MSC2020-Mathematics Subject Classification System

Associate Editors of Mathematical Reviews and zbMATH

00 General and overarching topics; collections 45 Integral equations

01 History and biography 46 Functional analysis
03 Mathematical logic and foundations 47 Operator theory
05 Combinatorics 49 Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization
06 Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures 51 Geometry
08 General algebraic systems 52 Convex and discrete geometry
11 Number theory 53 Differential geometry
12 Field theory and polynomials 54 General topology
13 Commutative algebra 55 Algebraic topology
14 Algebraic geometry 57 Manifolds and cell complexes
15 Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory
58 Global analysis, analysis on manifolds
16 Associative rings and algebras
60 Probability theory and stochastic processes
17 Nonassociative rings and algebras
62 Statistics
18 Category theory; homological algebra
65 Numerical analysis
19 K-theory
68 Computer science
20 Group theory and generalizations
70 Mechanics of particles and systems
22 Topological groups, Lie groups
74 Mechanics of deformable solids
26 Real functions
76 Fluid mechanics
28 Measure and integration
78 Optics, electromagnetic theory
30 Functions of a complex variable
80 Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer
31 Potential theory
81 Quantum theory
32 Several complex variables and analytic spaces
33 Special functions 82 Statistical mechanics, structure of matter

34 Ordinary differential equations 83 Relativity and gravitational theory

35 Partial differential equations 85 Astronomy and astrophysics

37 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory 86 Geophysics

39 Difference and functional equations 90 Operations research, mathematical programming
40 Sequences, series, summability 91 Game theory, economics, social and behavioral sciences
41 Approximations and expansions 92 Biology and other natural sciences
42 Harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces 93 Systems theory; control
43 Abstract harmonic analysis 94 Information and communication, circuits
44 Integral transforms, operational calculus 97 Mathematics education

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1
 This document is a printed form of MSC2020, an MSC revision produced jointly by the editorial staffs of Mathe-

matical Reviews (MR) and Zentralblatt für Mathematik (zbMATH) in consultation with the mathematical commu-

nity. The goals of this revision of the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) were set out in the announcement

of it and call for comments by the Executive Editor of MR and the Chief Editor of zbMATH in July 2016. This

document results from the MSC revision process that has been going on since then. MSC2020 will be fully deployed

from January 2020.

The editors of MR and zbMATH deploying this revision therefore ask for feedback on remaining errors to help

in this work, which should be given through e-mail to feedback@[Link]. They are grateful for the many

suggestions that were received previously, which have greatly influenced what we have.

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 How to use the Mathematics Subject Classification [MSC]

The main purpose of the classification of items in the mathematical literature using the Mathematics Subject Clas-

sification scheme is to help users find the items of present or potential interest to them as readily as possible—in

products derived from the Mathematical Reviews Database (MRDB) such as MathSciNet, in Zentralblatt MATH

(zbMATH), or anywhere else where this classification scheme is used. An item in the mathematical literature should

be classified so as to attract the attention of all those possibly interested in it. The item may be something that falls

squarely within one clear area of the MSC, or it may involve several areas. Ideally, the MSC codes attached to an

item should represent the subjects to which the item contains a contribution. The classification should serve both

those closely concerned with specific subject areas, and those familiar enough with subjects to apply their results

and methods elsewhere, inside or outside of mathematics. It will be extremely useful for both users and classifiers

to familiarize themselves with the entire classification system and thus to become aware of all the classifications of

possible interest to them. Every item in the MRDB or zbMATH receives precisely one primary classification, which is

simply the MSC code that describes its principal contribution. When an item contains several principal contributions

to different areas, the primary classification should cover the most important among them. A paper or book may

be assigned one or several secondary classification numbers to cover any remaining principal contributions, ancillary

results, motivation or origin of the matters discussed, intended or potential field of application, or other significant

aspects worthy of notice. The principal contribution is meant to be the one including the most important part of

the work actually done in the item. For example, a paper whose main overall content is the solution of a problem in

graph theory, which arose in computer science and whose solution is (perhaps) at present only of interest to computer

scientists, would have a primary classification in 05C (Graph Theory) with one or more secondary classifications in

68 (Computer Science); conversely, a paper whose overall content lies mainly in computer science should receive a

primary classification in 68, even if it makes heavy use of graph theory and proves several new graph-theoretic results

along the way. There are two types of cross-references given at the end of many of the MSC2020 entries in the MSC.

The first type is in braces: “{For A, see X}”; if this appears in section Y, it means that contributions described by

A should usually be assigned the classification code X, not Y. The other type of cross-reference merely points out

related classifications; it is in brackets: “[See also ... ]”, “[See mainly ... ]”, etc., and the classification codes listed in

the brackets may, but need not, be included in the classification codes of a paper, or they may be used in place of the

classification where the cross-reference is given. The classifier must judge which classification is the most appropriate

for the paper at hand.

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00-XX General and overarching 00Bxx Conference proceedings and collec-
topics; collections tions of articles

00-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 00B05 Collections of abstracts of lectures
pers, etc.) pertaining to mathematics in general
00B10 Collections of articles of general interest
00-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to mathematics in general
00B15 Collections of articles of miscellaneous specific in-
terest
00Axx General and miscellaneous specific
topics
00B20 Proceedings of conferences of general interest
00A05 Mathematics in general

00A06 Mathematics for nonmathematicians (engineer- 00B25 Proceedings of conferences of miscellaneous spe-
ing, social sciences, etc.) cific interest
00A07 Problem books {For open problems, see 00A27}
00B30 Festschriften
00A08 Recreational mathematics

00A09 Popularization of mathematics 00B50 Collections of translated articles of general inter-

est
00A15 Bibliographies for mathematics in general [See
also 01A70 and the classification number –00 in the
other sections] 00B55 Collections of translated articles of miscellaneous
specific interest
00A17 External book reviews

00A20 Dictionaries and other general reference works 00B60 Collections of reprinted articles [See also 01A75]
[See also the classification number –00 in the other
sections] 00B99 None of the above, but in this section
00A22 Formularies

00A27 Lists of open problems

01-XX History and biography [See
00A30 Philosophy of mathematics [See also 03A05] also the classification number –03
00A35 Methodology of mathematics {For mathematics in the other sections]
education, see 97-XX}

00A64 Mathematics and literature 01-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to history and biog-
00A65 Mathematics and music raphy
00A66 Mathematics and visual arts
01-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
00A67 Mathematics and architecture pers, etc.) pertaining to history and biography
00A69 General applied mathematics {For physics, see
00A79 and Sections 70 through 86} 01-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to history and biography
00A71 General theory of mathematical modeling

00A72 General theory of simulation 01-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to history and biography
00A79 Physics (Use more specific entries from Sections
70 through 86 when possible)
01-11 Research data for problems pertaining to history
00A99 None of the above, but in this section and biography

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01Axx History of mathematics and math- 01A74 History of mathematics at institutions and
ematicians academies (non-university)

01A05 General histories, source books 01A75 Collected or selected works; reprintings or trans-
lations of classics [See also 00B60]
01A07 Ethnomathematics, general
01A10 History of mathematics in Paleolithic and Ne- 01A80 Sociology (and profession) of mathematics
olithic times
01A85 Historiography
01A11 History of mathematics of the indigenous cul-
tures of Africa, Asia, and Oceania 01A90 Bibliographic studies

