/ Document No:

MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING ---/MUDHo/

የከተማ ልማትና ቤቶች ሚኒስቴር
Issue No. Page No.
1 Cover page

Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Monitoring Bureau

Structure Plan Preparation and

Implementation Manual

December 2016
Addis Ababa

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 Table of Contents
1. BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2. RATIONALE..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE MANUAL.......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 General Objectives................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3.2. Specific Objectives of the Manual........................................................................................................ 5
1.4. EXPECTED RESULTS....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5. HOW TO USE THE MANUAL.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.6. SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE MANUAL......................................................................................................... 6
1.7. ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL...................................................................................................................... 6
PART TWO...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 RELEVANT POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS............................................................................................ 8
2.1.1 The Urban Development Policy of Ethiopia...........................................................................................8
2.1.2The Urban Planning Proclamation.......................................................................................................... 9
2.1.3The Five Years (2011- 2015) Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)..................................................9
2.1.4 Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy........................................................................10
2.2. CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................................................. 10
2.2.1. Concept.............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.2. Principles of Urban Plan..................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3. Planning Considerations..................................................................................................................... 12
2.3. REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES..................................................................................................... 15
2.4. REVIEW OF LOCAL EXPERIENCES................................................................................................................... 17
PART THREE................................................................................................................................................................. 19
3. STRUCTURE PLAN PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS.................................................19
3.1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 19
PHASE 1. INITIATION AND PROGRAMMING............................................................................................................. 21
1.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 21
1.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 21
Task 1.2.1: Initiation of Planning.................................................................................................................. 21
Task 1.2.2: Programming the project........................................................................................................... 21
Task 1.2.3 Preparation of TOR..................................................................................................................... 21
1.3. MAJOR DELIVERABLES............................................................................................................................... 21
1.4. RESPONSIBLE BODY.................................................................................................................................. 22
1.5. TIME REQUIREMENT – 30 DAYS.................................................................................................................. 22
PHASE 2. BASE MAP UPDATING/ PREPARATION.................................................................................................... 25
2.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 25
2.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 25
Task 2.2.1: Reconnaissance survey/ fact-finding mission...........................................................................25
Task 2.2.2: Identification of appropriate technology for the preparation of base map.................................25
Task 2.2.3: Preparation of base map.......................................................................................................... 25
Task 2.2.4: Cartographic production........................................................................................................... 25
2.3. MAJOR DELIVERABLES / OUTPUTS.............................................................................................................. 25
2.4. RESPONSIBLE BODY.................................................................................................................................. 26
2.5. TIME REQUIREMENT – 60 DAYS.................................................................................................................. 26
PHASE 3. DATA COLLECTION AND COMPILATION.................................................................................................. 27
3.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 27
DELINEATION OF INFLUENCE AREA OF A CITY/TOWN............................................................................................... 29
3.5. TIME REQUIREMENT – 75 DAYS.................................................................................................................. 52
PHASE 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION................................................................................................. 53
4.1. PURPOSE..................................................................................................................................................... 53
4.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES...................................................................................................................... 53
Task 4.2.1: Determine tools for data analysis.............................................................................................. 53

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 Task 4.2.2: Identify issues to be analyzed under each thematic area..........................................................53
Task 4.2.3: Data Interpretation.................................................................................................................... 54
Task 4.2.4: Conduct SWOT Analysis........................................................................................................... 54
Task 4.2.4: Identification of Problems/planning issues................................................................................55
4.3. MAJOR DELIVERABLES.................................................................................................................................. 55
PHASE 5: SETTING VISION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVE.............................................................................................56
5.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 56
5.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 56
PHASE 6: PREPARATION OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.....................................................................................58
6.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 58
6.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 58
6.3. DELIVERABLES.......................................................................................................................................... 58
6.4. RESPONSIBLE BODY................................................................................................................................... 58
6.5. TIME REQUIREMENT— 30 DAYS................................................................................................................. 59
PHASE 7: PREPARATION OF PROPOSALS............................................................................................................... 60
7.1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................................. 60
7.2. MAJOR TASKS AND ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 60
PHASE 8: PREPARATION OF IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY..................................................................................69
PHASE 9: PLAN APPROVAL AND PUBLICITY............................................................................................................ 72
PHASE 10: IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION...........................................................................75
PART FOUR................................................................................................................................................................... 79
4. CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................... 79
4.1 Institutional Arrangement........................................................................................................................ 79
4.2 Manpower Requirement......................................................................................................................... 79
4.3 Logistics, Information Technology and Finance Requirement................................................................81
PART FIVE..................................................................................................................................................................... 82
5. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.................................................................................................................. 82
A. EFFECTIVE DATE....................................................................................................................................... 82
B. REVIEW OF THE MANUAL........................................................................................................................... 82
C. APPROVAL................................................................................................................................................ 82
ANNEXES...................................................................................................................................................................... 83
ANNEX 1: ISSUES OF THE VARIOUS THEMATIC STUDIES TO BE ANALYZED.......................................................83
ANNEX 2: LEGEND & CODE FOR GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURE PLAN......................................98
ANNEX 3: MAJOR CONTENTS OF LAND USE CATEGORIES AND PROHIBITED USES.......................................104
ANNEX 4: PATTERN OF ROADS............................................................................................................................... 106
ANNEX 5: FRAMING ELEMENTS OF STRUCCTURE PLAN......................................................................................110
ANNEX 6: EXAMPLE OF INTERVENTION PLAN FOR STRUCTURE PLAN..............................................................111
ANNEX 7: DATA COLLECTION CHECKLISTS AND FORMATS FOR EACH THEMATIC STUDY...........................113
ANNEX 8: CRITERIA / FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE SELECTION OF SITE FOR VARIOUS LAND
USE CATEGORIES...................................................................................................................................... 231
ANNEX 9 : DIFFERENT MAPS.................................................................................................................................... 241
ANNEX 10: WORKING DEFINITION ON SOME SETTLEMENT CONCEPTS (USED FOR THIS MANUAL).............242

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List of Figures

Figure 1: A Framework of Hierarchy of plans in Ethiopian Urban Planning System...................4

Figure 2 Tip Institutional set up...................................................................................................22
Figure 3 Organogram Illustrating work Flow among Stakeholders.............................................24
Figure 4 TIP Verification of Base map.........................................................................................26
Figure 5 Tip Considerations during data collection.....................................................................27
Figure 6 Tip Delineation of influence area of an urban centre....................................................29
Figure 7 Tip Example of Influence Region Delineation for City X ..............................................29
Figure 8 Tip: The Nine major urban land use categories...........................................................47
Figure 9: Tip other road categories that may be considered in preparation of Structure Plan..50
Figure 10: TIP procedure for data interpretation.........................................................................54
Figure 11 TIP. Problem Prioritization by Scoring Method...........................................................55
Figure 12: TIP Formulation of Vision Statement, Goal and Objective........................................57
Figure 13 TIP. Some planning considerations in developing conceptual framework...............59
Figure 14: TIP. Road Classsification.........................................................................................63
Figure 15: Tip. Considerations to be made during Stakeholders Participation..........................65
Figure 16: TIP. Steps for determination of future land use budget............................................66
Figure 17: TIP. Land use proportion for various functions as per the Urban Planning and
Implementation Strategy..............................................................................................................67
Figure 18. TIP Ratio of land for Building and Construction Category (40%).............................68
Figure 19: TIP. NDP Selection Reasons....................................................................................69
Figure 20: TIP. Consolidated table of project implementation strategy for city X during plan
Preparation period.......................................................................................................................71
Figure 21: TIP Submission of plan documents.........................................................................72
Figure 22: TIP Publicity of approved plans.................................................................................73
Figure 23: TIP average Cascaded Time Frame for Structure Plan Preparation.........................74
Figure 24: Tip. Some considerations before commencement of implementation......................77
Figure 25: TIP. The following is main points that should be considered in monitoring and
evaluation.....................................................................................................................................78

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ACRONYMS

AACA = Addis Ababa City Administration

ADLI = Agricultural Development Led Industrialization
ANRS = Amhara National Regional State
APO = Adama Project Office
CBOs = Community Based Organizations
CSA = Central Statistics Agency
EEPCO = Ethiopian Eclectic and Power Corporation
FUPI = Federal Urban Planning Institute
GIS = Geographical Information System
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
HH = Household
IDP = Integrated Development Planning
KG = Kindergarten
LDP = Local Development Plan
LED = Local Economic Development
M&E = Monitoring and Evaluation
MDG = Millennium Development Goals
MoFA = Ministry of Federal Affairs
MSEs = Micro and Small Scale Enterprises
NA = Not Available
NDP = Neighborhood Development Plan
NGOs = Non-Governmental Organizations
NUPI = National Urban Planning Institute
ONRS = Oromia National Regional State
ORAAMP = Office for the Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan Project
PF = Public Forum
RHA = Rental Housing Agency
RSS = Regional Spatial Strategies
SDAP = Strategic Development Action Program
SDF = Strategic Development Frame
SDS = Social Development
SNNPRS = Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State
SP = Structure Plan
SPC. = Structure Plan Council
TC = Technical Committee
TNRS = Tigray National Regional State
TOR = Terms of Reference
UUGRP = Urban Upgrading and Renewal Project

PART ONE

1. Background

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1.1. Introduction

Urban planning is a discipline of land-use organization that considers the physical,

spatial, infrastructural, environmental, socio-economic and governance issues of an
urban centre. It is an important development and management tool because it helps:
 make urban centers conducive living and working spaces;
 use scarce resources efficiently;
 consider environmental issues;
 evenly distribute urban services and facilities;
 tackle socio-economic issues;
 promote balanced and healthy urban development; and
 ensure the essence of good governance.

So far different types of urban plans have been practiced all across the world. Ethiopia
has passed through various developmental stages, as far as urbanization is
concerned, right from the Axumite times of the 1 st century AD to the present. Likewise,
the planning practice in Ethiopia has also gone through various stages particularly
since the 1930s to the present. In this regard, some of the most recognized planning
approaches of the country were Master Plan, Development Plan, Integrated
Development Plan (IDP), Action plan, Basic plan, Structure Plan and Local
Development Plan (LDP). Most of these plans either copied or adopted from abroad
and were applied in many urban centers of the country.

It is with this urbanization and planning background that the Urban Plan Preparation
and Implementation Strategy document of 2014 enacts urban planning approaches
that should be applied depending on hierarchical stratification of urban centers. The
planning approaches endorsed in the strategic document are: Structure plan, Strategic
Plan, Basic Plan, Sketch Plan, Neighborhood Development Plan (NDP) and Urban
Design. As per this strategic document, Structure Plan is decreed to be applicable for
Metropolis, Regiopolis and level one urban centers.

Structure Plan is a long-term (ten-year) framework plan used to guide the development
or redevelopment of land in an urban setting. It is used to define future development
and land use patterns, including distribution of various land-use functions,
infrastructure networks, conservation of protected and environmentally sensitive areas
as well as governance and managerial issues of a given urban centre. It also depicts
the spatial extent of the given urban centre for the planning period.

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With active participation of the public and concerned urban actors, structure plan tries
to systematically identify, prioritize and addresses the socio-economic and spatial
development issues. It outlines intervention areas and implementation programs to be
undertaken at citywide during the planning period by taking into account hinterland as
well as regional linkages. It is one of the basic urban management tools to be used by
the management as well as the professionals who are involved in urban development,
planning and implementation programs and activities.

On the other hand structure plan is a binding technical, institutional and policy
framework for guiding a long-term development of a designated city or an urban
centre. Moreover, it comprises of long-term socio-economic, spatial and urban
management vision for urban development. It is a plan that guides and provides
direction so as to ensure a coordinated and sustainable urban development. It is an
umbrella of urban development that synchronizes regional, hinterland, citywide and
neighborhood development plans.

Unlike master plan, it specifies detailed allocation of land for each and every land-use
function which indicates the distribution and extent of major land use categories. It
describes levels of intensity and allowable uses. It also shows limited non-permitted
uses in a certain locality to make these components as flexible as possible without
affecting the wellbeing and security of the urban population. Based on the Urban Plan
Proclamation and the newly published Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation
Strategy the hierarchy of plans are depicted in the following figure:

Figure 1: A Framework of Hierarchy of plans in Ethiopian Urban Planning System

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 National Urban Development Spatial Plan (NUDSP)

Regional Urban Development Spatial Plan (RUDSP)

City-Wide Urban Plan

City-Wide Urban Plan

Strategic Plan
Structure Plan Basic Plan Sketch Plan

Neighborhood Neighborhood
Development Plan Development Plan

Urban Design Urban Design

Currently efforts are underway to create awareness among the wider public, the
various stakeholders and professionals in Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation
Strategy so as to create common understanding on urban development issues. By so-
doing all stakeholders will contribute their part during plan preparation and
implementation process of urban plans in order to ensure the provision of quality
services so that well planned urban centers would become best working and
residential places.

As has been stated above, the Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy
points out that, structure plan is applicable for the bigger urban centers (Metropolis,
Regiopolis and level one) of the country for a ten year period. This plan is supposed to

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be implemented through Neighborhood Development Plan (NDP) that helps cascade
the framework plan into localized ones so that detailed plans could be done based on
the context of the given locality (neighborhood). It is therefore at this stage that
localized issues could effectively be addressed. It is also through the implementation of
this detailed plan that the issue of urban design is highly pronounced. To this effect,
the Urban Plan Proclamation decrees that during the preparation of any structure plan
two associated NDPs shall also be prepared so that it would be more convenient, in
many respects, for the municipal administration of the given urban centre in the
implementation of the structure plan.

1.2. Rationale

The work of urban planning is crucial for urban development in relation to

strengthening urban-urban and urban-rural linkages, in integrating socio-economic
development and urban land-use functions and thereby makes urban centers engines
of developments as well as convenient living and working spaces. Urban planning
considers man-made and natural features as well as all available resources of the
given urban centre for optimal utilization. The process of planning also considers all
possible opportunities and constraints of the given urban centre so that opportunities
would optimally be exploited to bring about positive changes; whereas constraints
would also be addressed systematically and strategically in due course of time.

The main reason for the revision of this structure plan manual is to harmonize it with
the newly introduced Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy document
in which changes are made on the types of plans to be prepared as per the
levels/categories of urban centres of the country. Apart from this, the land-use
proportions of the various spatial functions are pointed out in the strategy document as
30%, 30% and 40% for road and associated infrastructures, green and open spaces,
as well as for built up areas respectively. Thus, the new structure plan is coined in line
with the aforementioned strategy document of the country.

1.3. Objectives of the Manual

1.3.1 General Objectives

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The general objective of this manual is to revise the Structure Plan Manual in line with
the newly introduced Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy document
so as to fill the gaps that have been observed in the previous manual.

1.3.2. Specific Objectives of the Manual

The specific objectives of the manual include the following:
 To define the geographical area where structure plan is applicable;
 To set the scale of maps as per the strategy document;
 To make some procedural modifications on the planning phases;
 To provide a clear modality of stakeholder participation during the planning
process;
 To clearly set the spatial proportions or major land use categories as per the
strategy document;
 To revise data requirements, ways of analysis and other related aspects as
per the applicability of the structure plan; and
 To incorporate new thematic study areas that need be well pronounced during
the planning process.

1.4. Expected Results

This manual is a guide for structure plan preparation and implementation; and also as
a reference and a source of information for practitioners, students, urban
administrators, municipal staff, government officials and technical experts of other
pertinent institutions. To this end, it is expected to bring about efficient, standardized
and transparent urban plan preparation and implementation guideline that need be
exercised throughout the country. Moreover, the manual points out the type of
deliverables expected at the end of each phase of the planning process as well as at
the end of the whole planning process along with optimum time frame.

1.5. How to use the Manual

This Manual is perceived as an aid to preparing appropriate urban plans, development

projects and it is meant to serve as guideline of the planning and implementation
process. In this respect, professionals that are engaged in structure plan preparation
and implementation need to refer this manual frequently and rigorously. The contents
of the manual are also to be followed step-by- step to arrive at the intended planning
outputs. Due attention should be given to the various parts of this manual, and

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depending on the context of the given urban centre some sort of modifications could be
done in due course of plan preparation and implementation. Thus, as the complexity of
the structure plan increases, with growing spatial scale and population size of urban
areas, teams working on structure plan preparation and implementation should identify
and use applicable approaches and procedures based on the manual.

1.6. Scope of Application of the Manual

The scope of this manual is limited only to Metropolis, Regiopolis and Tier One urban
centers and their neighboring influence areas.

1.7. Organization of the Manual

This manual is basically organized into five major parts. The first part deals with
background study that includes, introduction, rationale, objectives, expected results,
how to use and scope of application of the manual. Part two comprises of: policy, legal
framework, concepts, principles, and planning considerations as well as international
and local experiences. Part three focuses on the main procedural stages/phases of the
planning processes right from initiation phase to implementation, monitoring and
evaluation. This part of the manual is of course the core element of the manual that the
users should pay due attention. The Fourth part is devoted to capacity requirements
needed in the structure plan preparation process. Part Five presents miscellaneous
provisions of the manual. Finally, there is an annex part that comprises of checklists for
the various thematic studies, legends and codes for map preparation as well as other
technically supportive documents that provide additional explanations and clarity for
technical experts.

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 PART TWO

2. Policy, Legal framework, Concepts and Principles

2.1 Relevant Policies and Legal Frameworks

Linkages of SP with federal and regional policies, strategies, programs and laws: SP is
a tool for implementing federal and regional government development policies,
strategies, programs and laws which are mostly reflections of global development
issues and agendas. Professionals involved in SP preparation and implementation
need to undertake review of all relevant policies, strategies, laws, regulations, and
decrees, scale down and incorporate their recommendations and prepare proposals
within these frameworks. In cases where there is a need to change or modify existing
or desired developments, they should forward new recommendations for their
rectification. The ADLI, the National Urban Development Policy, the Proclamation to
Provide for Urban Plans, are summarized below. In addition to these, professionals
need to acquaint themselves with the MDG; Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP);
Industrial development strategy and others and adopt ideas in SP preparation and
implementation.

2.1.1. The Urban Development Policy of Ethiopia

The main theme of the National Urban Development policy document is founded on
ADLI, Industrial Development Strategy, federalism, democratization and civil service
reform. It is stated in the document that the speed, extent and focus of urban
development is dependent on rural development and vice versa. According to the
policy document, the main challenges facing urban areas in the country are poorly
developed social and physical infrastructure; shortage and deterioration of housing;
lack of recreation areas, inadequate municipal waste management; absence of well
integrated urban-rural linkage; unbalanced urban growth and weakly developed
national and regional urban systems. The policy gives key emphasis to urban-rural and
urban-urban linkages. It emphasizes the importance of democracy and good
governance for sustainable urban development. Problems of good governance
reflected widely in the lack of accountability, transparency and efficiency among
municipal authorities and the sheer of public participation in the decision making
process are pointed out as the main obstacles for economic development. The other
main areas of concern in this policy document are facilitating the participation of private
developers and of the wider public in local economic development issues, establishing

xii
accountability and the rule of law, provision of autonomy and power on municipal
finance and expenditure to cities.

The overall vision of the policy is to ensure the growth and development of Ethiopian
urban centers is guided by plans and to make the cities and towns competitive centers
of integrated and sustainable development that are sufficiently responsive to the needs
of their inhabitants. The policy aims at enabling cities and towns to function as
generators of wealth not only for their inhabitants but also for the rural populations
found in their immediate hinterlands and beyond. To do so cities and towns in the
nation as a whole are expected to serve as centers of commerce, industry and the
services that are essential to bring about holistic and sustainable economic
development. The recommended policy directions are aimed at enabling cities play
these roles and bringing about fast and equitable development in general. The policy
document spells out specific policy recommendations for Micro and Small Scale
Enterprises (MSE), housing development, facilitating land and infrastructure delivery,
social services, urban grading, planning and environmental protection, democracy,
good governance and capacity building. The policy document also specifies the roles
that federal, regional and local governments are expected to play in order to arrive at
the desired integrated urban and rural development goals. It is emphasized that the
urban administration, government and the people should give proper attention to
environmental protection so as to avoid congestion and pollution that may be
aggravated following the growth and development of cities. This policy document
should be referred to by planners during plan preparation and implementation.

2.1.2. The Urban Planning Proclamation

The proclamation, i.e. “A Proclamation to Provide for Urban Plans (Proclamation No.
574/ 2008)” is declared in response to the need to regulate and guide urban centers by
sound and visionary urban plans to bring about balanced and integrated national,
regional and local development; to create a favorable and an enabling condition for
public and private stakeholders to fully participate in the process of urban plan
initiation, preparation and implementation on the basis of national standards; to
regulate the carrying out of development undertakings in urban centers without
detrimental effects to the general well being of the community as well as the protection
of natural environment; and to replace existing urban planning laws with a
comprehensive legislation which takes into account the federal structure of government
and the central role of urban centers in urban plan preparation and implementation.
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The proclamation has nine main parts, namely: General Provisions; Initiation and
Preparation of Urban Plans; Plan Discussion, Approval, Publicity, Implementation and
Revision; Development Authorization; Land Information; Urban Development and its
Dimensions; Development Freeze and Land Acquisition; Allocation of Powers and
Duties; and Miscellaneous Provisions. Urban Professionals, administrators/ managers
and other stakeholders involved in the planning and implementation activities should
refer to this proclamation and related regulations.

2.1.3. The Five Years (2011- 2015) Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)

According to the GTP, as regards urban land administration and urban planning that
have significant impact on achieving good governance in urban areas greatly improve
executing/ implementation capacity will be carried out. Towards this, on the urban
planning side focus will be made on the following: promoting proper delineation of
urban green areas, beautification, landscape design and urban design works;
developing appropriate systems for the management of solid and liquid wastes;
carrying out continuous follow up on the control of urban land use plan; ensuring
preparation and implementation of plans based on the urban planning law; making
urban managers sufficiently aware of urban planning and implementation issues, etc.
Strengthening all round participation of the people is paramount important in order to
accelerate development and achieve good governance. To realize this and ensure the
ownership and benefit the people from the development, various activities will be
carried out.

In order to accelerate development through curbing poverty and bringing economic

prosperity, it would be necessary to study and analyze the level of rural – urban and
urban – urban linkages/ interactions.

2.1.4. Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy

Structure plan is among that type of plan that is legally accepted to implement in urban
Ethiopia. Once structure plan is prepared there is a need to prepare neighborhood
development plan to implement the major land use plan. In addition, different type of
project and program should be designed for the development of socio economic
issues. Currently, Structure plan is prepared for Metropoly, Regiopoly, and Tier One
towns for about ten years period with a scale of 1:2000-1:20000 and 1:2000-1:10000
respectively.

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 The plan shows the magnitude of the urban areas, urban rural linkage, main land use
category, major social and physical infrastructure network as well as redevelopment
areas and environmental issues. Different type of research like history and heritage,
population and social issue, physical, geological, environmental, spatial, drainage and
linkage studies could be conducted in the preparation of structure plan.

2.1.5. Urban Greenery Strategy

The Urban Greenery Strategy and the National Urban Green Infrastructure Standards
of the country also points out that in the process of urban planning the green
component should be taken into consideration. In this regard the work should be done
right from awareness creation to the allocation of the necessary space for green
development. Moreover, it is also vividly noted that urban and regional planning shall
incorporate green infrastructure (GI) in the process, e.g. in the design of infrastructures
like new roads, transit facilities and other projects. Here adequate spaces (both above
ground and underground) and enough resources for green development shall be
allocated.

2.1.6. Solid Waste

Waste management
 Adequate urban planning is seriously needed to organized waste collection
centers and sufficient landfills for dumping of solid wastes.
 Urban Planning strategies should go beyond just providing alternative site for land
fill but to also impose measures that waste are properly decomposed.
 waste management and urban planning, promotes planners’ contribution to
sustainable waste management planning, and facilitates integration of waste
management into mainstream planning in order to promote urban sustainability
 Planners have access and can make the influence on infrastructure planning,
which could include not only landfill facilities, but also recycling centers, drop-off
sites, and even remanufacturing facilities within urban centers. Strategic plans,
such as locating waste management facilities can mitigate environmental
consequences of material flows, advance closed-loop production systems
 One approach of integrating waste management into long term planning could be
designing urban sustainability indicators from a system perspective and promoting
regular data collection in a consistent format.

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Source:
 Urban Greenery strategy, August 2015, MUDHCo, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 Solid Waste Management Standard, February 2014,Urban Governance and
Decentralization Programme, MUDHCo, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 Ethiopia National Urban Green Infrastructure Standards, October 2014,MUDHCo. Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
 Challenges of solid waste management in sustainable urban planning, B. Maina1,
C. C. Maiguwa & D. D. Dabi Gombe State University, Nigeria.

Source: Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Construction, August 2005 E.C.(2 nd
edition). Urban Land Development and Management Policy and Strategy, Addis
Ababa

Urban Land Development and Management Policy and Strategy (2005 E.C)
document explains as there are three limitations/problems in areas of urban
planning: plan preparation; public participation and plan implementation.
The first problem with plan preparation is lack of skills in plan preparation and
organizational set up with sufficient budget for the preparation and revision of
quality structural plans at region and urban administrations. Because of this
majority of structure plans are implemented without neighborhood development
plans. Plan violation, lack of plan modification based on legal framework and
capacity limitation to implement the plan are basic gabs observed in connection
with urban plan implementation.
Inadequate public participation during urban plan preparation and implementation
is the third basic problem. This leads to overlook developmental needs and
questions of the urban dwellers and poor achievements of the plan at last.
In order to alleviate the above mentioned problems, attention shall be given to
urban plan preparation and implementation from the very beginning. To ensure
sustainable development in urban centers, various urban plans like structure plan;
basic plan; neighborhood development plan, urban design plan and parcelation
plan shall be prepared and implemented. Land use proportion of 30, 30 and 40
must be taken into consideration. Preparation of structure plan is a pre-condition
to provide legal supportive document for those plots of land that have no legal
ownership./ ሰነድ አልባ ይዞታ/

2.2. Concepts, Principles and Considerations

2.2.1. Concept

A. Definition

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Structure Plan (SP) is defined as a legally binding urban plan that consists of graphic
documents along with explanatory texts formulated and drawn at a level of an entire
urban boundary of a given urban centre. The plan sets out the basic minimum
requirements regarding physical development the fulfillment of which could produce a
coherent urban development in social, economic and spatial spheres. It is a framework
plan that guides the development or redevelopment process of an urban centre in an
integrated and holistic manner.

B. Physical Boundaries of Urban Centers

Regarding physical boundaries of urban centers, according to the urban planning

proclamation mentioned above, the following have been indicated:
 Urban centers shall have their own distinct boundaries.
 The demarcation/ re-demarcation of a boundary for a given urban center shall be
made, where necessary, by concerned regional governments. Likewise, the
boundaries of chartered cities shall be indicated in their respective charters.

 An urban center may be preferred and accorded a status of a growth center by

concerned authority with the view of amalgamating its immediate surroundings for
development cause regardless of its physical boundary.

C. Relevance

Structure plan is relevant in that it is a technical, institutional and policy framework, in

which with the active participation of relevant urban actors, systematically identifies,
prioritizes and addresses socio-economic, environmental and spatial urban
development issues. It outlines intervention approaches and implementation programs
to be undertaken to achieve city-wide and at influence area including the surrounding
towns. It is one of the basic urban management tools, which professionals would
involve in urban development planning and implementation should use in their day-to-
day activities.

2.2.2. Principles of Urban Plan

The following are stated as principles of urban plan preparation and implementation as
per the new Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation strategy:
 Urban plan preparation and implementation should be supported by
transparent, accountable and effective system and ensure that the

xvii
 necessary monitoring and support system are put in place so as to curb
plan violation;
 Plan preparation should consider compact settlement patterns.
 Physical, spatial and socio-economic problems should be alleviated
through holistic and integrated planning approaches.
 Ensure that the principle of 30, 30 and 40 proportion of land use during
plan preparation.
 Devise a strategy whereby the public and stakeholders shall engage in plan
preparation and implementation process.
 Assure that mixed land use (and of course varying settlement types) has been
implemented in urban plan preparation with the aim of strengthening social
integration.

2.2.3. Planning Considerations

A. Linkage with Sector offices

Structure plan (SP) preparation and implementation is a participatory process with

sector offices and institutions both at the planning and implementation stages. At the
implementation stage, SP proposals should be scaled down and detailed out through
neighborhood development plan (NDP). This shall be prioritized and incorporated in
the fiscal plans of municipalities and sector institutions together with the required
annual budget.

B. Linkages with Influence Areas

The planning team that deals with the task of preparation of structure plans should take
into account socio-economic, administrative, physical and spatial linkages with
influence areas. The team shall also hold discussions and agree as to what the
implications and impacts of regions/hinterlands on the city proper and how such issues
shall be incorporated in the SP. The following are the major linkages between the
influence area studies that planners should take into consideration:
 The housing component of SP shall consider the pattern of migration into the
urban center by considering the pull and push factors, the rates of population
growth and the potential for commuting.
 The commercial component of the SP shall consider mainly issue of economic
linkages related to market, financial, production, and consumption.

xviii
  Public sector linkages are associated with sphere of administrative influence
and relevant institutions.
 The environment component of the SP shall consider the situation of fuel and
construction wood; watershed management issues; potential water supply
sources, geological construction materials, recreation areas and parks, waste
management practices; urban agriculture and conservation areas etc.
 The services component of the SP shall consider adequacy of services such
as health, education, postal services and telecommunication services.
 The manufacturing and storage component of SP shall consider the rural
economic structure; agro-ecological potential; opportunities for industrial
development; the potential for export earning; and factors that facilitate forward
and backward linkages in both urban and rural areas;
 The transport and infrastructure elements of the SP shall consider assumed
modes of transport in the regional urban system and network linkages to the
principal urban area in view of location significance and distributional aspects.
Particularly, road transport is one important element mode of modern transport
applicable to all categories of towns with differential levels of design. Along
with modern vehicles transport, large proportion of intra-urban and rural-urban
linkage is affected by walking. Therefore, pedestrian access along the road
network and animal tracks at the important rural-urban entry points are
suggested to be of crucial consideration. Moreover, in some fast growing
cities, intermediate transport is emerging as key transport means. Therefore, it
needs to be incorporated in the structure plan in response to the level of
interaction observed.

[Link] on the land use

i. Give general land use proposals:

General land use proposals presented before was not uniform in our country. Urban
plan preparation and land management proportions differ based on the content of the
urban land development and management policy and strategy and also based on the
economic standing of cities. However, cities founded after the mid of the 20th century
(and other cities that will be founded in the future) should follow a system of
proportions, allocating 30% of the land for roads and other infrastructures, 40% for
buildings and 30% for green areas and shared public space. It is hard to apply this land

xix
management proportion system to cities that have been founded before the mid-20th
century. Still, during the processes of city redevelopment and renovation, those cities
are required to allocate 30% of the land for roads and infrastructure, 25% for green
areas and shared public use and 45% for building construction in their urban land
management plan.

ii. Give Only Prohibited Land uses:

SP should be as flexible and practicable as possible while adequately meeting the

demands that arise during the implementation period. Lists of prohibited uses should
accompany legends for SP. In all cases, there should be provisions that allow the use
of areas designated for different land uses for compatible functions.
iii. Give Standards with ranges:

This applies to the regulation developed at the SP level like building height regulation,
road width, etc. This allows flexibility in implementation.

iv. Reserve Land for Unforeseen Activities:

Proposals made on the SP are based on our current knowledge and on our prediction
of future needs. Thus, while ensuring that present needs are satisfactorily met, it is
essential to reserve adequate land to effectively meet future demands. At least 10% of
the expansion area should be reserved for unforeseen developments.

v. Follow strategic approach:

SP with the active participation of relevant urban actors, should systematically identify,
prioritize and address socioeconomic and environmental urban development issues;
and outline intervention approaches and implementation programs to be undertaken to
achieve these. It should provide synergistic spatial and socioeconomic opportunities
with multiplier effects for systematically addressing prioritized urban issues.

B. Institutional setup Considerations of Structure Plan Preparation and

implementation

Structure plan preparation and implementation process for Metropolis, Regiopolis and
Tier I cities should be managed by Steering Committee, Technical Committee,
Representative Forum and City Council. In addition to this their composition, roles and
responsibilities should be considered.
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C. Regulatory Considerations of Structure Plan

SP should be approved legally. Regulation for approval shall be drafted by the plan
preparation team in collaboration with lawyer/s. Approval document should at least
consist of provisions for contents of the structure plan, implementation procedure,
updating, revision of the SP, accountability, applicable laws for penalization in case of
violation of contents of the SP. Structure plan should be presented for approval to the
City Administration/City Council that initiated its preparation. Plan approval should be
effected by issuing a proclamation, a regulation or a legal notice in which SP should
also be accompanied by the required regulation for proper implementation of its
components. Cities and towns need to have building height, and density regulations,
and building permits. In addition to these, minimum provisions for plot coverage,
setback, Floor Area Ratio, and density levels need to be developed and submitted as
accompanying regulatory provisions.

