Conjunctions“...
they can string
two sentences together...”
What is a Conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases or
clauses.
When a conjunction is used, the sentence becomes a
compound sentence.
There are three types of conjunction -
Co-ordinating
Correlative
Subordinating
Co-ordinating Conjunctions
May join single words or groups of words but...
Must always join similar elements together in a
sentence.
Subject + Subject
Verb phrase + Verb phrase
Sentence + Sentence
Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Represent a closed class system
Because no new words can be introduced, we can
develop a phrase that helps us to remember them
easier called an 'Acronym'
F.A.N.B.O.Y.S
F.A.N.B.O.Y.S
● FOR - is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause
● AND - joins two similar ideas together
● NOR - The conjunction nor is not extinct, but it is not used nearly as often
as the other conjunctions. Its most common use is as the little brother in the
correlative pair, neither-nor
● BUT - joins two contrasting ideas together
● OR - joins two alternative ideas
● YET - is very similar to 'but' as it also joins two contrasting ideas together
● SO - shows that the second idea is the result of the first
•
● AND, BUT and OR are the most commonly used.
Co-ordinating Conjunctions
EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES
Noun phrase + Noun phrase We have tickets for the football
And and the rugby 英式橄榄球
Sentence + Sentence The tickets sold out on
Tuesday but my dad sold a
But tickets for me on Monday.
Verb + Verb Have you seen or heard the
Or musical 'Grease'
Sentence + Sentence I wanted to sit in the front row
so I ordered my tickets early
So
Correlative Conjunctions
• Closed Class of words
•
• both...and Not only....but Either... or Neither ...nor Whether... or
also
• Remember: correlative conjunctions are always
used in pairs and join similar elements together.
•
• When joining singular and plural subjects, the
subject closest to the verb determines whether the
verb is singular or plural. Both girls and boy is
beautiful.
Correlative ConjunctionsExamples
CONJUNCTIONS WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCE
both...and subject+subject Both my sister and my brother
play the guitar.
either...or noun+noun Tonight's meal is either
Chicken or Pork.
neither...nor subject+subject Neither the orchestra nor the
chorus was able to overcome
the terrible acoustics in the
church.
sentence+sentence Not only does Sue raise
not only...but also money for the charity, but she
also runs at all of their races.
Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
• Open class and largest set of words
•
• Usually connect sub-ordinates to a main clause
•
• These are adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the
clause which can come either before or after the main clause of a sentence.
•
• They can be classified according to their use in regard to time, cause and
effect, opposition, or condition
•
• Remember: always put a comma at the end of the adverbial phrase when it
precedes the main clause.
Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
TIME CAUSE + EFFECT OPPOSITION CONDITION
after because although if
before since though unless
when now that even though only if
while as whereas whether or not
since in order that while even if
until so in case (that)
Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
Examples
CONJUNCTION SAMPLE SENTENCE
after We are going out to eat after we finish taking the
test.
since Since we have lived in London, we have gone to
every part of the National Museum.
while While I was waiting in line for the Natural
History Exhibit, I ate my lunch.
although Although the line was long and the wait over
two hours, the exhibit was well worth it
even if Even if you have already bought your ticket, you
will still need to wait in line.
because I love Picasso's works because he uses colour so
brilliantly. He uses brilliant colour.
