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Microcontroller Programming Basics

This document contains lecture notes on programmable circuits and microcontrollers. It outlines the course, covering topics like PIC and 8051 microcontroller architecture, programming in C and assembly languages, and Arduino development. It also introduces basic digital concepts like numbering systems, logic gates, binary, hexadecimal and ASCII codes. Conversion between decimal, binary and hexadecimal representations are demonstrated through examples. Counting and arithmetic operations in different bases are also discussed.

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128 views23 pages

Microcontroller Programming Basics

This document contains lecture notes on programmable circuits and microcontrollers. It outlines the course, covering topics like PIC and 8051 microcontroller architecture, programming in C and assembly languages, and Arduino development. It also introduces basic digital concepts like numbering systems, logic gates, binary, hexadecimal and ASCII codes. Conversion between decimal, binary and hexadecimal representations are demonstrated through examples. Counting and arithmetic operations in different bases are also discussed.

Uploaded by

daddadadda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

PROGRAMMABLE
CIRCUITS AND
MICROCONTROLLERS
These are lecture notes to accompany the books:
Mohammad Ali Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded
•

systems.2006
Milan Verle, PIC Microcontrollers - Programming in C, 2009
•
Course Outline
2

 Introduction to Digital systems.


 PIC Microcontrollers architecture.
 Programming Microcontrollers C-Language
 The 8051 Microcontrollers
 8051 Assembly Language programming
 Overview on Arduino development
environment and programming language.
What is a Microcontroller?
3
Microcontroller Applications
4
Microcontroller Applications
5
Introduction to Digital
6

 To understand the software and hardware of a


microcontroller based systems, one first must
have knowledge is some basic concepts under
computer design.

 Fundamentals of numbering and coding systems.


 Introduction to logic gates.
Numbering and coding systems
7

 The numbering system we use (human)


everyday is decimal. Computers use BINARY
system.
 Decimal Base 10. (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
 Binary  Base two. (0, 1)
Converting form Binary to Decimal
8

 To convert form binary to decimal, it is important


to understand the weight concept of each digit.
 Weight of number (740683)10
 3 x 100 =3
 8 x 101 =80
 6 x 102 =600
 0 x 103 =0
 4 x 104 =40000
 7 x 105 =700000
Converting form Binary to Decimal
9

 Ex 1:
 Convert (11001)2 to Decimal:
 Weight: 16 8 4 2 1
 Digits: 1 1 0 0 1
 Sum: 16+ 8+ 0+ 0+ 1=2510
Converting form Binary to Decimal
10

 Ex2:
 Convert (110110.01)2 to Decimal
 1 x 2-2 =0.25
 0 x 2-1 =0
 0 x 20 =0
 1 x 21 =2
 1 x 22 =4
 0 x 23 =0
 1 x 24 =16
 1 x 25 =32
Sum= (54.25)10
Converting form Decimal to Binary
11

 Ex 3:
 Convert (25)10 to Binary.

 Quotient Reminder
 25/2 = 12 1 (LSB)
 12/2= 6 0
 6/2= 3 0
 3/2= 1 1
 ½= 0 1 (MSB)
Therefore (25)10 is (11001)2
Hexadecimal System
12

 Base 16, the hexadecimal system is used in a


convenient representation of binary numbers.
 It is much easier for us to represent a binary
number 111100110101 as its hexadecimal
number F25H.
 The Hexadecimal (Base 16) : 0-9, A, B, C, D,
E and F.
Decimal – Binary - Hexadecimal13
13
Converting between Binary and Hex
14

 Ex4: Represent (100111110101)2


 Solution:

 1- Group each 4 bits: 1001 1111 0101

 2- Replace each 4 bits with its hex equivalent:

1001 9, 1111F, 01015


Therefore (100111110101)2 =9F5H
Convert Hex to Binary
15

 Ex5: Convert 3A9H to Binary


 3 0011, A 1010, 91001
 So (3A)16 = (001110101001)2
Converting from decimal to hex
16

 Two ways:
 1- Convert to binary then to hex
 Convert directly to hex, by repeated division by
16 and keep tracking the reminder.
Converting from decimal to hex
17

 Ex 6: Convert 4510 To Hex


 First convert to binary (sum of weight method):
 32 16 8 4 2 1
 1 0 1 1 0 1
 32+8+4+1= 4510 = 1011012
 4510 = (0010 1101)2 = 2D16
Convert from hex to decimal
18

 Convert by summing all weights or convert to


binary then decimal.
Counting in bases 10,2 and 16
19
Counting in bases 10,2 and 16
20
Addition of binary
21

 Add the following numbers:


 Binary Decimal
 1101 13
 1001 + 9 +
 10110 22
Addition of hex numbers
22

 Ex:7 Perform Hex addition : 23D9+94BE


 23D9 LSD: 9+14=231017H
 94BE + 1+13+11=251019H
 B897 1+3+4=810 8H
 MSD: 2+9=1110BH
ASCII Code
23

 American Standard Code for Information


Interchange.

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