Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP

Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
t w   Pi * d * FOS /( 2 *  * w )  2
S.No. Block level
Design Discharge Qd 4.20 m3/s Pipe Thickness Name X Y Ground penstock
y pipe centre
Monsoon Diacharge Q 4.20 m3/s 1 VAB 01 465131.0917 3177507.946 2917.21 2925.65 3.3 1
Youngs' modulus of steel E 200,000 N/mm2 Pi   w * g * H T 2 VAB 02 465164.2587 3177462.02 2873.26 2875.91 71.7 2
Yield Stress of steel σy 250 N/mm2 3 VAB 03 465197.8463 3177415.512 2825.17 2826.14 74.86 3
4 * Qd 4 VAB 04 465222.5222 3177381.344 2790.31 2791.42 54.69
Ultimate Tensile Stress 410 N/mm2 Velocity V  4
Material Specification IS 2062 Gr. B  *d2 5 VAB 05 465252.2667 3177340.157 2721.91 2723.68 85.2 5
Allowable Stress 1 137 One third of yield Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 6 VAB 06 465299.8128 3177274.32 2650.73 2655.06 107.99 6
Allowable Stress 2 150 60% of Ultimate Tensile Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 7 VAB 07 465318.6883 3177248.183 2638.77 2643.44 34.39 7
Allowable Stress 137 Taking minimum value of above two Allowable Stress 8 CAB 08 465340.1806 3177218.423 2632.61 2638.33 37.21 8
Factor of Safety 1.83 9 CAB 09 465377.0285 3177188.41 2618.91 2632.95 49.48 9
Factor of Safety adopted FOS 2.00 518.82
Steel Density ρ 7850 kg/m3 1 USD 87.25 NRs. As of 15th May 2013
Per kg rate for penstock pipe 185 NRs/kg 2.12 USD/kg
Maximum Water Level 3009.5 m
Surge Head (Water Hammer) 15%
Density of water ρw 1000 kg/m3
Welding efficiency ηw 90%

Segment #1 Invert level

Static head 89.50 m Elv. 2920.00 m
Length of penstock 228.00 m upto VAB05
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Penstock flow velocity,V m/s 5.35 4.85 4.42 4.04 3.71 3.42 3.16 2.93 2.73 2.54 2.38 2.23 2.09 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.65
Buckling and Handling Thickness 3.77 3.90 4.02 4.15 4.27 4.40 4.52 4.65 4.77 4.90 5.02 5.15 5.27 5.40 5.52 5.65 5.77
Surge Head, Hs m 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43
Total Head, Htot m 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
Wall Thickness mm 6.49 6.71 6.94 7.16 7.39 7.61 7.83 8.06 8.28 8.51 8.73 8.96 9.18 9.40 9.63 9.85 10.08
Actual thickness, mm 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00
Factor of safety 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 45 48 50 52 54 57 74 76 79 82 85 88 91 93 96 119 122

Segment #2
Static head 124.50 m Elv. 2885.00 m
Length of penstock 60.00 m upto VAB06
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68
Total Head, Htot m 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40
Wall Thickness mm 8.24 8.55 8.87 9.18 9.49 9.80 10.12 10.43 10.74 11.05 11.36 11.68 11.99 12.30 12.61 12.92 13.24
Actual thickness, mm 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
Factor of safety 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 15 16 16 17 18 19 23 24 25 26 27 28 33 34 36 37 38

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 1 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

 Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP
Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
S.No. Block level
Segment #3 Name Ground penstock
pipe centre
Static head 155.50 m Elv. 2854.00 m
Length of penstock 50.00 m upto VAB07
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33
Total Head, Htot m 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Wall Thickness mm 9.80 10.19 10.58 10.97 11.36 11.75 12.14 12.53 12.92 13.31 13.70 14.08 14.47 14.86 15.25 15.64 16.03
Actual thickness, mm 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 18.00
Factor of safety 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 12 16 16 17 18 19 23 24 24 25 26 31 32 33 34 35 40

Segment #4
Static head 214.50 m Elv. 2795.00 m
Length of penstock 103.00 m upto VAB09
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18
Total Head, Htot m 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42
Wall Thickness mm 12.76 13.29 13.83 14.37 14.91 15.44 15.98 16.52 17.06 17.59 18.13 18.67 19.21 19.75 20.28 20.82 21.36
Actual thickness, mm 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00
Factor of safety 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.111 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 36 38 45 47 49 51 60 63 65 67 77 80 82 85 96 99 102