D. Monitoring and Evaluation Consideration

Monitoring and evaluation is an important stage in SP preparation and implementation.

The following activities should be undertaken to ensure proper monitoring and
evaluation:
 A proper institutional arrangement should be established for monitoring and
evaluation.
 A clear working and reporting system should be defined to facilitate SP
preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
 Appropriate timing and program for plan monitoring and evaluation should be
identified.
 Monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken using defined criteria.
 Feedbacks from monitoring and evaluation should be provided for appropriate
professionals and decision makers The relevant sections should follow-up and
ensure that such feedbacks are well documented and incorporated
appropriately.
 Monitoring and evaluation results should be documented in a written form and
if necessary should be presented in audiovisual form to the officials of the
respective towns/cities and regions.

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2.3. Review of International Experiences

A. Malaysia

The Structure Plan consists of written statement formulation a State’s policy and
general proposals for the development and use of land in the State. As the name
suggest the Structure Plan now covers the whole State and no longer confines to
certain local authorities. These policies must be set within current state and national
policies concerning the social and economic planning and development and they must
have regard to the likely availability of resources needed to implement the policies and
proposals and having due regards to the following matters :
a. The principal physical, economic, environment and social characteristics of
the area;
b. The size, composition and distribution of the population of the area; and
c. The communication, transportation, and traffic system of the area.

It is State wide comprehensive planning tool that outlines physical development

policies and strategies as well as the allocation of the natural resources within 10-15
years period. The plan suggests direction and approaches on how area in the States
could be developed in an appropriate and sustainable manner. It also suggests the
direction for future economic growth and investment opportunities in the respective
States. The Structure Plan therefore translates national economic, social and physical
objectives into physical development strategy for the State or part of the State and
provides a framework for the production of more detailed local land use plans to guide
public and private sector investment and infrastructure development. Thus, the
functions of the Structure Plan are as follows:
a. Interpreting national and regional policies;
b. Establishing aims, policies and general proposals;
c. Providing the framework for local plans;
d. Indicating special area plans, if any;
e. Providing guidance for development control;
f. Providing basis for coordinating decision; and
g. Highlighting main planning issues and decisions before the public and the
SPC.

B. State of California

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The development of land use outside the city and county bears relations to its land use
plan. The General Plan is consistent with the constitution of the state and is as such,
required to have statements and diagrams of development policies for the jurisdiction’s
physical development, location of appropriate mixtures, timing and extent of land use.
It consists of objectives, principles, policies, standards, plan proposals and
implementation measures. The review document also showed that the components
that make the general plan are land use, circulation, housing, conservation, noise,
safety, and open space. Specific Plans (similar to LDP or nowadays NDP in our case)
serve to refine policy statements applicable to a defined area, help in the direct
regulation of land use and bringing together policies and regulations into a focused
development scheme. The state of California follows the following general procedures
in preparation of plans:
 Preparing work program,
 Determination of current context,
 Analysis and formulation of goals,
 Developing, evaluating and adopting plans,
 Monitoring and implementation.

C. South Africa

According to the planning act in South Africa, IDP is a legally required planning
practice and is above all plans at local government level. The five years planning
period is in congruence with the council election to be undertaken every five years. Its
preparation period ranges from 6 to 9 months. IDP is a planning process through which
municipalities prepare a strategic development plan. It is also principal planning
process which informs and guides planning, budgeting, management and decision
making in a municipality. IDP has five core components: analysis, development of
strategies, projects, integration and approval. IDP helps to use resources effectively
and to speed up service delivery. It also plays a significant role in attracting more funds
for development, strengthening democracy, and facilitating institutional coordination.

D. Vietnam

In The National Urban Development Spatial Plan: Ethiopia`s Urban Development

Scenarios Final Report (MUDH, 2015) spatial hierarchy of plans are explained.
Accordingly, in Vietnam spatial plans are prescriptive in character laying out the ways

xxiii
to use land in specific locations and are under the purview of the Ministry of
Construction. The four main types of plans are the following:
 The Master Plan orientation for Vietnam`s Urban System
Development(National)
 The Regional Plans (for the Provinces)
 The Master Plans (for cities/provinces) and
 Detailed Plans (for districts, wards, industry zones, or development
projects).

On the other hand the Law on Urban Planning passed on June 17, 2009, by the XIIth
National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Article 18(No. 1) states the
presence of 3 types of urban planning:
 General planning, which is made for centrally run cities, provincial cities,
towns, townships and new urban centers;
 Zoning planning, which is made for areas within cities, towns and new
urban centers;
 Detailed planning, which is made for areas to meet urban development
and management requirements or construction investment needs.

In addition, under No. 2 (of the above Article) Technical infrastructure planning
constitutes part of general planning, zoning planning or detailed planning; particularly
for centrally run cities, technical infrastructure planning is made separately as
specialized technical infrastructure planning.

Article 36 clearly states urban technical infrastructure planning to be conducted for the
following objects: Urban Transport, Urban Base Heights and Surface Water Drainage,
Urban Water Supply, Urban Wastewater Drainage, Energy Supply and Urban Lighting,
Information and Communication, Cemeteries and Solid Waste Treatment.

Section 4 of the Law on Making of Urban Plans, Article 24: Bases for making urban
plans is identified.
1. Strategies and master plans on socio-economic development, defense and

security, orientations of the master plan on the national system of urban

centers, regional construction planning and higher level urban planning

already approved.

xxiv
 2. Approved sector planning.

3. Approved urban planning tasks.

4. Urban planning standards and sectoral standards.

5. Topographic maps made by specialized survey and measurement agencies

6. Socio-economic documents and data on related localities and sectors.

[Link]

E. China

Without the active involvement of urban planning it is impossible for the tremendous
achievements of urban development in today`s China. Urban and Rural Planning Law
of the People`s Republic of China promulgated in 2007 and effected as of 2008, Article
17 clearly stated that the overall planning of a City or Town shall include: the overall
arrangement for the development of the city or towns, functional zones, land use
layout, comprehensive traffic system, regions prohibited, restricted from or appropriate
for construction and various kinds of special planning, etc.

The Law also indicated the following contents shall be included in the overall planning
of a city or town as mandatory contents: Coverage of the planning area, scale of the
land used for the construction of the planning area, land used for infrastructure and
public service facilities, water head sites and water system, basic farmland, land used
for afforstation, environmental protection, protection of natural and historical cultural
heritages, and disaster prevention and alleviation, etc.
The planning period of the overall planning of a city or town is usually 20 years. The
overall planning of a city shall forecast the long-term development trend of the city and
make corresponding arrangements.
[Link]/englishnpc/Law/2009-02/20/content_1471595htm
The Planning structure of China includes the following:-
 National Cities and Towns plan
 Provincial Regional plan
 City Comprehensive plan
 District detailed plan(Regulatory plan, detailed plan)
 Urban design
 Landscape design

xxv
(China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, 2006)

F. Singapore

Singapore presents a typical prototype of the British style regulatory framework, and of
an institutional framework where land use planning is taken seriously and plans are
implemented with high levels of compliance with development control and planning
regulations. In recent years Singapore has increasingly gained recognition as a good
practice and Model City for urban planning & management. Regular review of urban
plans appears an integral part of the urban planning process in Singapore. Land uses
in various sectors are reviewed regularly in Singapore to ensure that urban plans are
implemented accordingly.

Singapore provides an example of good plan monitoring and evaluation. In

consequence, the City has been judicious in the use of land. Despite being 100
percent urbanized, only about 50 percent of the City-State is built-up. Its plans are
monitored and reviewed on a constant basis. At the operational level, inter- and intra-
agency committees are formed and entrusted with specific roles to review and
coordinate different land requirements and resolve land use conflicts.

(Belinda Yuen (2009). Regional Study prepared for planning sustainable Cities: Global
Report on Human Settlements).
Cliff Lee, Director of Physical Planning and Infrastructure explain land use planning
experience of Singapore. The planning process includes:
1. Concept Plan: - it is strategic land use plan that guides Singapore`s physical
development over the next 40 to 50 years; it sets out broad directions and captures
the vision of the country.
2. Master Plan: - It has two broad divisions namely Land Sales and Development
Control.
Master Plan: it is statutory land use plan, shows permissible land use and density,
detailed and transparent, and finally reviewed every 5 years. Land sales and
Development control have specific functions for the development of Singapore.

Public consultation is an important feature of Singapore`s planning experience. It is

important in every phase of planning hence public is consulted during: Concept plan
review, Master Plan review and development control.
([Link]

xxvi
G. Lessons Learnt

The review of aspects of international planning experience above shows that

developed countries are preoccupied with adjusting regulatory aspects and are as
such, using long-term plans. The scale of permitted development was increased in a
move to deregulate development. The need for Structure Plan and Neighborhood
Development Plan to guide the development of urban centers is one of the lessons
learned from the review of international experiences. The other lessons drawn include
the fact that preparation of Structure Plan or general plans has become more flexible,
increasingly action-oriented and participatory. The length of time taken in the
preparation and adoption of Structure Plan is also optimized.

2.4. Review of Local Experiences

Within the brief urban planning experience in Ethiopia in the last few decades, a lot has
been gained in terms of practical applications in the field both from local and
international practices. Review of these planning experiences shows that most local
plans were undertaken through the master planning approach. NUPI (later named as
FUPI), has prepared Master and Development plans with 20 and 10 years planning
periods respectively for more than 120 urban areas. These plans have been served as
key urban development instruments and contributed a lot in managing, and regulating
development activities, though they are criticized as being rigid, and focusing more on
physical aspects only as they attempt to address existing gaps and future demands. In
these plans, participatory planning was considered as simple familiarization of the
already finalized urban plans to stakeholders.

Based on the lessons learnt from the experience of ORAAMP, an issue based,
Structure-Strategic Action oriented planning approach was adopted in the revision of
the Adama Master Plan. The revision work covered three main spatial levels; the city,
its immediate hinterland and the broader region within which Adama is situated.

Findings from general investigations made at the three levels were then summarized
and used as basis for identifying 9 and 7 planning issues at the city and the hinterland
levels respectively thereby constituting the main components of the Adama Structure
Plan. These components were finally integrated to draft the Adama Structure Plan and

xxvii
its fifteen years Strategic Development Frame (SDF). Recommendations from this SDF
were then detailed and prioritized and the city’s Strategic Development Action Program
(SDAP) was prepared. Recommendations from this SDF were then detailed and
prioritized and the city’s five years Strategic Development Action Program (SDAP) was
prepared. Similarly, at the hinterland level, nine issue based planning studies were
made on three Woredas. Strategies were then recommended, based on parts of the
hinterland for which SDF was prepared. These were then further detailed and
formulated into Strategic Development Action Program for each of the four Woredas
constituting the hinterland of Adama.

The experience from the implementation of Integrated Development Plan (IDP)

process in Mekelle, Dire Dawa, Awassa, Bahir Dar, Adigrat and some other
cities/towns depicted that though the IDP approach can be viewed as positive, due to
inadequacies of some factors such as institutional arrangements for the realization of
the plans and resources required during both planning and implementation, the
approach could not fully be applied.

In general, recent planning efforts, including the Addis Ababa and Adama plans, have
shown a shift to strategic, prioritized and flexible issue based and participatory
planning approach in sharp contrast to the wholesale un-prioritized land use approach
of master planning. Social, economic and other development issues were given
emphasis. Regional governments established planning institutions and the role of cities
and private consultants in the preparation of urban plans increased though there are
variations in the naming and planning approaches. The role of the then FUPI and now
Urban Planning, Sanitation and Beautification Bureau shifted to the provision of
support and regulatory activities.

The preparation of structural plans in Ethiopia has critical challenges worth mentioning
here. As the experiences of some cities/ towns indicate, shortage of qualified planning
professionals and other relevant staff as well as high resource requirement were the
leading challenges faced during the preparation of structure plans. It is indisputable
that the overwhelming majority of the municipalities in Ethiopia simply lack the capacity
to overcome such critical challenges. Our experience indicates that the approval,
monitoring, and evaluation of urban plans are critical issues that need be given
emphasis.

xxviii
2.4.1. Lessons Learnt from local experiences

The lessons learnt from the local planning practices discussed above indicate that
though there are improvements in the planning and implementation approaches, there
is a need for a unified but flexible, simple and manageable planning approach in
Ethiopia that satisfies the basic minimum requirements as indicated in the urban plan
proclamation. Towards these objectives, it is believed that this revised manual will play
a significant role.

PART THREE

3. Structure Plan Preparation and Implementation Process

3.1. Introduction

This part of the manual gives a roadmap that guides users to go through three
procedural stages namely: preparation stage, planning stage and implementation,
monitoring and evaluation stage. In each stage of the planning and implementation
xxix
 process tasks and activities are clearly stated and thus the user of this manual is
supposed to proceed accordingly. The following are the major works to be undertaken
under each of the given stages:

Preparation Stage: This stage focuses on initiation and programming of the phase in
which the necessary pre-conditions are fulfilled to launch the project. This stage
basically aims at identification of the problem and also justify why the task should be
undertaken by considering the interest of all stakeholders. Moreover, it is also a stage
for mobilization of all the necessary resources to undertake the task.

Planning Stage: The planning stage is the core part of the planning process in which
the task of planning is meticulously carried out through the application of technical and
professional inputs of all thematic studies. This stage comprises of eight phases of
planning during which all the tasks of plan preparation is undertaken ranging from base
map preparation or updating to plan approval and publicity. Each phase is further
broken down into major tasks under each of which detailed activities are also listed.

Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Stage: This third stage is dedicated to the
task of implementation of the proposed plan during the given time frame (10 years
period) based on the devised implementation strategy, which of course is part of the
planning document. Here it is worth noting that the municipal administration should
adhere to the implementation strategy, though it is also possible to devise additional
implementation strategy, as deemed necessary, based on its resources and the
specific context of the given urban centre. Likewise, the task of monitoring and
evaluation is also a process of follow up and evaluation to be undertaken throughout
the planning period.

Moreover, the manual also incorporates the purpose, major deliverables, responsible
bodies and the time required at each phase of the planning process. Here, it is
important to note that at each phase there should be public and stakeholder
participation and the time frame considers this task of participation. Bearing this in
mind, the following figure depicts the whole planning and implementing process.
Figure 2: Structure plan Preparation & Implementation Process (Phases)

I. Planning to plan 1. Initiation and Programming

or
Preparation stage

2. Base Map Updating/Preparation

xxx
 3. Data Collection and
Compilation

4. Data Analysis and Interpretation

5. Vision, Goal and Objective

II. Planning Stage
Setting

6. Preparation of Conceptual
Framework Plan

7. Preparation of Proposals

8. Preparation of Implementation
Strategy

9. Plan Approval and publicity

III. Implementation
Monitoring & 10. Implementation, Monitoring &
Evaluation
Stage
Evaluation

xxxi
Phase 1. Initiation and Programming

1.1. Purpose

The purpose of this phase is to:

 Identify the problem and justify or make preliminary discussions and
negotiations with interested/ affected parties, developers, residents,
professionals, officials, etc in order to determine whether there is a need for a
new plan or for revision of the existing plan.

 Identify the prerequisites that should be met before the commencement of the
actual planning activities and expectations by the end of Structure Plan
preparation.

1.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 1.2.1: Initiation of Planning

Activity 1: Conduct need assessment

Activity 2: Discussion with stakeholders and creating awareness
Activity 3: Delineate the two NDP sites
Activity 4: Arrive at consensus and get permission

Task 1.2.2: Programming the project

Activity 1: Time frame for planning

Activity 2: Search for financial sources
Activity 3: Establish Committees (Technical, steering, Representative Forum, ad-hoc,
etc.)

Task 1.2.3 Preparation of TOR

Activity 1: Identify the scope of the assignment

Activity 2: Professional mix
Activity 3: Cost break down
Activity 4: Preparation of bid document (if necessary)

1.3. Major Deliverables

 Minutes of discussions with different stakeholders

 Memorandum of understanding ( Mou)

xxxii
  TOR document

1.4. Responsible Body

[

 Municipality,
 Regional Urban Development & housing Bureaus,
 Regional Planning Institute
 City Administration,
 Wereda/ Zonal Administrations
 Federal government
 Interested groups or stakeholders,
 The public

1.5. Time Requirement – 30 days

NB. Selection of the two NDP sites could be made either during this phase or the next phase
(base map updating or preparation) so that due attention could be given to the selected sites
during base map updating.

Figure 2 Tip Institutional set up

I. Steering committee (10-12)

 Mayor’s committee,
 Municipal manager,
 Rural Wereda Administrator that surrounds the city
 Heads Utility providers (water, telecom, power, road)
 Planning unit(Institute)
 Roles and responsibilities
 Provides directions, Pass political decision related to the project,
 Provides administrative support, Leads and endorse related final decision.
II. Technical Committee (8-10)
 Municipal manager - chair person
 Plan department (2)- secretary and member
 Land management,(1)-members
 Greenery department (1)-member
 Sanitation department( 1)
 Utility providers (water, telecom, power, road) (2)-members
 Members from Monitoring & Evaluation Department/Unit (2)
 Roles and responsibility
 Responsible for the preparation and provision of comments on the TOR
 Provision of technical support throughout plan preparation and implementation process
 Ensures the quality of all deliverables
 Ensures submission of all deliverables as per the TOR/ contract agreement

xxxiii
  Provides evaluated documents to the steering committee
III. Representative Forum
 Comprises of members of the communities and all stakeholders of the city
 Their number should be not less than 200
 Chaired by the mayor or municipal manager
 There must be proportionate representation from all kebeles
 Representatives of the surrounding rural kebels
 All disadvantage/affected groups should be represented

All stakeholders such as: scholars, elders, religious representatives, community members,
investors, NGOs, CBOs, etc. should be represented
 Roles and responsibility
 Reflect the interest of their respective constituents
 Provide information to the planning team on city wide problems
 Take part in the identification of major planning issues
 Take part during plan preparation and implementation process
IV. Task team
It is established to undertake a specific project for a specific period of time (an ad- hoc team)
 Its members could be 5-7
 Comprises of technical experts and members of affected community
 Mix of professionals related to the project and representative groups of the community
 Roles and responsibilities
 Answerable to the Technical Committee
 Provide technical solution and implement the project
 Make a day-to-day follow up of the project
 Mobilize the community in an effort of supporting the project
V. City Council
 Roles and Responsibilities
 plan approval
 Evaluate performance report of plan implementation and provides feedback

NB. All the above stated committees shall be established by the city/ municipal administration.
The planning Unit should play key role in this regard.

Figure 3 Organogram Illustrating work Flow among Stakeholders

City Council

xxxiv
Steering Committee
Representative
Forum

Task Team

Planning Team

xxxv
Phase 2. Base Map Updating/ Preparation

2.1. Purpose

The purpose is to update or prepare base map that shows the existing manmade and
natural features of an urban center and its expansion areas.

2.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 2.2.1: Reconnaissance survey/ fact-finding mission

Activity 1: Organize fact-finding team

Activity 2: Conduct field observation
Activity 3: Select expansion area
Activity 4: make preliminary land projection based on trend analysis to determine the
land for surveying
Activity5: Signing of MoU (Memorandum of Understanding)
Activity 6: Writing up field report

Task 2.2.2: Identification of appropriate technology for the preparation of base map

Activity 1: Look for available technology

Activity 2: Select the most appropriate and up-to-date technology
Activity 3: Check the selected technology for its accuracy (by checking existing GCP)
Activity 4: Produce report with regard to the selected technology

Task 2.2.3: Preparation of base map

Activity 1: Organizing and deploying surveying team

Activity 2: Updating or conducting of surveying based on the selected technology
Activity 3: Checking of the quality of surveyed of data

Task 2.2.4: Cartographic production

Activity 1: Preparation of base map with appropriate scale
Activity 2: Verify the quality of the base map

2.3. Major Deliverables / Outputs

 Base map of the town indicating different spatial features at a scale of 1:2000
to 1:5000 as per the level of the given urban centre.

xxxvi
 2.4. Responsible Body
o City administrations
o Regional urban development & housing bureau
o Regional urban planning Institute
o Federal Urban planning institute
o The Planning Team
o Base map preparation crew
o Land management bureau/office/Land & property registration Agency

2.5. Time Requirement – 60 days

Figure 4 TIP Verification of Base map

Verification of Base map
 Quality of base maps should be checked rigorously
 Map verification could be conducted in two ways
 Make in-house checking and
 on site checking as deemed necessary
 NB: Details of base map preparation processes, standards and procedures are included in the
base map preparation/updating manual

xxxvii
Phase 3. Data Collection and Compilation

3.1. Purpose

The purpose of this task is to gather the necessary data and then compile them in
ways that help prepare the desired structure plan.

3.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 3.2.1: Determining Data Collection Tools

Activity 1: Determine the type of data to be collected
 Review the TOR and determine the list of components to be treated
 Determine the type of data required depending on the list of data sources
 prepare checklists and formats for data collection
Activity 2: Determine the source and method of data collection
 Primary data:
 Conduct site observation based on a checklist, data collection formats, maps and
etc
 Conduct interview and focus groups discussion with residents and stakeholders
 Undertake discussion with various sector offices, NGOs, CBOs and etc
 Conduct meetings with the public and affected community
 As deem necessary conduct sample survey using different tools
 Have Audio-visual recordings

 Secondary data:
 Literature review
 Review of relevant document
 Collect relevant data from various institutions using data collection format

NB. In collecting data and making analyses please pay due attention to the NDP
sites and accordingly make in-depth data collection as well as analyses throughout
the planning process in all thematic areas

Figure 5. Tip. Considerations during data collection

 Conform for consistency of data among various thematic areas

 There must be exchange of data and information among team members
 Avoid redundancy and duplication of efforts during data collection

Task 3.2.2: Data Collection at Influence Area Level

Activity 1: Identification of Influence Area

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  Conduct discussion with stakeholders and identify the influence areas in
terms of administrative linkage, physical linkage, economic linkage, social
linkage, environmental linkage, transport and mobility, etc.
 Select areas with strong linkage for each of the dimensions
(administrative, physical, economic, social, environmental, etc. separately)
 Delineate influence area vis-a-vis the urban center under discussion.

Activity 2: Collect data on Linkages of the influence areas

A. Collect data on Administrative linkage

 Regional
 Zonal
 Wereda
B. Collect data on service
 Health
 Education
 Postal
 Electric ,Water, etc
C. Collect data on Economic matters
 Finance(bank, insurance, etc)
 Market
 Forward and backward economic linkages
D. Collect data on Transport and mobility
 Road
 Public transport
 Others
E. Collect data on Physical and environment
 Water
 Waste
F. Collect data on Social
 Migration
 Employment
G. Collect data on Tourism and heritage
 Tourist attraction/heritage sites in the vicinity of the given
city

Figure 6 Tip Delineation of influence area of an urban centre

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 Values in % Admin. Transport Service Economic Environmental Total Rank
Delineation of Influence
linkage area of a city/town
linkage catchments linkages linkage Score
(15%) (20%) (25%) (25%) (15%) 100%
 Influence area/region is a geographic space that has strong linkage with a given city/town in terms of

Health 10%

Market 15%

Pollution 5%

5%Water source
School 10%

Bank 10%

materials 5%Construction
administrative, economic, social services, transport, etc. catchments. In short it is a surrounding area
Weredas within of an urban centre from which inhabitants get the above-stated services from the given city/town or
the zone/ Region
of
1 the given city
vice versa.
2  In delineating influence area of a city/town participatory approach of various stakeholders (municipal
3
Wordas out of the
administration, wereda/zonal administrations, service providers such as education, health, transport,
etc) is mandatory. The stakeholders have to participate and arrive at a decision in delineating the
zone/region of the city
1
influence area; and this could be supported by using matrix, as deemed necessary.
2
 Geographical proximity is one of the factors as far as linkage is concerned. In this regard some of the
major parameters that need be considered in the selection of influence areas are:
 Administrative linkage;
 Economic linkages ( market catchments, tourist attractions, banks, etc)
 Social Service catchments (education , health, etc);
 Transport linkages;
 Environmental linkages (pollution, supply of construction materials, woods, water, etc.)
 Recreation and tourist related impacts

Figure 7 Tip Example of Influence Region Delineation for City X

In delineating an influence area for City X, weighting and ranking methods are employed using different
parameters. Accordingly, parameters with values (points) 50 or above are included within the influence
area/region.
 NB. Values for the various parameters can be allocated based on consensus by taking into account the prominence
of each parameter.

Task 3.2.3: Data Collection at Urban Level

Activity 1: Collect Data Related to Historical, Heritage and Tourism Issues

i. Collect data on history, heritage and tourism

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  Outline the major areas of the study
 Prepare the necessary checklist
[[[[

A. Pre-foundation period and settlement patterns

 Natural and ecological setting of the urban centre and its vicinity
 The fauna and flora
 Early inhabitants and period of habitation
 Reason for early settlements
 Ethnic composition
 Cultural and socio-economic backgrounds of early inhabitants.
B. Foundation
 When and by who was it founded?
 Why was the specific site selected for settlement?
 Settlement patterns through periods.
C. Naming
 Naming of the town and its quarters,
 From which language the names originated,
 what are the meanings of the names,
 Who coined the names;
 When the name are coined.
D. Development of municipality
 When was it founded,
 Its role in the development of the city/town
 The overall management of the town’s affairs (on periodic basis).
E. Development of urban services
 The development of urban services,
 The time when the town has got each( major) services,
 The pattern of development of the services in the course of history.
F. Historical development trend
 Trend of development of the city by taking historic land marks
 Patterns and tendencies of development of the city
 the pace of growth of the city in terms of population
 Land size
 The role the city has played locally, regionally, nationally or internationally in
the course of history.

G. Heritage Preservation
 Identify the natural, historical , cultural or ethnographic heritages of the city
 The level of significance of heritages (international, national or local)
 Their state of condition (including measures taken to preserve them, if any),
 Their significance to the given city in terms of economic, social, cultural or religious
values.
H. Tourism
 Nature of tourism
 The sole means of attractions
 Level and nature of service provision
 Tourism attraction and potential sites
 natural or man-made

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  Their location
 Level of their attractions
 Level of significance,
 Their state of condition.
I. Planning Issues
 Heritages that need preservation in and around the city
 Issues related with the development of historical, cultural and heritage
 Issues that help promote tourism in and around the given city.

Activity 2: Collect Data Related to Demographic and Social Development Issues

i. Collect data on demographic aspects

[

A. Population Characteristics (CSA reports)

 Trend in population size;
 Age composition;
 Sex composition;
 Ethnic composition; and
 Religious composition.
B. Population Dynamics (CSA reports)
 Fertility (Total fertility rate, Crude birth rates);
 Mortality (Infant mortality rate, expectation of life at birth, crude death rates); and,
 Migration (Proportion of in-migrants, reason for moving, length of continuous
residence).
ii. Collect data on social services
A. Educational Service
 Distribution of school by grade level;
 Trends of school enrollment by grade level;
 Distribution of students by origin, age and sex;
 School age population by grade level;
 Distribution of teachers by qualification;
 Number of repeaters and dropouts by grade level;
 Distribution of schools by ownership;
 Physical condition of schools and their facilities;
 Location and area occupied;
 Problems related to educational services; and
 On-going projects and future plans.

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B. Health Service
 Existing number of health institutions by type, health personnel;
 Health institutions by ownership;
 Ten top diseases and major causes of death;
 Origin of patients;
 Facilities in the health institutions;
 Physical condition of health institutions;
 Area and location of health institutions;
 Type of health service
 Services rendered by existing health institutions;
 Future plan and ongoing projects; and
 Problems related to health service.
C. Housing
 Number of households and housing units;
 Housing units by tenure status (private, rented, etc);
 Housing units by purpose (residential, business, etc);
 Physical condition of housing units;
 Distribution of housing units by construction material;
 Bathing facilities, toilet facilities;
 Informal housing units;
 Problem related to housing; and,
 Ongoing projects and future housing plan.
D. Sport and Recreation
 Distribution and availability of playgrounds by neighborhood;
 Distribution of sport fields by Kebele;
 Availability of stadium;
 Availability of parks and zoo;
 Availability of Libraries;
 Ongoing project and future plan; and,
 Problems related to sport and recreational facilities.

E. Worship Places and Cemeteries

 Existing religious institutions and their number of followers;
 Availability of cemetery for each religious institution and for the municipality;
 Ongoing projects and future plans; and

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  Problems associated with religion and cemetery.

iii. Collect Data on Social Problems

 Crime against persons and property;
 Juvenile delinquency;
 Commercial Sex Workers (Prostitution) ;
 Beggary;
 Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPS),
 Unemployment;
 Streetism and other child-related problems;
 Disability;
 Elders without family support;
 Women and family in economically deprived situation;
 Youth and youth centered social problems and services;
 HIV/AIDS related social problems; and,
 Social Welfare Services /Program/ (Types of services being rendered, number of
organizations engaged in service provision).

Activity 3: Collect Data Related on Economic Aspects

 Collect data on the characteristics of the urban (study town) economy

A. Unemployment

 Total number of economical active population;

 Total number of unemployed population
B. Trade Sector:
 Number of trade establishments by type of trade, employment, and facilities (Time
series)
 Spatial distribution of the establishments;
 Extent of land use conversion from non-commercial to commercial & application for
commercial plots (time series);
 Number of trade licenses issued, renewed or returned;
 Major source of item traded & major customers; and,
 Major challenges and opportunities of the sector.
C. Investment & Investment climate
 Number of approved projects by sector (agriculture, industry, services etc)- time series;
 Expected employment creation capacity of the projects;
 Capital of approved projects;

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  Investment climate: availability of serviced land, infrastructure, support institutions, rules
& regulations etc; and,
 Opportunities and challenges of investment activities.
D. Manufacturing Sector
 Number of Manufacturing by type of employment and major products/outputs (time
series);
 Distribution of manufacturing activities;
 Major source of raw materials/inputs and market destination;
 Extent of inter-industrial linkage; and,
 Potentials and challenges of the sector.

E. Micro and Small Enterprise (MSEs)

 Number of persons engaged (separated by sex) in MSE operation by sector
(cooperatively organized individuals)- time series data;
 Sources of raw materials;
 Major products/outputs;
 Extent of inter-sectional linkage;
 Available support institutions and types of support provided (credit and other technical
supports);
 Number of persons in waiting lists for MSEs,
 Potentials and challenges for MSE development.
F. Informal sector
 Type of informal activities being conducted in the town;
 Size of employment, amount of capital and sources of capital ;
 Spatial distribution of the informal activities;
 Major sources of input and major customers;
 existing linkage with the formal sector
 Intervention measures
 Major challenges of the sector.
G. Construction
 Number of ongoing construction activities and planned projects by type;
 Size and type of employment;
 Spatial distribution of the construction activities;
 Major sources of construction materials;
 Availability of local construction materials;
 Construction technologies employed (labor intensive or capital intensive); and
 Major challenges of the sector.

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H. Tourism
 List of tourist attraction sites;
 Time series data on number of tourists;
 Average stay of tourists;
 Tourist seasons;
 Availability of infrastructure for tourist attraction sites;
 Number of tourism related formal trade and service activities (tourist class catering
establishments, tour operators, tourist guides, production and sale of replicas of
traditional icons);
 Number and type of tourist oriented enterprises;
 Tourism promotion activities; and
 Potential tourist attraction sites.
I. Market Places
 Diversity of items traded;
 Presence of specialized market places (livestock, fuel wood, etc.);
 Availability of market related facilities (e.g. troughs in the case of livestock market,
shades, parking space for equines, trucks, etc); and,
 Origin of market attendants.
J. Urban Agriculture
 Type of agricultural activities (crop production, vegetables, fruits, dairy, bee, polutery,
etc.);
 Cultivated area of land (in hectare);
 Number of peoples engaged in this activity;
 Major consumers (marketing linkage);
 Type of support provided to the operators (credit, technical support, etc.); and,
 Opportunities and challenges.
 Economic and development of localities
 In terms of income
 In terms of utilities and infrastructure distribution
 In terms of housing condition

K. Municipal Capacity (Human, Material and Financial)

 Organizational structure, number of employees by educational level and profession,
vacant posts;
 Available vehicles, office equipments, machineries, and technical equipments;
 Total revenue by category (Time series);
 Total expenditure by category (Time series);

xlvi
  Amount of arrears (Time series);
 Major problems related to municipal finance; and,
 Opportunities and challenges.
L. Development status of localities

 Localities at development status(in terms of infrastructure, etc)

 Localities at intermediate status
 Localities at higher development status
NB. Depending on the nature of the study, sample survey could be conducted during data collection.

