WHAT IS OUR PERCEPTION
ABOUT MATHEMATICS?
THE MATHEMATICS
OF PATTERNS
Isometries, Symmetries and Patterns
By: Francis Joseph H. Campeña, PhD
SOME SAY….
SOME SAY….
It is a tool or a
It is a study of collection of
numbers and skills that helps
arithmetic us answer
operations. question of
“HOW MANY”
or “HOW
MUCH”.
SOME SAY…. SOME SAY….
It is a science of It is a science of that deals
logical reasoning, with efficiency and
drawing optimality.
conclusions from
assumed premises
or strategic
reasoning.
SOME SAY….
It is a science of The list of descriptions goes on..
logical reasoning, but the pattern is evident..
drawing
conclusions from What ever point of view we take, there is no
assumed premises
or strategic denying the fact that
reasoning.
MATHEMATICS IS UNIVERSAL
PATTERNS??? VARIOUS PATTERNS
Mathematics maybe regarded as a study of patterns. Logic Patterns
1∗1 =1
11 ∗ 11 = 121
111 ∗ 111 = 12,321
1,111 ∗ 1,111 = 1,234,321
11,111 ∗ 11,111 = 123,454,321
111,111 ∗ 111,111 = ????
WHATS THE NEXT SHAPE?
VARIOUS PATTERNS VARIOUS PATTERNS
Number Patterns
Geometric Patterns
1∗1 =1
11 ∗ 11 = 121
111 ∗ 111 = 12,321
1,111 ∗ 1,111 = 1,234,321
11,111 ∗ 11,111 = 123,454,321
111,111 ∗ 111,111 = ????
1,3,7,15,31,?
PATTERNS PATTERNS
IN NATURE IN NATURE
Snow covers an orchard
in the United States. "No
orchard's the worse for Lakeside Reflection
the wintriest storm; but
one thing about it, it Photograph by Raymond
mustn't get warm," wrote Gehman
Robert Frost in his poem
"Good-bye, and Keep A still lake reflects sky and
Cold.“ trees in Canada.
Photograph by Richard
Olsenius
A Review on
PATTERNS ISOMETRIES OF THE PLANE
IN NATURE
• Translations
Scales from butterfly
wings radiate from a
glass-shelled diatom.
• Reflections
Photograph by Darlyne • Rotations
A. Murawski.
TRANSFORMATION TRANSLATION
A Transformation is a process which shifts points “A translation (or a slide)
of the plane to possibly new locations on the moves a shape in a given
plane. direction by sliding it up,
down, sideways, or
diagonally.”
REFLECTION ROTATION
• “A reflection (or a flip) can be
thought of a getting a mirror “A rotation (or a turn)
image. It has a line of reflection or
mirror line where the distance has a point about
between the image and the which the rotation is
mirror line is the same as that made and an angle
between the original figure and that says how far to “Birds”
the mirror line.” rotate.” -an Escher
Artwork
DILATION RIGID TRANSFORMATIONS
“Transformations which leave
the dimensions of the object
• “A dilation is a and its image unchanged are
transformation which called
changes the size of an rigid transformations,
object” or
isometric transformations,
or
isometries .”
COMBINATION OF ISOMETRIES
FORMAL DEFINITION
It is possible to combine isometries to
“An isometry of the plane is a mapping that produce other isometries.
preserves distance (and therefore shape): Reflect then
! " # , " % = !(#, %)” Translate
“iso” : Greek for “the same” Translate then
Reflect
“metry/metria” : Greek for “measure”
GLIDE REFLECTION!!!