01A12 History of mathematics of the indigenous cul- 01A99 None of the above, but in this section
tures of the Americas
01A15 History of mathematics of the indigenous cul-
tures of Europe (pre-Greek, etc.)
03-XX Mathematical logic and
foundations
01A16 History of mathematics in Ancient Egypt
03-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
01A17 History of mathematics in Ancient Babylon
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to mathematical
01A20 History of mathematics in Ancient Greece and logic and foundations
Rome
03-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
01A25 History of mathematics in China pers, etc.) pertaining to mathematical logic and
foundations
01A27 History of mathematics in Japan
01A29 History of mathematics in Southeast Asia 03-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to mathematical logic and foundations
01A30 History of mathematics in the Golden Age of Is-
lam 03-03 History of mathematical logic and foundations
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
01A32 History of mathematics in India Section 01]
01A35 History of mathematics in late antiquity and me-
03-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
dieval Europe
ing to mathematical logic and foundations
01A40 History of mathematics in the 15th and 16th cen-
turies, Renaissance 03-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to mathematical logic and foundations
01A45 History of mathematics in the 17th century
03-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
01A50 History of mathematics in the 18th century to mathematical logic and foundations
01A55 History of mathematics in the 19th century
03-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mathe-
01A60 History of mathematics in the 20th century matical logic and foundations

01A61 History of mathematics in the 21st century

03Axx Philosophical aspects of logic and
01A65 Development of contemporary mathematics foundations
01A67 Future perspectives in mathematics 03A05 Philosophical and critical aspects of logic and
foundations {For philosophy of mathematics, see
01A70 Biographies, obituaries, personalia, bibliogra-
also 00A30}
phies
01A72 Schools of mathematics 03A10 Logic in the philosophy of science

01A73 History of mathematics at specific universities 03A99 None of the above, but in this section

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03Bxx General logic 03Cxx Model theory
03B05 Classical propositional logic 03C05 Equational classes, universal algebra in model
theory [See also 08Axx, 08Bxx, 18C05]
03B10 Classical first-order logic
03C07 Basic properties of first-order languages and
03B16 Higher-order logic structures
03B20 Subsystems of classical logic (including intuition- 03C10 Quantifier elimination, model completeness and
istic logic) related topics
03B22 Abstract deductive systems 03C13 Model theory of finite structures [See also 68Q15,
68Q19]
03B25 Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See
also 11U05, 12L05, 20F10] 03C15 Model theory of denumerable and separable
structures
03B30 Foundations of classical theories (including re-
verse mathematics) [See also 03F35] 03C20 Ultraproducts and related constructions
03B35 Mechanization of proofs and logical operations 03C25 Model-theoretic forcing
[See also 68V15]
03C30 Other model constructions
03B38 Type theory
03C35 Categoricity and completeness of theories
03B40 Combinatory logic and lambda calculus [See also
68N18] 03C40 Interpolation, preservation, definability

03B42 Logics of knowledge and belief (including belief 03C45 Classification theory, stability and related con-
change) cepts in model theory [See also 03C48]
03C48 Abstract elementary classes and related topics
03B44 Temporal logic
[See also 03C45]
03B45 Modal logic (including the logic of norms) {For
03C50 Models with special properties (saturated, rigid,
knowledge and belief, see 03B42; for temporal logic,
etc.)
see 03B44; for provability logic, see also 03F45}
03C52 Properties of classes of models
03B47 Substructural logics (including relevance, entail-
ment, linear logic, Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI 03C55 Set-theoretic model theory
logics) {For proof-theoretic aspects, see 03F52}
03C57 Computable structure theory, computable model
03B48 Probability and inductive logic [See also 60A05] theory [See also 03D45]
03B50 Many-valued logic 03C60 Model-theoretic algebra [See also 08C10, 12Lxx,
13L05]
03B52 Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also 68T27,
68T37, 94D05] 03C62 Models of arithmetic and set theory [See also
03Hxx]
03B53 Paraconsistent logics
03C64 Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality
03B55 Intermediate logics
03C65 Models of other mathematical theories
03B60 Other nonclassical logic
03C66 Continuous model theory, model theory of metric
03B62 Combined logics structures
03B65 Logic of natural languages [See also 68T50, 03C68 Other classical first-order model theory
91F20]
03C70 Logic on admissible sets
03B70 Logic in computer science [See also 68-XX]
03C75 Other infinitary logic
03B80 Other applications of logic
03C80 Logic with extra quantifiers and operators [See
03B99 None of the above, but in this section also 03B42, 03B44, 03B45, 03B48]

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03C85 Second- and higher-order model theory 03D78 Computation over the reals, computable analysis
{For constructive aspects, see 03F60}
03C90 Nonclassical models (Boolean-valued, sheaf, etc.)
03D80 Applications of computability and recursion the-
03C95 Abstract model theory
ory
03C98 Applications of model theory [See also 03C60]
03D99 None of the above, but in this section
03C99 None of the above, but in this section
03Exx Set theory
03Dxx Computability and recursion the-
ory 03E02 Partition relations

03D03 Thue and Post systems, etc. 03E04 Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf theory

03D05 Automata and formal grammars in connection 03E05 Other combinatorial set theory
with logical questions [See also 68Q45, 68Q70,
68R15] 03E10 Ordinal and cardinal numbers

03D10 Turing machines and related notions [See also 03E15 Descriptive set theory [See also 28A05, 54H05]
68Q04]
03E17 Cardinal characteristics of the continuum
03D15 Complexity of computation (including implicit
computational complexity) [See also 68Q15, 68Q17] 03E20 Other classical set theory (including functions,
relations, and set algebra)
03D20 Recursive functions and relations, subrecursive
hierarchies 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions
03D25 Recursively (computably) enumerable sets and 03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its frag-
degrees ments
03D28 Other Turing degree structures
03E35 Consistency and independence results
03D30 Other degrees and reducibilities in computability
and recursion theory 03E40 Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-valued
models
03D32 Algorithmic randomness and dimension [See also
68Q30] 03E45 Inner models, including constructibility, ordinal
definability, and core models
03D35 Undecidability and degrees of sets of sentences
03E47 Other notions of set-theoretic definability
03D40 Word problems, etc. in computability and recur-
sion theory [See also 06B25, 08A50, 20F10, 68R15] 03E50 Continuum hypothesis and Martin’s axiom [See
also 03E57]
03D45 Theory of numerations, effectively presented
structures [See also 03C57] {For intuitionistic and 03E55 Large cardinals
similar approaches, see 03F55}
03E57 Generic absoluteness and forcing axioms [See also
03D50 Recursive equivalence types of sets and struc- 03E50]
tures, isols
03E60 Determinacy principles
03D55 Hierarchies of computability and definability
03D60 Computability and recursion theory on ordinals, 03E65 Other set-theoretic hypotheses and axioms
admissible sets, etc.
03E70 Nonclassical and second-order set theories
03D65 Higher-type and set recursion theory
03E72 Theory of fuzzy sets, etc.
03D70 Inductive definability
03E75 Applications of set theory
03D75 Abstract and axiomatic computability and recur-
sion theory 03E99 None of the above, but in this section

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03Fxx Proof theory and constructive 03G30 Categorical logic, topoi [See also 18B25, 18C05,
mathematics 18C10]

03F03 Proof theory, general (including proof-theoretic

semantics) 03G99 None of the above, but in this section

03F05 Cut-elimination and normal-form theorems

03F07 Structure of proofs 03Hxx Nonstandard models [See also

03C62]
03F10 Functionals in proof theory

03F15 Recursive ordinals and ordinal notations 03H05 Nonstandard models in mathematics [See also
26E35, 28E05, 30G06, 46S20, 47S20, 54J05]
03F20 Complexity of proofs

03F25 Relative consistency and interpretations 03H10 Other applications of nonstandard models (eco-
nomics, physics, etc.)
03F30 First-order arithmetic and fragments