Activity 4: Collect Data on Physical and Topographic Aspects

A. Collect data on physiographic features of the project city/town

 Get base map of the project town with appropriate scale and conduct field
observation
 Get contour map of the project town
 Get data for location of the town:
 Absolute location,
 Relative location.
 Area and shape of the town
 Topography
 Altitude/elevation,
 Physical features
 Physical constraints

 Drainage system
 Type and condition of surface water drainage basins /catchments/,
 Expansion areas
B. Collect Climatic data of the project city/ town

 Temperature
 Daily extremes (maximum, minimum) and average,
 Monthly maximum, minimum and average, and
 Yearly maximum, minimum and average.
 Rainfall
 Daily extremes (maximum, minimum) and average;
 Monthly maximum, minimum and average, and
 Yearly maximum, minimum and average.
 Humidity
 Absolute /relative humidity
 Wind
 Wind direction, and

xlvii
  Wind speed.
 Collect data on the electric power system
 Asses and collect data on electric net work system (higher power
lines, allighnment, coverage, substations, transformers, source net
works).
 Collect data on power supply sources, system, service coverage,
electricity production, and consumption.
 Identify supply networks with their standard clearances;
 Identify the number of connections including the trench;
 Identify electric service power supply, network coverage and supply
system, distribution of substations by their installed capacity;
distribution network; number of meter connections;
C. Collect data on water supply
 Water production and consumption patterns;
 Number of meter connection;
 Water supply service coverage;
 Map existing water pipelines
D. Collect data on Telecom system
 Collect data on the type and coverage of telecom service
 Identify and locate telecom infrastructures, transmission station, towers, etc.
 Collect data on number of subscribed lines;
 Identify challenges and prospects of the service;
 Collect data about future requirements of the service
E. Collect data on postal services
 Collect data on the location, type, hierarchy and adequacy, challenges and
prospects of postal service;
 Hierarchy of service
 Location
 Type of service
 Challenges and prospects
F. Collect relevant information on various services of towns
 Collect data on General Market and Gulit/daily market/
 Get location map with appropriate scale
 Asses and collect data on Accessibility, Centrality, and Compatibility

xlviii
  Topography/slope;
 Size of space;
G. Collect data on Livestock Market
 Get location map with appropriate scale
 Location ( accessibility, compatibility)
 Topography
 Area/size
 Major flow direction (s) of livestock
H. Collect relevant data on Abattoir
 Get location map with appropriate scale
 Location ( Accessibility, Compatibility);
 Area/size
 Wind direction.
I. Collect relevant information on Religious centers and cemetery
 Get location map of the religious center sand cemeteries (Accessibility,
Compatibility) ;
 Aesthetic impact
 Area/size
 Number of followers of different religious groups
 Distribution of existing worship centers and cemeteries/grave-yards.
J. Collect relevant information on natural and man-made constraints for future
development of the project town.
 Identify and sketch natural constraints that are related to topography, like
excessively high and/or low gradient, watercourses and gullies, geological
hazards, and landslides.
 Identify and sketch man made constraints (substation and high tension lines,
airport, military camps, quarry (mining) sites, etc
Activity 5: Collect Data on Environmental Issue

 Solid waste

 Institutional arrangement;
 Types and nature of solid waste generated;
 Major sources of solid wastes;
 Methods of solid waste collection and transportation;

xlix
  Number of solid waste storage facilities, volume, spatial
 Employees solid waste management system (collection, storage, transportation
and disposal)
 Private sectors and associations engaged in solid waste management
 Available mechanism equipments for solid waste management
 Role of different actors (NGOs, informal sector, government, MSEs);
 Recycling ,reusing and composting mechanisms;
 Source and budget allocated for solid waste management;
 Inter-municipal cooperation for solid waste management;
 Condition of the existing disposal site
 Policy guidelines, strategies, rules, regulations and standards related to solid
waste management;
 Problems, opportunities and future plans and prospects
 Condition of hazardous waste generation in the city
 Liquid Wastes

 Institutional arrangement;
 Availability of toilet facilities by type (private, communal, public, mobile, etc)
 Mechanisms of collection, transportation, disposal, recycling, and treatment of
liquid waste;
 Roles of different actors (NGOs, MSEs, government);
 Type and volume of liquid waste generated by different sources;
 Condition of hazardous waste generation in the city
 Number of public toilets and their spatial distribution;
 source and budget allotted for liquid waste management;
 Inter-municipal cooperation on liquid waste management;
 Condition of the existing liquid waste disposal site
 Problems, opportunities, future plans and prospects
[

 Urban Greenery

 Institutional arrangement;
 Coverage of urban green area and parks by type;
 Distribution of green areas and parks ( including institutional ,individual,
neighborhood, etc)
 Location of green area (along medians, road side, etc);
 Ownership of green areas and parks;
l
  Accessibility and centrality of green areas and parks; and
 Availability of nursery sites
 Availability of urban forest and botanical garden.
 Availability of horticulture
 River side and Water side development

 Coverage of river side and water bodies

 Existing condition of river and water bodies(pollution level, sedimentation
,encroachment, etc)
 Catchment/water shade of water bodies
 Assess the impact of climate change on the city and its environs.
 Environmental pollution
 Air pollution
 Identify major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution
 outdoor

 Industrial
 Dust
 Vehicles
 Indoor

 Availability of kitchen facility

 Type of energy source and use
 Ventilation of housing

 Noise Pollution
 Identify Major sources of pollution (industries, institutions,
Transport, individual, etc)
 Aesthetic pollution
 Identify major sources (billboards ,fences, glazing, etc)
 Affected groups from the existing pollution

Activity 6. Collect Geological and Hydrological Data

 Get geological/ hydrological map at appropriate scales
 Geological Structure
 Collect data on the soil structure of data project area
 Mineral Resources Potential
 Natural Earth Construction Materials
 Water supply potential and alternative sources of water supply
 Problems associated with water quality;

li
  Identify opportunities, challenges and impacts of water supply;
 Domestic and non-domestic water demand and loss;
 Water Resources Potential (qualitative and quantitatively)

 Surface Water sources

 Groundwater (Hydrogeology)
 Geological Constraints /Hazards

 Seismicity
 Erosion, sedimentation and flooding, etc.
 Environmental risks
 Identifying sensitive environmental issues typical to the study town

 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Flooding
 Land degradation
 Landslide
 Earthquake
 Mapping areas under environmental degradation risks
 Extent of the problem
 Causes of the problem
 Affected groups.

Activity 7. Collect data on Transport and mobility

A. Collect data on the road system

 Identify use, condition, distribution, hierarchy and network system of

roads in the given city
 Undertake observation and note down problems associated with
streets and their network system
 Take note in terms of accessibility ,traffic density and on the condition
of existing road network system
 Assess and collect data on functionally important roads and non-
motorized transport network system
 Assess the trend of freight and passenger transportation system
 Identify cattle trekking and important trails for efficient circulation;
 Identify routes, and discuss the issue of interaction between origin and
destinations;
 Identify and collect data on multi-modal and mobility patterns

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 B. Collect data on transport network facilities

 Identify and note down existing conditions of various modes of

transport;
 Identify the problems and constraints for the development of the
transport sector;
 Conduct site survey and identify problems associated with location
and functional compatibility of the various modes of transportation -
railway service station, air port ,freight & bus terminals, LRT, BRT,
cycling, etc.
 Identify level of services, location, condition, distribution and length
of roads
 undertake site observation and note down problems associated
with streets and their network in the urban area
 Asses and collect data on functionality of important roads of non-
motorized mode of transport system.(pedestrian walkway ,bikeway
and animal drawn carts,etc)
 Identify growth trends of freight flow, passenger transport, and
locations of their respective terminals;
 Identify and collect data on trip generation patterns, origin and
destination
 Identify and note available mode of transport and multi-modal
transport and mobility patterns

C. Collect data on existing mode of transports and their problems

 Air, train and water

 Compatability of airport and its surrounding land use(if the city has
airport)
 Collect data on constraints of mobility
 Collect data on traffic management system

Activity 8. Collect Data Related to Drainage System

 Collect information on basin/watershed characteristics:
 Basin size/area, slope, shape- length, width, drainage density,
 Land use- agricultural and urban,

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  Surface and sub-surface geology,
 Depression storage information,
 Names of rivers, ridges, and other physical features,
 Related Past studies

 Collect information on open channel flow

 Channel system layout
 Channel shape, cross-section
 Channel slope, flow direction, outlet type and protection
 Channel type (natural channels- meandering, braided, straight)
 Flow resistance- vegetation, debris/ sedimentation, solid wastes,
blockages, etc
 Flow bypass information, maintenance and structural condition, ages
of system
 River bed and bank conditions, protection locations, dredging records,
flow characteristics, backwater information from receiving stream,
historical information on channel size, form or alignment changes,
land degradations, sand mining activities, assessments on alternative
routes, on site velocity estimations, upstream and downstream water
uses, existing structural and non structural programs
 The proposed road network plan
 Locations and drainage problems associated with utilities such as
water supply lines and telecom cables ,power supply line etc
 Related Past studies

 Collect information on storm drains/ pipe systems

 Inlet size and out let type, location. condition

 Backwater and submergence information
 Locations, sizes, slopes, and shapes of pipes
 Maintenance and structural condition
 Ground cover
 Flow bypass information
 Connectivity

liv
  Catch basins, manholes
 Overflows, blockages/ sedimentation, damages
 Ages of pipe line
 Related Past studies

 Collect information on hydrometeorology

 General rainfall characteristics, rainfall intensity records

 Water level and velocity records
 Stage-discharge rating curves
 Related Past studies

 Collect information on bridges and culverts

 Location, shape, dimensions of bridges and culverts
 Length with respect to roadway, type of construction material,
 Silt and drift accumulation, blockages
 Performance during past floods, scour indicated near the structure,
appurtenance structures, road conditions

 Collect information on flood problems/ damages:

 Stage-frequency curves
 Major flood events and dates of occurrences, traffic interruptions,
hazard to human life, land degradations, susceptibility to flooding
 Flood marks, historical damage information
 Existing (structural and non-structural) flood protection facilities, flood
protection walls, embankments/dikes/levees, diversions,
Measurements
 Situations in the future development/ expansion area
 Related Past studies

Activity 9. Collect data Urban Good Governance

Urban Good governance includes participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law

and security, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness.

I. Collect data on Participation

lv
  Collect data on the level of citizen and stakeholders participation during plan
preparation and implementation (from initiation-M & E).
 Collect data on the level of citizen participation on all development and
governance agendas of the city
 Collect data on the level of participation of women, youth , disadvantage
groups, marginalized groups, etc.
II. Collect data on level of transparency & accountability of city administration on the various
agendas of the city

 Collect data on corrective measures so far taken on past wrong doings and
mal management
 Collect data on the way and level of publicizing and regular reporting on
plans, reports, regulations and important development agendas of the city.
III. Collect data on rule of law

 Collect data on whether all the necessary regulation, laws, directive, etc. are
available.
 Collect data on how far the existing laws, regulation, standards, etc are
transparent and knowledgably translated in to practice by officials, experts
and the public.
 Collect data on the degree of enforcement of rule and regulation, standards,
etc.
IV. Collect data on proactiveness and responsiveness

 Proractivenss and responsiveness of the city administration to every public

agenda (development, political, economic, security, etc)
 Collect data on the level of responsiveness to individual and public issues in
a reasonable time frame
V. Collect data on efficiency and effectiveness

 Collect data on efficient utilization of resources

 Collect data on efficiency and cost effectiveness of projects
 Collect data on the sustainability of projects
 Collect data on the extent of public-private partnership with stakeholders
(PPP)

VI. Collect data on Equity and inclusiveness

 Collect data on the balanced development of the city

 Collect data on the inclusiveness of the disadvantages or marginalized
groups
 Collect data on gender inclusiveness in all development agendas

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  Collect data on the degree of inclusiveness in decision making of the various
stakeholders

NB.

 Data collection on governance issues should relay on written documents as well as

through consultative discussions and interviews with stakeholder, individual citizens,
municipal officials, municipal experts, sector offices, investors, disadvantage/affected
groups, etc. Moreover it is also important to observe and review the various
documents (minutes, performance audit reports, short term and long term plans of the
municipality, structure plan and associated repots, etc.)
 It is also worth noting that information gathered on governance issues should be cross
checked using various mechanisms so as to ensure its quality and reliability.
 During collection and analysis of data on governance issues pay due attention to
women, the youth, disadvantage groups, marginalized groups, etc.

Activity 10. Collect Data Related to Spatial Aspects

I. Collect data on land use
Using an appropriate scaled base maps conduct land use inventory in accordance with
major land use categories
Figure 8 Tip: The Nine major urban land use categories

1. Residence
2. Commerce, business and trade
3. Administration
4. Service
5. Manufacturing and storage
6. Transport
7. Recreational and environmental
8. Urban agriculture
9. Special function

NB.
 During collection of data get information on planned municipal projects that
will be implemented in the city such as roads, public services, bridges, etc.
 Private or public projects that may be undertaken during plan preparation
period should be incorporated in consultation with the planning team.

A. Conduct inventory on residential areas

 Identify pure residential areas;

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  Identify mixed residential areas (residence and other small business and trade
activities).
 Conduct site observation of general characteristics, location, distribution,
structure, and condition of existing residential areas and map this on an
appropriate scale map.
 Take notes on the main problems observed in residential areas
 Identify, locate and delineate ongoing housing project areas, expansion areas,
infill areas, low density areas, high density areas and highly deteriorated areas
 Identify existing housing typologies and make notes about their characteristics.
B. Conduct inventory on land under administration use

 Collect information on the location, distribution, size, accessibility and

compatibility, of:
 Government institutions (sector offices and local area
administration , police, correctional institutions, etc)
 Non-Governmental institutions/organizations (local, regional,
international, CBOs, Trade unions, etc)
 Conduct observation on the location, distribution, adequacy of
space, accessibility, etc. of the above land use functions and
take graphic and written notes.
C. Conduct inventory on Commerce, Business and Trade activities
 Commerce
 General/Open Market or weekly market
 Cattle Market
 Covered market and backstreet markets/ Gulits

 Conduct observation in relation to accessibility, compatibility,

centrality, sufficiency, etc. and take graphic and written notes.
 Business & Trade
 Hotels, Restaurants, Motels, Grocery, Cafeteria, Kiosk, Supermarket,
Barberry, fuel station, etc.
 Mall /Plaza, Star or tourist standard Hotels, Business centers, Hyper
Market, etc.
 Import-Export, Wholesale, Consultancy and company offices, etc.

 Financial institutions
 Bank, Insurance, Credit Associations, Micro Finance, etc.

 Conduct site observation on the general features and characteristics of

Commerce, Business and Trade activities, and take the necessary
graphic and written notes

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D. Conduct inventory on services
 Education
 Preschool (Kindergarten, Religious and Traditional)
 Schools & Institutions (Primary School, High School, Research &
Training Centers, Special need, TVET, University or College)
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. of educational facilities and take
graphic and written notes
 Health
 Health post, Health Center, Hospital, Specialized/Referral Hospital,
Veterinary
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. of Health facilities and take graphic and
written notes
 Municipal Services
 Slaughterhouse, Municipal Cemetery, Fire and emergency Service,
Solid waste disposal site, Liquid waste transfer stations, Liquid waste
disposal site, treatment plant.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition, etc. of Municipal Services and take graphic
and written notes
 Civic, Cultural & Welfare
 Library, Museum , Historical site & Building, multipurpose hall, etc;
 Religious, traditional & Public Festivity areas
 Youth center, Orphanage, People with disability centers etc.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. of Civic, Cultural & Welfare centers and
take graphic and written notes
 Religious institutions & Cemeteries
 Orthodox Church, Non-Orthodox Churches, Mosque, Others.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, appearances etc. of Religious institutions & Cemeteries and
take graphic and written notes
 Utility Services & Infrastructure
 Telecom service; Postal Office
 Electric power Office, sub-station, high and medium tension lines,
etc.
 Water supply Office, reservoirs, treatment plant, etc.
 Meteorology station/office
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. of Utility Services &Infrastructure and
take graphic and written notes

E. Conduct Inventory on Manufacturing and Storage

 Heavy Industry
 Canning, steel, cement, leather, heavy Building material production
(Hydrophone, ceramics, bricks, large prefabs etc.)
 Light Industry
 Light Building material production (HCB, pipes, small prefab, etc.)
Oil seeds ,Grain processing mills , Flour mills, etc

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  Warehouse
 Storage, silo, fuel depot, etc.
 Garage and workshops
 Garage, handicraft, cottage industries, Wood and Metal Works, etc.
 Industrial Treatment plant
 Industrial treatment plant, etc.

 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,

Location, Physical condition, their effect on mobility and aesthetic values
of the city, etc. of Manufacturing and Storage and take graphic and
written notes
F. Conduct inventory on Transport
 Terminals
 Bus , Light Rail Transport(LRT) ,Rail, Water and Air
 Intra-city terminal (Bus, Bus Rapid Tansport (BRT), LRT, etc.)
 Inter-city Terminal (Rail, Air, Bus, Lake & River port)
 Freight-Terminal (Dry Port, Freight, etc.)
 Parking
 Parking building
 Park and Ride
 Surface parking

 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,

Location, Physical condition, Centrality etc. of Parking and Terminals
and take graphic and written notes

 Road
Principal Arterial Street (PAS),Sub- Arterial Street(SAS), Boulevard

Street(BoS), Major Collector Road (CR1),
 Rail & Tram way
 LR , inter-city Rail, tram

 Conduct observation on hierarchical articulation, distribution,

spaces between streets and rail way systems, accessibility,
Network, Physical condition, paving materials, Extent of utilization
etc. of all streets, Rail and tram ways and take graphic and
written notes
 Conduct observation on the general features and characteristics
of Pedestrian and bikeways; cattle trekking and take written
notes

Figure 9: Tip other road categories that may be considered in preparation of Structure Plan

Depending on the significance of these roads, they can be cited or demonstrated

in the structure plan(SP)
 Minor Collector Road(CR2), Local Road(LR)
 Pedestrian and bikeways; and cattle trekking
NB: For further information refer to Urban Street Design Standard

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Conduct inventory on Recreational and Environmental areas

 Open spaces
 Play Lot, playground and Sport field ,
 Formal green
 Green areas, Parks, Botanical Garden, Zoo, Lake and River side
resort Centers, etc.
 Sport centers
 Gymnasium, Club, Circus, ground tennis, etc.
 Stadium
 Golf centers, Horse-riding fields, athletics centers, etc.

 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space,

accessibility, Location, Physical condition, Centrality, adverse
effect on the youth and people as a result of inadequacy etc. of
Recreational and take graphic and written notes
 Environmental
 Forest (manmade & natural)
 Buffer zones,
 Nursery sites
 Environmentally sensitive (Marshes, lakes, rivers, ground water
potential areas, etc.)

 Conduct observation on their distribution, general features and

characteristics; and take graphic and written notes

G. Conduct inventory on Urban Agriculture

 Animal Husbandry
 Breeding and fattening,
 Dairy products
 Poultry,
 Apiculture, fishery, etc

 Horticulture
 Vegetables and fruits
 Flower cutting
 Crops or Grazing

 Conduct observation on their general features and characteristics;

and take graphic and written notes

H. Conduct inventory on special function

 Zones of Restriction
 Crusher, Quarry sites, mining, mixing plant, reclaimed site, etc
 Military Camp, Aircraft approaching areas, etc.

 Zones of Protection

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  Geological hazardous areas (landslides, volcanic eruptions, rocky
areas, flood prone areas, etc.)
 Archaeological sites
 Conduct observation on their general features and
characteristics; and take graphic and written notes

Task 3.2.4: Data Compilation and Reconciliation

After collecting data, it has to be organized and compiled systematically for analysis. To this
effect the complexity of data will be reduced or condensed by organizing, classifying, encoding
and tabulating spatial and non-spatial data so as to organize the data in a suitable and
manageable manner. In order to do these, the following tasks will be performed:
 The variables of the data will be given code;
 Data entry will be made using SPAS, GIS and other software;
 Different tables, graphs, charts will be produced.
 Transcribing recorded interviews and focus group discussions and organize
them systematically.

Activity 1: Reconcile the data

 Verifying reliability, consistency and authenticity of data
 Reconcile data obtained from different sources on the same issue/topics,
through triangulation and different methodologies
Activity 2: Compile the data
The complex data may be reduced or condensed by organizing, classifying, tabulating and
presenting the data in a suitable form (graphically, diagrammatically, etc)
 Tally qualitative/quantitative information as required
 Aggregate similar and related data
 Tabulate the statistical data
 Present the data in the form of tables, charts, diagrams and graphs, etc;
 Organize appropriate maps/diagrams as required.
 Represent the major groups of urban functions with standard color
hatching.
 Illustrate each category of urban functions using appropriate legend.
 Identify data gaps
3.3. Major Deliverables
 Data Collection Formats
 Maps containing existing Physical and Spatial features

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  Compiled Socio-Economic, Physical, Geological, Environmental and Spatial data
analysis maps
 Reports
3.4. Responsible Body
 The project team
3.5. Time Requirement – 75 days

Phase 4. Data Analysis and Interpretation

4.1. Purpose

The purpose of data analysis is to abstract significant facts from the collected mass of data.
Various techniques of data analysis would be employed to extract meaningful fact from socio-
economic, physical, geological, environmental, and spatial data collected during data collection
phase. The analysis and interpretation leads to showing the impacts and implications of the
reality, potential problems, benefits or opportunities and threats thereof. This step will thus lead
to meaningful findings that are ready for recommendations and proposals

4.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 4.2.1: Determine tools for data analysis

Activity 1: Application of General and specific Analysis Tools
In order to abstract significant facts from the collected mass of quantitative and qualitative
data, the following methods of analysis shall be employed:
 Calculation of percentages, proportions, ratios, averages, etc.
 Trend analysis in case of time series data
 Comparison of figures at different periods and different places
 Comparison of figures with standards set at national and regional levels
 Projection of variables into the future using GIS,
 Extrapolation of past figures to estimate current and future figures
 Comparison of figures with standards set at national and regional levels
 Priority overview chart
 Problem census format

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  In addition to the above quantitative description of data, qualitative
descriptions shall also be made through various methods of qualitative data
analyses tools such as SPSS and GIS, etc software.

Task 4.2.2: Identify issues to be analyzed under each thematic area

Activity 1: Analyze data collected on linkages of influence areas
Activity 2: Analyze data collected in relation to historical and social development issues
Activity 3: Analyze data collected in relation to Economic Aspects
Activity 4: Analyze data collected in relation to Physical and Topographic Aspects
Activity 5: Analyze data collected in relation to Environmental Issue
Activity 6: Analyze data collected in relation to Geological and Hydrological Data
Activity 7: Analyze data collected in relation to Transport and mobility
Activity 8: Analyze data collected in relation to Spatial Aspects
Activity 9: Analyze data collected in relation to Urban Good Governance

Task 4.2.3: Data Interpretation

Activity 1: List facts and figures obtained as a result of data analysis

Activity2: Compare facts and figures with standards, previous figures, figures at national and
regional levels and with figures of towns/cities similar with the town/city under
study;
Activity3: Based on the comparison explain whether the facts and figures are better or worse
than the figures with which they are compared;
Activity 4: Explain what the figures and facts imply.

Task 4.2.4: Conduct SWOT Analysis

Activity 1: List out all strengths of the city

Activity 2: List out all weaknesses/shortcomings of the city
Activity 3: List out all opportunities /potentials of the city and its environs
Activity 4: List out all threats/challenges of the city
Activity 5: Write all the above findings in tabular format

Figure 10: TIP procedure for data interpretation

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 Data interpretation could be defined as giving a meaning to the data obtained through data analysis. It could also includ
expressing the implication of the analyzed data. The purpose of data interpretation is to identify whether the facts and figure
which are the output of the analysis indicate existing problems and potentials of the city for which plan is to be prepared.
Procedure for Data Interpretation
 List facts and figures obtained as a result of data analysis;
(Example student - section ratio for primary school = 1:120)
 Compare facts and figures with standards, previous figures, figures at national and regional level and
figures of town/cities similar with the town/city under study;
(Example the student – section ratio (1:120), Standard set by MOE on
Student – class room ratio = 1:50)
 Based on the comparison explain whether the facts and figures are better or worse than the figures
which they are compared;
(The student – class room ratio is extremely larger than the standard)
 Explain what better or worse figures and facts imply
(The student – class room ratio indicates high degree of overcrowding)

Task 4.2.4: Identification of Problems/planning issues

Activity1: Prepare steps for identification of planning issues

 List all planning issues( major and minor) identified at various discussion
forums
 Arrive at consensus through discussions with stakeholders regarding major
planning issues

Activity 2: Arrive at consensus with stakeholders regarding other minor (local based) issues
which will be addressed during the implementation of detail plans (NDPs)
Activity 3: Compare facts and figures in relation to trend analysis, standards, etc
Activity 4: Identify problems with significant gaps that have citywide implication
NB. Make detail analysis on the selected NDP sites in all thematic studies as per the NDP manual.
See also annex1 for details of contents to be analyzed under each thematic area.

Figure 11 TIP. Problem Prioritization by Scoring Method

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 Identification of planning issues could be reached through the following methods
 Consensus –the most preferable
 Scoring method
 Voting

To decide on city-wide priority issues, issue identification tools can help arrive at common agreement through
participatory, transparent and rational manner. This helps avoid from arriving at arbitrary decisions by opinions of
few leaders or influential groups.
Procedures to identify or select top priority issues by scoring technique
1. List all city- wide problems collected from sector offices, stakeholders’ discussions, etc.
2. Reach on consensus whether these problems are city- wide or not,
3. Form manageable size syndicate groups,
4. Distribute scoring card for each group,
5. Determine minimum and maximum scores which should be given to each issue (usually from 1-5)
6. Sum up all scores given for each issue by the syndicate groups and subsequently give ranks

Based on the ranks, select top priorities and rich at consensus by the Representative Forum

4.3. Major Deliverables

 Facts and figures extracted from all thematic areas, etc
 Identified problems and planning issues
 A consolidated Report on the Result of Analysis
4.4. Responsible Body
 The planning team
4.5. Time Requirement – 45 days
Phase 5: Setting Vision, Goals and Objective
2.6. Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to set vision, goals and objectives of the given city in consultation
with all stakeholders so as to direct attitudes and efforts towards the prescribed vision.

2.7. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 5.2.1: Formulation of vision

Vision could be defined as a statement of the desired long-term (10 years or more)
development aspiration of the given city based on opportunities and comparative advantages
related to its specific conditions. The purpose of setting vision is therefore to inspire, focus the
attention and thereby mobilize citizens’ and all stakeholders’ effort towards the attainment of
the desired interest in the foreseeable future.
Activity 1: Setting vision
 Set vision based on international, national and regional policies and strategies.

lxvi
  Consider opportunities, comparative advantages, resource potentials of the city
and its vicinity
 Consider challenges and problems of the city
 Make intense discussion and arrive at a consensus on the core issues
 Write vision statement (it should be short and explanatory )

Task 5.2.2.: Formulation of goals

Goals are broad objectives or general statements that are not easily quantified and measured.
For that reason, goals are translated in to measurable objectives that can be prioritized and
pursued.

Activity 1: Formulation of goals

 Formulate goals based on vision statement
 Sort out root /key terms from the vision statement
 Combine or synthesize interrelated or complementary key terms to formulate
goals

Task 5.2.3 Formulation of Objectives

Objectives are what a city wants to achieve during a specified period of time. The purpose of
setting objectives is to provide direction during the planning and implementation process.

Activity 1: Formulation of Objectives

 List out all priority issues
 List out minor/secondary issues to be addressed at local level
 Objectives should be phrased as solution of the stated problems (issues)
 Objectives should be achievable phase by phase depending on the resource of the
municipality
 Objectives should be SMART(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Reliable and Time
bounded)

2.8. Major Deliverables

Formulated:
 Vision Statement
 Goals
 Objectives to attain each goal

2.9. Responsible Body

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  The steering committee and public forum for setting vision
 The steering committee , technical committee and experts from the relevant sector
offices for setting goals and objectives

2.10. Time Requirement — 15 days

Figure 12: TIP Formulation of Vision Statement, Goal and Objective

 Vision should be a shared statement among stake holders

 It should reflect the aspiration of the citizen of the given city
 It should be short and explanatory

Eg. “Making the city economically vibrant, socially livable and environmentally sustainable”.
 Goal should be formulated based on the prescribed vision
 Objectives are derived from goals and should be SMART.
 There must be alignment between vision, goals and objectives

Phase 6: Preparation of Conceptual Framework

6.1. Purpose

The purpose of this phase is to prepare conceptual framework that consists of existing
built-up areas and future expansion directions, major land use categories or elements. This
conceptual framework plan provides a general framework as to how the land use plan is
eventually shaped.

6.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 6.2.1: Develop conceptual frameworks

Activity 1: Consider major planning issues of the city
Activity 2: Consider Planning principles and theories
Activity 3: Consider Built up areas and expansion directions
Activity 4: Consider integration /connectivity

Task 6.2.: Develop alternative scenarios

lxviii
Activity 1: Develop at least two different scenarios
Activity 2: List out justifications for the given scenarios
Activity 3: Based on the given justifications forward the one which is consider the best

Task 6.2.3: Conduct discussion with stakeholders and arrive at consensus

Activity 1: Discus with technical experts, Steering committee and Representative Forum
Activity 2: Arrive at consensus on the most preferred scenario
Activity 3: Incorporate ideas provided (as may be necessary) by stake holders into the concept
framework plan and finalize it.
6.3. Deliverables

 Draft conceptual framework maps at appropriate scales with explanatory text

 Final conceptual framework map with at an appropriate scale with explanatory text

6.4. Responsible body

 Planning team,
 Technical committee
 Steering committee

6.5. Time Requirement— 30 days

Figure 13 TIP. Some planning considerations in developing conceptual framework

 Vision development
 Natural feature of the town
 Consider balanced development through center & sub-centre approach
 Integration or networking
 Expansion direction
 Compact development
 Green development
 Consider future development perspective/ comparative advantage of the city
 Change the various barriers ( manmade & natural) to appropriate land use functions:
 Equitable distribution of urban services
 Proper exploitation of existing natural gifts

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Phase 7: Preparation of Proposals
7.1. Purpose

The purpose of this phase is to prepare proposals for the desired planning period in
terms of land use and associated development plans based on analyses made on the
various studies of the given city and its influence areas.

7.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 7.2.1.: Preparation of inputs

Regarding this task, all respective experts should give the necessary inputs to the
spatial planner based on their analysis works.

Activity 1: Propose Spatial Inputs on Social and historical Development Issues

 Propose the number of housing units required during the planning period
 Propose the number of schools required during the planning period
 Propose the number of health institutions required during the planning
period
 Propose the number of recreational facilities required during the planning
period
 Propose the number of worship places and cemeteries required during the
planning period

lxx
  Propose facilities related to social problems (crime, unemployment,
streetizm, etc) which require space
 Indicate sites to be preserved and protected;
 Indicate sites for tourism development;
[

Activity2: Propose Spatial Inputs on Local Economic Development

 Propose markets and storage facilities required during the planning period;
 Propose agro processing plants for which sites have to be reserved in the
structure plan;
 Propose trade and service establishments which would be created during
the planning period;
 Propose the amount of space required for MSE and manufacturing
activities
 Propose the required land for informal sectors (petty business)
 Propose the required space for urban agricultural activities.
Activity 3: Propose Spatial Inputs on Physical, Environmental and Geological Issues
 Propose the location of markets(general and cattle)
 Propose abattoir and waste disposal sites required during the planning
period
 Indicate environmentally sensitive areas
 Indicate geologically and environmentally hazardous areas
 Propose urban green areas, Parks, ritual centers, etc.
 Indicate manmade and natural constraints
 Indicate quarry sites and sources of construction materials
Activity 4: Propose Spatial Inputs on Transport and utility facilities
 Propose bus and freight terminals required during the planning period
 Propose airport, railway terminal, river and lake ports, dry ports, etc.
 Propose water supply facilities ( supply network system, reservoirs, water
taping points, fire hydrant, fountains, etc)
 Provide inputs on modes of transport and related facilities
 Propose drainage network and associated facilities
 Propose sewer network lines
 Propose telecom network system and associated facilities.
 Propose power supply network system and associated facilities.
Activity 5: Propose Governance issues

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  Propose public and stakeholders participation during plan preparation and
implementation
 Propose participation of affected and disadvantage groups during plan
preparation and implementation
 Recommend awareness creation works on legal frame works, rules and
regulation, manuals, etc. to all stakeholders
 Propose efficient and effective utilization of resources
 Propose interactive public-private partnership (PPP) during the planning
period
 Note for proper enforcement of laws, rules and regulations;
 Note for proper publicity of plans, rules and regulation, etc to the
stakeholders.
 Note the responsiveness of the municipality on private and public issues
 Propose balanced and equitable development of the city

NB
 All proposals should have harmony and consistency among the various thematic
studies;
 All proposals shall be submitted to the spatial planner through submission format.

