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Module 1 Foundation Engineering

This document contains information and example problems about foundation engineering concepts including: - Effective stress in soil, which is the stress resulting from particle-to-particle contact and is calculated as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. - Pore water pressure, which is the stress induced by water pressure and is calculated as the product of the unit weight of water and height of water. - Flow nets, which are used to analyze seepage and are combinations of flow lines and equipotential lines. - Rate of seepage, which can be calculated using permeability, head, number of flow channels, and number of equipotential lines. Example problems calculate stresses, pore pressures, and seepage

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Renzo Ray M. Olivar
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468 views2 pages

Module 1 Foundation Engineering

This document contains information and example problems about foundation engineering concepts including: - Effective stress in soil, which is the stress resulting from particle-to-particle contact and is calculated as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. - Pore water pressure, which is the stress induced by water pressure and is calculated as the product of the unit weight of water and height of water. - Flow nets, which are used to analyze seepage and are combinations of flow lines and equipotential lines. - Rate of seepage, which can be calculated using permeability, head, number of flow channels, and number of equipotential lines. Example problems calculate stresses, pore pressures, and seepage

Uploaded by

Renzo Ray M. Olivar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

St. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.

TAGUM CITY, DAVAO DEL NORTE, PHILIPPINES

MODULE 1 GEOTECH 525 – FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

I. STRESSES IN SOIL
PROBLEM 4
EFFECTIVE STRESS, σ E A dense silt layer has the following properties: void ratio is
- Is the stress resulting from particle – to – particle 0.75, effective diameter is 10 μm, capillary constant (C) is 0.20
contact of soil. cm2. Free ground water level is 7m below the ground surface.
a. Find the height of capillary rise in the silt. Capillary rise
σ E =σ T −σ w
is given as h = C / (e x D10).
b. Find the vertical effective stress in kPa at 5m depth.
PORE WATER PRESSURE, σ w Assume unit weight of solids is 26.5 kN/m 3 and that the
- Pore water pressure is the stress induced by water soil above the capillary rise and ground surface is
pressure. partially saturated at 60%.
σ w =γ w hw

TOTAL STRESS, σ T II. FLOW NETS


σ T =σ E + σ w - A combination of a number of flow lines and
equipotential lines.
Problem 1
Compute the total, effective and pore water pressure at a
depth of 12m below the bottom of a lake 5m deep. The
bottom of the lake consists of soft clay with a thickness of
more than 12m. The average water content of the clay 50%
and the specific gravity of soils may be assumed to be 2.7.

Problem 2
A clay layer 8m thick rests beneath a deposit sand layer 20m
in thick. Water table is located 5m below the ground surface.
When water table is lowered from original ground water level
by 10m, the water content and specific gravity of saturated
sand are 30% and 2.65, respectively.
FLOW LINE
a. Determine the total and effective stress at 20m
- A line along which a water particle will travel from
depth before and after water table is lowered.
upstream to the downstream side in the permeable
b. Determine the stress increased in the mid height of
soil medium.
the clay layer if the specific gravity and the void ratio
of the clay layer are 2.75 and 0.90, respectively.
EQUIPOTENTIAL LINE
c. If by dewatering, the water level lowered by 20m
- A line along which the potential head at all points is
from original water level, determine the effective
equal.
stress increase at the bottom of soil formation.

Problem 3
A cut is made in a stiff, saturated clay that is underlain by a
layer of sand. The saturated unit weight of clay is 19kN/m 3

Characteristics of a Flow Net


and that of sand is 18kN/m3.
1. The equipotential lines intersect the flow lines at right
angles.
a. What should be the height of the water, h, in the cut
2. The flow elements formed are approximate squares.
so that the stability of the saturated clay is not lost?
b. Determine the maximum depth of cut before
heaving occur if the ratio of thickness of water to
depth of cut is 1/2.

“Don’t worry about FAILURES, worry about


ENGR. JEFFERSON KEVIN A. LERIO, CE
the CHANCES you miss when you don’t even TRY.” GEOTECH INSTRUCTOR
St. MARY’S COLLEGE OF TAGUM, INC.
TAGUM CITY, DAVAO DEL NORTE, PHILIPPINES

MODULE 1 GEOTECH 525 – FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

RATE OF SEEPAGE THROUGH THE FOUNDATION The permeability of the sand is 0.001 m/sec. Below elevation
20m is an impermeable rock layer. Determine the flow per
1. For isotropic soils unit length and the pressure at point A at elevation 22m.

KH N f
Q=
Nd
Where,

K = coefficient of permeability
H = head
Nf = number of flow channels
Nd = number of equipotential
Nf / Nd = shape factor

2. For non-isotropic soils

K x K z H Nf
Q=
Nd

K= √ K x K z

Problem 5
Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile
at right
angle
to the
cross

section shown. K = 6.5 x 10-6 m/sec.

Problem 6

“Don’t worry about FAILURES, worry about


ENGR. JEFFERSON KEVIN A. LERIO, CE
the CHANCES you miss when you don’t even TRY.” GEOTECH INSTRUCTOR

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