03F35 Second- and higher-order arithmetic and frag- 03H15 Nonstandard models of arithmetic [See also
ments [See also 03B30] 11U10, 12L15, 13L05]

03F40 Gödel numberings and issues of incompleteness

03H99 None of the above, but in this section
03F45 Provability logics and related algebras (e.g., diag-
onalizable algebras) [See also 03B45, 03G25, 06E25]

03F50 Metamathematics of constructive systems 05-XX Combinatorics {For finite

03F52 Proof-theoretic aspects of linear logic and other fields, see 11Txx}
substructural logics [See also 03B47]
05-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
03F55 Intuitionistic mathematics
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to combinatorics
03F60 Constructive and recursive analysis [See also
03B30, 03D45, 03D78, 26E40, 46S30, 47S30] 05-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
03F65 Other constructive mathematics [See also 03D45] pers, etc.) pertaining to combinatorics

03F99 None of the above, but in this section

05-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to combinatorics
03Gxx Algebraic logic
03G05 Logical aspects of Boolean algebras [See also 05-03 History of combinatorics [Consider also classifica-
06Exx] tion numbers pertaining to Section 01]
03G10 Logical aspects of lattices and related structures
[See also 06Bxx] 05-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to combinatorics
03G12 Quantum logic [See also 06C15, 81P10]

03G15 Cylindric and polyadic algebras; relation alge- 05-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
bras taining to combinatorics
03G20 Logical aspects of Lukasiewicz and Post algebras
[See also 06D25, 06D30] 05-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to combinatorics
03G25 Other algebras related to logic [See also 03F45,
06D20, 06E25, 06F35]
05-11 Research data for problems pertaining to combi-
03G27 Abstract algebraic logic natorics

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05Axx Enumerative combinatorics {For 05Cxx Graph theory {For applications of
enumeration in graph theory, see 05C30} graphs, see 68R10, 81Q30, 81T15, 82B20,
05A05 Permutations, words, matrices 82C20, 90C35, 92E10, 94C15}
05C05 Trees
05A10 Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial
functions [See also 11B65, 33Cxx] 05C07 Vertex degrees [See also 05E30]
05A15 Exact enumeration problems, generating func- 05C09 Graphical indices (Wiener index, Zagreb index,
tions [See also 33Cxx, 33Dxx] Randić index, etc.)

05A16 Asymptotic enumeration 05C10 Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects
of graph theory [See also 57K10, 57M15]
05A17 Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers
[See also 11P81, 11P82, 11P83] 05C12 Distance in graphs

05A18 Partitions of sets 05C15 Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs

05A19 Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics 05C17 Perfect graphs

05C20 Directed graphs (digraphs), tournaments
05A20 Combinatorial inequalities
05C21 Flows in graphs
05A30 q-calculus and related topics [See also 33Dxx]
05C22 Signed and weighted graphs
05A40 Umbral calculus
05C25 Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings,
05A99 None of the above, but in this section fields, etc.) [See also 20F65]
05C30 Enumeration in graph theory
05Bxx Designs and configurations {For ap-
plications of design theory, see 94C30} 05C31 Graph polynomials
05B05 Combinatorial aspects of block designs [See also 05C35 Extremal problems in graph theory [See also
51E05, 62K10] 90C35]

05B07 Triple systems 05C38 Paths and cycles [See also 90B10]

05B10 Combinatorial aspects of difference sets (number- 05C40 Connectivity

theoretic, group-theoretic, etc.) [See also 11B13] 05C42 Density (toughness, etc.)
05B15 Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares 05C45 Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs

05B20 Combinatorial aspects of matrices (incidence, 05C48 Expander graphs

Hadamard, etc.)
05C50 Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues,
05B25 Combinatorial aspects of finite geometries [See etc.)
also 51D20, 51Exx]
05C51 Graph designs and isomorphic decomposition
05B30 Other designs, configurations [See also 51E30] [See also 05B30]
05B35 Combinatorial aspects of matroids and geometric 05C55 Generalized Ramsey theory [See also 05D10]
lattices [See also 52B40, 90C27]
05C57 Games on graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) [See
05B40 Combinatorial aspects of packing and covering also 91A43, 91A46]
[See also 11H31, 52C15, 52C17]
05C60 Isomorphism problems in graph theory (recon-
05B45 Combinatorial aspects of tessellation and tiling struction conjecture, etc.) and homomorphisms
problems [See also 52C20, 52C22] (subgraph embedding, etc.)

05B50 Polyominoes 05C62 Graph representations (geometric and intersec-

tion representations, etc.) {For graph drawing, see
05B99 None of the above, but in this section also 68R10}

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05C63 Infinite graphs 05Exx Algebraic combinatorics
05E05 Symmetric functions and generalizations
05C65 Hypergraphs
05E10 Combinatorial aspects of representation theory
05C69 Vertex subsets with special properties (dominat- [See also 20C30]
ing sets, independent sets, cliques, etc.)
05E14 Combinatorial aspects of algebraic geometry [See
05C70 Edge subsets with special properties (factoriza- also 14Nxx]
tion, matching, partitioning, covering and packing,
05E16 Combinatorial aspects of groups and algebras
etc.)
[See also 22E45, 33C80]
05C72 Fractional graph theory, fuzzy graph theory 05E18 Group actions on combinatorial structures

05C75 Structural characterization of families of graphs 05E30 Association schemes, strongly regular graphs
05E40 Combinatorial aspects of commutative algebra
05C76 Graph operations (line graphs, products, etc.)
05E45 Combinatorial aspects of simplicial complexes
05C78 Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth,
etc.) 05E99 None of the above, but in this section

05C80 Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) [See

also 60B20] 06-XX Order, lattices, ordered al-
gebraic structures [See also 18B35]
05C81 Random walks on graphs
06-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
05C82 Small world graphs, complex networks (graph- bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to ordered struc-
theoretic aspects) [See also 90Bxx, 91D30] tures

05C83 Graph minors 06-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-

pers, etc.) pertaining to ordered structures
05C85 Graph algorithms (graph-theoretic aspects) [See 06-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
also 68R10, 68W05] pertaining to ordered structures

05C90 Applications of graph theory [See also 68R10, 06-03 History of ordered structures [Consider also clas-
81Q30, 81T15, 82B20, 82C20, 90C35, 92E10, sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
94C15]
06-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
05C92 Chemical graph theory [See also 92E10] ing to ordered structures
06-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
05C99 None of the above, but in this section taining to ordered structures
06-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
05Dxx Extremal combinatorics to ordered structures
05D05 Extremal set theory 06-11 Research data for problems pertaining to ordered
structures
05D10 Ramsey theory [See also 05C55]
06Axx Ordered sets
05D15 Transversal (matching) theory
06A05 Total orders
05D40 Probabilistic methods in extremal combinatorics,
including polynomial methods (combinatorial Null- 06A06 Partial orders, general
stellensatz, etc.) 06A07 Combinatorics of partially ordered sets
05D99 None of the above, but in this section 06A11 Algebraic aspects of posets