Segment #5
Static head 274.50 m Elv. 2735.00 m
Length of penstock 78.00 m upto VAB10
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18
Total Head, Htot m 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10
Wall Thickness mm 15.76 16.45 17.14 17.83 18.52 19.20 19.89 20.58 21.27 21.96 22.65 23.33 24.02 24.71 25.40 26.09 26.77
Actual thickness, mm 16.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
Factor of safety 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 31 37 39 45 47 49 56 58 60 71 73 76 78 90 93 96 98

Segment #6
Static head 309.50 m Elv. 2700.00 m
Length of penstock 50.00 m upto VAB11
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Penstock flow velocity,V m/s 5.35 4.85 4.42 4.04 3.71 3.42 3.16 2.93 2.73 2.54 2.38 2.23 2.09 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.65
Buckling and Handling Thickness 3.77 3.90 4.02 4.15 4.27 4.40 4.52 4.65 4.77 4.90 5.02 5.15 5.27 5.40 5.52 5.65 5.77
Surge Head, Hs m 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43 46.43
Total Head, Htot m 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93 355.93
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49
Wall Thickness mm 17.52 18.29 19.07 19.85 20.62 21.40 22.17 22.95 23.73 24.50 25.28 26.05 26.83 27.61 28.38 29.16 29.93
Actual thickness, mm 18.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00
Factor of safety 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 23 26 28 32 33 35 41 42 44 45 53 54 56 66 68 70 82

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 2 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

 Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP
Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
S.No. Block level
Name Ground penstock
pipe centre
Segment #7
Static head 354.50 m Elv. 2655.00 m
Length of penstock 66.00 m upto VAB11
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18
Total Head, Htot m 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Wall Thickness mm 19.77 20.66 21.55 22.44 23.33 24.22 25.11 26.00 26.88 27.77 28.66 29.55 30.44 31.33 32.22 33.11 33.99
Actual thickness, mm 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00 36.00 36.00
Factor of safety 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 37 38 46 48 50 52 61 63 65 77 80 82 85 88 102 105 108

Segment #8
Static head 377.50 m Elv. 2632.00 m
Length of penstock 84.00 m upto VAB13
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63
Total Head, Htot m 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26
Wall Thickness mm 20.93 21.87 22.82 23.77 24.71 25.66 26.61 27.55 28.50 29.45 30.39 31.34 32.28 33.23 34.18 35.12 36.07
Actual thickness, mm 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 40.00
Factor of safety 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 47 56 58 61 71 74 77 92 95 98 102 105 122 126 129 133 152

Segment #9
Static head 391.50 m Elv. 2618.00 m
Length of penstock 48.00 m upto VAB14
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73
Total Head, Htot m 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42
Wall Thickness mm 21.63 22.61 23.59 24.57 25.56 26.54 27.52 28.50 29.48 30.46 31.44 32.43 33.41 34.39 35.37 36.35 37.33
Actual thickness, mm 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 40.00 40.00
Factor of safety 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.171 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 30 32 33 39 41 42 50 52 54 56 58 68 70 72 74 85 87

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 3 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

 Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP
Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
S.No. Block level
Segment # Branch Total length 789.50 Name Ground penstock
pipe centre
Static head 391.50 m Elv. 2618.00 m
Length of penstock 22.50 m
707 742 778 813 849 884 919 955 990 1,025 1,061 1,096 1,131 1,167 1,202 1,237 1,273
Diameter, d, mm 700 725 750 800 825 850 900 950 1000 1025 1050 1100 1125 1150 1200 1250 1250
Surge Head, Hs m 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73
Total Head, Htot m 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23 450.23
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42
Wall Thickness mm 15.74 16.23 16.72 17.70 18.19 18.69 19.67 20.65 21.63 22.12 22.61 23.59 24.08 24.57 25.56 26.54 26.54
Actual thickness, mm 18.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
Factor of safety 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 14 15 15 16 16 18 19 20 20

Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Total weight of steel 284 314 340 368 391 407 477 506 527 564 596 627 666 706 748 798 850

Cost of penstock, USD '000

602 666 721 780 829 863 1,011 1,073 1,117 1,196 1,264 1,329 1,412 1,497 1,586 1,692 1,802

Section
Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9
Branch
Length of penstock of section,
m 228.00 60.00 50.00 103.00 78.00 50.00 66.00 84.00 48.00 22.50 789.50 767.00 391
Static Head, m 89.50 124.50 155.50 214.50 274.50 309.50 354.50 377.50 391.50 391.50
Surge Head, m 13.43 18.68 23.33 32.18 41.18 46.43 53.18 56.63 58.73 58.73
Total Head, m 102.93 143.18 178.83 246.68 315.68 355.93 407.68 434.13 450.23 450.23
Wall thickness of penstock
pipe, mm 8.00 10.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 22.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 20.00 10% scrap total wt
Weight of Steel 57.00 19.00 19.00 52.00 49.00 35.00 52.00 75.00 43.00 10.00 411.00 41.10 452.10