CHASLE’S THEOREM
GLIDE REFLECTION Every (rigid) motion of the
plane is one of these
A reflection transformations:
followed by a
translation or a translation,
vice versa is a rotation,
called a glide a reflection or
reflection
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escher/horseman-1
a glide reflection
MULTIPLICATION TABLE FOR ISOMETRIES
GLIDE
REFLECTION TRANSLATION ROTATION
REFLECTION
GLIDE GLIDE
TRANSLATION or TRANSLATION or
REFLECTION REFLECTION REFLECTION
ROTATION ROTATION
REFLECTION
TRANSLATION GLIDE Maurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972) is one of
TRANSLATION ROTATION or GLIDE
REFLECTION
REFLECTION the world's most famous graphic artists. He is
most famous for his so-called impossible
GLIDE TRANSLATION or GLIDE constructions, such as Ascending and
ROTATION ROTATION
REFLECTION ROTATION REFLECTION
Descending, Relativity, his Transformation
GLIDE REFLECTION Prints, such as Metamorphosis
TRANSLATION or GLIDE TRANSLATION or
REFLECTION
ROTATION
or GLIDE
REFLECTION ROTATION I, Metamorphosis II and Metamorphosis
REFLECTION III, Sky & Water I or Reptiles.
WORKS OF ESCHER
SYMMETRIC PATTERNS
A figure has symmetry if there is a non-trivial
transformation that maps the figure onto itself. SYMMETRIES
OF A SQUARE
TYPES OF SYMMETRIC PATTERNS
A design is a figure with at
least one non-trivial qROSETTE PATTERN
symmetry. A pattern is a
design that has a translation qFRIEZE PATTERN
symmetry. A plane pattern qWALLPAPER PATTERN
has symmetry if there is an
isometry of the plane that
preserves it.
ROSETTE PATTERN TYPES OF ROSETTE PATTERN
This pattern consist of taking a motif or an
element and rotating and/or reflecting that Cyclic –has n fold rotational symmetry and no
element. “reflectional symmetry”.
Dihedral – has n fold rotational symmetry and
“reflectional symmetry”.
Some designs
have reflection
and rotational
symmetry
Other logo designs have reflection
symmetry only.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
Identify what type of Rosette Pattern each figure has. Identify what type of Rosette Pattern each figure has.
A B C D E F
YOUR OWN ROSETTE PATTERN
SNOWFLAKES
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FRIEZE PATTERNS
This pattern is an infinitely long strip imprinted with a design given by
a repeating pattern motif.
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7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS 7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS
PATTERN 1: Frieze pattern that has only the translation symmetry.
PATTERN 2: Frieze pattern that has only the translation and vertical
symmetry.
HOP
SIDLE
7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS 7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS
PATTERN 4: Frieze pattern that has only the translation symmetry and
PATTERN 3: Frieze pattern that has only the translation symmetry and rotation.
glide reflection.
SPINNING
STEP HOP
7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS 7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS
PATTERN 5: Frieze pattern that has only the translation , horizontal PATTERN 6: Frieze pattern that has only the translation , vertical
symmetry and glide reflection. symmetry, rotation and glide reflection.
SPINNING
JUMP
SIDLE
7 POSSIBLE FRIEZE PATTERNS EXAMPLES OF FRIEZE PATTERN
PATTERN 7: Frieze pattern that has only the translation , vertical ,
horizontal symmetry, rotation and glide reflection.
SPINNING
JUMP
EXAMPLES OF FRIEZE PATTERN EXAMPLES OF FRIEZE PATTERN
EXERCISE WALLPAPER PATTERN
Whereas a frieze pattern can be mapped onto itself by a
Identify the Frieze Pattern in the following designs.
horizontal translation, a wallpaper pattern covers the plane
and can be mapped onto itself by translation in more than
one direction
Pattern 3: TG
EXAMPLE EXAMPLES
1. Using the motif
2. Reflect the motif vertically to obtain
3. Using the resulting figure rotate 120° and 240° to produce
4. Translate the resulting figure to obtain
5. Glide the resulting pattern downward to produce.
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
WHAT WE’VE DISCUSSED… HOWEVER…
MATHEMATICS There is so much more
about mathematics.
as a Language for Efficiency
We’ve barely scratch
in Finance in Decision Science
the surface…
in Natural Science and the Arts in Communication and Technology
Appreciate the practical,
intellectual, social and
aesthetic dimension of
Mathematics!