10

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06A12 Semilattices [See also 20M10] {For topological 06D22 Frames, locales {For topological questions, see
semilattices, see 22A26} 54-XX}
06A15 Galois correspondences, closure operators (in re- 06D25 Post algebras (lattice-theoretic aspects) [See also
lation to ordered sets) 03G20]
06A75 Generalizations of ordered sets 06D30 De Morgan algebras, Lukasiewicz algebras
(lattice-theoretic aspects) [See also 03G20]
06A99 None of the above, but in this section
06D35 MV-algebras
06Bxx Lattices [See also 03G10] 06D50 Lattices and duality
06B05 Structure theory of lattices
06D72 Fuzzy lattices (soft algebras) and related topics
06B10 Lattice ideals, congruence relations
06D75 Other generalizations of distributive lattices
06B15 Representation theory of lattices
06D99 None of the above, but in this section
06B20 Varieties of lattices
06B23 Complete lattices, completions
06Exx Boolean algebras (Boolean rings)
[See also 03G05]
06B25 Free lattices, projective lattices, word problems
06E05 Structure theory of Boolean algebras
[See also 03D40, 08A50, 20F10]
06B30 Topological lattices [See also 06F30, 22A26, 06E10 Chain conditions, complete algebras
54F05, 54H12] 06E15 Stone spaces (Boolean spaces) and related struc-
06B35 Continuous lattices and posets, applications [See tures
also 06B30, 06D10, 06F30, 18B35, 22A26, 68Q55] 06E20 Ring-theoretic properties of Boolean algebras
06B75 Generalizations of lattices [See also 16E50, 16G30]

06B99 None of the above, but in this section 06E25 Boolean algebras with additional operations (di-
agonalizable algebras, etc.) [See also 03G25, 03F45]

06Cxx Modular lattices, complemented 06E30 Boolean functions [See also 94D10]
lattices 06E75 Generalizations of Boolean algebras
06C05 Modular lattices, Desarguesian lattices
06E99 None of the above, but in this section
06C10 Semimodular lattices, geometric lattices
06C15 Complemented lattices, orthocomplemented lat- 06Fxx Ordered structures
tices and posets [See also 03G12, 81P10] 06F05 Ordered semigroups and monoids [See also
20Mxx]
06C20 Complemented modular lattices, continuous ge-
ometries 06F07 Quantales
06C99 None of the above, but in this section 06F10 Noether lattices

06F15 Ordered groups [See also 20F60]

06Dxx Distributive lattices
06D05 Structure and representation theory of distribu- 06F20 Ordered abelian groups, Riesz groups, ordered
tive lattices linear spaces [See also 46A40]

06D10 Complete distributivity 06F25 Ordered rings, algebras, modules {For ordered
fields, see 12J15} [See also 13J25, 16W80]
06D15 Pseudocomplemented lattices
06F30 Ordered topological structures (aspects of or-
06D20 Heyting algebras (lattice-theoretic aspects) [See dered structures) [See also 06B30, 22A26, 54F05,
also 03G25] 54H12]

11

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06F35 BCK-algebras, BCI-algebras (aspects of ordered 08A68 Heterogeneous algebras
structures) [See also 03G25]
08A70 Applications of universal algebra in computer sci-
06F99 None of the above, but in this section ence

08A72 Fuzzy algebraic structures

08-XX General algebraic systems
08A99 None of the above, but in this section
08-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to general algebraic 08Bxx Varieties [See also 03C05]
systems
08B05 Equational logic, Mal’tsev conditions
08-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to general algebraic systems 08B10 Congruence modularity, congruence distributiv-
ity
08-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to general algebraic systems 08B15 Lattices of varieties

08-03 History of general algebraic systems [Consider also 08B20 Free algebras
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
08B25 Products, amalgamated products, and other
08-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- kinds of limits and colimits [See also 18A30]
ing to general algebraic systems
08B26 Subdirect products and subdirect irreducibility
08-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
08B30 Injectives, projectives
taining to general algebraic systems
08B99 None of the above, but in this section
08-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to general algebraic systems
08Cxx Other classes of algebras
08-11 Research data for problems pertaining to general
algebraic systems 08C05 Categories of algebras [See also 18C05]

08C10 Axiomatic model classes [See also 03Cxx, in par-

08Axx Algebraic structures [See also ticular 03C60]
03C05]
08C15 Quasivarieties
08A02 Relational systems, laws of composition
08C20 Natural dualities for classes of algebras [See also
08A05 Structure theory of algebraic structures 06E15, 18A40, 22A30]
08A30 Subalgebras, congruence relations 08C99 None of the above, but in this section
08A35 Automorphisms and endomorphisms of algebraic
structures 11-XX Number theory
08A40 Operations and polynomials in algebraic struc- 11-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
tures, primal algebras bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to number theory
08A45 Equational compactness 11-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
08A50 Word problems (aspects of algebraic structures) pers, etc.) pertaining to number theory
[See also 03D40, 06B25, 20F10, 68R15] 11-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
08A55 Partial algebras pertaining to number theory

08A60 Unary algebras 11-03 History of number theory [Consider also classifi-
cation numbers pertaining to Section 01]
08A62 Finitary algebras
11-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
08A65 Infinitary algebras ing to number theory

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11-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 11B73 Bell and Stirling numbers
taining to number theory
11B75 Other combinatorial number theory
11-11 Research data for problems pertaining to number
theory 11B83 Special sequences and polynomials

11Axx Elementary number theory {For 11B85 Automata sequences

analogues in number fields, see 11R04}
11B99 None of the above, but in this section
11A05 Multiplicative structure; Euclidean algorithm;
greatest common divisors
11Cxx Polynomials and matrices
11A07 Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems
11C08 Polynomials in number theory [See also 13F20]
11A15 Power residues, reciprocity
11C20 Matrices, determinants in number theory [See
11A25 Arithmetic functions; related numbers; inversion
also 15B36]
formulas

11A41 Primes 11C99 None of the above, but in this section

11A51 Factorization; primality

11Dxx Diophantine equations [See also
11A55 Continued fractions {For approximation results, 11Gxx, 14Gxx]
see 11J70} [See also 11K50, 30B70, 40A15]
11D04 Linear Diophantine equations
11A63 Radix representation; digital problems {For met-
ric results, see 11K16} 11D07 The Frobenius problem
11A67 Other number representations
11D09 Quadratic and bilinear Diophantine equations
11A99 None of the above, but in this section
11D25 Cubic and quartic Diophantine equations
11Bxx Sequences and sets
11D41 Higher degree equations; Fermat’s equation
11B05 Density, gaps, topology
11D45 Counting solutions of Diophantine equations
11B13 Additive bases, including sumsets [See also
05B10] 11D57 Multiplicative and norm form equations
11B25 Arithmetic progressions [See also 11N13]
11D59 Thue-Mahler equations
11B30 Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree unifor-
mity 11D61 Exponential Diophantine equations

11B34 Representation functions 11D68 Rational numbers as sums of fractions

11B37 Recurrences {For applications to special func-
11D72 Diophantine equations in many variables [See
tions, see 33-XX}
also 11P55]
11B39 Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials
and generalizations 11D75 Diophantine inequalities [See also 11J25]

11B50 Sequences (mod m) 11D79 Congruences in many variables

11B57 Farey sequences; the sequences 1k , 2k , . . . 11D85 Representation problems [See also 11P55]
11B65 Binomial coefficients; factorials; q-identities [See
also 05A10, 05A30] 11D88 p-adic and power series fields

11B68 Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials 11D99 None of the above, but in this section

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11Exx Forms and linear algebraic groups 11F22 Relationship to Lie algebras and finite simple
[See also 19Gxx] {For quadratic forms in groups
linear algebra, see 15A63} 11F23 Relations with algebraic geometry and topology
11E04 Quadratic forms over general fields 11F25 Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators
(one variable)
11E08 Quadratic forms over local rings and fields
11F27 Theta series; Weil representation; theta corre-
11E10 Forms over real fields spondences
11E12 Quadratic forms over global rings and fields 11F30 Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms
11E16 General binary quadratic forms 11F32 Modular correspondences, etc.
11E20 General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; 11F33 Congruences for modular and p-adic modular
forms of more than two variables forms [See also 14G20, 22E50]

11E25 Sums of squares and representations by other par- 11F37 Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic
ticular quadratic forms modular forms