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 4 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

 Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP
Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
S.No. Block level
Project life period 30.0 yr Name Ground penstock
fLv 2 pipe centre
Discount rate 13.0% Headloss in pipe From Darcy's equation HL 
2 gD
Present Worth Factor 7.496
Dry season energy rate 0.08 NRs.
Wet season energy rate 0.05 NRs. Loss in capacity (kW) C  g * H L * Q *
Design discharge,Qd 4.20 m3/s
0.25
Monsoon Diacharge 4.20 m3/s
f
Roughness value k 0.12 mm Friction Factor f [log10 {k / 3.7D  5.74 / Re 0.9 }]2
Length of penstock pipe 789.50 m

Overall efficiency of the system 86.0% 1 USD 87.25

Dry season outage 5%
Wet season outage 5%
1 NRs. 1.00 NRs.

Diameter 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.75 1.80
k/3.7D 0.0000324 0.0000309 0.0000295 0.0000282 0.0000270 0.0000259 0.0000249 0.0000240 0.0000232 0.0000224 0.0000216 0.0000209 0.0000203 0.0000185 0.0000180

Month Monthly Flow Operating days Operating hrs Design flow

Energy Loss (kWh)
Jan 1.42 31 707 1.26 10448 8156 6443 5145 4149 3377 2771 2292 1909 1600 1350 1146 978 625 543
Feb 1.35 28.25 644 1.19 8050 6285 4966 3966 3199 2604 2137 1768 1473 1235 1042 885 755 483 420
Mar 1.59 31 707 1.43 15160 11829 9340 7455 6010 4889 4010 3315 2760 2314 1951 1655 1412 902 784
Apr 2.59 30 684 2.43 70213 54696 43119 34363 27658 22465 18401 15189 12628 10569 8901 7540 6422 4086 3546
May 3.29 31 707 3.13 153677 119642 94260 75072 60386 49017 40124 33100 27502 23005 19363 16393 13954 8864 7687
Jun 5 30 684 4.20 355830 276854 217985 173503 139474 113144 92558 76307 63364 52968 44555 37697 32069 20333 17624
July 5.99 31 707 4.20 367691 286083 225251 179287 144123 116916 95644 78851 65476 54734 46040 38953 33138 21011 18212
Aug 8.46 31 707 4.20 367691 286083 225251 179287 144123 116916 95644 78851 65476 54734 46040 38953 33138 21011 18212
Sept 8.34 30 684 4.20 355830 276854 217985 173503 139474 113144 92558 76307 63364 52968 44555 37697 32069 20333 17624
Oct 5.21 31 707 4.20 367691 286083 225251 179287 144123 116916 95644 78851 65476 54734 46040 38953 33138 21011 18212
Nov 1.97 30 684 1.81 29386 22912 18077 14418 11615 9441 7740 6394 5320 4456 3756 3184 2714 1730 1503
Dec 1.54 31 707 1.38 13652 10654 8413 6716 5415 4405 3614 2988 2488 2086 1759 1493 1273 813 707
Total energy loss (1) 2,115,318 1,646,130 1,296,340 1,032,001 829,748 673,234 550,845 454,213 377,235 315,403 265,354 224,549 191,057 121,203 105,072
Cost of Pipe in' 000 (2) 602 666 721 780 829 863 1,011 1,073 1,117 1,196 1,264 1,329 1,412 1,692 1,802
Total energy loss cost' 000 (3) 100 77 61 49 39 32 26 21 18 15 12 11 9 6 5
Present worth energy cost' 000 (4) 746 581 457 364 293 238 194 160 133 111 94 79 67 43 37
Sum of (2) and (4) 1,349 1,247 1,178 1,144 1,122 1,101 1,206 1,233 1,251 1,307 1,357 1,409 1,480 1,735 1,839
Conclusion Recommended

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 5 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

 Updated Feasibility Study and EIA of Kabeli-A HEP
Kabeli Energy Limited Final Updated Feasibility Study Report