Task 7.2.2: Preparation of draft Land Use proposals

Activity 1: Collect and compile proposals forwarded from various thematic studies
Activity 2: Estimate the land use budget for the planning period
Activity 3: Delineate the actual planning boundary of the city based on the concept
framework
Activity 4: Allocate major land use functions
Activity 5: Prepare major road net work frame

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Figure 14: TIP. Road Classsification

lxxiii
 Naming, Functional classification and Catchment areas of streets.
Category English Amharic Abbreviation Function Coverage Remark
Name Name
1 Express Yefitnet ExW Trans- Inter- Ager
way Menged regional city/regional Akuarach
2 Principal Awra PAS Transfer City level Andegna
Arterial Godana Menged
Street

3 Sub Godana SAS Distribution Half and Huletegna

Arterial quarter city Menged
Street

4 Collector Sebsabi CS Collection Neighborhood Sostegna

Street Menged Menged

5 Local Yesefer LS Access Block and Arategna

Street Menegd cluster level Menged
Access
Street

Right - of-way (RoW) and spacing of Streets

No Category of RoW or Spacing between Remark
streets width (mt) same category of
streets (Km)
1 ExW 60 -120 -------
2 PAS 40 - 59 1.2-1.5
3 SAS 30 -39 0.75 -1.2
4 CS 20 - 29 0.25-0.5
5 LS 8 - 19 0.06-0.20 8 mt width or in some cases even
below that could be applicable in
some built up areas of the city.

NB

In the Structure plan the first four categories of roads must be incorporated in the map but in
some selected quarters, particularly in dense built up areas, the fifth category of road could
also be shown. On the other hand all the road hierarchies (all available roads) should clearly
be depicted on NDP maps.

Activity 6: Prepare Green Network Plan

 Propose major green spaces

 Create connectivity through roadside, median and buffer (river and lake,
high-tension line, landside, etc.)

lxxiv
  Finalize the draft Green Network Plan using colors, codes, etc

Activity 7: Prepare Storm Water Drainage Proposal

 Classify the water catchment basins based on land use plan and Road
Networks
 Calculate the volume of runoff in different parts of the city.
 Determine flow direction of drainage channels
 Finalize draft proposal of drainage plan

Activity 8: Prepare Draft Utility Proposals (Telecom, power, Sewer, Water Supply, Traffic

Light, etc)

 Harmonize utility net work plans with the land use plan
 Finalize the proposed net work plans of each utility line.

Activity 9: Prepare Draft Transport and Mobility Plans

 Identify and propose the various modes of transports of the city.

 Prepare detail maps for each modes of transport.
 Map associated transport facilities (terminals, parking spaces, transit
stations, etc)
 Finalize the draft plans of each transport mode.

Activity 10: Check the proposed land use and road networks against standards and
planning principles (shape, compatibility, balanced development, etc.)
Activity 11: Make adjustments, as deemed necessary, on distribution of services and
other land use functions
Activity 12: Check the draft land use plan for its harmony and compatibility

Task7. 2. 3.: Discussion on the draft proposals (graphics and reports)

Activity 1: Conduct in-house discussion among team members

Activity 2: Present the draft to the technical committee
Activity 3: Present the draft to the steering committee
Activity 4: Present the draft to the Representative forum
Activity 5: Arrive at consensus

Task 7.2.4: Finalizing the proposal based on input gained from stakeholders

Activity 1: consider all inputs gathered from different discussion forums

Activity 2: Finalize the proposal

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 Figure 15: Tip. Considerations to be made during Stakeholders Participation

NB:
 All discussion forums that should be conducted at various stages of the planning process shall be recorded in
minute format along with names and signatures of attendants. Moreover, it should also be recorded using video
recordings or through photographing.
 Remember that public and stakeholder participation should be made at each phase of the planning process.

7.3. Deliverables
 Inputs/ proposals on the existing and future requirements from various thematic
studies
 Draft spatial proposals

 Land use  Centrality maps

 road network  Urban design in
 Drainage and NDP sites
utility line/maps  Height regulation
 Transport and maps
mobility maps  Maps for
 Green network environmentally
maps sensitive areas,
 NDP and special function
Intervention maps areas, etc.

 Finalized Proposals(reports and graphic documents)

7.4. Responsible body
 Planning team
 Technical committee
 Steering Committee
 Public forum
7.5. Time Requirement — 60 days

Figure 16: TIP. Steps for determination of future land use budget

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 Steps for the determination of future land use budget
1. Acquire the proposed house hold units required during the planning period
2. Acquire the proposed municipal services, social services, administration services, commercial activities,
manufacturing and storage, etc. required during the planning period
3. Obtain average plot size to be delivered to housing unit based on the regional land administration policy.
4. Allocate land for the various land use functions based on established norms and standards.
5. Calculate the aggregate land required during the planning period.
6. Add 10% contingency

Figure 17: TIP. Land use proportion for various functions as per the Urban Planning and
Implementation Strategy
Land Use Proportion of 30, 30 , 40
% Codes Components Remark
 T-1, T-2, T-3,  Terminals, Dry ports,  Street based green areas and
All roads, T-4 Parking, related amenities, and utility lines
Road and associated 30  PAS, SAS, BoS, CR1, CR2, are accommodated in the right of
infrastructures LR, way.

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  Trail & Tram way
 Pedestrian and bikeways.
 Open spaces, Formal green,  Land uses that are designated for
 RE-1, RE-2, Sport centers, all sort of greenery and any
RE-3, RE-4  Environmental organization/institutions having
 S-32, S-42, S-5,  Institutions based sport any type of green/open space
Green areas & Public 30  A-2 facilities, Festivity areas, within its premises such as
Spaces  SF-12, SF-14, Religious institutions & educational and health facilities.
Cemeteries,  Green areas in High density &
 Horticulture special residential areas
 R-1, R-2, R-3,  Residential,
R-4,  Government Institution,  Except for Educational and Health
 AD-1, AD-2, AD- International Organization & facilities for the rest of the land
3 NGOs, unions, CBOs and uses it has been assumed that
 CO-1, CO-2, parties proportion of green areas can be
CO-3  Commerce, Business & trade, calculated in relation to the
 M-1, M-2 , M-3, Financial Institutions. concept of BAR.
Built-up areas 40 M-4, M-5, M-6,  Education, Health,  For Aircraft approaching area, it
 S-1, S-2, S-31, Slaughterhouse, Fire and depends on the situation or
S-33, S-34, S- emergency, solid waste location. Either it could be in
35, S-36, S-41, disposal site, Liquid waste green areas or built up areas
S-43, S-44, S-6, transfer station, Liquid waste
 A-1, disposal site/treatment plant,
 SF-13, S-15 Library, museum, historical
site & Building, multipurpose
hall , Youth center,
Orphanage, handicap centers,
Utility services &
Infrastructure,
 Manufacturing,
 Animal husbandry,
 Military camp,

Figure 18. TIP Ratio of land for Building and Construction Category (40%)

Remark
Land use components Proportion in percent
(Out of the total 40%)

 Residence 50-60% (20-24/40)

 Pure……………………… (60 -70%)…………… Out of the residential housing
 Mixed…………………… (30 - 40%)…………… proportion
 Business & commerce …….. 15-20% (6-8/40)
 Social & municipal services… 10-15% (4-6/40)
 Manufacturing & storage……… 5-10 (2- 4/40)

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 Administration……………… 5 -7 % (2-2.8/40)
 Urban agriculture………… 1-3% (0.4 -1.2/40)
 Special functions………… 1-2% (0.4 - 0.8/40)

NB: The proportion in the percentage is out of the total 40% of land allocated for construction
purpose. In this regard, the Residential land use function, for example, will comprise of
50-60% of the total land use category allocated in the Urban Plan Preparation and
Implementation Strategy document. In other words this proportion is meant that it is
about half of (20-24 %) the total land use category which is 40%.

Phase 8: Preparation of Implementation Strategy

8.1. Purpose

This phase is aimed at providing a general direction and mechanism of implementation

of the proposed structure plan during the planning period.

8.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 8.2.1: Categorize major planning issues on the priority basis

Activity 1: Putting all priority issues in order of implementation schedule

Activity 2: Estimate implementation budget for each priority issue
Activity 3: Assign responsible body for implementation
Activity 4: Write up project implementation guiding framework for the above stated
planning issues

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 Task 8.2.2: Identify NDP areas to be considered during the planning period

Acticity 1: Identify NDP intervention areas to be undertaken during the planning period
Acticity 2: Schedule implementation period
Acticity 3: Estimate implementation budget for each NDP site
Acticity 4: Assign responsible body for implementation
Acticity 5: Write up project implementation guiding framework for all NDPs

Figure 19: TIP. NDP Selection Reasons

NDP site will be selected based on the following reasons

1. To renew or upgrade dilapidated sites of the city
2. To develop major investment attraction sites
3. To develop mega projects on a given site (university, industry parks, etc.)
4. NDP could be initiated by individual developer, a municipality or any government body.
5. During the selection and implementation of NPD projects intense discussion and participa
stakeholders is necessary.

Task 8.2.3: Asses municipal capacity in terms of finance, institutional set up,
machinery and equipments
Activity 1: Asses financial capacity of the municipality for implementing the above
stated priority issues and NDP sites
Activity 2: Asses institutional capability of the city administration vis-a-vis
implementation of all the above projects of the city
Activity 3: Asses the necessary resource capacity of the municipality
[[

Activity4: Asses all possible internal and external source of support to be gained for the
implementation of all the above stated projects
Activivty 5: Propose means of upholding or upgrading municipal capacity in order to
implement all the above stated projects during planning period

Task 8.2.4: Write up consolidated implementation schedule of Projects

Activity 1: Write up consolidated project Schedule

Activity 2: Write up consolidated project report to be endorsed by the city council

8.3. Major Deliverables

 Consolidated implementation strategy documents
 NDP and intervention documents

8.4. Responsible body

 Planning team with particular emphasis to Economist
 Steering committee, public forum, and technical team and community members

8.5. Time Requirement - 30 days

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 Identified/ Prioritized Mesurement of Prioritized Estimated Implementation Source of Implementin
Issues Issues Project cost in Period (phase) Finance Body
Birr (000)
No. Length Area phase quqrter
1 Land fill 1 ---- 10 ha. 50,000 2nd 1st 1,5 5
2 Cobble stone Road 5 3000 mt. ----- 80,000 1st 1st 1,5,6,7, 2
3 Drainage line --- 1000 mt. ----- ------ 3rd 2nd 1, 7 2
4 NDP/Intervention 4 ---- 150 ha. 2,000,000 1st - 4th 1st - 4th 1, 2,3,5,6,7 1,4,3
sites
Total 5 4000 mt. 170 ha. 2,130,000 1st – 4th ----- ------- -----

Figure 20: TIP. Consolidated table of project implementation strategy for city X during plan Preparation period

Code for source of Finance Code for Implementing Body

1. Municipal Revenue 1. Municipality
2. Zonal administration 2. Road and Transport Bureau
[Link] administration [Link] community
4. Wereda administration 4. NGo
5. Federal government 5. Waste Management Agency
6. NGO
7. The community
8. Other

NB. The implementation period is cascaded into 4 phases each of which is further cascaded into quarters.

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lxxxii
Phase 9: Plan Approval and Publicity

9.1 Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to approve all the proposed plans that have been
developed through intense discussion and evaluation by the various stakeholders at
different phases. It is a process of making the plan a legal document through
approval by the city council or the highest governing body of the given city/town.

9.2 Major Tasks and Activities

Task 9.2.1: Undertake appraisals
[[

Activity 1: Prepare summary report to be distributed to the approving body ahead of

time
Activity 2: Make presentation to the approving body based on the summary report
Activity 3: Reach at consensus on the planning documents
NB. All the plan documents should rigorously be checked by the technical and steering
committees before approval.

Task 9.2.2: Undertake approval

Activity 1: Print out and bind all the necessary graphic and written reports for
approval
Activity 2: Make approval by putting the signature and seal of the approving body.

Figure 21: TIP Submission of plan documents

1. All approved graphic documents and reports should be registered and be handed over to the responsible body u
standard submission/hand over format
2. Costs should clearly post on each of the documents.
3. Whenever experts or individuals borrow the documents, they have to be registered along with the respective co
each document.

Task 9.2.3: Publicize the approved plan

Activity 1: Create awareness among the public using available media
Activity 2: Display the approved plan on a billboard
Activity 3: Disseminate the approved plan to the public using various forms of
printed media.

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 Figure 22: TIP Publicity of approved plans

9.3 1. Publicize the approved plans using different various medias

 Radio
 TV
 Printed media
 websites
 News papers, etc.
2. Post the land use map on a billboard in front of the municipality or any public spaces.
3. Disseminate summarized information about the plan to the public, organizations or any person in need of
that through broachers, leaflets, etc.
4. Put all plan documents in libraries and documentation center.

Major Deliverables/ Outputs

 An approved structure plan with its supporting documents (graphic and
written reports) for implementation

9.4 Responsible Body

 City council

9.5 Time Requirement – 20 days

NB.
 The overall days required for the preparation of the Structure Plan along
with two NDPs are – 365 days

 Regarding public and stakeholder participation, at least one to three days

(depending on the nature of the phase) should be dedicated for such
consultative discussions at each planning phase.

Figure 23: TIP average Cascaded Time Frame for Structure Plan Preparation

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No. Planning Phases and Tasks Allocated days
1 Planning & Initiation 30
 Task 1. initiation 7
 Task 2. Planning the project 8
 Task 3. preparation of ToR 15
2 Base map updating/ Preparation 60
 Task 1. Reconnaissance mission 10
 Task 2. identification of Technology 10
 Task 3. Preparation of Base map 30
 Task 4. Cartographic production 10
3 Data collection & Compilation 75
 Task 1. Determining tools 10
 Task 2. Data collection at influence area 25
 Task 3. Data collection at urban level 30
 Task 4. Compilation & Reconciliation 10
4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 45
 Task 1. Determine tools 5
 Task 2. identify issues to be analyzed 10
 Task 3. Interpretation 25
 Task 4. identification of problems 5
5 Setting Vision, Goals and Objective 15
 Task 1. Formulation of vision 5
 Task 2. Formulation of goals 5
 Task 3. Formulation of objectives 5
6 Preparation of Conceptual Framework 30
 Task 1. Develop conceptual framework 15
 Task 2. Develop alternative scenarios 10
 Task 3. Arrive at consensus 5
7 Preparation of Proposals 60
 Task 1. Preparation of inputs 10
 Task 2. Preparation of draft land use proposals 30
 Task 3. discussion on the draft proposals 10
 Task 4. Finalizing the proposal 10
8 Preparation of Implementation Strategy 30
 Task 1. categorize major planning issues 6
 Task 2. identify all NDP areas 7
 Task 3. Assess Municipal capacity 7
 Task 4. write up consolidated project schedule 10
9 Plan Approval and Publicity 20
 Task 1. undertake appraisal 8
 Task 2. undertake approval 5
 Task 3. publicize the approved plan 7
Total days 365
NB. The given time frame could be modified depending on the complexity and spatial

lxxxv
 scale of the city. Accordingly time extension up to a maximum of three months is
possible.

Phase 10: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1. Purpose

The purpose of Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation is:

 To prepare detailed action plan and thereby proceed into practical implementation
activity.
 To get informed about the status of the Structure plan preparation and implementation
processes to make informed decisions
 To check if proposals, principles, norms & standards, urban planning laws/ regional
regulations are working appropriately;
 To identify problems of the implementation of urban plans
 To identify impacts of the plan preparation and implementation, whether urban
planning has improved (or undermined) the quality of life and wellbeing of the city’s
residents, whether it has enhanced sustainability, or achieved related goals and
objectives.
 To design corrective measures to be taken for enhancing the implementation of
ongoing plans/projects and improving the preparation of new plans/ projects,

10.2. Major Tasks and Activities

Task 10.2.1: Set Implementation schedule of the proposed plan

Activity 1: Considering the implementation strategy document prepare a long term (ten year)
Implementation schedule
Activity 2: Cascade the long term plan into medium term schedule
Activity 3: Prepare short term implementation schedule (Action plan)
Activity 4: Proceed into implementation as per the given action plan
Activity 5: Review implementation schedules as deemed necessary
Task 10.2.2: Preparatory work for monitoring and evaluation
Activity 1: Set annual schedule for conducting Monitoring and Evaluation
Activity 2: Prepare the necessary checklists and formats
Activity 3: Organize the necessary Logistics and finance
Activity 4: Have synthesized Evaluation document of the past
Task 10.2.3: Conduct monitoring and evaluation as per the schedule

Activity 1: Undertake monitoring and evaluation

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 Activity 2: Evaluate performance against established regulations, standards, etc

Task 10.2.4: Feedback and Reporting

Activity 1: Make analysis based on evaluations

Activity 2: Write up Reports
Activity 3: Provide feedbacks and reports to concerned bodies
• Ensure participation of the community
• get feedbacks from monitoring and evaluation body as an input during the Planning process
• Include representatives from stakeholders during monitoring and evaluation process
• Prepare project implementation and accomplishment report.
• Undertake post project evaluation (fulfillment of objectives, level of success in reaching the target
population, economic and environmental impacts, etc)
• Incorporate feedbacks of the planning and implementation process
• Monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken quarterly, bi-annually and annually.

• There must be regular reporting and feedback system to all stakeholders (city administration,
woreda administration, zonal bureau, Regional bureau, etc)

10.3: Deliverables/ Outputs

 Evaluation checklists
 Evaluation Reports
 Feedback reports
10.4: Responsible Body
 Municipal/city Administration
 Zonal Planning Institute
 Regional planning Institute
 Urban Development & housing bureaus/Offices
 Wereda Administration
Figure 24: Tip. Some considerations before commencement of implementation

lxxxvii
1. Organize the implementing institute in terms of the necessary manpower, finance and logistics
before the commencement of the task
2. Give orientations and trainings to experts , municipal officials and stakeholders on the
implementation process
 Consider all available standards, rules and regulations of the Federal or the regional
governments
3. Clearly state the roles and responsibilities of all actors/stakeholders
4. Make regular follow ups and provide feedbacks and solutions to problems accordingly

Figure 25: TIP. The following is main points that should be considered in monitoring and evaluation

lxxxviii
10.5: Time Frame: Throughout Plan Implementation period.

lxxxix
PART FOUR

4. Capacity Requirements

For effective and efficient undertaking of urban plan preparation and implementation, the
necessary institutional arrangement should be made. To this effect the institutional set up
should comprise of manpower, financial as well as equipment and logistical organization.
Thus, the following organizational arrangements should be considered.

4.1 Institutional Arrangement

The following institutional arrangement is necessary to effectively undertake of the various

tasks and activities described in this manual. But it is also worth noting that institutional
organizations could be set up depending on the financial and manpower and other resources of
the given context.
1. Planning team
2. Surveying crew and map preparation team
3. Monitoring and Evaluation team
4. Support Providing team

4.2 Manpower Requirement

The man power requirement listed below is a full-fledged professional composition of an urban
planning team that could effectively undertake the task of Structure Plan preparation.

A. Planning Team

1. Urban Planner: - spatial planning

2. Architect:- urban design
3. Geographer:-Physical planning
4. Environmentalist:- Environmental studies
5. Historian/ Anthropologist/Archaeologist:- History, cultural and tourism study
6. Sociologist/Demographer:- Demographic and sociological studies
7. Economist: Economic study
8. Geologist/hydrologist:- Geological and hydrological study
9. Civil Engineer/Sanitary Engineer :- Infrastructure and utilities Planning
10. Transport and mobility planner:- Transport and mobility planning
11. Urban management:- governance issues and Municipal Capacity Study

B. Surveying and cartographic crew

xc
 1. Senior GIS & Remote Sensing:- Surveying, Base Map Preparation and Verification
2. Senior Surveyor:- Surveying & Base map preparation and and Verification
3. Junior Surveyor: Surveying & base map Preparation
4. Auto Cad and GIS expert:- Map Production

C. Monitoring and evaluation team

The professional mix to undertake the task of monitoring and evaluation of the structure plan of
a given urban centre should consist of the following experts:
1. Spatial Planner/architect
2. Physical Planner
3. Socio-economist (Economist/sociologist)
4. GIS & remote sensing/ surveyor
5. Urban management

NB. Some studies could be undertaken interchangeably in the absence of the right
professional. For example:
 Geographer/environmentalist
 Sociologist/demographer
 Historian /archeologist/ anthropologist
 Urban management/social anthropologist
 Geologist/hydrologist
 Civil Engineer/Sanitary Engineer
 Transport planner/geographer
 Economist/regional Planner

D. Support providing crew

1. Secretary
2. Finance expert
3. Logistics expert
4. ICT and documentation expert
5. Data collectors (as deemed necessary)

4.3 Logistics, Information Technology and Finance Requirement

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As far as logistics and financial requirements are concerned it can be arranged based on the
institutional organization of the given planning institute or organization. Thus, this could serve
merely as hint or direction for any planning institute, unit or private firm.

1. Vehicles:- pickups and land cruisers

2. Surveying equipments: Total Station, Hand GPS, Differential GPS, etc.
3. Computers of high capacity : Desktops and Laptops
4. Software: Auto CAD, Arci-CAD, SPAS, etc.
5. Satellite Imageries of cities/towns under consideration
6. Offices with associated furniture and facilities
7. Plotters, printers, scanners and photocopiers
8. Internet service: fixed as well as wireless
9. server
10. Stationary materials
11. Allocation of the necessary budget

PART FIVE

5. Miscellaneous Provisions

a. Effective Date

This revised manual will be effective after it has been signed by the Ministry of Urban
Development and Housing

b. Review of the Manual

This revised manual is to be revised in line with the urban dynamism to be observed and If the
the concerned body required to revise it

xcii
 c. Approval

Ministry of Urban Development and Housing

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 ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: Issues of the Various Thematic Studies to be analyzed

Activity 1 Identify issues to be analyzed under Historical and Social Development Issues

A. Analyze historical, cultural, and natural heritages of the city that need be given attention
during the planning process

 Identify the natural, historical , cultural or ethnographic heritages of the city

 The level of significance of heritages (international, national or local)
 Their state of condition (including measures taken to preserve them, if any),
 Their significance to the given city in terms of economic, social, cultural or religious
values.

B. Analyze tourist potentials of the city and its environs

 Nature of tourism
 The sole means of attractions
 Level and nature of service provision
 Tourism attraction and potential sites
 natural or man-made
 Their location
 Level of their attractions
 Level of significance,
 Their condition.

C. Look at issues that help promote the tourist industry of the city.
 The need for various tourist facilities
 Standard hotels
 Cultural centers
 Other tourist promotion facilities

D. Identify major Planning Issues

 Heritages that need preservation in and around the city
 Issues related with the development of historical, cultural and heritage
 Issues that help promote tourism in and around the given city.
E. Analyze and project demographic data

 Sex Ratio at Birth and General Sex Ratio;

 Distribution of the population by broad age group (0-14, 15-64 and 65 and
above);
 Dependency Ratio (Young, Old and Over all Dependency Ratio);
 Distribution of the population by Ethnic group;
 Distribution of the population by Religious group;
 Fertility rate of the town under study (Crude Birth Rate, Total fertility rate) ;

xciv
  Mortality rate of the town under study (Crude Death Rate, Infant mortality
(IMR), Expectation of life (e0));
 Migration status of the population (proportion of immigrants and out migrants);
 The average annual growth rate of the population of the town; and,
 Based on the observed trend of the average annual growth rate, project the
future population size of the town
F. Analyze and project of data on Educational service

 Gross Enrollment and Net Enrollment Ratios;

 Compute Repetition and Dropout Rates ;
 Compute Pupil-Section Ratio;
 Compute Percentage of Qualified Teachers;
 Compute Student Teacher Ratio;
 Examine Trend of Enrollment;
 Calculate proportion and trend of enrollment from outside of the town;
 Assess the Facilities and physical condition of school.
G. C. Analyze and project Health Service

 population-health institution ratio;

 population-health personnel ratio;
 Compute population-bed ratio;
 Calculate proportion and trend of patients from outside of the town;
 service delivery system; and,
 Problems related to the health service.

H. Analyze and project Housing

 Calculate average household size ;

 household-housing unit ratio;
 Compute average number of person per room and housing unit;
 Analyze the trend in the number of housing units and households during the
past years;
 Assess the percentage distribution of housing units by tenure, type of
construction materials and physical condition; and,
 Assess housing facilities (such as toilet, bathing facility, etc.).

I. Analyze and project Sport and Recreational Facilities

 Assess the availability, adequacy and distribution of sport and recreational

facilities;
 Recommend the type of facilities that are required currently as well as during
the planning period; and,
 Explain the consequence or impact of unavailability of these facilities on the
urban youth.

xcv
 J. Analysis of data on Worship and cemetery

 Demand for worship places;

 Demand for cemeteries
 Compatibility of worship places
 Municipal cemeteries

K. Analysis of data related to social problems

 prevalence or annual incidence rates of the problem (crime , Streetism,

commercial sex workers, beggary, drag/alcohol addiction, juvenile
delinquency, rape old age problems, etc )
 Estimation of future trends/prospects;
 Analysis of causes and effect relationships; and,
 Intervention for provision of service requirements.

Activity 2 Identify issues to be analyzed under Economic Development Issues

A. Analyze and project the rural economy (Influence Area)

 Average agricultural land holding,

 Proportion of cultivated land, cultivable land, grazing land and land covered by
forest out of the total land use.
 Analyze trend in proportion of cultivated land, cultivable land, grazing land and
land covered by forest out of the total land use.
 Amount of irrigable land and percentage of irrigated land out of the total
irrigable land
 Analyze trend in amount of irrigable land and percentage of irrigated land out
of the total irrigable land
 Proportion of crop produced by type out of the total crop produced
 Crop productivity (amount in quintal per hectare) by type of crops
 Analyze trend in amount of crop produced and crop productivity
 Identification of the dominant crop and crop with high level of productivity
 Proportion of livestock population by type out of the total livestock
 Livestock productivity by type
 Analyze trend in amount of livestock population and livestock productivity
 Identification of the dominant livestock type and livestock with high level of
productivity
 Compare crop and livestock productivity with standards and situation at
regional and national level

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Based on the comparison determine whether figures obtained as a result of the analysis such
as average land holding, crop productivity, livestock productivity, etc. in the influence area are
significant or not

B. Analyze and project the urban economy

 Analyze trend in unemployment

 Analyze trend in proportion of trade establishments by type and employment created
 Identification of the dominant trade establishments
 Analyze trend in proportion of trade licenses issued, renewed or returned;
 Analyze trend in number of approved projects by sector (agriculture, industry,
services etc);
 Analyze trend in employment created and capital invested by approved projects;
 Identify the dominant type of projects
 Analyze trend in proportion of manufacturing by type and employment created
 Analyze trend in number in MSE by type and identify the dominant MSE;
 Analyze trend in number of persons engaged (separated by sex) in MSE operation
by sector (cooperatively organized individuals);
 Analyze trend in number of informal activities being conducted in the town and
identify the dominant type of informal activities;
 Analyze trend in size of employment and amount of capital of the informal sector
 Trend in the size of land cultivated in the town
 Proportion of crop produced by type out of the total crop produced in the town
 Crop productivity (amount in quintal per hectare) by type of crops in the town
 Proportion of livestock population by type out of the total livestock reared in the town
 Livestock productivity by type

C. Analyze and project Municipal finance

 Analyze trend in the total revenue by Category
 Identify the dominant and the poor source of revenue
 Calculate collection efficiency
 Analyze trend in the total expenditure by category;
 Identify the dominant item of expenditure
 Analyze trend in amount of arrears
 Compare the urban economy with standards and situation at regional and national
level

xcvii
  Based on the comparison determine whether figures obtained as a result of the
analysis of the urban economy such as proportion of the trade sector, service sector,
manufacturing, unemployment, etc. in the town are significant or not.
D. Municipal capacity on (human and material)
 Human resource
 Equipment and machineries
 Organizational structure

Activity 3 Identify issues to be analyzed under physical issues

 Calculate/measure the area of the study region/ influence area;
 Estimate population density of the influence region/ area;
 Calculate urbanization rate and compare with the national and regional, and zonal
levels,
 Calculate crude population density, Agricultural density, Physiological density
 Conduct slope and shape analysis
 Calculate compaction/compactness index
 Estimate mean daily temperature, mean monthly temperature, mean annual
temperature, annual rainfall, mean annual rainfall
 Identify constraints and determine future urban expansion direction
 Analyze the telecom, water and electric service of the city
 Compare figure obtained through the analysis with standards and situation at
regional and national level
 Based on the comparison, determine whether figures obtained as a result of the
analysis are significant or not. From influence area the data below are analyzed.
 Calculate the total length of roads connect the town with the influence areas
 Calculate the proportion of asphalt, gravel and earth pressed roads
 Analyze the water and power source and connection with the influence area
 Analyze the level of urbanization of the city visa vise the influence area
Activity4: Analyze environmental issues

 Solid waste
 Analyze data related to solid waste
 Institutional arrangement, man power, Financial & Capacity;
 Major sources, types and nature of solid waste generated;
 Methods of solid waste collection, transportation, storage & disposal;
 Inter-municipal cooperation for solid waste management;

xcviii
  Policy guidelines, strategies, rules, regulations and standards related to solid
waste management;
 Condition of hazardous waste generation in the city
 Problems, opportunities and future plans and prospects;

 Liquid Wastes
 Analyze data related to liquid waste
 Institutional arrangement, man power, Financial & Capacity;
 Availability of toilet facilities by type (private, communal, public, mobile, etc.)
 Mechanisms of collection, transportation, storage & disposal;
 Type and volume of liquid waste generated by different sources;
 Condition of hazardous waste generation in the city
 Number of public toilets and their spatial distribution;
 Inter-municipal cooperation on liquid waste management;
 Problems, opportunities, future plans and prospects
[

 Urban Greenery
 Analyze data related to Urban Greenery
 Institutional arrangement, man power, Financial & Capacity;
 Distribution and coverage of green areas and parks (including institutional,
individual, neighborhood, etc.)
 Ownership of green areas and parks;
 Accessibility and centrality of green areas and parks; and
 Availability of nursery sites, urban forest, botanical garden and horticulture;

 River side and Water side development

 Analyze data related to Urban Greenery
 Coverage of river side and water bodies
 Existing condition of river and water bodies (pollution level, sedimentation,
encroachment, etc.)
 Catchment/water shade of water bodies
 Environmental pollution
 Analyze data related to Environmental pollution
 Air pollution
 Noise Pollution
 Aesthetic pollution

xcix
  Affected groups from the existing pollution
 Assess the impact of climate change on the city and its environs.
 Impacts
 Adaptations and mitigation effects

Activity5. Analyze Geological Data

 Assess geological condition at regional and local level :
 Analyze the nature of observed geological structures
 Analyze the physical, chemical and engineering properties of rocks and soil in terms
of quality and quantity
 Analyze the type and extent of available minerals
 Examine the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining
 Examine the quality and quantity of construction materials
 Analyze the extent /degree of environmental degradation and mining
 Analyze water recharge conditions and discharge conditions
 Analyze general urban expansion direction;
 Analyze the extent of flood and geological hazards ;
 Analyze the groundwater resource potential;
 Estimate the volume of water production;
 Estimate the extent of water consumption
 Analyze the extent/trend of water depletion
 Analyze the percentage of Water loss
 Project Future Water demand
Activity6: Analyze Transport and mobility data
 Analyze intra and inter urban transport linkage,
 Analyze population-road, road-total land use densities in the town (TR)
 Analyze the road by hierarchy, type, condition, proportion,(TR/IP)
 Analyze transport facilities (bus terminal, freight terminal, airport, rail way stations,
dry port, lake /river port, parking lots, etc) in terms of accessibility, compatibility, and
centrality.
 Identify and analyze main modes of transport, passengers trip, etc. in the city/ town;
 Analyze the extent and trend of traffic congestion and accidents,
 Analyze availability and compatibility of parking spaces.
 Analyze availability of over pass, under pass, interchange, etc
 Analyze availability, distribution and compatibility of fuel stations, garages, etc

c
Activity7: Analysis of urban-rural and urban-urban linkage (to be conducted by various
professional)
 Analyze the degree, significance and importance of the administrative linkage the
town has with other towns and rural areas
 Analyze the degree, significance and importance of the physical (transport, telecom,
postal, etc) linkage the town has with other towns and rural areas
 Analyze urban service, utilities, urban service extension and activities that the rural
area get from the town
 Analyze the implications of the linkages on the study town
Activity8 Identify issues to be analyzed Regarding Drainage System
A. Analyze data on basin/ watershed characteristics

 Analyze the major characteristics defining the basin/ watershed;

 Analyze stream densities and drainage pattern
 Analyze land cover, and soil characteristics
 Delineate watersheds and identify basin size
 Analyze land degradations – locations, causes, extent, etc
 Analyze existing conservation practices
 Assess and analyze impacts of abstractions such as detention and depression
storages
B. Analyze data on open channel and pipe system