11E39 Bilinear and Hermitian forms 11F41 Automorphic forms on GL(2); Hilbert and
Hilbert-Siegel modular groups and their modular
11E41 Class numbers of quadratic and Hermitian forms and automorphic forms; Hilbert modular surfaces
[See also 14J20]
11E45 Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions; relations
with automorphic forms and functions) 11F46 Siegel modular groups; Siegel and Hilbert-Siegel
modular and automorphic forms
11E57 Classical groups [See also 14Lxx, 20Gxx]
11F50 Jacobi forms
11E70 K-theory of quadratic and Hermitian forms
11F52 Modular forms associated to Drinfel’d modules
11E72 Galois cohomology of linear algebraic groups [See
11F55 Other groups and their modular and automorphic
also 20G10]
forms (several variables)
11E76 Forms of degree higher than two 11F60 Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators
11E81 Algebraic theory of quadratic forms; Witt groups (several variables)
and rings [See also 19G12, 19G24] 11F66 Langlands L-functions; one variable Dirichlet se-
ries and functional equations
11E88 Quadratic spaces; Clifford algebras [See also
15A63, 15A66] 11F67 Special values of automorphic L-series, periods of
automorphic forms, cohomology, modular symbols
11E95 p-adic theory
11F68 Dirichlet series in several complex variables asso-
11E99 None of the above, but in this section ciated to automorphic forms; Weyl group multiple
Dirichlet series
11Fxx Discontinuous groups and automor-
11F70 Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic
phic forms [See also 11R39, 11S37, 14Gxx, representations over local and global fields
14Kxx, 22E50, 22E55, 30F35, 32Nxx] {For
relations with quadratic forms, see 11E45} 11F72 Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Sel-
berg)
11F03 Modular and automorphic functions
11F75 Cohomology of arithmetic groups
11F06 Structure of modular groups and generalizations; 11F77 Automorphic forms and their relations with per-
arithmetic groups [See also 20H05, 20H10, 22E40] fectoid spaces [See also 14G45]
11F11 Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight 11F80 Galois representations
11F12 Automorphic forms, one variable 11F85 p-adic theory, local fields [See also 14G20, 22E50]
11F20 Dedekind eta function, Dedekind sums 11F99 None of the above, but in this section

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11Gxx Arithmetic algebraic geometry 11H46 Products of linear forms
(Diophantine geometry) [See also 11Dxx, 11H50 Minima of forms
14Gxx, 14Kxx]
11H55 Quadratic forms (reduction theory, extreme
11G05 Elliptic curves over global fields [See also 14H52]
forms, etc.)
11G07 Elliptic curves over local fields [See also 14G20,
11H56 Automorphism groups of lattices
14H52]
11H60 Mean value and transfer theorems
11G09 Drinfel’d modules; higher-dimensional motives,
etc. [See also 14L05] 11H71 Relations with coding theory
11G10 Abelian varieties of dimension > 1 [See also 11H99 None of the above, but in this section
14Kxx]
11G15 Complex multiplication and moduli of abelian 11Jxx Diophantine approximation, tran-
varieties [See also 14K22] scendental number theory [See also 11K60]
11G16 Elliptic and modular units [See also 11R27] 11J04 Homogeneous approximation to one number

11G18 Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura va- 11J06 Markov and Lagrange spectra and generalizations
rieties [See also 14G35]
11J13 Simultaneous homogeneous approximation, linear
11G20 Curves over finite and local fields [See also forms
14H25]
11J17 Approximation by numbers from a fixed field
11G25 Varieties over finite and local fields [See also
14G15, 14G20] 11J20 Inhomogeneous linear forms

11G30 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus 6= 1 over 11J25 Diophantine inequalities [See also 11D75]
global fields [See also 14H25] 11J54 Small fractional parts of polynomials and gener-
11G32 Arithmetic aspects of dessins d’enfants, Belyı̆ alizations
theory 11J61 Approximation in non-Archimedean valuations
11G35 Varieties over global fields [See also 14G25] 11J68 Approximation to algebraic numbers
11G40 L-functions of varieties over global fields; Birch- 11J70 Continued fractions and generalizations [See also
Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture [See also 14G10] 11A55, 11K50]
11G42 Arithmetic mirror symmetry [See also 14J33] 11J71 Distribution modulo one [See also 11K06]
11G45 Geometric class field theory [See also 11R37, 11J72 Irrationality; linear independence over a field
14C35, 19F05]
11J81 Transcendence (general theory)
11G50 Heights [See also 14G40, 37P30]
11J82 Measures of irrationality and of transcendence
11G55 Polylogarithms and relations with K-theory
11J83 Metric theory
11G99 None of the above, but in this section
11J85 Algebraic independence; Gel’fond’s method
11Hxx Geometry of numbers {For appli- 11J86 Linear forms in logarithms; Baker’s method
cations in coding theory, see 94B75}
11J87 Schmidt Subspace Theorem and applications
11H06 Lattices and convex bodies (number-theoretic as-
pects) [See also 11P21, 52C05, 52C07] 11J89 Transcendence theory of elliptic and abelian func-
tions
11H16 Nonconvex bodies
11J91 Transcendence theory of other special functions
11H31 Lattice packing and covering (number-theoretic
aspects) [See also 05B40, 52C15, 52C17] 11J93 Transcendence theory of Drinfel’d and t-modules

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11J95 Results involving abelian varieties 11L20 Sums over primes

11J97 Number-theoretic analogues of methods in 11L26 Sums over arbitrary intervals

Nevanlinna theory (work of Vojta et al.)
11L40 Estimates on character sums
11J99 None of the above, but in this section
11L99 None of the above, but in this section

11Kxx Probabilistic theory: distribution

11Mxx Zeta and L-functions: analytic the-
modulo 1; metric theory of algorithms
ory
11K06 General theory of distribution modulo 1 [See also
11M06 ζ(s) and L(s, χ)
11J71]
11M20 Real zeros of L(s, χ); results on L(1, χ)
11K16 Normal numbers, radix expansions, Pisot num-
bers, Salem numbers, good lattice points, etc. [See 11M26 Nonreal zeros of ζ(s) and L(s, χ); Riemann and
also 11A63] other hypotheses
11K31 Special sequences 11M32 Multiple Dirichlet series and zeta functions and
multizeta values
11K36 Well-distributed sequences and other variations
11M35 Hurwitz and Lerch zeta functions
11K38 Irregularities of distribution, discrepancy [See
also 11Nxx] 11M36 Selberg zeta functions and regularized determi-
nants; applications to spectral theory, Dirichlet se-
11K41 Continuous, p-adic and abstract analogues ries, Eisenstein series, etc. (explicit formulas)
11K45 Pseudo-random numbers; Monte Carlo methods 11M38 Zeta and L-functions in characteristic p
[See also 65C05, 65C10]
11M41 Other Dirichlet series and zeta functions {For
11K50 Metric theory of continued fractions [See also local and global ground fields, see 11R42, 11R52,
11A55, 11J70] 11S40, 11S45; for algebro-geometric methods, see
11K55 Metric theory of other algorithms and expan- 14G10} [See also 11E45, 11F66, 11F70, 11F72]
sions; measure and Hausdorff dimension [See also 11M45 Tauberian theorems [See also 40E05]
11N99, 28Dxx]
11M50 Relations with random matrices
11K60 Diophantine approximation in probabilistic num-
ber theory [See also 11Jxx] 11M55 Relations with noncommutative geometry

11K65 Arithmetic functions in probabilistic number 11M99 None of the above, but in this section
theory [See also 11Nxx]