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
S.No. Block level
Name Ground penstock
pipe centre
Following graph shows the effect of varying the penstock size on energy output and consequent scheme cost.
The chart shows the optimum penstock diameter as 1200 mm.
Available
Month Monthly Flow Flow Operating dayOperating hrs Design flow
January 1.6373948622 1.47952357554 31 706.8 1.479523576
February 1.5787128663 1.42084157965 28 638.4 1.42084158
March 1.7258946224 1.56802333581 31 706.8 1.568023336
April 3.3330228557 3.17515156904 30 684 3.175151569
Penstock Diameter Optimisation
May 6.4631133825 6.30524209592 31 706.8 4.4
June 7.6158265756 7.45795528899 30 684 4.4
July 22.712726595 22.5548553082 31 706.8 4.4
Cost (in USD)

August 21.378435535 21.2205642485 31 706.8 4.4

September 15.236427583 15.078556296 30 684 4.4
October 3.8868239473 3.72895266069 31 706.8 3.728952661
November 2.5100512056 2.35217991893 30 684 2.352179919
December 1.9650629288 1.80719164216 31 706.8 1.807191642

-
1.00

1.10

1.25

1.40

1.50

1.55

1.75
1.05

1.15

1.20

1.30

1.35

1.45

1.60

Row 208 1.80

Row 210 Diameter(m)
Row 211

Hydro Consult Pvt. Ltd. Page 6 of 5 Printed on: 08/13/2020

CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
t w   Pi * d * FOS /( 2 *  * w )  2
S.No. Block level
Design Discharge Qd 4.20 m3/s Pipe Thickness Name X Y Ground penstock
y pipe centre
Monsoon Diacharge Q 4.20 m3/s 1 VAB 01 465131.0917 3177507.946 2917.21 2925.65 3.3 1
Youngs' modulus of steel E 200,000 N/mm2 Pi   w * g * H T 2 VAB 02 465164.2587 3177462.02 2873.26 2875.91 71.7 2
Yield Stress of steel σy 250 N/mm2 3 VAB 03 465197.8463 3177415.512 2825.17 2826.14 74.86 3
Ultimate Tensile Stress 410 N/mm2 Velocity V 
4 * Qd 4 VAB 04 465222.5222 3177381.344 2790.31 2791.42 54.69 4
Material Specification IS 2062 Gr. B  *d 2 5 VAB 05 465252.2667 3177340.157 2721.91 2723.68 85.2 5
Allowable Stress 1 137 One third of yield Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 6 VAB 06 465299.8128 3177274.32 2650.73 2655.06 107.99 6
Allowable Stress 2 150 60% of Ultimate Tensile Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 7 VAB 07 465318.6883 3177248.183 2638.77 2643.44 34.39 7
Allowable Stress 137 Taking minimum value of above two Allowable Stress 8 CAB 08 465340.1806 3177218.423 2632.61 2638.33 37.21 8
Factor of Safety 1.83 9 CAB 09 465377.0285 3177188.41 2618.91 2632.95 49.48 9
Factor of Safety adopted FOS 2.00 518.82
Steel Density ρ 7850 kg/m3 1 USD 87.25 NRs. As of 15th May 2013
Per kg rate for penstock pipe 185 NRs/kg 2.12 USD/kg
Maximum Water Level 3009.5 m
Surge Head (Water Hammer) 15%
Density of water ρw 1000 kg/m3
Welding efficiency ηw 90%

Segment #1 Invert level

Static head 89.50 m Elv. 2920.00 m
Length of penstock 228.00 m upto VAB05
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Penstock flow velocity,V m/s 5.35 4.85 4.42 4.04 3.71 3.42 3.16 2.93 2.73 2.54 2.38 2.23 2.09 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.65
Buckling and Handling Thickness 3.77 3.90 4.02 4.15 4.27 4.40 4.52 4.65 4.77 4.90 5.02 5.15 5.27 5.40 5.52 5.65 5.77
Surge Head, Hs m 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.43
Total Head, Htot m 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93 102.93
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
Wall Thickness mm 6.49 6.71 6.94 7.16 7.39 7.61 7.83 8.06 8.28 8.51 8.73 8.96 9.18 9.40 9.63 9.85 10.08
Actual thickness, mm 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00
Factor of safety 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 45 48 50 52 54 57 74 76 79 82 85 88 91 93 96 119 122

Segment #2
Static head 124.50 m Elv. 2885.00 m
Length of penstock 60.00 m upto VAB06
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68 18.68
Total Head, Htot m 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18 143.18
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40
Wall Thickness mm 8.24 8.55 8.87 9.18 9.49 9.80 10.12 10.43 10.74 11.05 11.36 11.68 11.99 12.30 12.61 12.92 13.24
Actual thickness, mm 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
Factor of safety 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 15 16 16 17 18 19 23 24 25 26 27 28 33 34 36 37 38

