wh + 400 Wh + 612.5 Wh + 541.67 Wh + 240 Wh
= = 4.754 kWh
1000
(4.754 kWh)(11¢/kWh) = 52.29¢

746 W
(0.5 hp)
Po hp 373
50. =  100%   100%   100% = 90.98%
Pi 410 W 410

Po P (1.8 hp)(746 W/hp)

51. = , Pi = o  = 1960.29 W
Pi  0.685
P 1960.29 W
Pi = EI, I = i  = 16.34 A
E 120 V

Chapter 4 29
 Po (0.8 hp)(746 W/hp) 596.8
52. =  100%   100%   100% = 67.82%
Pi (4 A)(220 V) 880

53. a. Pi = EI = (120 V)(1.8 A) = 216 W

Pi = Po + Plost, Plost = Pi  Po = 216 W  50 W = 166 W

Po 50 W
b. % =  100% =  100% = 23.15%
Pi 216 W

Po Po (3.6 hp)(746 W/hp)

54. Pi = EI = I= = = 16.06 A
 E (0.76)(220 V)

(2 hp)(746 W/hp)
55. a. Pi = P o = = 1657.78 W
 0.9

b. Pi = EI = 1657.78 W
(110 V)I = 1657.78 W
1657.78 W
I= = 15.07 A
110 V

Po(2 hp)(746 W/hp)

c. Pi = = = 2131.43 W
 0.7
Pi = EI = 2131.43 W
(110 V)I = 2131.43 W
2131.43 W
I= = 19.38 A
110 V

Po (15 hp)(746 W/hp)

56. Pi = = = 12,433.33 W
 0.9
12, 433.33 W
I = Pi = = 56.52 A
E 220 V

57. T = 1  2
0.75 = 0.85  2
2 = 0.88

58. T = 1  2 = (0.87)(0.75) = 0.6525  65.25%

59. T = 1  2 = 0.78 = 0.92

0.78
2 = = 0.867  86.7%
0.9

30 Chapter 4
60. a. T = 1  2  3 = (0.93)(0.87)(0.21) = 0.170  17%

b. T = 1  2  3 = (0.93)(0.87)(0.80) = 0.647  64.7%

64.7%  17%
 100% = 280.59%
17%

Po
61. T = = 1  2 = 1  21 = 212
Pi
Po Po 128 W
12   1 =  = 0.4
2 Pi 2 Pi 2(400 W)
2 = 21 = 2(0.4) = 0.8
 2 = 40%, 2 = 80%

Chapter 4 31