11K70 Harmonic analysis and almost periodicity in 11Nxx Multiplicative number theory
probabilistic number theory
11N05 Distribution of primes
11K99 None of the above, but in this section
11N13 Primes in congruence classes
11Lxx Exponential sums and character 11N25 Distribution of integers with specified multiplica-
sums {For finite fields, see 11Txx} tive constraints
11L03 Trigonometric and exponential sums, general 11N30 Turán theory [See also 30Bxx]
11L05 Gauss and Kloosterman sums; generalizations 11N32 Primes represented by polynomials; other multi-
plicative structures of polynomial values
11L07 Estimates on exponential sums
11N35 Sieves
11L10 Jacobsthal and Brewer sums; other complete
character sums 11N36 Applications of sieve methods
11L15 Weyl sums 11N37 Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions

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11N45 Asymptotic results on counting functions for al- 11R18 Cyclotomic extensions
gebraic and topological structures
11R20 Other abelian and metabelian extensions
11N56 Rate of growth of arithmetic functions
11R21 Other number fields
11N60 Distribution functions associated with additive
and positive multiplicative functions 11R23 Iwasawa theory
11N64 Other results on the distribution of values or the
11R27 Units and factorization
characterization of arithmetic functions
11N69 Distribution of integers in special residue classes 11R29 Class numbers, class groups, discriminants
11N75 Applications of automorphic functions and forms 11R32 Galois theory
to multiplicative problems [See also 11Fxx]
11R33 Integral representations related to algebraic
11N80 Generalized primes and integers numbers; Galois module structure of rings of in-
tegers [See also 20C10]
11N99 None of the above, but in this section
11R34 Galois cohomology [See also 12Gxx, 19A31]
11Pxx Additive number theory; partitions
11R37 Class field theory
11P05 Waring’s problem and variants
11P21 Lattice points in specified regions 11R39 Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian class
field theory [See also 11Fxx, 22E55]
11P32 Goldbach-type theorems; other additive ques-
tions involving primes 11R42 Zeta functions and L-functions of number fields
[See also 11M41, 19F27]
11P55 Applications of the Hardy-Littlewood method
[See also 11D85] 11R44 Distribution of prime ideals [See also 11N05]
11P70 Inverse problems of additive number theory, in- 11R45 Density theorems
cluding sumsets
11P81 Elementary theory of partitions [See also 05A17] 11R47 Other analytic theory [See also 11Nxx]

11P82 Analytic theory of partitions 11R52 Quaternion and other division algebras: arith-
metic, zeta functions
11P83 Partitions; congruences and congruential restric-
tions 11R54 Other algebras and orders, and their zeta and
L-functions [See also 11S45, 16Hxx, 16Kxx]
11P84 Partition identities; identities of Rogers-
Ramanujan type 11R56 Adèle rings and groups
11P99 None of the above, but in this section
11R58 Arithmetic theory of algebraic function fields [See
also 14-XX]
11Rxx Algebraic number theory: global
fields {For complex multiplication, see 11R59 Zeta functions and L-functions of function fields
11G15}
11R60 Cyclotomic function fields (class groups,
11R04 Algebraic numbers; rings of algebraic integers Bernoulli objects, etc.)
11R06 PV-numbers and generalizations; other special 11R65 Class groups and Picard groups of orders
algebraic numbers; Mahler measure
11R70 K-theory of global fields [See also 19Fxx]
11R09 Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
11R11 Quadratic extensions 11R80 Totally real fields [See also 12J15]

11R16 Cubic and quartic extensions 11R99 None of the above, but in this section

17

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11Sxx Algebraic number theory: local and 11Uxx Connections of number theory and
p-adic fields logic
11S05 Polynomials 11U05 Decidability (number-theoretic aspects) [See also
03B25]
11S15 Ramification and extension theory
11S20 Galois theory 11U07 Ultraproducts (number-theoretic aspects) [See
also 03C20]
11S23 Integral representations
11S25 Galois cohomology [See also 12Gxx, 16H05] 11U09 Model theory (number-theoretic aspects) [See
also 03Cxx]
11S31 Class field theory; p-adic formal groups [See also
14L05]
11U10 Nonstandard arithmetic (number-theoretic as-
11S37 Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian class pects) [See also 03H15]
field theory [See also 11Fxx, 22E50]
11U99 None of the above, but in this section
11S40 Zeta functions and L-functions [See also 11M41,
19F27]
11S45 Algebras and orders, and their zeta functions [See 11Yxx Computational number theory {For
also 11R52, 11R54, 16Hxx, 16Kxx] software etc., see 11-04}
11S70 K-theory of local fields [See also 19Fxx] 11Y05 Factorization

11S80 Other analytic theory (analogues of beta and 11Y11 Primality

gamma functions, p-adic integration, etc.)
11S82 Non-Archimedean dynamical systems [See mainly 11Y16 Number-theoretic algorithms; complexity [See
37Pxx] also 68Q25]

11S85 Other nonanalytic theory 11Y35 Analytic computations

11S90 Prehomogeneous vector spaces
11Y40 Algebraic number theory computations
11S99 None of the above, but in this section
11Y50 Computer solution of Diophantine equations
11Txx Finite fields and commutative rings
(number-theoretic aspects) 11Y55 Calculation of integer sequences
11T06 Polynomials over finite fields
11Y60 Evaluation of number-theoretic constants
11T22 Cyclotomy
11Y65 Continued fraction calculations (number-
11T23 Exponential sums
theoretic aspects)
11T24 Other character sums and Gauss sums
11Y70 Values of arithmetic functions; tables
11T30 Structure theory for finite fields and commutative
rings (number-theoretic aspects)
11Y99 None of the above, but in this section
11T55 Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings over finite
fields
11Zxx Miscellaneous applications of num-
11T60 Finite upper half-planes ber theory
11T71 Algebraic coding theory; cryptography (number-
11Z05 Miscellaneous applications of number theory
theoretic aspects)
11T99 None of the above, but in this section 11Z99 None of the above, but in this section

18

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12-XX Field theory and polynomi- 12Fxx Field extensions
als 12F05 Algebraic field extensions

12-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 12F10 Separable extensions, Galois theory
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to field theory 12F12 Inverse Galois theory
12-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 12F15 Inseparable field extensions
pers, etc.) pertaining to field theory
12F20 Transcendental field extensions
12-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 12F99 None of the above, but in this section
pertaining to field theory

12-03 History of field theory [Consider also classification 12Gxx Homological methods (field theory)
numbers pertaining to Section 01] 12G05 Galois cohomology [See also 14F22, 16Hxx,
12-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 16K50]
ing to field theory 12G10 Cohomological dimension of fields
12-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 12G99 None of the above, but in this section
taining to field theory

12-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining

12Hxx Differential and difference algebra
to field theory 12H05 Differential algebra [See also 13Nxx]
12-11 Research data for problems pertaining to field the- 12H10 Difference algebra [See also 39Axx]
ory 12H20 Abstract differential equations [See also 34Mxx]
12H25 p-adic differential equations [See also 11S80,
12Dxx Real and complex fields 14G20]
12D05 Polynomials in real and complex fields: factor-
12H99 None of the above, but in this section
ization

12D10 Polynomials in real and complex fields: location 12Jxx Topological fields
of zeros (algebraic theorems) {For the analytic the-
12J05 Normed fields
ory, see 26C10, 30C15}
12J10 Valued fields
12D15 Fields related with sums of squares (formally real
fields, Pythagorean fields, etc.) [See also 11Exx] 12J12 Formally p-adic fields