Segment #3
Static head 155.50 m Elv. 2854.00 m
Length of penstock 50.00 m upto VAB07
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33 23.33
Total Head, Htot m 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83 178.83
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Wall Thickness mm 9.80 10.19 10.58 10.97 11.36 11.75 12.14 12.53 12.92 13.31 13.70 14.08 14.47 14.86 15.25 15.64 16.03
Actual thickness, mm 10.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 18.00
Factor of safety 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 12 16 16 17 18 19 23 24 24 25 26 31 32 33 34 35 40

Segment #4
Static head 214.50 m Elv. 2795.00 m
Length of penstock 103.00 m upto VAB09
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18 32.18
Total Head, Htot m 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68 246.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42 2.42
Wall Thickness mm 12.76 13.29 13.83 14.37 14.91 15.44 15.98 16.52 17.06 17.59 18.13 18.67 19.21 19.75 20.28 20.82 21.36
Actual thickness, mm 14.00 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00
Factor of safety 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.111 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 36 38 45 47 49 51 60 63 65 67 77 80 82 85 96 99 102

Segment #5
Static head 274.50 m Elv. 2735.00 m
Length of penstock 78.00 m upto VAB10
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Surge Head, Hs m 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18 41.18
Total Head, Htot m 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68 315.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10
Wall Thickness mm 15.76 16.45 17.14 17.83 18.52 19.20 19.89 20.58 21.27 21.96 22.65 23.33 24.02 24.71 25.40 26.09 26.77
Actual thickness, mm 16.00 18.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
Factor of safety 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 31 37 39 45 47 49 56 58 60 71 73 76 78 90 93 96 98

Segment #6
Static head 283.77 m Elv. 2725.73 m
Length of penstock 12.00 m upto VAB10
Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Penstock flow velocity,V m/s 5.35 4.85 4.42 4.04 3.71 3.42 3.16 2.93 2.73 2.54 2.38 2.23 2.09 1.96 1.85 1.75 1.65
Buckling and Handling Thickness 3.77 3.90 4.02 4.15 4.27 4.40 4.52 4.65 4.77 4.90 5.02 5.15 5.27 5.40 5.52 5.65 5.77
Surge Head, Hs m 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57 42.57
Total Head, Htot m 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34 326.34
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20
Wall Thickness mm 16.23 16.94 17.65 18.36 19.07 19.79 20.50 21.21 21.92 22.63 23.34 24.05 24.77 25.48 26.19 26.90 27.61
Actual thickness, mm 18.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00
Factor of safety 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 5 6 7 8 8 8 10 10 11 11 13 13 13 16 16 17 20

Diameter, d, mm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
Total weight of steel 146 161 174 187 195 203 246 256 265 283 302 315 330 352 372 402 421

Cost of penstock, USD '000

310 341 369 397 413 430 522 543 562 600 640 668 700 746 789 852 893

Average thickness

Section
Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9
Branch
Length of penstock of section,
m 228.00 60.00 50.00 103.00 78.00 12.00 531.00 531.00 195
Static Head, m 89.50 124.50 155.50 214.50 274.50 283.77
Surge Head, m 13.43 18.68 23.33 32.18 41.18 42.57
Total Head, m 102.93 143.18 178.83 246.68 315.68 326.34
Wall thickness of penstock
pipe, mm 8.00 10.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 22.00 10% scrap total wt
Weight of Steel 57.00 19.00 19.00 52.00 49.00 9.00 205.00 20.50 225.50
Project life period 30.0 yr
fLv2
Discount rate 13.0% Headloss in pipe From Darcy's equation HL 
2 gD
Present Worth Factor 7.496
Dry season energy rate 0.08 NRs.
Wet season energy rate 0.05 NRs. Loss in capacity (kW) C  g * H L * Q *
Design discharge,Qd 4.20 m3/s
0.25
Monsoon Diacharge 4.20 m3/s f
Roughness value k 0.12 mm Friction Factor f [log10 {k / 3.7D  5.74 / Re 0.9 }]2
Length of penstock pipe 531.00 m

Overall efficiency of the system 86.0% 1 USD 87.25

Dry season outage 5%
Wet season outage 5%
1 NRs. 1.00 NRs.