 Analyze existing channel system layout

 Define channel shape, channel cross-sections, channel slope, etc
 Analyze causes of flow resistance, assess sedimentation conditions
 Analyze flow bypass information, connectivity of pipes and condition of manholes
and catch basins
 Examine backward water effects and sand mining activities
 Assess alternative routes/ diversion possibilities for rivers or concentrated flows
where necessary
 Examine flow characteristics in the natural water bodies (direction, velocity, etc)
 Analyze water uses
 Identify roadside flow directions of run offs
 Identify conflicts with utilities such as water supply lines and telephone cables and
assess the coordination between infrastructure agencies

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  Analyze exiting inlet characteristics
 Assess outlet type and protection

C. Analyze data on hydrometeorology

 Identify and describe rainfall characteristics of the area

 Analyze rainfall intensities and derive intensity-duration- frequency curves
 Analyze flow magnitudes versus intensity values and frequencies
 Define stage- discharge characteristics
D. Analyze data on bridges, culverts

 Analyze existing conditions of bridges/ culverts

 Analyze the existing condition ,bearing capacity and carriage way of bridge and
culverts
 Identify locations of new bridges/culverts
E. Analyze data on flood problems/ damages

 Identify major flood events

 Analyze flood damage/ hazard and risk
 Analyze factors for the occurrences of flooding, overflows, marshes, water logging,
and other related problems;
 Assess and delineate flood prone areas
 Examine existing flood control facilities
 Analyze the socio-economic and environmental consequences of the problems.
NB. Prepare map that depicts the drainage networks of the city/town with an appropriate scale

Activity 9 Identify Points to be analyzed Regarding Spatial Aspects

A. Analysis of data on residential areas

 Percentage of area occupied by residences out of the total land use

 Proportion of informal housing out of the total housing units
 Comparison of proportion of slum areas and area occupied by illegal settlement with
other towns
 Comparison of proportion of area under residential function with standards
 Analysis of data on Commerce, business and trade activities
 Analyze the compatibility of trade activities with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility of areas occupied by trading activities

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  Percentage of the land use covered by commercial activities from the total built up
area,
 Comparison of proportion of area under business and trade activities with standards
 Analysis of data on administration
 Analyze the compatibility of administration with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of areas occupied by administration
 Percentage of the land use covered by administration from the total built up area,
 Comparison of proportion of area under administration against standards

Analysis of data on social and utility Services (Education and health, Cultural and social
welfare, Public worshipping places and cemeteries, Utilities and Municipal services)
 Analyze the compatibility of the services with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of areas occupied by utility services,
percentage of the land use covered by utility services from the total built up area
would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under utility services against standards
 Analysis of data on manufacturing and storage activities (manufacturing plants, processing
plants, warehouses, garages, workshops, grain mills, etc)
 Analyze the compatibility of the manufacturing and storage activities with other
nearby functions, the size, centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of areas
occupied by manufacturing and storage
 Percentage of the land use covered by manufacturing and storage from the total built
up area would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under manufacturing and storage against
standards

TIP: Considerations in land use allotment for manufacturing and storage land use functions

 Analysis of data on road ,transport and related facilities (bus terminal, Parking lot, etc)

ciii
  Analyze the compatibility of transport and related activities with other nearby
functions, the size, centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of areas occupied
by transport and related activities
 Percentage of the land use covered by transport and related activities from the total
built up area would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under transport and related activities against
standards
Analysis of data on recreational activities (stadium, parks, sport field, green areas and botanical
garden, zoos etc)

 Analyze the compatibility of recreational activities with other nearby functions, the
size, centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of areas occupied by
recreational activities
 Percentage of the land use covered by recreational activities from the total built up
area would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under recreational activities against standards
 Analysis of data on urban agriculture, forest and informal green
 Percentage of the land use covered by urban agriculture, forest and informal green
from the total built up area would be calculated.
 Analysis of data on special function (military camp, aircraft approaching areas, areas
exposed to geological hazards, water bodies, quarry and rocky areas, archeological sites
international and diplomatic corps etc.)
 Percentage of the land use covered by special function from the total built up area
would be calculated.
 Analyze the impact of the special function on the spatial development of the town
B. Road Network
 Using a topographic map, identify and classify the road networks
 Calculate the area occupied by road and compare with the recommended standard
 Calculate proportion of asphalt road, gravel road and earth pressed road out of the
total road length
 Calculate the proportion of primary, secondary, tertiary level roads out of the total
of length of road in the town and compare the respective proportion against the
recommended standard

Activity10 Analyze Data Collected from the Influence Area

A. Analyze Data on Transportation and Telecommunication

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  Analyze trend in the number of transportation vehicles coming to and leaving the
town daily,
 Identify the dominant means of transportation, the volume of passengers and
freights and present it quantitatively
 Analyze data on modes of transport other than road if the interactions in terms of
these modes exist.
B. Analyze Demographic Data
 Analyze demographic data on influence area
 Analyze the level of service utilization of the influence area from the project town
D. Analyze Socio- Economic Data
Economic Issues:
 Analyze the trend in the volume of crops which come to the town from the
influence areas by type of crops and identify the dominant type of crop
 Identify the urban centers or rural areas which supply the dominant volume of
crops
 Identify the extent of the major type of natural resources (minerals, water, forest
and forest products, etc.) which are supplied to the town together with their origin;
 Analyze the trend in the number of livestock which come to the town from the
influence areas by type of livestock and identify the dominant type of livestock
 Analyze the availability, type, capacity, adequacy and physical condition of
marketing and storage facilities in the town
 Analyze the trend in the volume of industrial goods supplied by or to the influence
areas by type and identify the dominant type of industrial goods
 Analyze the trend in the volume of major origins and destinations of semi-
processed and finished industrial goods;
 Analyze the trend in the amount of loan disbursed by financial institution in the
town for clients from the influence area
 Analyze the trend in the number of clients from the influence area for whom loan
was provided
 Analyze the trend in the amount of loan disbursed by financial institutions in the
influence area for clients from the town
 Analyze the trend in the number of clients from the town for whom loan was
provided by financial institutions in the influence area
Social Issues:
 Evaluate the adequacy of schools in the influence area by grade level
 Analyze the trend proportion of students coming from the influence areas out of the
total enrollment ratio in the town
 Evaluate the adequacy of health institution in the influence area by type
 Analyze the trend proportion of patients coming from the influence areas out of the
total patients in the health institutions in the town

cv
Activity11: Analysis of Urban Good governance
Urban Good governance includes participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law
and security, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness.

VII. Collect data on Participation

 Collect data on the level of citizen and stakeholders participation during plan
preparation and implementation (from initiation-M & E).
 Collect data on the level of citizen participation on all development and
governance agendas of the city
 Collect data on the level of participation of women, youth , disadvantage
groups, marginalized groups, etc.
VIII. Collect data on level of transparency & accountability of city administration on the various
agendas of the city

 Collect data on corrective measures so far taken on past wrong doings and
mal management
 Collect data on the way and level of publicizing and regular reporting on
plans, reports, regulations and important development agendas of the city.
IX. Collect data on rule of law

 Collect data on whether all the necessary regulation, laws, directive, etc. are
available.
 Collect data on how far the existing laws, regulation, standards, etc are
transparent and knowledgably translated in to practice by officials, experts
and the public.
 Collect data on the degree of enforcement of rule and regulation, standards,
etc.
X. Collect data on proactiveness and responsiveness

 Proractivenss and responsiveness of the city administration to every public

agenda (development, political, economic, security, etc)
 Collect data on the level of responsiveness to individual and public issues in
a reasonable time frame
XI. Collect data on efficiency and effectiveness

 Collect data on efficient utilization of resources

 Collect data on efficiency and cost effectiveness of projects
 Collect data on the sustainability of projects
 Collect data on the extent of public-private partnership with stakeholders
(PPP)

XII. Collect data on Equity and inclusiveness

cvi
  Collect data on the balanced development of the city
 Collect data on the inclusiveness of the disadvantages or marginalized
groups
 Collect data on gender inclusiveness in all development agendas
 Collect data on the degree of inclusiveness in decision making of the various
stakeholders
NB.

 Data collection on governance issues should relay on written documents as well as

through consultative discussions and interviews with stakeholder, individual citizens,
municipal officials, municipal experts, sector offices, investors, disadvantage groups,
etc. Moreover it is also important to observe and review the various documents
(minutes, performance audit reports, short term and long term plans of the
municipality, structure plan and associated repots, etc.)

 It is also worth noting that information gathered on governance issues should be cross
checked using various mechanisms so as to ensure its quality and reliability.

 During collection and analysis of data on governance issues pay due attention to
women, the youth, disadvantage groups, marginalized groups, etc.

ANNEX 2: Legend & Code for Graphic Representation of Structure Plan

Major Categories GIS Color Code
1. Residence- R
Sub Categories Code Color Hatch

cvii
Pure Residential areas R-1

Mixed Residential Mixed with retail R-2

trades and businesses

High Density Mixed Medium and high rise R-3

residential buildings mixed
with retail trade and business
Special Palace, Embassy, Monastery R-4

2. Administration - AD
Government Institutions AD-1

Sector Offices AD-11

Local area Administration AD-12

(Region, Zone, Wereda,
City or Kebele)

Police, Justice, Court AD-13

Prison, Correctional or AD-14

Rehabilitation center
International AD-2
organizations and
NGOs
International Organizations AD-21
Embassy-Chancery, AD-22
Consular office
NGOs AD-23
Unions and Community AD-3
based Organizations,
parties
Unions AD-31
CBOs AD-32
Parties AD-33

3. Commerce, Business & Trade - CO

Commerce CO-1
General/Open Market or CO-11
weekly market
Covered market or Gulit CO-12
Cattle Market CO-13
Business& Trade CO-2
Hotels, Restaurants, Motels , CO-21
Grocery, cafeteria, Kiosk,
super market, Barberry, fuel
station &beauty salon etc.
Mall /Plaza , Star Hotels, CO-22
Business centers, , Hyper
Market etc.
Import-Export, Whole sale, CO-23
Consultancy & company
offices
Financial Institutions CO-3
Banks or Insurance CO-31
Credit Associations or Micro CO-32
Finance
4. Services - S

cviii
Education S-1

Preschool educations Kindergarten, Religious and S-11 If the spatial

Traditional scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Primary School S-12 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
High School S-13
Schools & institutions Special need S-14
TVET S-15
University or College S-16
Research & Training Centers S-17
Health S-2
Health post S-21 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Health Center S-22
Hospital S-23
Specialized/Referral Hospital S-24
Veterinary S-25
Municipal Services S-3
Slaughterhouse S-31
Municipal Cemetery S-32
Fire and emergency Service S-33
Solid waste disposal site S-34
Liquid waste transfer stations S-35
Liquid waste disposal S-36
site/treatment plant
Civic, Cultural & S-4
Welfare
Library, Museum , Historical S-41 If the spatial
site & Building, multipurpose scale allows
hall etc. illustration of the
land use
Religious, traditional & Public S-42
Festivity areas
Youth center S-43 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Orphanage, People with S-44
disability centers etc.
Religious institutions & S-5
Cemeteries
Orthodox church S-51
Non-Orthodox Churches S-52
Mosque S-53
Others S-54
Orthodox Cemetery S-54
Non-Orthodox Cemeteries S-55
Muslim Cemetery S-56
Others S-57
Utility Services S-6
&Infrastructure
Telecom service S-61 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use

cix
 Electric power Office, high and S-62
medium tension lines etc.
Water supply Office, water S-63 If the spatial
reservoir, treatment plant etc. scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Postal Office S-64 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Meteorology station/office S-65
5. Manufacturing and storage - M
Manufacturing M-1

Heavy Industry Canning, steel, cement, M-11

leather, heavy Building
materials production
(Hydrophone, ceramics,
Bricks, large prefabs etc.)

Light Industry Light Building material M-12

production (HCB, pipe, small-
prefabricated etc.)
Oil seeds & grain processing ,
Flour Mill

Warehouse Storage, silo, fuel depot etc. M-2

Power generating Power generating plants, Sub M-3
plants and substations -station, etc
Garage and workshops Garage, handicraft &cottage M-4 If the spatial
industries, Wood and Metal scale allows
Work illustration of the
land use
Industrial Treatment Industrial Treatment plant M-5
plant
6. Recreational & Environmental - RE
Open spaces RE-1
Play lot RE-11 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Play ground RE-12 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Sport filed RE-13
Formal green RE-2
Green areas RE-21 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Parks RE-22
Botanical Garden RE-23
Zoo RE-24
Lake and river side resort RE-25
Centers
Sport centers RE-3
Gymnasium, Club, Circus, RE -31 If the spatial
ground tennis etc. scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Stadium RE -32

cx
 Golf centers, Horse riding, RE -33
athletics centers etc.
Environmental RE-4
Forest (manmade & natural) RE -41
Buffer zones RE -42
Nursery sites RE -43 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Environmentally fragile areas RE -44
(Marshes, lakes, river, ground
water potential etc.)
7. Transport-T
Terminals Bus ,LRT ,Rail, Water and AIR T-1

Intra-city terminal T-11

(Bus, BRT, LRT, etc.)
Inter-city Terminal T-12
(Rail, Air, Bus, Lake &
River port)
Freight -Terminal T-13
(Dry Port, Freight etc.)
Parking T-2
Parking building T-21
Park and Ride T-22
Surface parking T-23
Road T-3
Principal Arterial Street PAS
Sub Arterial Street SAS
Boulevard Street BoS
Major Collector Road CR1
Minor Collector Road CR2
Local Road LR
Pedestrian way PW
Bike way BW
Rail & tram way LR , inter-city Rail, tram T-4
LR T-41
Inter- city rail T-42
Tram etc. T-43
8. Urban Agriculture- UA
Animal Husbandry UA-1

Breeding and fattening UA -11

Dairy products UA -12
Poultry UA -13 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Apiculture, Fishery etc UA -14 If the spatial
scale allows
illustration of the
land use
Horticulture UA-2
Vegetables and fruits(Cash UA -21
crops )
Flower cutting UA -22
Crops or Grazing UA -23
UA -24
9. Special Functions-SF

cxi
Zones of Restriction SF-1

Crusher, Quarry sites, Mining, SF-12

mixing plant, reclaim site etc.
Military Camp, Aircraft SF-13
approaching areas,
Zones of Protection Geological hazardous areas SF-14
(land and mud slides, volcanic
eruptions, rocky, flood prone
areas etc.)
Archaeological site SF-15 If the spatial
scale allows
illustrate the land
use

cxii
ANNEX 3: Major Contents of Land use Categories and Prohibited uses

cxiii
Land use Category Major Contents of the category Prohibited uses
Housing  All types of residential developments Large scale industries,

 Educational services: kindergarten to secondary schools storage and warehouses,

 Health services: health post to health center Military establishments

and ammunition stores;

 Neighborhood markets ('Gulit') and shopping areas
Waste treatment plants
 Small and medium scale Manufacturing and warehouses
and landfill sites;
 Recreation and entertainment centers
Cemeteries; Transport
 Small Administrative offices, business
terminals; Quarries
 Worship places
Universities, colleges,

hospitals, stadiums
Business and commerce/  Shops Large scale industries,
Centers and market storage and warehouses;
 Markets
places
 Centers of different hierarchies Cemeteries; Waste

treatment plants and

 Administrative uses
landfill sites; Military
 Banks
establishments and
 Insurances
stores; and Quarries
Services (Public  Education (colleges, universities) All except services defined

facilities, cultural,  Health (health center, hospitals) within the same category

archeological sites and  Community facilities

special functions)
 Municipal services
Green, recreation,  Open space for outdoor recreation; necessary for the All activities except for

sports and preservation of natural resources; direct uses designated

environmental sensitive  Open space for the managed production of resources; and part of the

areas  Open space reserved for public safety against risks from environment project; any

environmental elements; urban built up activity

 Open space for future expansion; Right-of-ways reserves for more than 25 % coverage

future upgrading of road size in parks and green

recreation areas
Administration  Governmental institutions Mainly not far from central

 NGOs areas except in the case

 Police of correctional institution

 Justice

 Correctional Institutions
Manufacturing and  Industry and manufacturing All except services defined
storage cxiv within the same category
 Warehouse, depots
Infrastructure, utilities and  Public utilities (water supply, sewage system, electric supply, All urban activities except
Transportation telecommunication) traffic and transport
ANNEX 4: Pattern of roads
Radial pattern of roads
Spider web radial road pattern This kind of pattern tends to Channel and

concentrate the traffic movement to a square or a

place. In this pattern importance is given to the

place or square where many roads are

converging and most of the traffic is conveyed to

the center. Successive ring road pattern is

overlaid to facilitate the movement from one

radiating road to the other.

Centers are emphasized in this kind of pattern.

Circular radial road pattern
Strong centers could be created in the central

areas and around the squares. The radiating

roads could also create important vistas and axial

views, emphasizing buildings and structures

located in the central area and on the ends of the

axial views with a monumental and grander effect.

This kind of pattern concentrated business and

activities in the central places and squares. Due

to these facts traffic flow might be concentrated

on squares or in the central area and thereby

congestion problem might occur unless alternative

linkages are developed. In this case especially

ring roads are important to distribute the traffic

flows.

cxv
Grid pattern of roads

In this pattern straight and continuous roads are

arranged in a parallel manner with certain

spacing, crossing at 90 degree with another row of

parallel straight and continuous roads. Traffic flow

in this pattern is distributed in every direction.

This Pattern is simple and easy to adapt and

implement. As a result, blocks and plot

subdivisions are also simple and efficient in space

utilization.

However, this pattern has an effect of monotony

and lack of hierarchical importance. Thorough

traffic flows (long distance travelers) are

encouraged to pass through local roads causing

disturbances on residential areas. It might also be

difficult to differentiate places (especially for

strangers) if proper signs are not available and

buildings are similar.

cxvi
Loophole road pattern

This kind of pattern is used especially when there is a

constraint for expansion like gorges, mountains etc. on the
right and left side of the main road forcing the city and its
road network to follow a linear pattern of development (like
a bay). In this case, loophole road pattern could be
convenient to connect the areas along the sides of the
main road.

This kind of pattern is also designed for quiet residential

neighborhoods discouraging thorough traffic flows with
dead ends treated by cul-de-sacs and vicious circles road
pattern is fit for linear towns and star shaped towns.
However, there is a difficulty of getting short-cut paths and
alternative routes

Table 9: Organic pattern of road

In this pattern, roads are winding forming acute curves and

odd junctions. This kind of pattern is observed in
spontaneously formed and developed cities and it is
usually formed due to unplanned and haphazard
development. This kind of pattern fits with difficult
topographic conditions that oblige the road network to
follow an organic pattern.
The disadvantages of such kind of pattern are that narrow
passageways and bottlenecks might occur, wastage of
spaces and it would be expensive for infrastructure
provision and may aggravate congestion. It could even be
difficult for vehicular movement unless the curves are
implemented according to standards.

cxvii
ANNEX 5: Framing Elements of Struccture Plan

cxviii
Annex 6: Example of Intervention Plan for Structure Plan

Figure 7: Example of Phasing Plan of Structure Plan

cxix
 Figure 8: Example of Building Height Regulation of Structure Plan

ANNEX 7: Data collection Checklists and formats for each Thematic Study

These formats are applicable for planning issues that are identified as planning issues /problems and

that need to be addressed. The planning team should selectively use the formats for intended purpose

only not to waste resources by collecting pointless data set.

9.1: Questionnaire for Data Collection on Historical Study

cxx
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 ymjm¶ÃW y-@ tÌM yT¾W nW) mc& yT ï¬ tkft)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
 çSpE¬LS) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 yÆ*NÆ* W¦ kt¥W ÃgßW mc& nW) yW¦WS mg¾ GDB ½ g#DÙD wYS MN+ nW)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
 kÆ*NÆ* bðT ym-_ W¦ kyT Yg" nbR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------

cxxi
  kt¥W mB‰T mc& nW ÃgßW) kËn@ÊtR nW wYS k¦YDé)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------
 mNgD ytkftW mc& nW)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ySLK xgLGlÖT mc& yT ï¬ tjmr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 y±S¬ xgLGlÖTS mc& yT ï¬ tjmr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
 gbÃW mc& tÌÌm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 lmÌÌÑS MKNÃt$ MN nbR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 kz!Ã bðT gbÃW yT nbR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 yNGD XNQS”s@W MN YmSL nbR) --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 b#Â b@èC mc& tjm„) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 wFô b@èCS) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 kt¥W kFt¾ :DgT xúYaL y¸l#T g!z@ mc& nW)lMN)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
 WDqT xúYaL y¸l#TS g!z@) lMN) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 bkt¥W WS_ MN ÃHL B/@rsïC Yñ‰l#)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
 bkt¥W bxµÆb!W kFt¾ b›§T y¸Æl#T yT®c$ ÂcW) -------------------------------------------
 bkt¥W bxµÆb!W ¬¶µêE |F‰ãC Yg¾l# wY) bMNS MKNÃT ¬¶µêE tÆl#)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------
 y¬¶K½ yÆHL yxRk!ãlÖ©! QRîC bkt¥W bxµÆb!W Yg¾l# wY) MN MN ÂcW) yT yT Yg¾l#)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.2: የስነ ህዝብና ማ?በራዊ አገልግሎቶች

9.2.1. ¥?b‰êE xgLGlÖèC

øN___________ qbl@ ____________

1. yqbl@ n궼?ZB B²T ___________

2. ymñ¶Ã b@T B²T ___________

3. ymZ¾ ï¬ãCN btmlkt

cxxii
 h. yS±RT ¥zWt¶Ã ï¬ãC B²T................
l. y?ÚÂT mÅwÒ ï¬ãC B²T..............
/. ymZ¾ R÷C B²T................
m. yb@t መጽሃፍ T B²T................
\. ys!n!¥¼ tEÃTR b@èC B²T................

4. yxML÷ ï¬ãCN btmlkt

h. yåRèìKS b@tKRStEÃñC B²T................

l. yµèl!K b@tKRStEÃñC B²T................
/. yPét&S¬NT b@tKRStEÃñC B²T................
m. ymSg!ìc B²T ................
\. l@lÖC xML÷ ï¬ãC µl# Y-qs#.........

5. ym”BR ï¬ãCN btmlkt

h. åRèìKS m”BR ï¬ãC B²T..............
l. yµèl!K m”BR ï¬ãC B²T................
/. yPét&S¬NT m”BR ï¬ãC B²T................
m. yÑSl!M m”BR ï¬ãC..............
\. y¥zU© b@T ym”BR ï¬ãC................
6. y?ZB m[Ä©Â g§ m¬-b!Ã xgLGlÖèCN btmlkt
h. y?ZB m[Ä© b@èC B²T..............
l. y?ZB g§ m¬-b!Ã xgLGlÖèC B²T................
7. yx[d HÚÂT B²T.................

9.2.2. የትምህርት አገልግሎት

[Link]. Kindergarten / ymê:l HÚÂT SR+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

C
Name of the Enrollment /
Teachers ymMH‰N B²T ro
Year / ›.M Kindergarten /የመዋዕለ ህጻናቱ yt¥¶ãC B²T
ym¥
ሥም
M/ወ F/ሴ T/ድ M/ወ F/ሴ T/ድ

cxxiii
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

[Link]. የአንደኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት መረጃ መሰብሰቢያ ቅጽ

yT¼b@t$ x-”§Y h#n@¬

yTMHRT b@t$ |M ___________________________________________

øN___________ qbl@ ___________

yT¼b@t$ Ælb@T ymNGST..... yGL...... y?ZB.... l@§....... ¼Y-qS¼

T¼b@t$ ytmsrtbT ›¼M____ yt¥¶ B²T ___ wND ___ s@T____

1. T¼b@t$ kSR yt-qs#T xgLGlÖèC xl#T? ¼µl xl kl@l ylM b¥lT Æì mSm„ Y䧼

h. mB‰T ...............................
l. Wh .................................
/. SLK ..................................
m. x_R ..................................
\. yXGR µ*S »Ä ..................
r. yQRÅT µ*S »Ä .................
s. ymrB µ*S »Ä ..................
¹. b@t m{hFT .....................

2. yT¼b@t$ SÍT bµÊ »TR MNÃHL nW ? ........................................

3. yT¼b@t$ ðz!µ§êE h#n@¬ bMNdr© §Y Yg¾L ?

h. X¼ bÈM _„......... l. bÈM _„......... /. _„......... m. mlSt¾ _g y¸fLG .........\. kFt¾ _g y¸fLG ......... r. fRî
mgNÆT ÃlbT .........

4. yT¼b@t$ ymSÍðÃ ï¬ xlW ?............................................

5. T¼b@t$ Ãl#bT l@lÖC CGéC ........................................................................................................................

6. ym¥¶Ã KFL B²T..............................

7. ys@K>N B²T...............................

8. የፈረቃ ብዛት …………………..

9. T¼b@t$ y¸g"bT HNÚ yGL......... k!‰Y.........

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Students coming to the Town from Other Areas / outside the town
kkt¥W KLL W+ y¸m-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTMHRT b@t$ |M _______________________________ qbl@ ___________

Total Number of Students Male Female

yt¥¶ B²T _______ wND _______ s@T _______

Grade Name of Neighboring towns /ygÖrb@T ktäC |M Name of Neighboring Farmers Association /ygbÊ ¥HbR/wrÄ |M
KFL DMR DMR

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Drop Outs

TMHR¬cWN ÃÌr-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade/KFL
Sex/ò¬
›.M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total/DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Repeators
TMHR¬cWN ydgÑ t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade / KFL

Sex/ò¬
›.M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total/DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Teachers by Qualification

ymMH‰N |R+T bTMhRT dr©
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

1st Cycle (1-4) 2nd Cycle (5-8)

Sex / ò¬ Below TTI TTI and Above Total Below TTC TTC and Above Total
kTTI b¬C TTI XÂ kTTI b§Y DMR kTTC b¬C TTC XÂ kTTC b§Y DMR
Male/ wND
Female/ s@T
Total / DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Trend of Enrollment
yt¥¶ãC |R+T b›mt MHrT
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M _____________________qbl@ ________

Shift System Double Shift_______________ Single Shift__________

Class Rooms/ መማሪያ

Year/ Enrollment / ተማሪዎች Section ¼ ys@K>N
Sex/ ò¬ ክፍል
›.M 1-4 5-8 1-8 1-4 5-8 1-8 1-4 5-8 1-8
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Students by Age

yt¥¶ãC |R+T b:D»
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Grade / KFL
Age/ :D» Sex/ ò¬
1-4 5-8 1-8
M/w
<7 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
7 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
8 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
9 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
10 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
11 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
12 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
13 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
14 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
> 14 F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

[Link]. የሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት እና TVET መረጃ መሰብሰቢያ ቅጽ

yT¼b@t$ x-”§Y h#n@¬
yTMHR b@t$ |M ___________________________________________
øN___________ qbl@ ___________

yT¼b@t$ Ælb@T ymNGST..... yGL...... y?ZB.... l@§....... ¼Y-qS¼

T¼b@t$ ytmsrtbT ›¼M____ yt¥¶ B²T ___ wND ___ s@T____

1. T¼b@t$ kSR yt-qs#T xgLGlÖèC xl#T? ¼µl xl kl@l ylM b¥lT Æì mSm„ Y䧼

h. mB‰T ...............................
l. Wh .................................
/. SLK ..................................
m. x_R ..................................
\. yXGR µ*S »Ä ..................
r. yQRÈT µ*S »Ä .................
s. ymrB µ*S »Ä ..................
¹. b@t m{hFT .....................

2. yT¼b@t$ SÍT bµÊ »TR MN ÃHL nW ? ........................................

3. yT¼b@t$ ðz!µ§êE h#n@¬ bMN dr© §Y Yg¾L ?

h. X ¼ bÈM _„......... l. bÈM _„......... /. _„......... m. mlSt¾ _g y¸fLG .........\. kFt¾ _g y¸fLG ......... r. fRî
mgNÆT ÃlbT .........

4. yT¼b@t$ ymSÍðÃ ï¬ xlW ?............................................

5. T¼b@t$ Ãl#bT l@lÖC CGéC ? ............................................

6. ym¥¶Ã KFL B²T..............................

7. ys@K>N B²T...............................

8. የፈረቃ ብዛት …………………..

9. T¼b@t$ y¸g"bT HNÚ yGL......... k!‰Y.........

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Students coming to the Town from Other Areas / outside the town
kkt¥W KLL W+ y¸m-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTMHRT b@t$ |M _______________________________ qbl@ ___________

Total Number of Students Male Female

yt¥¶ B²T _______ wND _______ s@T _______

Grade Name of Neighboring towns /ygÖrb@T ktäC | Name of Neighboring Farmers Association
KFL M /ygbÊ ¥HbR/wrÄ |M
DMR DMR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Drop Outs

TMHR¬cWN ÃÌr-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade/KFL
Sex/ò¬
›.M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total/DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Repeators
TMHR¬cWN ydgÑ t¥¶ãC |R+T
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade / KFL

Sex/ò¬
›.M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total/DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Teachers by Qualification

ymMH‰N |R+T bTMhRT dr©
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

1st Cycle (1-4) 2nd Cycle (5-8)

Sex / ò¬ Below TTI TTI and Above Total Below TTC TTC and Above Total
kTTI b¬C TTI XÂ kTTI b§Y DMR kTTC b¬C TTC XÂ kTTC b§Y DMR
Male/ wND
Female/ s@T
Total / DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Trend of Enrollment
yt¥¶ãC |R+T b›mt MHrT

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M _____________________qbl@ ________

Shift System Double Shift_______________ Single Shift__________

Class Rooms/ መማሪያ

Enrollment / ተማሪዎች Section ¼ ys@K>N
Year/ ›.M Sex/ ò¬ ክፍል
1-4 5-8 1-8 1-4 5-8 1-8 1-4 5-8 1-8
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Students by Age

yt¥¶ãC |R+T b:D»

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Grade / KFL
Age/ :D» Sex/ ò¬
1-4 5-8 1-8
M/w
<7 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
7 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
8 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
9 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
10 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
11 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
12 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
13 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
14 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
> 14 F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

[Link]. የሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት እና TVET መረጃ መሰብሰቢያ ቅጽ

yT¼b@t$ x-”§Y h#n@¬
yTMHR b@t$ |M ___________________________________________
øN___________ qbl@ ___________

yT¼b@t$ Ælb@T ymNGST..... yGL...... y?ZB.... l@§....... ¼Y-qS¼

T¼b@t$ ytmsrtbT ›¼M____ yt¥¶ B²T ___ wND ___ s@T____

10. T¼b@t$ kSR yt-qs#T xgLGlÖèC xl#T? ¼µl xl kl@l ylM b¥lT Æì mSm„ Y䧼

h. mB‰T ...............................
l. Wh .................................
/. SLK ..................................
m. x_R ..................................
\. yXGR µ*S »Ä ..................
r. yQRÈT µ*S »Ä .................
s. ymrB µ*S »Ä ..................
¹. b@t m{hFT .....................

11. yT¼b@t$ SÍT bµÊ »TR MN ÃHL nW ? ........................................

12. yT¼b@t$ ðz!µ§êE h#n@¬ bMN dr© §Y Yg¾L ?

h. X ¼ bÈM _„......... l. bÈM _„......... /. _„......... m. mlSt¾ _g y¸fLG .........\. kFt¾ _g y¸fLG ......... r.
fRî mgNÆT ÃlbT .........

13. yT¼b@t$ ymSÍðÃ ï¬ xlW ?............................................

14. T¼b@t$ Ãl#bT l@lÖC CGéC ? ............................................

15. ym¥¶Ã KFL B²T..............................

16. ys@K>N B²T...............................

17. የፈረቃ ብዛት …………………..