12D99 None of the above, but in this section 12J15 Ordered fields
12J17 Topological semifields
12Exx General field theory 12J20 General valuation theory for fields [See also
12E05 Polynomials in general fields (irreducibility, etc.) 13A18]
12J25 Non-Archimedean valued fields [See also 30G06,
12E10 Special polynomials in general fields
32P05, 46S10, 47S10]
12E12 Equations in general fields 12J27 Krasner-Tate algebras [See mainly 32P05; see also
46S10, 47S10]
12E15 Skew fields, division rings [See also 11R52, 11R54,
11S45, 16Kxx] 12J99 None of the above, but in this section

12E20 Finite fields (field-theoretic aspects)

12Kxx Generalizations of fields
12E25 Hilbertian fields; Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem 12K05 Near-fields [See also 16Y30]

12E30 Field arithmetic 12K10 Semifields [See also 16Y60]

12E99 None of the above, but in this section 12K99 None of the above, but in this section

19

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12Lxx Connections between field theory 13A70 General commutative ring theory and com-
and logic binatorics (zero-divisor graphs, annihilating-ideal
graphs, etc.) [See also 05C25, 05E40]
12L05 Decidability and field theory [See also 03B25]
13A99 None of the above, but in this section
12L10 Ultraproducts and field theory [See also 03C20]
12L12 Model theory of fields [See also 03C60] 13Bxx Commutative ring extensions and
related topics
12L15 Nonstandard arithmetic and field theory [See also
03H15] 13B02 Extension theory of commutative rings
12L99 None of the above, but in this section 13B05 Galois theory and commutative ring extensions
13B10 Morphisms of commutative rings
13-XX Commutative algebra 13B21 Integral dependence in commutative rings; going
13-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, up, going down
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to commutative al- 13B22 Integral closure of commutative rings and ide-
gebra als [See also 13A35]; integrally closed rings, related
13-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- rings (Japanese, etc.)
pers, etc.) pertaining to commutative algebra 13B25 Polynomials over commutative rings [See also
13-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 11C08, 11T06, 13F20, 13M10]
pertaining to commutative algebra 13B30 Rings of fractions and localization for commuta-
13-03 History of commutative algebra [Consider also tive rings [See also 16S85]
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01] 13B35 Completion of commutative rings [See also 13J10]
13-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 13B40 Étale and flat extensions; Henselization; Artin
ing to commutative algebra approximation [See also 13J15, 14B12, 14B25]
13-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 13B99 None of the above, but in this section
taining to commutative algebra
13-11 Research data for problems pertaining to commu- 13Cxx Theory of modules and ideals in
tative algebra commutative rings
13C05 Structure, classification theorems for modules
13Axx General commutative ring theory and ideals in commutative rings
13A02 Graded rings [See also 16W50]
13C10 Projective and free modules and ideals in com-
13A05 Divisibility and factorizations in commutative mutative rings [See also 19A13]
rings [See also 13F15]
13C11 Injective and flat modules and ideals in commu-
13A15 Ideals and multiplicative ideal theory in commu- tative rings
tative rings 13C12 Torsion modules and ideals in commutative rings
13A18 Valuations and their generalizations for commu- 13C13 Other special types of modules and ideals in com-
tative rings [See also 12J20] mutative rings
13A30 Associated graded rings of ideals (Rees ring, form 13C14 Cohen-Macaulay modules [See also 13H10]
ring), analytic spread and related topics
13C15 Dimension theory, depth, related commutative
13A35 Characteristic p methods (Frobenius endomor- rings (catenary, etc.)
phism) and reduction to characteristic p; tight clo-
sure [See also 13B22] 13C20 Class groups [See also 11R29]
13A50 Actions of groups on commutative rings; invari- 13C40 Linkage, complete intersections and determinan-
ant theory [See also 14L24] tal ideals [See also 14M06, 14M10, 14M12]

20

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13C60 Module categories and commutative rings 13Fxx Arithmetic rings and other special
13C70 Theory of modules and ideals in commutative
commutative rings
rings described by combinatorial properties [See 13F05 Dedekind, Prüfer, Krull and Mori rings and their
also 05C25, 05E40] generalizations
13C99 None of the above, but in this section 13F07 Euclidean rings and generalizations

13Dxx Homological methods in commu- 13F10 Principal ideal rings

tative ring theory {For noncommutative 13F15 Commutative rings defined by factorization prop-
rings, see 16Exx; for general categories, erties (e.g., atomic, factorial, half-factorial) [See
see 18Gxx} also 13A05, 14M05]

13D02 Syzygies, resolutions, complexes and commuta- 13F20 Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-
tive rings valued polynomials [See also 11C08, 13B25]
13D03 (Co)homology of commutative rings and algebras 13F25 Formal power series rings [See also 13J05]
(e.g., Hochschild, André-Quillen, cyclic, dihedral,
etc.) 13F30 Valuation rings [See also 13A18]

13D05 Homological dimension and commutative rings 13F35 Witt vectors and related rings

13D07 Homological functors on modules of commutative 13F40 Excellent rings

rings (Tor, Ext, etc.)
13F45 Seminormal rings
13D09 Derived categories and commutative rings
13F50 Rings with straightening laws, Hodge algebras
13D10 Deformations and infinitesimal methods in com-
mutative ring theory [See also 14B10, 14B12, 13F55 Commutative rings defined by monomial ide-
14D15, 32Gxx] als; Stanley-Reisner face rings; simplicial complexes
[See also 55U10]
13D15 Grothendieck groups, K-theory and commuta-
tive rings [See also 14C35, 18F30, 19Axx, 19D50] 13F60 Cluster algebras
13D22 Homological conjectures (intersection theorems) 13F65 Commutative rings defined by binomial ideals,
in commutative ring theory toric rings, etc. [See also 14M25]
13D30 Torsion theory for commutative rings [See also 13F70 Other commutative rings defined by combinato-
13C12, 18E40] rial properties
13D40 Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; 13F99 None of the above, but in this section
Poincaré series
13D45 Local cohomology and commutative rings [See 13Gxx Integral domains
also 14B15]
13G05 Integral domains
13D99 None of the above, but in this section
13G99 None of the above, but in this section
13Exx Chain conditions, finiteness condi-
tions in commutative ring theory 13Hxx Local rings and semilocal rings
13E05 Commutative Noetherian rings and modules 13H05 Regular local rings

13E10 Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite- 13H10 Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein,
dimensional algebras Buchsbaum, etc.) [See also 14M05]

13E15 Commutative rings and modules of finite genera- 13H15 Multiplicity theory and related topics [See also
tion or presentation; number of generators 14C17]

13E99 None of the above, but in this section 13H99 None of the above, but in this section

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13Jxx Topological rings and modules [See 13P15 Solving polynomial systems; resultants
also 16W60, 16W80] 13P20 Computational homological algebra [See also
13J05 Power series rings [See also 13F25] 13Dxx]

13J07 Analytical algebras and rings [See also 32B05] 13P25 Applications of commutative algebra (e.g., to
statistics, control theory, optimization, etc.)
13J10 Complete rings, completion [See also 13B35]
13P99 None of the above, but in this section
13J15 Henselian rings [See also 13B40]

13J20 Global topological rings 14-XX Algebraic geometry

13J25 Ordered rings [See also 06F25] 14-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
13J30 Real algebra [See also 12D15, 14Pxx] bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to algebraic geome-
try
13J99 None of the above, but in this section
14-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to algebraic geometry
13Lxx Applications of logic to commuta-
tive algebra [See also 03Cxx, 03Hxx] 14-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to algebraic geometry
13L05 Applications of logic to commutative algebra [See
also 03Cxx, 03Hxx] 14-03 History of algebraic geometry [Consider also clas-
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
13L99 None of the above, but in this section
14-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to algebraic geometry
13Mxx Finite commutative rings {For
number-theoretic aspects, see 11Txx} 14-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to algebraic geometry
13M05 Structure of finite commutative rings
14-11 Research data for problems pertaining to algebraic
13M10 Polynomials and finite commutative rings geometry
13M99 None of the above, but in this section
14Axx Foundations of algebraic geometry
13Nxx Differential algebra [See also 14A05 Relevant commutative algebra [See also 13-XX]
12H05, 14F10]
14A10 Varieties and morphisms
13N05 Modules of differentials
14A15 Schemes and morphisms
13N10 Commutative rings of differential operators and
their modules [See also 16S32, 32C38] 14A20 Generalizations (algebraic spaces, stacks)
14A21 Logarithmic algebraic geometry, log schemes
13N15 Derivations and commutative rings
14A22 Noncommutative algebraic geometry [See also
13N99 None of the above, but in this section
16S38]