Diameter 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.75
k/3.7D 0.0000324 0.0000309 0.0000295 0.0000282 0.0000270 0.0000259 0.0000249 0.0000240 0.0000232 0.0000224 0.0000216 0.0000209 0.0000203 0.0000185

Month Monthly Flow Operating days Operating hrs Design flow

Energy Loss (kWh)
Jan 1.42 31 707 1.26 7027 5485 4333 3460 2791 2271 1864 1541 1284 1076 908 771 658 420
Feb 1.35 28.25 644 1.19 5414 4227 3340 2667 2152 1751 1438 1189 991 831 701 595 508 325
Mar 1.59 31 707 1.43 10196 7956 6282 5014 4042 3288 2697 2230 1857 1556 1312 1113 950 607
Apr 2.59 30 684 2.43 47223 36788 29001 23112 18602 15109 12376 10216 8493 7109 5987 5072 4320 2748
May 3.29 31 707 3.13 103360 80469 63397 50492 40614 32968 26986 22262 18498 15473 13023 11025 9385 5961
Jun 5 30 684 4.20 239323 186206 146612 116694 93807 76098 62253 51323 42617 35625 29967 25354 21569 13676
July 5.99 31 707 4.20 247300 192413 151499 120584 96934 78635 64328 53033 44037 36813 30966 26199 22288 14131
Aug 8.46 31 707 4.20 247300 192413 151499 120584 96934 78635 64328 53033 44037 36813 30966 26199 22288 14131
Sept 8.34 30 684 4.20 239323 186206 146612 116694 93807 76098 62253 51323 42617 35625 29967 25354 21569 13676
Oct 5.21 31 707 4.20 247300 192413 151499 120584 96934 78635 64328 53033 44037 36813 30966 26199 22288 14131
Nov 1.97 30 684 1.81 19765 15410 12158 9697 7812 6350 5205 4300 3578 2997 2526 2141 1825 1164
Dec 1.54 31 707 1.38 9182 7165 5658 4517 3642 2963 2431 2010 1674 1403 1183 1004 856 547
Total energy loss (1) 1,422,715 1,107,150 871,889 694,100 558,070 452,802 370,486 305,493 253,720 212,133 178,471 151,027 128,501 81,518
Cost of Pipe in' 000 (2) 310 341 369 397 413 430 522 543 562 600 640 668 700 852
Total energy loss cost' 000 (3) 67 52 41 33 26 21 17 14 12 10 8 7 6 4
Present worth energy cost' 000 (4) 502 391 308 245 197 160 131 108 90 75 63 53 45 29
Sum of (2) and (4) 812 732 677 641 610 590 652 651 651 675 703 721 745 881
Conclusion Recommended

Following graph shows the effect of varying the penstock size on energy output and consequent scheme cost.
The chart shows the optimum penstock diameter as 1200 mm.
Available
Month Monthly Flow Flow Operating dayOperating hrs Design flow
Penstock Diameter Optimisation
January 1.6373948622 1.47952357554 31 706.8 1.479523576
February 1.5787128663 1.42084157965 28 638.4 1.42084158
March 1.7258946224 1.56802333581 31 706.8 1.568023336
Cost (in USD)

April 3.3330228557 3.17515156904 30 684 3.175151569

May 6.4631133825 6.30524209592 31 706.8 4.4
June 7.6158265756 7.45795528899 30 684 4.4
July 22.712726595 22.5548553082 31 706.8 4.4
August 21.378435535 21.2205642485 31 706.8 4.4
September 15.236427583 15.078556296 30 684 4.4
October 3.8868239473 3.72895266069 31 706.8 3.728952661
November 2.5100512056 2.35217991893 30 684 2.352179919
December 1.9650629288 1.80719164216 31 706.8 1.807191642
-
1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.75