18. T¼b@t$ y¸g"bT HNÚ yGL......... k!‰Y.........

Students coming to the Town from Other Areas / outside the town
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

kkt¥W KLL W+ y¸m-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele

yTMHR ት b@t$ |M _______________________________ qbl@ ___________
Total Number of Students Male Female
yt¥¶ B²T _______ wND _______ s@T _______

Name of Neighboring towns /ygÖrb@T ktäC Name of Neighboring Farmers Association

Grade |M /ygbÊ ¥HbR/wrÄ |M
KFL
DMR DMR

10

11

12

10 + 1

10 + 2

10 + 3
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Drop Outs

TMHR¬cWN ÃÌr-# t¥¶ãC |R+T

Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade/ KFL

Sex/ò¬
›.M 9 10 11 12 10 + 1 10 + 2 10 + 3 Total/DMR

M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number of Repeaters
TMHR¬cWN ydgÑ t¥¶ãC |R+T
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

Year/ Grade / KFL

Sex/ò¬
›.M 9 10 11 12 10 + 1 10 + 2 10 + 3 Total/DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Teachers by Qualification

ymMH‰N |R+T bTMhRT dr©
Name of the School Kebele
yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ________

1st Cycle (9-10) 2nd Cycle (11-12) TVET

Degree and
Sex / ò¬ Below Degree Degree and Above Below Degree Above Below Degree Degree and Above
kÄ!G¶ b¬C Ä!G¶ XÂ kÄ!G¶ b§Y kÄ!G¶ b¬C Ä!G¶ XÂ kÄ!G¶ kÄ!G¶ b¬C Ä!G¶ XÂ kÄ!G¶ b§Y
b§Y

Male / wND

Female / s@T

Total / DMR

Trend of Enrollment
yt¥¶ãC |R+T b›mt MHrT

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M _____________________qbl@ ________
Shift System Double Shift_______________ Single Shift__________

Year/ ›.M Sex/ ò¬ Enrollment / ተማሪዎች Class Rooms/ መማሪያ Section / s@K>N
ክፍል
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9-10 11-12 TVET 9-10 11-12 TVET 9-10 11-12 TVET

M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

F/ s@
T/ DMR

Distribution of Students by Age

yt¥¶ãC |R+T b:D»

Name of the School Kebele

yTb@t$ |M ______________________ qbl@ ____

Grade / ክፍል
Age/ :D» Sex/ ò¬
9-10 11-128 TVET
M/w
< 15 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
15 F/ s@
T/ DMR
16 M/w
F/ s@
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

T/ DMR
M/w
17 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
18 F/ s@
T/ DMR
M/w
> 18 F/ s@
T/ DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Private Colleges by Field of Study, Enrollment, Teachers and Class rooms
Class
Enrollment Teachers rooms
S.N Name of the College Fields of Study
1st 3rd 4th
2nd Year Total
Year Year Year
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

[Link]. በወረዳና በዞን ደረጃ የትምህርት መረጃ መሰበሰቢያ ቅጽ

Distribution of Schools in a Zone by Wereda

bønù y¸gßù T/b¤èC oRuT bwrÄ b¸gßùbT oF‰
Zone / yønù SM______________________

Number of Schools / yTMHRT b¤T B²T

Wereda / ywrÄW
Rural / g«R Urban / kt¥
oM
KG 1-4 5- 8 1-8 Total KG 1-4 5- 8 1-8 9 - 10 11-12 TVET Total

Distribution of Students in a Zone by Wereda

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

bønù y¸gßù ተማሪዎች oRuT bwrÄÂ b¸gßùbT oF‰

Number of Students / የተማሪዎች B²T

Wereda / ywrÄW
Rural / g«R Urban / kt¥
oM
KG 1-4 5- 8 1-8 Total KG 1-4 5- 8 1-8 9 - 10 11-12 TVET Total

[Link]. በከተማ ደረጃ የትምህርት መረጃ ማጠቃለያ ቅጽ

Government Schools
Distribution of Schools, Class rooms, Sections and Teachers by Grade Level

bkt¥W WS_ y¸gß# ymNGST T/b¤èC½ m¥¶Ã KFL½ s@K>N½ t¥¶Â mMH‰N oRuT
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Number / Grade Level

B²T yT/b¤èC dr©

KG 1-4 5- 8 1-8 9 - 10 11-12 TVET Total

Schools / TMHRT b@T
Class rooms/ m¥¶Ã KFL
Sections / s@K>N
Enrollment / t¥¶

Teachers / mMHR

Total / DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Non Government Schools

Distribution of Schools, Class rooms, Sections and Teachers by Grade Level

bkt¥W WS_ y¸gß# መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ T/b¤èC½ m¥¶Ã KFL½ s@K>N½ t¥¶Â mMH‰N oRuT

Number / Grade Level

B²T yT/b¤èC dr©

KG 1-4 5-8 1-8 9-10 11-12 TVET Total

Schools / TMHRT b@T
Class rooms/ m¥¶Ã KFL
Sections / s@K>N
Enrollment / t¥¶
Teachers / mMHR

Total / DMR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Government and Non Government Schools

Distribution of Schools, Class rooms, Sections and Teachers by Grade Level
bkt¥W WS_ y¸gß# ymNGST X መንግስታዊ ያልሆኑ T/b¤èC½ m¥¶Ã KFL½ s@K>N½ t¥¶Â mMH‰N oRuT
Number / Grade Level
B²T yT/b¤èC dr©

KG 1-4 5-8 1-8 9-10 11-12 TVET Total

Schools / TMHRT b@T
Class rooms/ m¥¶Ã KFL
Sections / s@K>N
Enrollment / t¥¶
Teachers / mMHR

Total / DMR
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.2.3. የጤና አገልግሎት

Government
Distribution of Health Institutions and Health Personnel at City/ Town Level

bkt¥ WS_ Ãlù ymNGST y«¤Â tÌ¥T እና ባለሙያዎች

Health Personnel / y-@Â ÆlÑÃãC B²T

Number
Type of Health Institution Doctor
y«¤Â tÌÑ B²T Health Officer Nurse Health Assistance Total
y«¤Â tÌÑ dr© yHKMÂ
-@Â m÷NN nRS -@Â rÄT DMR
ìKtR
Hospital / çSpE¬L

Health Center / «¤Â Èbþy

Health Post / -@Â k@§

Clinic / KlþnþK

Pharmacy / ÍR¥sþ

Rural Drug Vender / የገጠር

mDhnþT ቤት
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Non Government
Distribution of Health Institutions and Health Personnel at City/ Town Level

bkt¥ WS_ Ãlù mNGS¬êE ÃLçnù y«¤Â tÌ¥T እና ባለሙያዎች

Health Personnel / y-@Â ÆlÑÃãC B²T

Number
Type of Health Institution Doctor
y«¤Â tÌÑ B²T Health Officer Nurse Health Assistance Total
y«¤Â tÌÑ dr© yHKMÂ
-@Â m÷NN nRS -@Â rÄT DMR
ìKtR
Hospital / çSpE¬L

Health Center / «¤Â Èbþy

Clinic / KlþnþK

Pharmacy / ÍR¥sþ
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Name of the Health Institution

y«¤Â tÌÑ SM ................................................................

Distribution of Health Personnel by Type of Qualification

yHKMÂ ÆlÑÃãC oRuT bÑÃW ›YnT

Number / B²T
Type
Existing Additional Requirement
yÑÃW ›YnT xhùN ÃlùT t=¥¶ y¸ÃSfLgW
Doctor / yHKMÂ ìKtR

Health Officer / y«¤Â mkÖNN

Nurse / nRS

Health Assistance y«¤Â rÄT

Pharmacist / ÍR¥sþST

Lab Tech. / §ï‰è¶ t½Knþ>ÃN

x-Ray Tech. / x¤KSÊY t½Knþ>ÃN

Number of Beds
«¤Â tÌÑ ÃlW yxLU B²T ..................................................
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Family Planning Service

yb@t\B MÈn@ xgLGlÖT

Name of the Health Institution

y«¤Â tÌÑ SM ................................................................
Women to whom birth control medications
Women who attended health education were distributed
Year
yb@t\B MÈn@ TMHRT ywsÇ s@èC B²T ywl!D möÈ-¶Ã ywsÇ s@èC B²T
›mt MHrT
New / xÄ!S Repeat / DU¸ New / xÄ!S Repeat / DU¸
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Prenatal, Antenatal and Delivery Services

QDm wl!D ፣ kwl!D b“§ እና bwl!D g!z@ አገልግሎት
Name of the Health Institution
y«¤Â tÌÑ SM ................................................................

Year Prenatal Delivery Antenatal

›mt MHrT QDm wl!D bwl!D g!z@ kwl!D b“§
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Name of the Health Institution

y«¤Â tÌÑ SM ................................................................
The Ten Top Diseases
አስሩ ዋና ዋና በሽታዎች
S.N Name of the Disease Number of Patients S.N Name of the Disease Number of Patients
ተ.ቁ yb>¬W oM yHmMt®C B²T ተ.ቁ yb>¬W oM yHmMt®C B²T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Name of the Health Institution

y«¤Â tÌÑ SM ................................................................

 Type of health services rendered by the health institution

«¤Â tÌÑ y¸s«W yHKM xgLGlÖèC ›YnT

 Problems encounterded in the health institution

«¤Â tÌÑ ÃlbT CGR

 Future plans
wdðT lþs„ y¬qÇ PéjKèC µlù

 Ongoning projects
xhùN bmkÂwN §Y y¸gßù PéjKèC µlù

 Origin of patients coming out of the town

kkt¥W W+ ¬µ¸ãC y¸m-#ÆcW xµÆb!ãC
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Health Institutions at Zone Level by Wereda

bønù WS_ Ãlù y«¤Â tÌ¥èC

Type of the Health Institution / y«¤Â tÌÑ ›YnT

Name of the Wereda

RDV
ywrÄW oM Hospital Health Center Clinic Pharmacy Health Post
çSpE¬L mDhnþT
«¤Â Èbþ ያ ክሊኒክ ÍR¥sþ -@ k@§
mdBR
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Distribution of Health Personnel at Zone Level by Wereda

bønù WS_ Ãlù y«¤Â ባለሙያዎች

Number of Health Personnel / y«¤Â ÆlÑÃãC B²T

Urban / kt¥

Name of the Wereda ywrÄW oM Doctor Health

Health Officer Nurse Total
Assistance
yHKMÂ -@Â m÷NN nRS DMR
ìKtR -@Â rÄT
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.2.4. የመኖሪያ ቤት አገልግሎት

የመኖሪያ ቤት ቦታ አቅርቦት
Trend in Supply of Land/ Plots for Residential Units

ዓ.ም የአመልካቾች ብዛት የተሰጡ ቦታዎች ብዛት የተገነቡ ቤቶች ብዛት Constructed

Applicants Plots allotted Houses

Year/E.C

ድምር / Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

ከ 2007 ዓ/ም ወዲህ በከተማው ውስጥ ለመኖሪያ ቤት ግንባታ የተጠየቁ፣ የተሰጡ እና የተገነቡ መኖሪያ ቤቶች ብዛት

Housing Units Constructed in the Town since 2007EC

የአመልካቾች ብዛት የተሰጡ ቦታዎች ብዛት የተገነቡ ቤቶች ብዛት Constructed

Applicants Plots allotted Houses

በግለሰብ
Private
በማሕበር
Cooperatives
በማዘጋጃ ቤት
Municipality
በግል ባለሀብት
Real Estate
በኮንዶሚኒየም
Condominium

ድምር /Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

ህጋዊ የሆኑና ህጋዊ ያልሆኑ ቤቶች

Formal and Informal Settlement
ቀበሌ ህጋዊ የሆኑ ቤቶ C ብዛት ህጋዊ ያልሆኑ ቤቶች ብዛት
Kebele Formal Housing Units Informal Housing Units

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

ድምር
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

ህ g ወጥ ሰፈራዎች
Informal Settlement
ህገወጥ ሰፈራዎች የሚበዙባቸው ቀበሌዎች
ህጋዊ ያልሆኑ ቤቶች ብዛት ግምት
Kebeles where informal settlement
Estimates of Informal Housing Units
dominate

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10

Total / ድምር
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.2.5. ማህበራዊ ችግሮች

A. Prostitution

1. Trend in number of Prostitutes

Number
Year
Male Female Total

2. Distribution of Prostitutes by Causes of the Prostitution

[Link]. Causes Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Distribution of Prostitutes by age and Sex

[Link]. Age Group Sex

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
6

4. Distribution of Prostitutes by Educational Status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

5. Distribution of Prostitutes by their need

[Link]. Need Number Percent

1
2
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

3
4
5
6

6. Consequences of being involved in prostitution

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..

7. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing services to prostitutes by type of the service and number of beneficiaries
Name of the Number of
S.N Type of the service provided
organization beneficiaries

1
2
3
4
5

8. Major problems and prospects /future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

B. Beggary
1. Trend in number of Beggaries
Number
Year
Male Female Total

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

2. Distribution of Beggaries by Causes

[Link]. Causes Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Distribution of Beggaries by age and Sex

Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

1
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

2
3
4
5
6
7
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

4. Distribution of Beggaries by Educational Status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

5. Distribution of Beggaries by their need

[Link]. Need Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

6. Consequences of being involved in beggary

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..…..
7. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing services to beggaries by type of the service and number of beneficiaries
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Name of the Number of

S.N Type of the service provided
organization beneficiaries

1
2
3
4
5
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

8. Major problems and prospects/ future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

C. Disability

1. Distribution of Disabled persons by type of disability

Number
[Link]. Type of Disability
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
6

2. Trend in number of Disability

Year
S.N Type of disability
1
2
3
4
5
6
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

3. Causes of disability
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Distribution of disabled persons by age and sex
Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

5. Distribution of disabled persons by educational status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

6. Distribution of disabled persons by their need

[Link]. Need Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

7. Consequences of disability
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
8. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing services to Disabled person by type of the service and number of
beneficiaries
Name of the Number of
S.N Type of the service provided
organization beneficiaries
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

1
2
3
4
5

9. Major problems and prospects/ future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………....
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

D. Crime

1. Distribution of crime by type

Number of criminals
Number
[Link]. Type of crime
of crimes
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

2. Trend in number of crime

Year and Number of Crime
[Link]. Type of crime

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

3. Location and Causes of the crimes

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………....
4. Distribution of prisoners by age and sex
Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

5. Distribution of prisoners by Educational Status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6

6 Major problems and prospects /future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

E. Juvenile Delinquency (Offences committed by the youth)

1. Distribution of Offences Committed By the Youth

Number
[Link]. Type of offences
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
6
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

2. Trend in number of Offences Committed By the Youth

Year and Number of criminals / inmates
[Link]. Type of crime

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

3. Location and Causes of the crimes

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….....…..

4. Distribution of young inmate by age and sex

Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

1
2
3
4
5
6

5. Distribution of young inmates by Educational Status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5
6
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

6. Availability of institutionalized or community-based rehabilitative and educational services, which offer care services.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..………....

7. Major problems and prospects/ future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….……...
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

F. Streetism
1. Trend in number of street dwellers
Number
Year
Male Female Total

2. Distribution of street dwellers by Causes

[Link]. Causes Number Percent

1
2
3
4
5

3. Distribution of Street dwellers by age and Sex

Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

1
2
3
4
5
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

4. Distribution of Street dwellers by Educational Status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

5. Distribution of Street dwellers by their need

[Link]. Need Number Percent

6. Consequences of being Street dwellers

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing services to Street dwellers by type of the service and number of
beneficiaries
Name of the Number of
S.N Type of the service provided
organization beneficiaries
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

8. Major problems and prospects/ future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..…..
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

G. Harmful Traditional Practice

1. Distribution of traditional harmful practices by type and number of victims

Number of victims
[Link]. Type of harmful practice
Male Female Total

2. Trend in number of harmful traditional practices

Year and number of victims
S.N Type of the harmful practice

3. Causes of the traditional harmful practices

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
4 Consequences of harmful traditional practices
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...

5. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations working on traditional harmful practices

S.N Name of the organization Service provided

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

6. Major problems and prospects /future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
H. HIV / AIDS

1. Trend in HIV positives base on volunteer council and test (VCT)

Number of volunteers who had their blood

Number of HIV Positives volunteers
tested
Year
Male Female Total Male Female Total

10. Trend in HIV positives mothers base on antenatal care sentinel surveillance (ANCSS)

Year Number of pregnant mothers who had Number of HIV Positives pregnant
their blood tested mothers
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Male Female Total Male Female Total

3. Trend in HIV positives mothers who received medicine for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PHTCT)
Number of mothers for whom the
Number of HIV Positives pregnant mothers
Year medicine was given
Male Female Total Male Female Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

4. Trend in the number of HIV positives who are using Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)

Number of HIV Positives who are using Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)
Year
Male Female Total

5. Distribution of HIV Positives by age and Sex

Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

6. Distribution of HIV Positives by Educational Status

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

7. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing services to HIV positives by type of the service and number of beneficiaries

Name of the Number of

S.N Type of the service provided
organization beneficiaries

8. Major problems and prospects /future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………....

I. Unemployment

1. Trend in unemployment

Number
Year
Male Female Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

2. Distribution of unemployed persons by age and sex

Sex
[Link]. Age Group
Male Female Total

3. Distribution of unemployed persons by educational status

[Link]. Educational Status Number Percent

4. Distribution of governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in reducing unemployment / job creation
Name of the Number of
S.N Type of Job Created
organization beneficiaries
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

5. Major problems and prospects /future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………....
J. Elders with out Familly Support
1. Trend in number of elders without family support
Number
Year
Male Female Total

2. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing support for elders without family support
Name of the Number of
S.N Type of support provided
organization beneficiaries
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

K. Women and Families in Economically Deprived Situation

1. Trend in number of women and families in economically deprived situation
Number
Year
Women Families

2. Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in providing support for women and families in economically deprived situation

Name of the Number of

S.N Type of support provided
organization beneficiaries

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Major problems and prospects future plans

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

L. Summay of Trend in the Number of People Affected by / involved in Different Social Problems

S.N. Type of the Problem Number and Year

1 Crime against persons and property,

Juvenile delinquency
2 Commercial Sex Workers (Prostitution)
3 Beggary
4 Harmful Traditional Practices
5 Streetism
6 Unemployment
7 Disability
8 Elders without family support
9 Women and family in economically
deprived situation
10 HIV/Aids
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

M. Summary of Distribution of Governmental and Non-governmental Organizations involved in Social welfare services by type of the service and number of
beneficiaries
Name of the Number of Type of the service
S.N Vulnerable group
organization beneficiaries provided
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.3: Economic Data Collection Formats

1. Land Use Profile

Size in Hectare by Year

[Link] Type of Land use

1 Cultivated land
1.1 Annual crops
1.2 Perennial crops
2 Grazing Land
3. Forest
3.1 Artificial/man made
3.2 Natural forest
3.3 Bush land
4 Potentially cultivable land
5 Non-cultivable land
6 Water body
7 Others(including
settlement)

2. Cultivated area and crop produced

Year

[Link] Crop type

Production Cultivated Production Cultivated Production Cultivated Production Cultivated Production
Cultivated area(H)
(in quintals) area(H) (in quintals) area(H) (in quintals) area(H) (in quintals) area(H) (in quintals)
1 Cereal Total
Teff
Barely
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Wheat
Maize
Sorghum
Millet
others
2 Pulses Total
Horse bean
Field peas
Chick peas
Vetch
Lentils
3 Oil seed Total
Niger seed
Rape seed
Lin seed
Sunflower
Sesame
4 Horticulture
Total
Onion
Garlic
Potato
Orange
Sugar beet
Banana
Papaya
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

3. Irrigation Development
Area under No. of Major crop
year Production(Q)
irrigation (h) Farmers produced

4. Livestock population
[Link] Type of Livestock Number
1 Cattle
Ox
Steer
Heifer
Cow
Calf
2 Equines
Donkey
Horse
mule
3 Goats
Sheep
4 Poultry

5. Distribution of Agricultural inputs and number of development agents

Year
Input type Unit

Fertilizer
Improved seed
Improved seedlings
Development Agents

Opportunities and Constraints of the Rural Economy

Crop Production (rain fed plus irrigation)
Opportunity/potentials:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Constraints:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..

Livestock production
Opportunity/potentials:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…. ……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………

Constraints:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

6. Municipal Finance (Revenue and Expenditure)

Revenue by year (‘000) Planned and Actual

Major Revenue
item
Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual

Total
Expenditure by year (‘000) Planned and Actual
Expenditure
Category
planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual
Capital exp.
Recurrent
Others
Total
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

7. Manufacturing
Number of establishments and employment by year
Type of industry
and location(Kebele)
No. Emp. No. Emp. No. Emp. No. Emp.

8. Trade and Service

Number of license issued and returned by year

Type
Issued Returned Issued Returned Issued Returned Issued Returned
Wholesal
e
Retail
Service

Major items traded and their origin:

Wholesale:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
Service:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..…

Major Problems:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………..…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..……………………………………………………

207
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9. Number of projects and expected employment creation capacity of approved projects

Year

Sector Workers Workers No. Workers

No. No.
Permanent. Tem. Perm. Tem. Perm. Tem.
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Service
Total
10. Number of cooperatives/ enterprises and number of persons by sector and sex

Year

Cooperatives
No. of No. of Grand Total
(by sector)
No. of persons No. of persons Total
coop Total coop
M F M F
Textile and Garment
Food processing
Wood and metal work
Construction
Municipal solid waste
collection
Urban agriculture
Gulit
Others

Investment climate:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….…

208
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Availability of serviced land:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

Infrastructure:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………...

Support institutions:
……………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………….....
……………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

209
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.4: Data Collection Formats for Physical Study

ክልል--------------- ዞን ------------- ወረዳ------------- ከተማ ------------

bkt¥ dr© y¸ä§

KFL xNDÝ ymB‰T xgLGlÖTN btmlkt

1 በ kt¥W yx¤l¤KT¶K xgLGlÖT ¥GßT yjmrbT zmN# y`Ylù MNu /›YnT XÂ /xQM/ xgLGlÖtÜN Ãgßù
ynb„ t«Ý¸ãC B²T# bþglA?
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1 kt¥W አሁን yx¤l¤KT¶K `YL የሚያገኘው ከየት ነው?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 xhùN ÆlW yx¤l¤KT¶K `YL Fí¬ /ኪሎ ዋት/ m¿rT bkt¥W l¸ñrW ÞZB MN ÃHL t=¥¶ `YL ÃSfLUL /በኪሎ
ዋት/? ÃlWN F§gÖTS xhùN ÆlW y¥mN=T xQM ¥à§T YÒ§L?
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 yx¤l¤KT¶K `YL ¥kÍfà ÈbþÃ/ካለ/ y¸gŸbT ï¬ kkt¥ê :DgT kl¤lÖC mmz¾ãC xNÉR xmcE nW? wd ¥kÍfÃ
ÈbþÃW y¸gÆW y`YL m«N bkþlÖêT bþglA# y¥kÍfà ÈbþÃW kFt¾ xQM SNT »U êT nW? lkt¥ê
y¸kÍflWS?
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------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 bkt¥W ymB‰T xgLGlÖT y¸Ãgßù qbl¤ãC ZRZR ydNb®C B²T --/b¿N«ri/\

ydNb®C B²T bxgLGlÖT ›YnT /1997/8

qbl¤
ÞZÆêE
ymñ¶Ã yNGD yxþNÇST¶ ymNGoT tÌ¥T l¤lÖC DMR
DRJèC
01
02

210
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

6. bkt¥W ymB‰T xgLGlÖT l¥GßT ytmzgbù xgLGlÖT f§gþãC B²T bqbl¤\

ytmzgbù xgLGlÖT f§gþãC bxgLGlÖT zRF

qbl¤
ÞZÆêE
ymñ¶Ã yNGD yxþNÇST¶ ymNGoT tÌ¥T l¤lÖC DMR
DRJèC
01
02
9. bkt¥W WS_ ymB‰T xgLGlÖT y¥Ãgßù xµÆbþãC /¿féC/ bqbl¤ዎች\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
10. bkt¥W WS_ y`YL X_rT y¸ÃU_àcW xµÆbþãC /¿féC/ bqbl¤ዎች\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------

11. bkt¥W WS_ SNT ymNgD mB‰èC /±lÖC/ xlù? ------------- ±lÖcÜ bkt¥W WS_ ySNT kþ/»TR RZmT
Y¹FÂlù? -------------------- ¥zU© b¤TÜ lmNgD mB‰T Fí¬ bwR bx¥µY MN ÃHL BR YkF§L?
---------------- x¥µY wR¦êE Fí¬W /bkþ.êT/ MN ÃHL nW? ---------------------

12. bkt¥W WS_ t=¥¶ T‰NSæRmR y¸ÃSfLUcW qbl¤ãC /xµÆbþãC yT®cÜ ÂcW? bDRJ¬Chù l¥zU©
b¤T yqrb yT‰NSæRmR /±L mTkÃ ï¬ _Ãq½ µl xµÆbþW yT‰NSæRm„ xQM y±lÖC B²T#
XNÄþhùM y¸¹FÂcW qbl¤ãC# xµÆbþãC wzt. bþgl™ù?

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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---------------------------------------------------------
13. ykt¥WN ymB‰T xgLGlÖT btmlkt y¸«qsù ê ê CGéCN X lþs«ù y¬sbù ymFTÿ ¦œïCN bþgL{ùLN?
bkt¥W :DgT ߧN §Y bþµttÜ Y«Q¥lù y¸Ælù ¦úïC µlù bþ«qsù?

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----------------------------------------------

211
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

KFL hùlT” ySLK xgLGlÖTN btmlkt#

1. bkt¥W ySLK xgLGlÖT ytjmrbT zmN? --------------- ySLkù ›YnT/dr© -----------------

2 xhùN bkt¥W y¸gßW yxgLGlÖT ›YnT -------------------------------- ytjmrW? --/›.M./
3. bkt¥W ySLK xgLGlÖT y¸Ãgßù qbl¤ãC bdNb®C ›YnT\

ydNb®C B²T bxgLGlÖT ›YnT /2000 ›.M/

qbl¤ ymNGoT ÞZÆêE xÄþS
ymñ¶Ã yNGD yxþNÇST¶ l¤lÖC DMR
tÌ¥T DRJèC ytmzgbù

4. bkt¥W SLK b¤tÜ y¸gŸbT ï¬ kxmcEnT xNÉR MN YmS§L? /bSÍT# b¥:k§êEnT# wzt./ /SÍtÜ b».Sk#ê½R
YglA/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. bkt¥W WS_ y¸gßù ydNb®C B²T /k2000-2004

ydNb®C B²T bxgLGlÖT ›YnT

zmN
ÞZÆêE
ymñ¶Ã yNGD yxþNÇST¶ ymNGoT tÌ¥T l¤lÖC DMR
DRJèC

6. bkt¥W ysLK xgLGlÖT SRuT hùn¤¬\ mÊT WS_ ytqbr mSmR RZmT እና አካባቢው ቢገለፅ?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. bkt¥W bxB²¾W Bzù _¶ãC y¸StÂgÇT kyT®cÜ h/ kxþT×’ùà ktäC UR nW?
l/ kWÀ hgéC /ktäC/ xHgùéC UR nW?
8. kt¥W kSLK xgLGlÖT bt=¥¶ y¸Ãg¾cW yxgLGlÖT xYnèC yT®cÜ ÂcW? /b x MLKT Ãú†N/\ h/ t½l¤G
‰M ----l/ t½l¤KS ----¼/ ÍKS ---- መ/ ሞባ YL---¿/ l¤lÖC /Ygl{ù/
12. bkt¥W WS_ t=¥¶ y¥kÍfà œ_N lmTkL bDRJtÜ yqrb yï¬ _Ãq½ µl ï¬W yk¤BL µsþtE X y¸¹FÂcWN
xµÆbþ
bþgL{ù?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
13. bkt¥W ySLK xgLGlÖT l¥GßT ytmzgbù «ÃqEãC B²T bxgLGlÖT ›YnT XÂ ktmzgbùT xgLGlÖT ÃgßùT
B²T
bþglA?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
14. bkt¥ WS_ ySLK xgLGlÖTN btmlkt y¸¬†TN ê ê CGéC bþgL{ù?
መፍሄዎችስ?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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212
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
KFL ƒSTÝ y±S¬ xgLGlÖTN btmlkt½
1. bkt¥W y±S¬ xgLGlÖT ytjmrW mc½ nW? ----------- ynbrW dr©S? -------------------------
2. bxhùnù s›T bkt¥W ÃlW y±S¬ xgLGlÖT ›YnT ---------------- dr©W kF ÃlbT zmN bþglA?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. bkt¥W y¸gßW y±S¬ xgLGlÖT y¸sÈcW ê ê yxgLGlÖT ›YnèC bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. bkt¥W ±S¬ b¤T ytk‰† œ_ñC B²T bÆlb¤T xYnT bzmN bþglA\
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
yGL ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -----------
yDRJT ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -----------
ymNGoT ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -----------
5. bkt¥W WS_ xÄþS y±S¬ œ_N lmk‰yT _Ãq½ Ãqrbù ÃmLµÓC B²T\ -------------
6. ktmzgbùT WS_ xgLGlÖT Ãgßù B²T -------------#
7. xB²¾ãcÜ ±S¬ãC ym«ùT kyT®cÜ
h/ yxþT×eà ktäC nW? /bQdM tktL bþglA/?
l/ kyt®cÜ yWÀ hgR ktäC nW /wYM xHgùR/?
8. ±S¬ b¤tÜ y¸gŸbT ï¬ xmcEnT MN YmS§L? lwdðT y¬sb yï¬ lW_ µl bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
9. kt¥W WS_ SNT y±S¬ msBsbþà œ_ñC xlù? /B²¬cW y¸gßùÆcW xkÆbþãC/qbl¤ãC/ bþgl{ù?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. bkt¥W b±S¬ xgLGlÖT bkùL ÃU«Ñ ê ê CGéC X ymFT¼¤ ¦œïC bþgL{ùLN?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------

213
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

KFL x‰TÝ yT‰NS±RT xgLGlÖTN btmlkt½

h/ ymnh¶Ã xgLGlÖT\
1. bkt¥W WS_ mn¦¶Ã µl y¸ÃStÄDrW/Ælb¤tÜ ¥N nW? ------------------ ymn`¶ÃW Yø¬ m«N SÍTÜ
b»TR Skùê½R Y«qS?
2. xhN ÃlW m¦¶Ã bqN bx¥µY lSNT t>kRµ¶ãC xgLGlÖT YsÈL?
lkFt¾ -------------------------- lmlSt¾ -------------------------- lxnSt¾
3. kFt¾ yt>kRµ¶ ቁ_R Æl gþz¤ /Peak Hour/ m¦¶ÃW bxND gþz¤ lSNT t>kRµ¶ãC xgLGlÖT Xys-
nW?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. mnh¶ÃW bxND l¤lþT SNT t>kRµ¶ãCN ÃStÂGÄL?
kFt¾ xWèBS? --------------------------
mµkl¾Â xnSt¾? ------------------------
5. bmnh¶Ã xgLGlÖT bkùL lï¬ lW_ wYM l¥SÍÍT yqrb _Ãq½ µl bþglA? lMN? XhùN ÃlW Yø¬
k¥:k§êEnT kxmcEnT xNÉR MN
YmS§L?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
6. bxhùnù s›T ÃlW ymn¦¶ÃW y¥StÂgD xQM Yø¬W CGR µlbT bþgL{ùLN\ /kmÊT xq¥m_ xNÉR#
k¥:k§êEnT xNÉR# kl¤lÖC xgLGlÖèC UR kmÈÈM xNÉR# kT‰ðK m=ÂnQ xNÉR
wzt/.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------

l. y?ZB ¥m§lš yt>kRµ¶ SM¶T

1. yxnSt¾Â mµkl¾ yÞZB ¥m§lš t>kRµ¶ãC SM¶T

1.1 bSM¶T xgLGlÖT bqN yt¿¥„T t>kRµ¶ãC B²T bmnšÂ mDrš /2004/\

mnš
DMR
mDrš

DMR

214
 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

1.2 k§Y btgl{W ySM¶T m«N ytÙÙzùT mNgd®C B²T /bt>kRµ¶ãC ymÅN xQM Sl¤T/ bþglA /2004\
mnš
DMR
mDrš

DMR

1.3. yT‰NS±RT xgLGlÖtÜ KFà kxgLGlÖtÜ xNÉR tmÈÈŸ nW? µLçn lMN? YH yKFà hùn¤¬ b¸ñrW
XNQSÝs¤ §Y MN CGR xSkT§*L? yÞZbùN F§gÖT k¥RµT xNÉR ÃlWN hùn¤¬
bþgL{ùLN?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
1.4 bxnSt¾Â mµkl¾ yÞZB ¥m§lš xgLGlÖT zRF y¬†T ê ê CGéC X mFTÿ lþçnù y¸Clù ¦œïC
/y¬qÇ :QìC/ bþgl{ù?
2. ykFt¾ yÞZB ¥m§lš t>kRµ¶ãC SM¶T ካለ\
2.1 bSM¶T xgLGlÖT bqN y¸¿¥„ t>kRµ¶ãC B²T bmnšÂ mDrš ------
2.2 k§Y btgl{W ySM¶T m«N ytÙÙzùT mNgd®C B²T /bt>kRµ¶ ymÅN xQM Sl¤T/ bþglA 2004
2.3 bkFt¾ yÞ/¥m§lš zRF k2000 XSk 2004 ytÙÙzW ÞZB B²T bþglA?
2..4 ykFt¾ yÞ/¥m§lš xgLGlÖT yHBrtsbùN F§gÖT k¥à§T xNÉR ÃlW t=Æu hùn¤¬ bþglA?
2.5 bkFt¾ yÞ/¥m§lš xgLGlÖT bkùL ì† ê ê CGéC X mFTÿ lþçnù y¸Clù /y¬qÇ :QìC wzt.... bþglA?
¼. bunT ¥m§lš T‰NS±RT zRF y¸ä§\
1. bkt¥W WS_ bunT ¥m§lš zRF yt¿¥„/ytd‰° ¥Hb‰T µlù S¥cW# yt>kRµ¶ãC B²T X ymÅN xQM
bþglALN?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------

