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Types and Morphology of Necrosis

This document defines and describes different types of necrosis seen in pathology. It begins by defining necrosis as irreversible cell injury involving denaturation of proteins and enzymatic digestion of the cell. There are several types described, including coagulative, caseous, fibrinoid, fat and liquefactive necrosis. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and is seen in conditions like myocardial infarction. Liquefactive necrosis involves digestion of red blood cells transforming tissue into pus. The document elaborates on the morphological changes seen in necrotic cells including loss of nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, increased eosinophilia and a moth-eaten appearance under microscopy.

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Mohan Prasad Gupta
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149 views19 pages

Types and Morphology of Necrosis

This document defines and describes different types of necrosis seen in pathology. It begins by defining necrosis as irreversible cell injury involving denaturation of proteins and enzymatic digestion of the cell. There are several types described, including coagulative, caseous, fibrinoid, fat and liquefactive necrosis. Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and is seen in conditions like myocardial infarction. Liquefactive necrosis involves digestion of red blood cells transforming tissue into pus. The document elaborates on the morphological changes seen in necrotic cells including loss of nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, increased eosinophilia and a moth-eaten appearance under microscopy.

Uploaded by

Mohan Prasad Gupta
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr.

Ranjita Singh
Department of pathology
 To define necrosis

 To enlist different types of necrosis

 To elaborate morphology of necrosis


Definition:
- Types of irreversible cell injury where denaturation of
intracellular proteins and enzymatic digestion of the
lethally injured cell occurs.

- Necrotic cells are unable to maintain membrane integrity


and their contents often leak out, a process that may
elicit inflammation in the surrounding tissue.
 The enzymes that digest the necrotic cell are
derived from:

1. lysosomes of the dying cells themselves

2. From the lysosomes of leukocytes that are called in as


part of the inflammatory reaction.
Changes in cytoplasm: loss of cytoplasmic RNA
(which binds the blue
dye,
 Increased eosinophilia
in hematoxylin and eosin stains

denatured cytoplasmic
proteins (which bind the
red dye- eosin).

 More glassy homogeneous appearance than do


normal cells( due to loss of glycogen particles.
 When enzymes have digested the
cytoplasmic organelles, the cytoplasm
becomes vacuolated and appears moth-
eaten.


Loss of
nuclei

Moth
eaten

Normal cells Necrotic cell


Cell membrane:
 Myelin figures that are derived from
damaged cell membranes(Phospholipids)

 They are phagocytosed by other cells or


further degraded into fatty acids;

 Calcification of such fatty acid residues


results in the generation of calcium soaps.
Nuclear changes
 Coagulative
 Caseous
 Fibrinoid
 Fat necrosis
 Liquefactive
 Gangrenous necrosis
a. Coagulative necrosis:
- Architecture of tissue preserved
- Seen in heart, kidney and lung
- Condition: Myocardial Infacrtion, Pulmonary
embolism
b. Liquefactive necrosis:

- Digestion of red cells resulting in transformation of


tissue into liquid viscous mass

- Seen in brain, fungal infection, bacterial infection

- Pus formation
c. Gangrenous necrosis:
- Coagulative necrosis involving multiple tissue planes
- Common in lower limbs
- Two types: Dry gangrene and wet Gangrene

Superimposed
infection
d. Caseous necrosis:
- Seen in tuberculosis infection
- Caseous means cheese like due to friable white
appearance of area of necrosis
e. Fat necrosis:
- Refers to focal area of fat destruction
- Seen in acute pancreatitis, breast
- Chalky white deposit seen
f. Fibrinoid Necrosis:
- Results from immune reaction involving blood
vessels
- Complexes of antigens and antibodies are
deposited in the walls of arteries.
- Seen in vasculitis
 Thank you…..

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