1.80

Row 208
Row 210 Diameter(m)
Row 211
 -

1.00
Row 211
Row 210
Row 208

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.25

1.30
Diameter(m)

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.75

1.80
 1.80
0.0000180

365
282
527
2385
5170
11854
12249
12249
11854
12249
1011
475
70,669
893
3
25
918
CALCULATION FORM

Job: Thapa Khola HEP Date: 24th january 2013 Calc. by:
Subject: Penstock Pipe Diameter and Thickness Job No.: Checked: From Final Alignment jan 26,2013
Anchor
Anchor Block Easting (X) Northing (Y) Existing Length of
t w   Pi * d * FOS /( 2 *  * w )  2
S.No. Block level
Design Discharge Qd 4.20 m3/s Pipe Thickness Name X Y Ground penstock
y pipe centre
Monsoon Diacharge Q 4.20 m3/s 1 VAB 01 465131.0917 3177507.946 2917.21 2925.65 3.3
Youngs' modulus of steel E 200,000 N/mm2 Pi   w * g * H T 2 VAB 02 465164.2587 3177462.02 2873.26 2875.91 71.7
Yield Stress of steel σy 250 N/mm2 3 VAB 03 465197.8463 3177415.512 2825.17 2826.14 74.86
Ultimate Tensile Stress 410 N/mm2 Velocity V 
4 * Qd 4 VAB 04 465222.5222 3177381.344 2790.31 2791.42 54.69
Material Specification IS 2062 Gr. B  *d 2 5 VAB 05 465252.2667 3177340.157 2721.91 2723.68 85.2
Allowable Stress 1 137 One third of yield Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 6 VAB 06 465299.8128 3177274.32 2650.73 2655.06 107.99
Allowable Stress 2 150 60% of Ultimate Tensile Stress (Refer IS Code IS 11693 Part 2 : 1995) 7 VAB 07 465318.6883 3177248.183 2638.77 2643.44 34.39
Allowable Stress 137 Taking minimum value of above two Allowable Stress 8 CAB 08 465340.1806 3177218.423 2632.61 2638.33 37.21
Factor of Safety 1.83 9 CAB 09 465377.0285 3177188.41 2618.91 2632.95 49.48
Factor of Safety adopted FOS 2.00 518.82
Steel Density ρ 7850 kg/m3 1 USD 87.25 NRs. As of 15th May 2013
Per kg rate for penstock pipe 185 NRs/kg 2.12 USD/kg
Maximum Water Level 3009.5 m
Surge Head (Water Hammer) 15%
Density of water ρw 1000 kg/m3
Welding efficiency ηw 90%

Segment #7
Static head 354.50 m Elv. 2655.00 m
Length of penstock 103.00 m upto VAB11
Diameter, d, mm 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
Surge Head, Hs m 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18 53.18
Total Head, Htot m 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68 407.68
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Wall Thickness mm 17.11 18.00 18.89 19.77 20.66 21.55 22.44 23.33 24.22 25.11 26.00 26.88 27.77 28.66 29.55 30.44 31.33
Actual thickness, mm 18.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00
Factor of safety 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 40 47 49 57 60 63 75 78 81 94 98 102 120 125 129 133 137

Segment #8
Static head 377.50 m Elv. 2632.00 m
Length of penstock 84.00 m upto VAB13
Diameter, d, mm 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
Surge Head, Hs m 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63 56.63
Total Head, Htot m 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13 434.13
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26
Wall Thickness mm 18.09 19.04 19.98 20.93 21.87 22.82 23.77 24.71 25.66 26.61 27.55 28.50 29.45 30.39 31.34 32.28 33.23
Actual thickness, mm 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00 36.00
Factor of safety 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 36 38 44 47 56 58 61 71 74 77 92 95 98 102 105 122 126

Segment #9
Static head 390.60 m Elv. 2618.90 m
Length of penstock 48.00 m upto VAB14
Diameter, d, mm 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
Surge Head, Hs m 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59
Total Head, Htot m 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41
Wall Thickness mm 18.65 19.63 20.61 21.58 22.56 23.54 24.52 25.50 26.48 27.46 28.44 29.42 30.40 31.38 32.36 33.34 34.31
Actual thickness, mm 20.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 32.00 36.00 36.00 36.00
Factor of safety 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.115 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 21 24 25 30 32 33 39 41 42 50 52 54 56 58 68 70 72
Segment # Branch Total length 257.50
Static head 390.60 m Elv. 2618.90 m
Length of penstock 22.50 m
601 636 672 707 742 778 813 849 884 919 955 990 1,025 1,061 1,096 1,131 1,167
Diameter, d, mm 600 625 650 700 725 750 800 825 850 900 925 950 1000 1050 1075 1100 1150
Surge Head, Hs m 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59 58.59
Total Head, Htot m 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19 449.19
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41
Wall Thickness mm 13.75 14.24 14.73 15.71 16.20 16.69 17.67 18.16 18.65 19.63 20.12 20.61 21.58 22.56 23.05 23.54 24.52
Actual thickness, mm 14.00 16.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 28.00
Factor of safety 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3
Check OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Weight of steel, ton 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 15 16 18

Diameter, d, mm 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
Total weight of steel 102 115 125 142 156 163 184 200 208 234 254 263 290 300 317 341 353

Cost of penstock, USD '000

216 244 265 301 331 346 390 424 441 496 539 558 615 636 672 723 748

Average thickness

Section
Section Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9
Branch
Length of penstock of section,
m 103.00 84.00 48.00 22.50 257.50 235.00 156
Static Head, m 354.50 377.50 390.60 390.60
Surge Head, m 53.18 56.63 58.59 58.59
Total Head, m 407.68 434.13 449.19 449.19
Wall thickness of penstock
pipe, mm 22.00 25.00 25.00 20.00 10% scrap total wt
Weight of Steel 63.00 59.00 34.00 9.00 165.00 16.50 181.50