2 kkt¥W UR kFt¾ TSSR çcW xµÆbþãC /ktäC yT®cÜ ÂcW /b¹q_ LWW_/ bQdM tktL bdr©
ÃSqMÈ*cW?
1. ----------------- 2 -------------------3. ------------------ 4. -------------------5. ---------------

3. kkt¥W wd kt¥W bxB²¾W y¸w«ù y¸gbù ê ê y¹q_ ›YnèC bmnšÂ mDrš

bþgL{ùL ን ù?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. bkt¥W yunT ¥m§lš t>kRµ¶ãC ¥ö¸Ã ï¬ xl? xmcEntÜN uMR bþgL{ùLN? kl¤l lwdðtÜ MN ÃHL xSf§gþ
XNdçn bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

215
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
5. bkt¥W bx¥µY bqN MN ÃHL yunT ¥m§lš t>kRµ¶ ይ St ገ ÄL? byT®cÜ qÂT? lwdðT yt«yq yt>kRµ¶
¥ö¸Ã ï¬ _Ãq½M µl bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
6. bunT ¥m§lš xgLGlÖT zRF y¬† ê ê CGéC X ymFTÿ ¦œïC bþgl{ù?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

m. U‰i# gù¸S¬# nÄJ ¥dÃ

1. bkt¥W WS_ SNT U‰i -----------------

gÖ¸S¬ ---------------
nÄJ ¥dÃãC ------------- xlù? KxgLGlÖècÜ F§gÖT /tf§gþnT xNÉR ÃlW SR+TÂ B²T bqE nW
Y§lù?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. XnzþH xgLGlÖèC y¸gßùÆcW ï¬ãC xmcEnT MN YmS§L? /kxµÆbþ AÄT# kt«Ý¸W F§gÖT# kkt¥ê
ywdðT :DgT# wzt xNÉR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. knzþH xgLGlÖèC UR btÃÃz ytf«r CGR µl bþ«qsù? lwdðT MN mFTÿ tfLÙL?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------

¿. yWS_ lWS_ mNgìC

1. ykt¥WN mNgìC btmlkt yt¿‰ µR¬ wYM _ÂT µl bþglA?
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------

216
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

2. bkt¥W WS_ y¸gßùT mNgìC dr©Â ›YnT XNÄþhùM SÍTÂ RZmT b¿N«ri bþglA?
ytÍsS mSmR XgLGlÖT yjmrbT
ymNgD ›YnT /dr©/ RZmT/bkþ.» SÍT/b»TR/
µlW/bkþ.»/RZmtÜ zmN
xSÍLT
yt«rg/««R
l¤lÖC
DMR

3. bxhùnù wQT bkt¥W WS_ y¸gßù mNgìC ykt¥WN yT‰ðK XNQSÝs¤ bBÝT ÃStÂGÄlù? y¥ÃStÂGÇ kçn
MkNÃtÜ bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. ykt¥W yWS_lWS_ mNgìC SRuT MN YmS§L? /tm«ÈŸ# bxND ï¬ ytk¥cÜ# yT‰ðK m=ÂnQ y¸f_„/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. ykt¥W yWS_ lWS_ mNgìC btÌ¥T bnê¶W xSÍfR §Y çcW tAXñ X bXNQSÝs¤ §Y y¸f_„T CGR µl
bþglA? /lMœl¤ bmNGoTM çn bGlsB xgLGlÖT sÀ DRJèC yï¬ MRÅ w.z.t/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. ykt¥W ymÊT xq¥m_# yxyR NBrT XÂ yxfR ›YnT bmNgìC S‰ §Y yf«rW CGR µl bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. ê êÂãcÜ ykt¥W yXNQSÝs¤ mSméC mNgìC yT®cÜ XNdçnù bþglALN /y¸Ãg—cW ¿féCN uMR/#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. bkt¥W t=¥¶ mNgìCN lmS‰T wYM lm«gN /l¥ššL/ ytÃz :QD µl bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. ykt¥WN mNgìC btmlkt y¸¬† ê ê CGéCN ymFTÿ ¦œïCN bþgL{ùLN?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. mNgDN btmlkt b¸s‰W ykt¥ê P§N WS_ bþµtT Y«Q¥L yMTlùT µl bþ«qS?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

217
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

KFL xMST yT‰ðK gA¬N btmlkt

1. bkt¥W WS_ bxB²¾W yT‰ðK xdU y¸ksTÆcW ï¬ãC wYM mNgìC tlYtW bþgl{ùLN?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. bkt¥W WS_ ÃlùTN yT‰N±RT xYnèC b›YnT bÆlb¤T B²¬cWN b¿N«ri /2000-2004./
bþgL{ùLN /U¶# BSKl¤T# ¬Ksþ# ¸nþÆS# ätRúYKL# yGL# ymNGoT# yDRJT/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. xB²¾W sW bkt¥W WS_ xzWTé y¸«qmW yT‰NS±RT ›YnT MNDN nW? /bQdM tktL/ bþglA?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. bk¥W WS_ lT‰ðK xdU mNSx¤ãC yçnùTN ê ê MKNÃèC bþgL{ùLN?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. kt¥W yT‰NS±RT xgLGlÖT t«Ý¸ntÜ XÃdg nW? µLçn lMN? mFTÿWN bþ«qÜÑN?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. bkt¥W ydrsW yT‰ðK xdU B²T b›YnT XNÄþhùM ydrsW gùÄT bÞYwT bgNzB sþtmN MN ÃHL
XNdçn b¿N«ri bþälùLN /2000-2004/

gþz¤¤
ydrs xdU mlkþÃ
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
h/ yxdUW ›YnT
1. bÞYwT §Y bqÜ_R
2. bNBrT §Y bBR
l/ yxdUW dr©

1. kÆD bqÜ_R
2. mµkl¾ bqÜ_R
3. q§L bqÜ_R

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7. bx¥µY kt¥WN xÌR ጠው y¸ÃL ፉ t>kRµ¶ዎች B²T bqN SNT nW? bkt¥W xDrW y¸ÃLÍS /xgR x̉u
xWèBS# yunT/ SNT ÂcW?
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8. ykt¥WN yT‰NS±RT XNQSÝs¤ gA¬ qdM µlùT ›m¬T UR xnÉArW bþgL{ùLN?
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[Link]¥W y¸¬yWN yT‰ðK xdU lmqnS y¸ÃSClù ymFTÿ ¦œïCN wYM wdðT b:QD ytÃzù o‰ãCN
bþgL{ùLN?
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KFL SDST” b¥zU© b@T/kt¥ wYM qbl@ xStÄdR {/b@T y¸ä§

h/ yq½‰ xgLGlÖT#
1. bkt¥W yq½‰ xgLGlÖT µl xgLGlÖtÜ mS«T ytjmrbT zmN mc½ nW? -----------------------bkt¥W WS_
SNT q½‰ xl? -----------------
bq½‰W/q½‰ãcÜ bqN y¸¬rdW m«N/bqÜ_R bþgL{ùLN/?
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2. bxhùnù s›T q½‰W ÃlbT xµÆbþ xmcEnT MN YmS§L? xgLGlÖT kkt¥W :DgT UR X kHZbù F§gÖT
UR YÈÈ¥L wY?
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3. bq½‰W l:RD y¸qRbùT XNSúT y¸gßùT kyT nW? bxB²W y¸m«ùbT ï¬ bþglA? q½‰W ÃlbT xµÆbþ
kkBT gbÃW UR sþnÉ{R RqtÜ wYM QRbtÜ MN YmS§L? yq½‰W ygbÃW xq¥m_ hùn¤¬ y¸ÃmÈW
CGR wYM y¸s«WN _QM bþgL{ùLN?
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4. q½‰W Fœ> öšš y¸ÃSwGdW bMN mLkù nW? drQ öššS XNÁT YwgÄL?
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5. bq½‰W xgLGlÖT x¿È_ §Y y¬† ê ê CGéC ymFTÿ ¦œïC y¬qÇ µlù bþglA?
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6. lwdðT yq½‰WN x¿‰R xgLGlÖT xsÈ_ l¥ššL y¬sb ነገር µl bþgl{ùLN?
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7. kq½‰ Wu XRD y¸kÂwN kçn XNÁT XNdçn hùn¤¬WN bþgL{ùLN?
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8. በከተማው ውስጥ የቄራ አገልግሎት ከሌለ lwdðT ለ¥ÌÌM yt«yq wYM y¬sb ï¬ µl bþgl{ùLN
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l. ygbà hùn¤¬N በ tmlkt

1. bkt¥W SNT ygbà ï¬ãC xlù?

y¹q_Â l¤lÖC ------------- SÍT /b»TR Skùê½R/ ------------- y¸gŸbT qbl¤ ---------
yXNSœT ---------- SÍT /b»TR Skùê½R/ ------------- y¸gŸbT qbl¤ --------

2. bkt¥W ê ê ygbà qÂT SNT ÂcW? --------------------- yT®cÜ qÂèC XNdçnù bþglA?

3. bgbà qÂT wd kt¥W y¸m«ù gbÃt®C ê ê xQÈÅãC mnš ktäC/xµÆbþãC bþgl{ù?

h/ ks»N xQÈÅ y¸m«ù\ ---------- ---------- ---------- --------
l/ kdbùB '' '' ---------- ---------- ----------- --------
¼/ kMo‰Q '' '' ---------- ---------- ----------- --------
m/ kM:‰B '' '' ---------- ---------- ----------- --------
4. ygbà ï¬N btmlkt bkt¥W y¬† ê ê CGéC bþglA\ /mFTÿãcÜ uMR/
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5. bxgÖ‰ÆC xµÆbþãC y¸gßù ê ê ygbà ï¬ãC/ktäC X ygbà qÂècÜ bZRZR bþglA?
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6. y¹q_ gbÃW lxND gbà xSf§gþ yçnù ngéCN xàLaL? /lMœl¤# m«lÃ# mdB# mUzN# >NT b¤T wzt.../
wdðTS XnzþHN hùlù l¥à§T bþÃSfLG bqE ï¬ xl?
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7. y¹q_ gbÃW Yø¬ xmcEnT# m:k§êEnT X yxgLGlÖT BÝT MN YmS§L? kHZbù B²T kt=¥¶ ygbà ï¬
F§gÖT xNÉR mSÍÍT y¸CL nwY? bt=¥¶ y¸ÃSfLgù ygbà ï¬ãC µlù bþgL{ùLN?
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¼. ykBT gbÃ
1. bkt¥W ykBT gbà xl? µl mc½ tÌÌm? byT¾W ykt¥W KFL Yg¾L? Bzù kBèC k¸m«ùbT xQÈÅ UR ytS¥¥
nWN?
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2. ykBT gbÃW Yø¬ kQRbT# kxmcEnT XÂ kAÄT wzt. xNÉR MN YmS§L?

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3. ytkllW ï¬ SÍT kkBècÜ B²T X knê¶W ÞZB F§gÖT UR ytÈÈm nW?----------------------
4. ykBT gbÃW bxµÆbþW yf«rW CGR µl bþglA# /lMœl¤ lkt¥W NIÞ gùDlT yT‰ðK m=ÂqQ/ wzt..
lwdðT y¬sb yï¬ lW_ µlM ï¬W X lþlw_ y¬sbbT MKNÃT YglALN?
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m. ymÝBR ï¬ãC

1. bkt¥W WS_ y¸gßùT yqBR ï¬ãC Yø¬ tS¥¸ nW? kkt¥ê :DgT# lþñR k¸gÆW ymÊT x«ÝqM# kHBrtsbù
F§gÖT xNÉR bþgL{ùLN?
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2. bkt¥ê tlêu wYM t=¥¶ yqBR ï¬ F§gÖT /_Ãq½ xl wY? µl byT¾W ykt¥W KLL lþçN ¬SÆ*L? lMN?
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3. yqBRN ï¬ btmlkt yqBR oF‰ yl¤lW y`Y¥ñT KFL xl? lMN?
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4. yqBR ï¬N btmlkt lþµttÜ y¸gÆcW ¦úïC µlù bþgL{ùLN?
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m. yXMnT /yxML÷/ ï¬ãC
1. bkt¥ê SNT b¤tKRStEÃñC mSkþìC xlù? y¸gßùbT ï¬ /qbl¤ bþgL{ùLN# M:mÂnù/ ÞBrtsbù bYø¬ãcÜ §Y
YS¥¥lù wY? µLtS¥Ñ lMN?
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2. yxML÷ /y{lÖT/ SF‰ãcÜ Yø¬ kkt¥ê :DgT X knê¶ãcÜ F§gÖT xNÉR bqE nWN? lwdðtÜ yt«yqÜ
yxML÷ /y{lÖT/ ï¬ãC µlù xµÆbþãcÜN bþgL{ùLN?
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3. kxML÷ oF‰ãC UR btÃÃz mLkù y¬† wYM ytf«„ CGéC µlù bþgl{ùLN? ymFTÿ ¦œB tBlW ytÃzù µlùM
bþ«qÜÑN?

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¿. ykt¥W xk¬tM :DgT hùn¤¬\

1. kt¥W ytörörbT zmN -------------------------------- ›.M.
2. kt¥W ynbrW Yø¬ /SÍT/ ---------------------------- kþ.».Skùê½R# xhùN ÃlW SÍT
-----------------kþ.».Skùê½R#
3. kt¥ê ytörörCbT ê MKNÃT /›§¥/ bþglA?
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4. kt¥ê xhùN yMTgŸbT hùn¤¬ MN YmS§L? bYbL_ bMN ¥:kLnT XÃglglC nW? /bxStÄdR# bNGD#
btܶST# b`Y¥ñT# bT‰NS±RT wzt../
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5. ykt¥W ymÊT xq¥m_ MN YmS§L? yxyR NBrtÜS
hùn¤¬?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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6. kt¥W XytSÍÍ ÃlbT xµÆbþ xmcE nW Y§lù? lMN? XmcE µLçn byT¾W xQÈÅ bþÃDG YmrÈL? ለ MN?
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8. ykt¥W X yxµÆbþW ymÊT xq¥m_ yxyR NBrT bkt¥W :DgT §Y MN tAXñ xœD…L? CGéC µlù tB
‰RtW bþglAÂ mFTÿÃcWN uMR bþ«qÜÑN?
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9. bkt¥W WS_ lWS_ wYM bQRbT y¸gŸ wNZ µl ywNzùN SM# ygÆR wNøcÜN SMÂ y¸fsùbTN xQÈÅ#
bkt¥W :DgT §Y ÃSktlùT CGéC /b«¤Â# bm¿rt L¥T GNƬ# bmñ¶Ã xµÆbþ BKlT# gÖRF# yxfR
m¹R¹R wzt.. tB‰Rè bþglALN?
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9. bkt¥W ktf_é xq¥m_ UR ytÃÃzù ê ê CGéC MNDÂcW? /gÖRF# ÂÄ#
wzt./---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. bkt¥W WS_ y¸ÃLfW wNZ lMN xgLGlÖT lþWL YC§L? xµÆbþWS lMN o‰ bþWL Y«Q¥L? lMN?
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11. bkt¥W WS_ SNT qbl¤ãC xlù? xk§llùS MNN m¿rT Ãdrg nW? yKLL lW_ tdRÙL wY? mc½? lMN?
lwdðTS? lMN?

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12. yxgLGlÖT tÌ¥T bB²T y¸gßùbT qbl¤ yT¾W nW? lMN? lwdðTS MN ¬SÆ*L?
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13 kt¥W WS_ /xµÆbþ bxB²¾W NÍS y¸nFsW kyT wÁT xQÈÅ nW?/ «êT ¥¬ tBlÖ tlYè bþglA/?
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14 kt¥W bxµÆbþW y¸gßù ê ê gùB¬ãC# t‰‰ãC# ÷rB¬ãC »ÄãC SM b¿N«ri bþglA?

y¸ÃêSÂcW
t.qÜ yt‰‰/÷rB¬/ »Ä SM kF¬ /kÆHR «lL b§Y b»TR xStÃyT
ktäC/mNdéC

1 t‰‰ /U‰/

2 ÷rB¬ /gùB¬/

3 Ȁ

xStÃyT b¸lW SR dN ylbs# yt¹r¹r# xl¬¥# wzt b¥lT yxµÆbþWN gA¬ b¥úyT YGl™ùLN?

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9.5. Data Collection Format for Urban Environmental Issues (የአካባቢ ጉዳዮች)
Region……………….Zone……………...Woreda……………City…………….

ሀ. የደረቅ ቆሻሻ
o በከተማው ዋና ዋና የደረቅ ቆሻሻ ምንጮች በስም ቢጠቀሱ ---------------------------------

o በከተማው የደረቅ ቆሻሻ ችግር ጎልቶ የሚታይባቸው አካባቢዎች ከነምክንያቱ

ቢገለጽ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o የከተማው ደረቅ ቆሻሻ አሰባሰብ ዘዴ/ስልት-----------------------------------------------------
o ለደረቅ ቆሻሻ አወጋገድ ሥራ ላይ የዋሉ ተሸከርካሪዎች ካሉ
 የተሸከርካሪ ብዛት------------------------
 የመጫን አቅም --------------------------
 የአገልግሎት ዘመንና ያሉበት ሁኔታ-------------------------------------------------------
o በከተማው የደረቅ ቆሻሻ ማቆያ ገንዳዎች ካሉ
 ብዛታቸውና የመያዝ መጠናቸው ቢገለጽ ---------------------------------------------------
 ለገንዳዎች ማስቀመጫ የተከለለ ቦታ ስለመኖሩ ቢገለጽ---------------------------------
 ለገንዳዎች ማስቀመጫ የተከለለ ቦታ ከሌለ ምክንቱ ቢገለጽ-------------------------------
o ለደረቅ ቆሻሻ ማስወገጃ የተከለለ ቦታ ካለ ዓይነቱ (ዘመናዊ ላንድ ፊል (sanitary landfill፣ በቁፋሮ የተዘጋጀ
ጊዜአዊ ማስወገጃ (Open Dump) ተለይቶ
ቢገለጽ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o ከደረቅ ቆሻሻ ማስወገጃ ቦታ ጋር የተያያዙ ችግሮች ካሉ ቢገለጽ----------------------------
o በደረቅ ቆሻሻጋር በተገናኘ በመደራጀት አገልግሎት የሚሰጡ ተቋማት ካሉ
 የተቋማት ብዛት --------------------
 የሰው ሓይል ብዛት በጾታ-------------------------------------------------------------------
 ከመሥሪያ ቦታና ሌሎች ጉጋዮች ጋር ተያያዥ የሆኑ ችግሮች ካሉ
ቢገለጽ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o አደገኛ ደረቅ ቆሻሻ (Hazardous Waste) የሚወገድበት ቦታ ካለ ለሰራተኖች፣ ለህብረተሰቡ፣ ለአካባቢ፣ ወዘተ
ደህንነት የሚደረግ አጠቃላይ ጥንቃቄ ካለ
ቢገለጽ-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
o በሚቀጥሉት 10 ዓመታት አዲስ የደረቅ ቆሻሻ ማሳገጃ ሥፍራ (Waste Disposal site) የመገንባት/የማሻሸል እቅድ
ካለ ቢገለጽ---------------------------------------------------

ለ. ፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ

1. በከታማው ዋና ዋና ፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ ምንጮች ቢጠቀሱ---------------------------------

2. የከተማው ፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ አወጋገድ እንዴት ይከናወናል-------------------------------

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3. በከተማው የፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ ማሰባሰቢና ማጓጓዠዣ መስመር የተዘረጋበት አካባቢና ርዝመት በኪ.ሜ. ቢገለጽ

(ከርታ ካለ ይያያዝ-----------------------------------------------

4. በከተማው የፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ ችግር ጎልቶ የሚታይባቸው አካባቢዎች ከነምክንያቱ

ቢገለጽ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. ለፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ ማስወገጃ የተከለለ/የተዘጋጀ ቦታ ካለ ነባራዊ ሁኔታው ቢገለጽ-----------

6. ከፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ አወጋገድ ጋር የተያያዙ ችግሮች ካሉ ቢገለጽ-------------------------------
7. በከተማው የህዝብ መጸዳጃ ቤቶች ካሉ በሠንጠረዡ ቢመመላከት

ያሉበት ሁኔታ
የክፍሎች
ቀበሌ/ አካባቢ የመጸዳጃ ቤቶች
ብዛት
ብዛት

8. በከተማው ተጨማሪ የህዝብ መጸዳጃ ቤቶች ግንባታ ለማከናወን እቀድ ካለ አካባቢው ተጠቅሶ
ቢገለጽ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. በሚቀጥሉት 10 ዓመታት አዲስ የፍሳሽ ቆሻሻ ማሳገጃ ሥፍራ (Liquid Waste Disposal site)
የመገንባት/የማሻሸል እቅድ ካለ ቢገለጽ----------------------------------

ሐ. የከተማ አረንጓዴ ቦታዎች

1. የአረንጓዴ ቦታዎች ስርጭትና ሽፋን በተመለከተ (ከመንገድ ዳር ውጭ ያሉትን ብቻ)

የአረንጓዴ ቦታው የሚገኝበት ስፋት በካ.ሜ. ባለቤት ያለበት ሁኔታ

ዓይነት/አገልገሎት ቀበሌ/አካባቢ

2. የመንገድ ዳር አረንጓዴ ቦታዎች ካሉ ርዝመታቸውና ያሉበት ሁኔታ ቢገለጽ--------------

3. በከተማው የሚገኙ የውሀ አካላትና ዳርቻዎች ለልዩ ልዩ አገልግሎቶች የሚውሉበትና የሚጠበቁበት አሠራር ካለ
ቢገለጽ ---------------------------------------------------------------
4. ከአረንጓዴ ቦታዎች ልማት ጋር በተያያዘ ዋና ዋና ችግርች ቢገለጹ--------------------------
5. ለአረንረጓዴነት በቀጣይል ለማልማት የተከለሉ/ የታቀዱ ቦታዎች ካሉ ቢገለጽ------------
6. ለከተማው አረንጓዴ በታዎች ልማት አገልግሎት የሚውል የችግኝ ማፍያ፣የቀልዝ ማምረቻ፣ ወዘተ ቦታዎች ካሉ
ቢገለጽ------------------------------------------------------
7. ከአረንጓዴ ቦታዎች ልማት ጋር የተገናኙ ዋና ዋና ችግሮች ቢገለጹ-----------------------

መ. የአካባቢ ብክለት እና የአየር ንብረት ለውጥ

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

1. በከተማው ዋና ዋና የብክለት መንስኤዎች ምንድናቸው?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
2. በአካባቢ ብክለት ዋና ተጠቂ የሆኑ
አካባቢዎች-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
3. በአካባቢ ብክለት ተጠቂ የሆኑ የህብረተሰብ ክፍሎች እና የጉዳቱ መጠን
ቢገለጽ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. የአካባቢ ብክለትን ለመቀነስና ለመከላከል እየተሰሩ ያሉ ወይም የታቀዱ ሥራዎች ካሉ
ቢገለጽ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. የከተማውን የአየር ንብረት ለውጥ ተጋለጭነት ለመቀነስ እየተሠራ ያለ ወይም የታቀደ ካለ ቢገለጽ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.6 : Data collection questionnaire / format for Geological Study

bz!H kt¥ WS_ xµÆb!W Sl¸kst$ ytf_é xdUãCN ¥lTM ymÊT mNq_q_½ y¯RF½ ymÊT
mÂD ¼Âļ mN¹‰tT ymÊT mSm_ ymúsl#TN l¥wQ ytzUj m-YQ½

I. m-Yq$N kmѧTã xSqDmW Sl‰Sã xNÄND ngéCN b!ÃúWq$ l¸s‰W |‰ -̸ mGlÅ
YsÈLÝÝ Slz!H xÆKãN y¸ktlWN bTKKL YmLs#ÝÝ

bz!H kt¥ lMN ÃHL g!z@ ñrêL) ____________________________________

kmc& XSk mc& _____________________________________________________
bz!H kt¥ WS_ yT yT xµÆb! nW yñ„T¿ kmc& XSk mc&
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
yxh#n# ymñ¶Ã xD‰šãN b!-Qs# kmc& jMé ________________________
__________________________________________________________________

II. kz!H q_lÖ Ãl#TN m-YöC ykt¥ãN ߧN l¥zUjT bXJg# YrÄ zND ytzU° Slçn b_N”q& xSbW XNÄ!äl#
bTHTÂ Y-y”l#ÝÝ

1. bz!H kt¥ s!ñ„ ymÊT mNq_q_ xdU xU_ä ÃW”L) ___________

µU-mS ï¬W________ w„ _______ ›.M. qn# __________ s›t$N ________ b!gLi#

2. ytkstW ymÊT mNq_q_ m-n# MN ÃHL YmSlÖ¬L) kÆD½ mµkl¾½ q§L

3. ymÊT mNq_q-# ÃdrsW xdU ¼bsW½ bXNSúT½ bNBrT¼ nbR ______

knbr bm-NM çn b›YnT YGli# ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

4. b¬¶K kqDä xÆèC ytngr SlmÊT mNq_q_ h#n@¬ y¸ÃWq$T g#ÄY µl b!ÃB‰
„ _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5. bkt¥ê yg-m ymÊT mÂD ¼Âļ½ ymÊT mN¹‰tT ymÊT mSm_ h#n@¬ãC tkStW ÃW”l#) µl# yT¾W
xµÆb! _______________________

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
mc& _________________________________________________________________

ydrsW g#ÄT bsW½ bXNSúT½ btf_é hBT wzt. MN ÃHL nW) ¼kÆD½ mµkl¾½ q§L¼
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
wdðT YH xdU Yks¬L BlW y¸f„T h#n@¬ xl) µl ï¬W¼xµÆb!W h#n@¬WN b!ÃB‰
„____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

6. bkt¥Â bxµÆb!W y¯RF xdU ¼CGR¼ xl) µlS ï¬WN __________________ g!

z@WNÂ________________ ›mt MHrt$N _____________bTKKL b!-q$Ñ
XSkxh#N ytkst$T y¯RF xdUãC MN ÃHL g#ÄT xDRsêL) __________
btdUU¸ ytkstbT |F‰ yT yT ï¬ nW) ________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. k§Y kt-qs#T ytf_é xdUãC bt=¥¶ XRSã y¸ÃWq$T l@§ µl b!ÃB‰
„ ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8. t=¥¶ xStÃyT µlãT b!gLi# ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

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 STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

9.7 ykt¥ yW¦ xgLGlÖTN btmlkt

1. bkt¥W yNi#H m-_ W¦ xgLGlÖT SRuT h#n@¬ MN YmS§LÝÝ

bkt¥W ytmzgb# x¥µY ykt¥W

ydNb®C B²T bxgLGlÖT ›YnT 2004 ›.M y¸gß# xgLGlÖT yWh Fí¬ m-N
qbl@ ¥dÃãC B²T f§g!ãC B²T bl!TR
ymNGST HZÆêE
ymñ¶Ã yNGD yxNÇST¶ l@lÖC DMR
tÌ¥T DRJèC
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
DMR

2. kt¥W yNi#H m-_ W¦ t-”¸ yçnW mc& nWÝÝ ___________________________

3. lkt¥W Wh xQRïT y¸WlW W¦ kyT kyT Yg¾LÝÝ

h. _LQ g#Dg#êD
_LqT yW¦ kF¬ x¥µY MRT

yg#Dg#êÇ _LqT ykRs MDR Wh kF¬ yMRT m-N

yg#Dg#êÇ SM y¸g"bT ï¬ ytöfrbT zmN
b»TR b»TR bl!/ s@÷ND

230
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

l. MN+
yMNŒ SM y¸gßbT ï¬ yts‰bT zmN yMRT m-N xh#N ÃlbT h#n@¬

/. wNZ
ywNz# SM yts‰bT zmN yts‰bT zmN yMRT m-N xh#N ÃlbT h#n@¬

4. yWh SR+T h#n@¬

h. yWh mSmR h#n@¬
ymSmR m-N RZmT¼bk!»¼

5. yW¦ MRT h#n@¬

h. ÆlûT 5 ›m¬T wR¦êE yW¦ MRT m-N MN ÃHL nbR

yW¦ MRT m-N

ybjT ›mT
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
/Ml@
n/s@
mSkrM
_QMT
HÄR
¬HúS
_R
yµtET
mUb!T
¸ÃZÃ
GNïT
sn@
DMR

231
STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

6. ÆlûT 5 xm¬T yW¦ Fí¬ m-N MN ÃHL nbR

yW¦ Fí¬ m-N bl!TR

ybjT ›mT
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
/Ml@
n/s@
mSkrM
_QMT
HÄR
¬HúS
_R
yµtET
mUb!T
¸ÃZÃ
GNïT
sn@
DMR

7. ykt¥W yW¦ ¬¶F MN ÃHL nWÝÝ

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ykt¥W yW¦ _‰T bMN ›YnT h#n@¬ §Y Yg¾LÝÝ W¦W kms‰=t$ bðT MN ›YnT HKMÂ YdrGl¬LÝÝ yW¦W _‰TS
bMN ÃHL Gz@ MRm‰ YµÿDl¬LÝÝ
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. bWh xgLGlÖT z#¶Ã Ãl# ê ê CGéC MN MN ÂcWÝÝ
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ykt¥WN yW¦ xgLGlÖT l¥ššL ytzUj y3¼5 ›mT ST‰t&©!K XQD µl b!
gl}LNÝÝ ............................................................................................................................

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Annex 10: Tools for Data Analysis

10.1 Methods of Analysis for Data on Social Development Issues

1. Demographic Methods

A. Population Characteristics

- Sex Ratio at Birth

Sex ratio at birth = Male Births X 100

Female births
- General Sex Ratio:

The general sex ratio = All males X 100

All females

- Dependency Ratio

Young Dependency Ratio = Children under 15 years X 100

Persons aged 15 – 54 years

Old Dependency Ratio = Persons aged 65+ X 100

Persons aged 15 – 64 years

Overall Dependency Ratio = Young Dependency Ratio + Old Dependency

Ratio

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

B. Population Projection

Exponential Equation: - The function for exponential equation can be expressed as

P t = P e rt
o

Given two observations at different periods, for instance P t and P o , the growth rate r
can be estimated as follows.

p rt
e
t

p o
=

pt

ln
( ) po
= ln ( e rt ) = rt
pt
ln
rt = to

1 p

r=
t
ln t
po ( )
Once the growth rate is estimated and the initial population size ( P o ) and the projection

period (t) is known then the equation

P t = P o e rt

Can be used to estimate the population size ( P t ) after t years.

Steps for estimation of Population Growth Rate

Step 1 - Divide Pt by P0 = Pt / P0

Step 2 - Take ln (exponential) of the result in step 1 = ln (Pt / P0 )

Step 3 - Divide the result in step 2 by the time = (ln (Pt / P0 )) / t

Step 4 - Multiply the result in step 3 by 100 = ( (ln (Pt / P0 )) / t) * 100

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Steps for Population Projection

Pt P0 ert
=

Step1 - Convert the growth rate in to decimal number

(Exal. r = 2.4% ® r = .024)

Step 2 - Multiply the converted rate by time (t), projection period

= txr

Step 3 -Take the exponential of the result in step 2 using calculator

= ert
Step 4 - Multiply the result in step 3 by base year population (P0)
= P0 ert
Example on estimation of GR

Given
P1994 = 25,000, P1984 = 10,000, t = 10 year

r =?

 St 1 - P1994 / P1984 = 25,000 / 10,000 = 2.5

 St 2 - ln (P1994 / P1984) = ln 2.5 = 0.916

 St 3 - 1/t ln (P1994 / P1984) = 1/10 x 0.916 = 0.0916

 St 4 - r = 1/t ln (P1994 / P1984 ) x 100 = 0.0961 x 100

r = 9.61 %

Example on population projection

Given

r = 4 %, Po = P2002 = 10,000 (Initial population)

t = 10 year

Pt = P2012 = ?

Pt = Poe r x t

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

P2012 = P2002e r x t

Step 1 – Convert the rate, r = 4% = 0.04

Step 2 – Multiply the rate by time, r x t = 0.04x10 = 0.4

Step 3 – Take the exponential, erxt = e.4 = 1.49

Step 4 – Multiply by initial popn. Poe r x t = 1.49 x 10,000 = 14,900

P2012 = 14,900

Example on estimation of GR

Given
P1994 = 25,000, P1984 = 10,000, t = 10 year

r =?