Project life period 30.0 yr

fLv 2
Discount rate 13.0% Headloss in pipe From Darcy's equation HL 
2 gD
Present Worth Factor 7.496
Dry season energy rate 0.08 NRs.
Wet season energy rate 0.05 NRs. Loss in capacity (kW) C  g * H L * Q *
Design discharge,Qd 4.20 m3/s
0.25
Monsoon Diacharge 4.20 m /s
f
3

Roughness value k 0.12 mm Friction Factor f [log10 {k / 3.7 D  5.74 / Re 0.9 }]2
Length of penstock pipe 257.50 m

Overall efficiency of the system 86.0% 1 USD 87.25

Dry season outage 5%
Wet season outage 5%
1 NRs. 1.00 NRs.

Diameter 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45
k/3.7D 0.0000382 0.0000360 0.0000341 0.0000324 0.0000309 0.0000295 0.0000282 0.0000270 0.0000259 0.0000249 0.0000240 0.0000232 0.0000224

Month Monthly Flow Operating days Operating hrs Design flow

Energy Loss (kWh)
Jan 1.42 31 707 1.26 7797 5825 4423 3408 2660 2101 1678 1353 1101 904 747 623 522
Feb 1.35 28.25 644 1.19 6004 4486 3407 2626 2050 1620 1294 1043 849 697 577 480 403
Mar 1.59 31 707 1.43 11329 8460 6421 4944 3858 3046 2431 1960 1595 1308 1081 900 755
Apr 2.59 30 684 2.43 52722 39307 29785 22900 17840 14064 11208 9021 7327 6001 4954 4119 3447
May 3.29 31 707 3.13 115606 86139 65232 50123 39022 30743 24485 19695 15987 13087 10796 8970 7503
Jun 5 30 684 4.20 268153 199688 151131 116056 90298 71097 56589 45490 36903 30188 24888 20666 17276
 July 5.99 31 707 4.20 277091 206344 156169 119924 93308 73467 58475 47007 38133 31195 25718 21355 17852
Aug 8.46 31 707 4.20 277091 206344 156169 119924 93308 73467 58475 47007 38133 31195 25718 21355 17852
Sept 8.34 30 684 4.20 268153 199688 151131 116056 90298 71097 56589 45490 36903 30188 24888 20666 17276
Oct 5.21 31 707 4.20 277091 206344 156169 119924 93308 73467 58475 47007 38133 31195 25718 21355 17852
Nov 1.97 30 684 1.81 22011 16424 12456 9585 7473 5896 4703 3788 3079 2524 2085 1735 1453
Dec 1.54 31 707 1.38 10199 7617 5782 4453 3475 2744 2190 1766 1437 1179 975 812 680
Total energy loss (1) 1,593,247 1,186,666 898,273 689,923 536,895 422,809 336,593 270,627 219,579 179,661 148,144 123,037 102,871
Cost of Pipe in' 000 (2) 216 244 265 301 331 346 390 424 441 496 539 558 615
Total energy loss cost' 000 (3) 75 56 42 32 25 20 16 13 10 8 7 6 5
Present worth energy cost' 000 (4) 562 419 317 243 189 149 119 96 77 63 52 43 36
Sum of (2) and (4) 778 663 582 545 520 495 509 520 519 560 591 601 651
Conclusion Recommended

Following graph shows the effect of varying the penstock size on energy output and consequent scheme cost.
The chart shows the optimum penstock diameter as 1200 mm.
Available
Month Monthly Flow Flow Operating dayOperating hrs Design flow
Penstock Diameter Optimisation
January 1.6373948622 1.47952357554 31 706.8 1.479523576
February 1.5787128663 1.42084157965 28 638.4 1.42084158
March 1.7258946224 1.56802333581 31 706.8 1.568023336
Cost (in USD)

April 3.3330228557 3.17515156904 30 684 3.175151569

May 6.4631133825 6.30524209592 31 706.8 4.4
June 7.6158265756 7.45795528899 30 684 4.4
July 22.712726595 22.5548553082 31 706.8 4.4
August 21.378435535 21.2205642485 31 706.8 4.4
September 15.236427583 15.078556296 30 684 4.4
October 3.8868239473 3.72895266069 31 706.8 3.728952661
November 2.5100512056 2.35217991893 30 684 2.352179919
December 1.9650629288 1.80719164216 31 706.8 1.807191642
-
0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.55

Row 208
Row 210 Diameter(m)
Row 211