 St 1 - P1994 / P1984 = 25,000 / 10,000 = 2.5

 St 2 - ln (P1994 / P1984) = ln 2.5 = 0.916

 St 3 - 1/t ln (P1994 / P1984) = 1/10 x 0.916 = 0.0916

 St 4 - r = 1/t ln (P1994 / P1984 ) x 100 = 0.0961 x 100

r = 9.61 %

Example on population projection

Given

r = 4 %, Po = P2002 = 10,000 (Initial population)

t = 10 year

Pt = P2012 = ?

Pt = Poe r x t

P2012 = P2002e r x t

Step 1 – Convert the rate, r = 4% = 0.04

Step 2 – Multiply the rate by time, r x t = 0.04x10 = 0.4

Step 3 – Take the exponential, erxt = e.4 = 1.49

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Step 4 – Multiply by initial popn. Poe r x t = 1.49 x 10,000 = 14,900

P2012 = 14,900

B. Estimation of Additional Health Institutions

The steps for estimation of additional requirement for health institution are:

1. Projection of the current population size;

2. Calculation of additional population during the planning period; and,

3. Estimation of additional health institution based on the additional population

taking the standard set by the Ministry of Health in to account.

C. Estimation of Future Needs of Housing Units

The need for additional housing units shall be estimated according to the following categories:
 Replacement Units: Housing units potentially requiring replacement should be
identified and taken in to account when estimating additional housing units.
 Existing Overcrowding: Housing units currently overcrowded (housing units with more
than one household) shall be identified and the number of families for whom housing
is needed to alleviate overcrowding should be estimated.
 New family formation: New family formation refers to the total number of families or
households that are expected to be formed during the planning period.
To estimate future demand of housing unit on the basis of new household formation follow the
following steps.
1. Project future population size;

2. Calculate additional population during planning period;

3. Assume future average household size based on trend observed in the past;

4. Calculate additional households based on the assumed averages house hold size and the
projected population;

5. Project future household-housing unit ratio on the basis of trend observed in the past; and,

6. From the assumed household-housing unit ratio and the estimated additional households,
estimate additional housing unit.

B. Estimation of Additional Health Institutions

The steps for estimation of additional requirement for health institution are:

4. Projection of the current population size;

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

5. Calculation of additional population during the planning period; and,

6. Estimation of additional health institution based on the additional population

taking the standard set by the Ministry of Health in to account.

C. Estimation of Future Needs of Housing Units

The need for additional housing units shall be estimated according to the following categories:
 Replacement Units: Housing units potentially requiring replacement should be
identified and taken in to account when estimating additional housing units.
 Existing Overcrowding: Housing units currently overcrowded (housing units with more
than one household) shall be identified and the number of families for whom housing
is needed to alleviate overcrowding should be estimated.
 New family formation: New family formation refers to the total number of families or
households that are expected to be formed during the planning period.
To estimate future demand of housing unit on the basis of new household formation follow the
following steps.
7. Project future population size;

8. Calculate additional population during planning period;

9. Assume future average household size based on trend observed in the past;

10. Calculate additional households based on the assumed averages house hold size and the
projected population;

11. Project future household-housing unit ratio on the basis of trend observed in the past; and,

12. From the assumed household-housing unit ratio and the estimated additional households,
estimate additional housing unit.

(P10-14, P15-19, P20-24 represents projected population size in the respective age group for
year 2012 E.C)

 FE = FPR x FSP = 0.95 x 2040 = 1938 students

 Future Enrollment (FE) = 1938 students

 Additional Enrollment = FE - Current Enroll

= 1938 - 900 = 1000

 Standard for S.S.S = 800 students per school

 Additional school = 1 S.S.S for 800 students and

5 class rooms fro 200 students

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Example on Estimation of Future Demand of Health services

Steps

St 1 - Current population = 25,000

St 2 - Projected population (10 year) = 75,000

St 3 - Additional population = 50,000

St 4 - Additional health center = 2

Example on Estimation of Future Demand of Housing Units (HU) based on New Household
Formation

Given

Current (2002 E.C) Housing Units = 2000,

Current Households = 5000,

Average current Household Size = 5,

Base year (2002 E.C) Population size = P 2002 = 25,000,

Planning period = 10 years

Additional housing unit in 2012 =?

Steps

Step 1 - Projected population size, P2012 = 35,000;

Step 2 - Additional population = 10,000;

Step 3 - Additional households = 10,000 / 5 = 2,000;

Step 4 - Current HH / HU ratio = 1:2.5, Future HH/HU = 1:1.5;

Step 5 - Additional housing unit = 2000 / 1.5 = 1,333

(Assuming HH/HU ration in 2002 declines to 1:1.5 in 2012)

If we assume one to one ratio (1:1) of between the additional number of households and
housing units, future demand of housing unit will be equal to the additional number of
households (2000) during the planning period.

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

10.2. Methods of Analysis for Economic Data

2.1. Growth index calculation:

The growth index converts absolute data (including employment, output, and productivity) in a
reference year for any number of economies into a common value (normally 100). This enables
simple comparisons of relative performance, particularly for absolute values that differ substantially.

Growth index is applied to identify:

 How various aspects of the local economy’s performance compare with other economies
over time?
 Which local growth patterns are driven by shocks or cycles? And which patterns are long-
term trends?

Year n + 1 index = (((year n + 1 - year n)) / year n) x 100;

2.2. Sector Share Analysis

Sector share analysis is probably the most common tool used to analyze economic structure of a
town/city. It identifies significant industries in the town/city and provides important insights into how
national sectoral trends might affect the local economy. The analysis takes data on employment
and/or output (such as GDP and total production) in each sector and calculates them as a share of
the total economy.
Sector Share Analysis is applied to identify

 What the basic structure of the city’s economy is

 Which sectors contribute the most to the local economy in terms of employment, and/or
output

2.3. Location Quotient (LQ)

Location quotient is one of the most widely used measures of specialization and industrial
concentration of a local economy. The location quotient takes the relative size of any sector
(most commonly measured by employment or output) and compares it with equivalent rate in a
reference economy (usually regional or national level). Therefore, this tool calculates how closely
the local economy mirrors the structure of the national economy and in which sectors the local
economy is more or less specialized.
LQ is simply the ratio of the percentage of local employment or output in any sector to the
equivalent percentage for the reference economy.
It can be expressed as:

LQ = ei /e /Ei /E

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Where:

ei = Local employment in industry i,

e = Total local employment,

Ei = National (or reference economy) employment in industry i, and

E = Total national (or reference economy) employment.

LQ = 1, Indicates the local economy and the reference economy have an identical share of an
industry; (the economy is self-sufficient).

LQ > 1, Means that the local economy has a greater share of that sector than the reference
economy, the sector provides more goods and services than are consumed locally, imply that
sector is exporter.

LQ < 1, Means that the local economy has a smaller share of that sector than the reference.

2.4. Shift Share Analysis

The shift share analysis assesses the performance of the sectors of a local economy—typically
measured by employment growth—relative to a larger reference economy (most commonly the
national economy). This tool is relatively simple and effective way to measure the
competitiveness of both individual sectors and the overall economy. It examines the change (i.e.,
growth or decline) in a local economy by decomposing it into three components: national share
(NS), industrial mix (IM), and regional share (RS).
A. National share (NS):

Measures the regional economic change that could have occurred if the region had grown at the
same rate as the reference area
Formula:

NS = Industry employment (base year) x national average growth rate of total employment

Growth rate = (e2 – e1)/e1

Where e2 = employment at time period 2, and e1 = employment in time period 1.

B. Industrial Mix (IM):

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

Measures the share of local economic change that can be attributed to the local area industry
mix, and reflects the degree to which the local area specializes in industries that are fast or slow
growing nationally.

Formula:

IM = Ei x(Ri-R) Where:

Ei  Base year employment in industry i of the local economy

Ri  The rate of growth of industry I in the benchmark/influence area
R  The rate of growth of all economic activity in the benchmark/influence area

A local economy that contains a relatively large share of industries that are fast (slow) growing
nationally will have a positive (negative) industry mix effect.

C. Regional Share (RS):

Measures the change in a particular industry in the region due to the difference between the industry’s
local growth (decline) rate and the industry’s reference area growth rate. It indicates growth or decline in
industries due to the local area’s competitive position in a given industry.
Formula:

RS = Ei x( ri-Ri) where:

Ei,  Base year employment in industry i of the local economy.

r i  The rate of growth of industry i in the Local economy

Ri  The rate of growth of industry i in the benchmark/reference area

Data Requirement: -Employment by sector

Regional Share Analysis is applied to identify

 How well the different sectors in the local economy are performing relative to a reference economy

 How much of the employment growth experienced by a local economy can be accounted for by the
national growth rate

 How much of the employment growth experienced by a local economy can be accounted for by the
mix of industries in a local economy?

 How much of the employment growth experienced by a local economy can be accounted for by
local factors

10.3. Methods of Analysis for Physical Data

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

10.3.1. Density

 Crude population density = Total population

Total area (km2)

 Agricultural density = Rural population

Cultivated land (km2)

 Physiological density = Total population

Cultivable land (km2)

10.3.2. Level of Urbanization

Level of urbanization = Total Urban Population x 100

Total Population

10.3.3. Shape Analysis

The shape of a town can be assessed by using different compactness indices such as Length-
Breadth ratio, Compaction index, Elongation ratio and Circularity ratio which helps to know
whether a certain town has a compact morphology or elongated in its shape which further affects
the cost for infrastructure development and the level of incorporating fertile agricultural land.
Compact urban shapes are advantageous in this regard.

A. Length- Breadth ratio (L-B) ratio ;

= Length of long axis of an area

Length of short axis of an area

Long axis: - a line joining the farthest points on the boundary in a straight line

Short axis: - the longest line perpendicular to the long axis between two other points on the
boundary.

B. Compaction Index (C.I):

It is a more refined measure of compactness and is defined as:

= Area of the biggest inscribing circle

Area of the cell (an area) being measured

 Results approaching a unit (one) indicate more compact shape and vice versa.

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STRUCTURE PLAN MANUAL MUDH

 Identify problems of interaction and infrastructure provision that arise due to

elongated (linear) shape

10.3.4. Slope Analysis

 Use GIS techniques (if available)

 If you work manually, follow the following procedures
i. Get base map with contour lines ,
ii. Classify & delineate contour lines with similar spacing,
iii. Measure horizontal distance (H.E) using scale(ruler),
iv. Identify vertical interval (V.I) , and employ:

Slope = vertical interval x 100 percentage and if x60 in terms of degree

Horizontal Equivalent

N.B. If two points on the hill side are projected on to a horizontal plane, as they are on the map, the
distance between them is known as the Horizontal Equivalent, while the difference vertical height
between the two points is known as Vertical Interval.
 Classify the slopes and produce a slope map with appropriate shading or
standardized color (0-1%, 2-5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20% and > 20%).
 Calculate area of each slope class and recognize (identify) the total area that
could be potentially suitable for urban development.
 Identify areas subjected to flooding and water stagnation (<1%)
 Identify areas with excessive slope for urban development activities (>
20%).

10.3.5. Temperature Analysis

 Get 10 years climatic data from National Meteorological Agency, then (if not available use at
least 5 years data).
 Calculate mean daily, monthly and annual temperatures and present using tables and
graphs
o Mean daily temperature = max. Daily temp. + Min. daily temp.
Two

o Mean monthly temp. = Sum of mean daily temperature for the month
Number of days in the month

o Mean annual temp. = sum of mean monthly temperature for one year
Twelve
 Identify extreme low and high temperatures

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10.3.6. Rainfall Analysis

Mean annual rainfall = sum of ten or more years yearly rainfall

Number of years

10.3.7. Procedures for Wind Direction/Speed Analysis

 Get wind data (usually about 10 years daily observations are available);
 Tally daily observations by categorizing in to main wind directions and speed categories;
 Summarize daily observation in to months and year. Finally tabulate cumulative
observation of wind direction and speed in one table;
 Interpret the result ; and
 Identify the prevailing wind direction and evaluate wind speed.

10.4. Methods of Analysis for Storm Water Drainage Data

The collected data could be analyzed using mathematical expressions such as percentages,
averages, and comparisons and empirical equations. Moreover, collected data could be
analyzed using computer softwares/ programs such as GIS, AutoCAD, Excel, etc and
presented using statistical tools such as tables, charts, figures/maps and plates.

I. Analysis of data on basin/ watershed characteristics

o Map major rivers/ streams and tributaries and other water bodies such as
lakes
o Delineate watersheds/ sub watersheds and estimate basin size
o Assess erosion and sedimentation conditions
o Assess the terrain characteristics- peak elevations, low-lying areas, etc.
o Analyze land use, land cover, water use and soil characteristics
o Estimate the average gradient of rivers and analyze river flow
characteristics

II. Estimation of peak flow

Rational formula

The rational formula is an empirical formula relating runoff to rainfall intensity. It is

expressed in the following form:

Q =0.00278 CIA
Where, Q = peak flow in cubic meters per second (m3/s)
A = drainage area in hectares
C = runoff coefficient (weighted)

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I = rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour (mm/hr)

Basic Assumptions
 The peak rate of runoff (Q) at any point is a direct function of the average rainfall
intensity (I) for the time of concentration (Tc) to that point.
 The recurrence interval of the peak discharge is the same as the recurrence
interval of the average rainfall intensity.
 The time of concentration is the time required for the runoff to become
established and flow from the most distant point of the drainage area to the point
of discharge.

The rational method provides the most reliable results when applied to small, developed
watersheds and particularly to roadway drainage design. The validity of each assumption
should be verified for the site before proceeding.
Procedure
After obtaining the required information for each site:

a) Select the appropriate C (runoff coefficient) value.

b) Determine the time of concentration (Tc). (Minimum Tc is 10 minutes).
c) Determine the rainfall intensity rate (I) for the selected recurrence intervals.
d) Compute the design flow (Q = 0.00278 CIA).
Value for C:

The runoff coefficient (C) accounts for the effects of infiltration, detention storage, evapo-
transpiration, surface retention, flow routing and interception. The product of C and the
average rainfall intensity (I) is the rainfall excess of runoff per hectare.

The runoff coefficient should be weighted to reflect the different conditions that exist or
expected to exist in the future within a watershed.

A 1 C 1 + A 2 C2 . .. An C n
C w=
Example: A1 +A 2 . .. A n

Select the appropriate value for C from the following table.

Determination of Rainfall Intensity Rate (I):

The rainfall intensity i is the average rainfall rate in millimeters per hour for a particular
drainage basin or sub basin. The intensity is selected on the basis of the design rainfall
duration and return period. The design duration is equal to the time of concentration for
the drainage area under consideration. The return period is established by design
standards or chosen by the hydrologist/ engineer as a design parameter.

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Runoff is assumed to reach a peak at the time of concentration tc when the entire
watershed is contributing to flow at the outlet.

The general equation (Bell 1969) can be summarized as follows:

t 60
R T =(0 .21 ln T + 0. 52)(0 . 54 t 0. 25−0 . 5) R 10

For 2  T  100 Years and 5  t 120min

Where, RtT = rainfall depth in mm of a 'T' years return period in 't' minute duration,
T = recurrence interval (return period) of storm in years
t = rainfall duration (min),
R 10 =
60
rainfall depth in mm of one hour duration and 10 years return
period.

IDF curves are developed for the corresponding rainfall intensities.

A standard form of the relation often used is

a
i=
(b+td )c
Where, I = rainfall intensity for a selected return period (mm/hr)
b = regionally applicable constant
a & c = Obtained through a linear bi-variate regression method based on
rainfall data
td = Rainfall duration (hrs)

Taking the logarithm of both sides,

a
log i=log
( (b+t d ) )
log i=log a−log(b+t d )
This equation resembles a straight line with an equation of the form

Y =K −ck
Y =logi
K=log a
X =log(b+t d )
Where, i = in mm/hr
t = in hr

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Usually the value of 'b' falls in the range of 0.2 - 0.4 and good estimate of the constants 'a' and 'c'
can be found using the final value of 'b', that gives a good correlation between two variables.

Typical rainfall intensity duration frequency curves are presented as follows.

180

160

140
Inte ns ity , i(m m /hr)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150
Duration,t(min)

2yrs freq. 5yrs freq. 10yrs freq.

Fig: Typical Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves

Time of concentration
The time of concentration, as defined earlier, is the time required for the runoff to become
established and flow from the most distant point of the drainage area to the point of discharge or in
other words it is the time for a drop of water to flow from the remotest point in the watershed to the
point of interest.

Different equations of time of concentration could be used for inner and peripheral areas of urban
centers.

I) Airport or Federal Aviation Administration (1970) Methods could preferably be used for inner
areas (for the developed areas of urban centers)

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Table Equations Used to Determine Time of Concentration

Method and Date Equations for Tc (in min otherwise stated) Remarks

Airport Tc = 3.64 (1.1 –c) L0.83/ H0.33 Airport formula used when the land is
covered more than 75% by impervious
Where: Tc = Time of Concentration (hrs) layer.
L = Flow length from the remotest
point to the point of interest in
km
H = Elevation difference in m
C= Runoff coefficient (Unitless)

Federal Aviation Tc = 1.8(1.1-C)l0.50/S0.333 Developed from air field drainage data

Administration assembled by the corps of Engineers;
(1970) C = Rational method runoff coefficient method is intended for use on airfield
L = Length of overland flow, ft drainage problems, but has been used
S = Surface slope, % frequently for overland flow in urban
basins.
Source: Applied Hydrology, Ven Te Chow, 1988, pp 500

II) SCS method, for peripheral catchments (cultivated areas, ridges etc.)

0.385
0. 87 L3
T c≡ (
H )
Units of Tc, L, and H are the same as above.

In case of sewer lines, because the areas contributing to most storm sewer inlets are
relatively small, it is also customary to determine the inlet time on the basis of experience
under similar conditions. Inlet time decreases as the slope and imperviousness of the
surface increases, and it increases as the distance over which the water has to travel
increases and retention by the contact surfaces increases. The minimum time of
concentration used shall be 10 minutes.
Tc influences the shape and peak of the runoff hydrograph. Development usually decreases the
Tc, thereby increasing the peak discharge, but Tc can be increased as a result of (a) ponding

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behind small or inadequate drainage systems, including storm drain inlets and road culverts, or
(b) reduction of land slope through grading.

b) Manning’s formula

The most widely used formula for determining the hydraulic capacity of storm drains for gravity
and pressure flows is the Manning’s formula and it is expressed by the following equation.

V = 1 R2/3S1/2
n

Where: V = mean velocity of flow, m/s

n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
R = hydraulic radius, m = area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter (A/WP)
S = the slope of the energy grade line, m/m

c) Minimum Grades

All storm drains shall be designed such that velocities of flow will not be less than 0.76m/s at
design flow. For very flat grades the general practice is to design components so that flow
velocities will increase progressively throughout the length of the pipe system. The storm
drainage system shall be checked to be sure there is sufficient velocity in all of the drains to deter
settling of particles. Minimum slopes required for a velocity of 0.76 m/s can be calculated by
rewriting Manning's formula as shown below or by using tabular values.

( nV ) ²
S= 4
R 3

For more tools on the analysis of drainage and flood control studies refer to the manual prepared
by the then Ministry of Works and Urban Development and other manuals.

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Annex 8: Criteria / Factors to be considered In the Selection of Site for Various

Land Use Categories
1. Sites for residential areas:

 Should be free from black cotton soil, as much as possible.

 Unless there is a constraint, it is highly advisable to locate residential quarters in all corners of the
town;
 Should have gentle slope i.e., 1%-15%. However, a slope between 1% and 10% is highly
recommendable; and,
 Should be free from exposure to natural disaster such as geological hazards (such as land and
mud slides and rock fall), flood, malaria affected areas (unless both are protected/ treated properly),
etc.
2. Sites for commerce and trade activities:

 Sites for commerce and trade activities should be proposed:

o In the main and sub centers of the town;

o Along the main roads of the town; and,
o At the junctions of functionally important roads.

3. Sites for administration ought to be located:

 In all directions;
 Along the collector roads; and,
 Far from commercially active areas.

4. Sites for services

A. Education and Health

 They should be amidst residential quarters;

 The site should be of gentle slope i.e., 1-10%;
 They should not be exposed to geological hazard, flooding, malaria
 They should not be closer to pollutant warehouses and commercially active areas and
bus terminals.

B. Worship Places

 Worshiping places should be in accessible areas defined by major roads;

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 They should be evenly distributed spatially;

 They should not be closer to health and educational service rendering institutions;

C. Utilities

 Telecommunication and postal offices should be located amidst commercially active

areas and/or in the inner part of the town; and,
 They should be well defined by major roads.

5. Sites for Manufacturing and Storage

 Pollutant industries should be located against the prevailing wind direction of the town;
 Pollutant industries should not be proposed closer to residential quarters and health and
educational service rendering institutions;
 In order to maintain the beauty of the town, industries and warehouses should not be
proposed along urban arterial (road crossing the town/city);
 Storages (non toxic and explosive) can be proposed closer to residential quarters. But it
is not advisable to put them together with residential units on the same block.

Sites for Manufacturing and Storage…cont’d

 Garages and workshops can be proposed closer to residential quarters. But, upon implementation,
the municipality should strictly enforce laws to oblige them to use appropriate technologies so that
the level of pollution can be reduced; and,
 For skin and hide stores apply the same criteria employed for pollutant industries.

6. Sites for Recreation

 Play lots, playgrounds and small green spaces should be proposed at neighborhood level amidst
residential quarters, and they should be evenly distributed in the town;
 Sport center should be proposed on sites not far from the inner part of the town;
 As much as possible they should be located with in a range of 1-10% slope and they should be free
from flood prone areas; and,
 Sport field should be proposed at a Kebele level, while the rest of the criteria are more or less the
same to that of sport center.
7. Sites for Agriculture

 Areas designated for horticulture, grazing and other farming activities are usually situated along
streams, swampy and flood prone,

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 Animal husbandry should be proposed against the prevailing wind direction of the town; and,
 The slope should be gentle (1-10%).

8. Sites for Forest and Informal Green

 Areas like mountainous, gullies and river banks can be designated for forest and informal green;
and
 Nursery site should be proposed along riverbank, streams and ponds.

9. Sites for Special Function

 Natural and man made constraints that could not be directly put in to urban land. These are:
o Natural constraints like flood prone areas, rocky areas, area exposed to rock fall and
mudslides, etc.
o Man made constraints like military camps, high tension electricity lines, etc.
 Areas reserved for unforeseen activities and conserved areas like archaeological sites

10. Factors to be considered when selecting site for bus terminal and other transport facilities:-

A. Bus terminal

 Accessibility: - bus station should be accessible by major and/or arterial road;

 Compatibility: - considering intensity of vehicular traffic, it should be far from noise sensitive areas
such as school, hospitals, libraries, etc.;
 Topography: - it is preferable if the slope the site is between 1 and 5%;
 Availability of infrastructure and other facilities (telephone, electric power, water pileline ,etc.); and,
 Centrality: As much as possible, bus terminal should be proposed in the geographic center of the
town
 Size / Area:- depends on the number and types of vehicles to be served.
 It is highly advisable to put bus terminal closer to the general open market;

The selection and level of bus station depends up on many factors of which the number of
vehicles that park at peak hour assigned in a day; the importance of the urban center as
commercial, administrative, etc. and related activities that require numerous passengers, the
extent of connection with important urban centers and level of connecting roads, etc are the
major ones.
B. Other Transport facilities

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 Railway station should be proposed on the outskirt of the town in such a way that it does not
affect future growth/expansion of the town;

 Freight terminal should be proposed away from the inner part/core part of the town, and it
should be well defined by major roads;

 Around the site selected for freight terminal hotel/motel services should be made available;

 It might be important to assume locating railway station and freight terminal in the areas
dominated by industries and warehouses;

 Inland port would be proposed in conjunction with freight terminal, away from core part of the
town and should be accessible for major roads;

 Parking lots should be proposed in the localities (closer to the land uses) that originate and
terminate vehicular circulations; and,

 Air-strip should be proposed away from the town, as per the standard set by Ethiopian Civil
Aviation Authority.
11. Factors to be considered in General market site selection are:-

 Centrality:- it should be located in the central or near the central part of the town;

 Accessibility: - it should be accessible to collector roads. This is because the collector

roads provide access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial and industrial
areas;
 Compatibility:- it should not be located in areas where noise sensitive activities are located
e.g. schools, hospitals, libraries, etc.;
 Topography:- slope should be between 1 and 5%; and,
 Area:- the size of a market is determined by the maximum number of market attendees of
peak hour/ season, and availability of enough space.

12. Factors to be considered in livestock market site selection include:-

 Peripherality: the site should be peripheral to avoid cattle intrusions;

 Accessibility: the site should be accessible to major arterial road or secondary arterial
road;
 Compatibility:

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The site should not be located near residences, schools, health services, worship
places, etc.;
The site should be outside the central part of the town where the volume of traffic may
be high. If possible, it to should be near abattoirs (for large towns only); and,
It is preferable to locate livestock market in the dominant flow direction of livestock. If
there are more than one dominant flow directions, common site should be selected.

 Topography: slope should be between 1 and 5%; and,

 Area: the size of the livestock market depends on the type (cattle, sheep, etc) and number
of livestock.
13. Factors to be considered to select a new site for the construction of abattoir
 The abattoir should be located in the periphery of a town/ city;
 It should not be located close to residential houses, schools, churches, public offices, etc.;
 It should be accessible at least with a compacted gravel collector road;
 It should be located at least 5km away from the airport and runways (in the direction of
approach and take off);
 It should not be located in the direction of urban future expansion area;
 It is preferable if the slope is about 5%;
 It should have available infrastructures such as water supply, electricity, etc.;
 It should not be near latrines or any other waste disposal system;
 It should not be near a factory from which smoke or dust can contaminate the meat;
 It should have adequate area to accommodate the whole operational facilities required;
 It should be 2 km away from any ranch boundary, a neighboring abattoir and pungent or
objectionable odor emanating industries;
 It should be 5 km away from quarantine station; and,
 It should be at least 2 km away from sources of water supply (e.g. deep wells, ponds,
lakes, etc.).
 Its location should be against the prevailing wind direction of the town
14. Factors to be considered in sanitary landfill site selection
 It should be located at economic travel distance for vehicles (30 minutes travel distance);
 It should be located at a distance not more than 2 kms from a suitable main road
 It should be accessible by a paved road
 It should be located opposite to the main prevailing wind direction
 It should not be located on high or seasonally high water table lands (i.e. swampy and
marshy areas)
 It should not be located on flood plain or areas exposed to flooding

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 It should not be located on ground water recharge and surface water catchments areas
for water supply schemes
 It should be located at least 5 kms away from an airport /runway in the direction of
approach and take-off
15. Factors to be considered in cemetery site selection are:-

 Compatibility:- It should be far from recreation areas, hospital, sport fields, schools, etc;
There should be a buffer zone between cemeteries and other urban activities

 Accessibility:- The site should be accessible to collector or minor arterial roads;

 Topography: - It is preferable if the slope is below 10%. However, in towns /cities where
there is a shortage of land, areas with more than 10% slope can be used

 Area: The area required for cemetery during the planning period is determined by death
rate, number of followers of major religions and area needed for a single burial (i.e.
2.88m2); and
 Other points:-
Cemeteries should be outside the central part of towns;

Cemeteries should not be located in the direction of future expansion areas;

If there is an opportunity, it is better to locate cemeteries inside the compounds of

worship places; and,

 Cemeteries should not be crossed by infrastructures like telephone cable, electric line
and water pipelines.

 Cemeteries should not be located on a rocky and flood prone areas and swampy;

 Cemeteries should be uniformly distributed

 Due attention should be given on its negative externalities affecting beauty of the
town and other activities in its surrounding areas
Methodologies for Conducting Evaluation of Urban Plans
The following steps can be followed to better conduct the evaluation of urban plans.
 Document review - previous plans including maps and reports and other associated
documents and minutes would be reviewed for assessing the previous realities and the plan.

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   Fieldwork - primary and secondary data will be collected through observation; discussion (with
residents representatives, municipal staff, concerned sector offices, infrastructure providers,
investors and other stakeholders); and questionnaire survey.
 Office work - analysis and compiling reports, in-house discussion to incorporate ideas in
accordance with reports
 Submitting reports to the concerned bodies.

1. Points to be monitored
Points to be monitored regarding urban plans could be grouped in to two categories. Monitoring
on the plan preparation capacity (quality of prepared plans and plan preparation capacity) and
Plan Implementation Capacity (Implementation of plan and Implementation capacity)
1.1. Plan Preparation Capacity
1.1.1. Quality of Prepared Plans

Text Report
 Does the report include all socio-economic, physical and spatial
dimensions?
 Is there adequate data collection formats
 Is the collected data adequate for preparation of the plan?
 Methods of analysis (comparison, projections, etc)
 Are priority issues and potentials identified?
 Does the report contain recommended strategies?
 Are there socio-economic inputs for land use proposal?
 Are all the necessary experts involved?
 Is the report clear and consistent?
 Does the report conform to maps?

Plan
 How much time taken did the preparation of the plan take?
 Is the size of proposed land use adequate for the planning period?
 Is the proportion of different land uses up to the standard?
 Was there adequate public participation during the planning process?
 Were constructive comments obtained during discussions incorporated?
 Are all proposed functions compatibile with each other?
 Are the sizes of proposed functions according to standards?
 Location of proposed functions
 Centrality of some proposed function
 Distribution of proposed functions
 Expansion area, adequacy, direction, preference of residents, etc
 Methogologies / plan preparation processes
 Problems encountered during the planning process
 types and number of maps along with their scales, quality of the maps
(drawing quality, legend, consistency, conformity, etc ) and access of the
public and stakeholders to the most frequently used maps
 Are bench mark, triangulation points and detail points availabile and
accurate?

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1.1.2. Plan Preparation Capacity

 Manpower / trained
 Equipments
 Machineries
 Budget
 Number of plans prepared per year

1.2. Plan Implementation

1.2.1. Implementation of Plan
 Implementation of land use proposal (allocation of plots according to the
proposals)
 Implementation of road network proposal (opening roads)
 Implementation of drainage net work plan
 LDP prepared for implementation of the SP
 Mechanisms for implementing the plan
 Legal status of the plan
 Whether detail plan was prepared and used
 Land use (land use categories, major changes, compatibility, challenges
encountered, etc)
 Road network (type, length, width, compatibility with land use)
 Infrastructure service
 Flexibility of the plan
 Major violation in plan implementation
 Compensation

 Level of support and intervention by various parties to realize the plan

 Level of satisfaction
 Whether issues such as policy, poverty, HIV/Aids, gender, and environment
were dealt with
 Whether environmental impacts of the proposals have been carried out
 Level of coordination (vertical and horizontal) in implementing the envisaged
plan
 Good governance issues
 Social, economic and cultural aspects when implementing LDPs
 Urban-rural conflict
 Major problems of the urban center

1.2.2. Plan Implementation Capacity

 Manpower / trained
 Equipments
 Machineries
 Budget
 Number of LDPs prepared per year

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2. Points to be evaluated

Outcome and Impact / Developments

Points to be evaluated in urban plan relates to outcomes/ developments and impacts.
The out come or development of urban plans refers to the services provided or
buildings or infrastructures constructed based on the proposed functions such as
schools, health institutions, housing units, commercial activities, roads, etc. Whereas
impact refers to changes brought about by the outcomes/developments.

To identify points to be evaluated,

 first identify spatial proposals
 then identify developments corresponding to each of the proposed land uses and
 Identify impacts of the development.

Example
Spatial proposal - Plot reserved for construction of school
Outcome / Development - Schools constructed
Impact - Increase in enrollment ratio (Point to be
Evaluated)

The following are examples of the outcomes/developments and Impact brought about by the
corresponding proposed functions.

Outcome/Development Impact

 Constructed schools Increase in enrollment ratio

 Constructed health institutions Decrease in mortality rate
 Constructed Market areas Enhancement of economic activity
 Constructed drainage lines Decrease in flood problem
 MSE developed Job opportunities created

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Annex 9 : Different maps

1. Spatial Data Collection Map

2. Existing Land Use Data Collection Map

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ANNEX 10: Working Definition on some settlement concepts (used for this
Manual)

Informal settlements

Areas where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have
no legal claim to, or occupy illegally; and housing is not in compliance with current planning and
building regulations (unauthorized housing).

Squatter Settlements
Squatter settlement can be defined as a residential area which has developed without legal
claims to the land; or which was temporarily occupied by setters and eventually transformed
into squatter settlements. Such settlements are found either in marginal areas, urban
peripheries or at times in some inner city areas such as river banks, cliffs, flood prone areas,
road and railway setbacks, bridges, etc.

Slum area
A slum is a heavily populated urban settlement area characterized by substandard housing,
squalor, etc. While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most of them lack reliable
sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, road, drainage and other basic
services. Slum areas could legally be occupied but deteriorated as a result old age.

Illegal Holding

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Illegal holding refers to a land holding in excess to what has been illustrated on title deed or
any sort of legal document.

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