13Pxx Computational aspects and appli- 14A23 Geometry over the field with one element
cations of commutative rings [See also 14A25 Elementary questions in algebraic geometry
14Qxx, 68W30] {For software etc., see 13-
04} 14A30 Fundamental constructions in algebraic geome-
try involving higher and derived categories (homo-
13P05 Polynomials, factorization in commutative rings topical algebraic geometry, derived algebraic geom-
[See also 12-08] etry, etc.) {For categorical aspects, see 18Fxx,
18Gxx}
13P10 Gröbner bases; other bases for ideals and mod-
ules (e.g., Janet and border bases) 14A99 None of the above, but in this section

22

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14Bxx Local theory in algebraic geometry 14Dxx Families, fibrations in algebraic ge-
ometry
14B05 Singularities in algebraic geometry [See also
14E15, 14H20, 14J17, 32Sxx, 58Kxx] 14D05 Structure of families (Picard-Lefschetz, mon-
odromy, etc.)
14B07 Deformations of singularities [See also 14D15,
32S30] 14D06 Fibrations, degenerations in algebraic geometry
14D07 Variation of Hodge structures (algebro-geometric
14B10 Infinitesimal methods in algebraic geometry [See aspects) [See also 32G20]
also 13D10]
14D10 Arithmetic ground fields (finite, local, global)
14B12 Local deformation theory, Artin approximation, and families or fibrations
etc. [See also 13B40, 13D10]
14D15 Formal methods and deformations in algebraic
14B15 Local cohomology and algebraic geometry [See geometry [See also 13D10, 14B07, 32Gxx]
also 13D45, 32C36] 14D20 Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector
bundles {For analytic moduli problems, see 32G13}
14B20 Formal neighborhoods in algebraic geometry
14D21 Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces
14B25 Local structure of morphisms in algebraic geom- in mathematical physics (twistor theory, instantons,
etry: étale, flat, etc. [See also 13B40] quantum field theory) [See also 32L25, 81Txx]

14B99 None of the above, but in this section 14D22 Fine and coarse moduli spaces
14D23 Stacks and moduli problems
14Cxx Cycles and subschemes 14D24 Geometric Langlands program (algebro-
14C05 Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) geometric aspects) [See also 22E57]
14D99 None of the above, but in this section
14C15 (Equivariant) Chow groups and rings; motives

14C17 Intersection theory, characteristic classes, inter- 14Exx Birational geometry

section multiplicities in algebraic geometry [See also 14E05 Rational and birational maps
13H15]
14E07 Birational automorphisms, Cremona group and
14C20 Divisors, linear systems, invertible sheaves generalizations

14C21 Pencils, nets, webs in algebraic geometry [See 14E08 Rationality questions in algebraic geometry [See
also 53A60] also 14M20]
14E15 Global theory and resolution of singularities
14C22 Picard groups (algebro-geometric aspects) [See also 14B05, 32S20,
32S45]
14C25 Algebraic cycles
14E16 McKay correspondence
14C30 Transcendental methods, Hodge theory (algebro-
geometric aspects) [See also 14D07, 32G20, 32J25, 14E18 Arcs and motivic integration
32S35], Hodge conjecture 14E20 Coverings in algebraic geometry [See also 14H30]

14C34 Torelli problem [See also 32G20] 14E22 Ramification problems in algebraic geometry [See
also 11S15]
14C35 Applications of methods of algebraic K-theory in
algebraic geometry [See also 19Exx] 14E25 Embeddings in algebraic geometry
14E30 Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal
14C40 Riemann-Roch theorems [See also 19E20, 19L10] rays)
14C99 None of the above, but in this section 14E99 None of the above, but in this section

23

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14Fxx (Co)homology theory in algebraic 14G17 Positive characteristic ground fields in algebraic
geometry [See also 13Dxx] geometry

14F06 Sheaves in algebraic geometry [See also 14F08, 14G20 Local ground fields in algebraic geometry
14H60, 14J60, 18F20, 32Lxx, 46M20]
14G22 Rigid analytic geometry
14F08 Derived categories of sheaves, dg categories, and 14G25 Global ground fields in algebraic geometry
related constructions in algebraic geometry [See also
14A30, 14F06, 18Gxx] 14G27 Other nonalgebraically closed ground fields in al-
gebraic geometry
14F10 Differentials and other special sheaves; D-
modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials 14G32 Universal profinite groups (relationship to mod-
[See also 13Nxx, 32C38] uli spaces, projective and moduli towers, Galois the-
ory)
14F17 Vanishing theorems in algebraic geometry [See
also 32L20] 14G35 Modular and Shimura varieties [See also 11F41,
11F46, 11G18]
14F18 Multiplier ideals
14G40 Arithmetic varieties and schemes; Arakelov the-
14F20 Étale and other Grothendieck topologies and ory; heights [See also 11G50, 37P30]
(co)homologies
14G45 Perfectoid spaces and mixed characteristic
14F22 Brauer groups of schemes [See also 12G05, 16K50] 14G50 Applications to coding theory and cryptography

14F25 Classical real and complex (co)homology in alge- of arithmetic geometry [See also 94A60, 94B27,
braic geometry 94B40]

14F30 p-adic cohomology, crystalline cohomology 14G99 None of the above, but in this section

14F35 Homotopy theory and fundamental groups in al- 14Hxx Curves in algebraic geometry
gebraic geometry [See also 14H30]
14H05 Algebraic functions and function fields in alge-
14F40 de Rham cohomology and algebraic geometry braic geometry [See also 11R58]
[See also 14C30, 32C35, 32L10]
14H10 Families, moduli of curves (algebraic)
14F42 Motivic cohomology; motivic homotopy theory
14H15 Families, moduli of curves (analytic) [See also
[See also 19E15]
30F10, 32G15]
14F43 Other algebro-geometric (co)homologies (e.g.,
14H20 Singularities of curves, local rings [See also
intersection, equivariant, Lawson, Deligne
13Hxx, 14B05]
(co)homologies)
14H25 Arithmetic ground fields for curves [See also
14F45 Topological properties in algebraic geometry 11Dxx, 11G05, 14Gxx]
14F99 None of the above, but in this section 14H30 Coverings of curves, fundamental group [See also
14E20, 14F35]
14Gxx Arithmetic problems in algebraic 14H37 Automorphisms of curves
geometry; Diophantine geometry [See also
11Dxx, 11Gxx] 14H40 Jacobians, Prym varieties [See also 32G20]

14G05 Rational points 14H42 Theta functions and curves; Schottky problem
[See also 14K25, 32G20]
14G10 Zeta functions and related questions in algebraic
geometry (e.g., Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture) 14H45 Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus
[See also 11G40] 14H50 Plane and space curves
14G12 Hasse principle, weak and strong approximation, 14H51 Special divisors on curves (gonality, Brill-
Brauer-Manin obstruction [See also 14F22] Noether theory)
14G15 Finite ground fields in algebraic geometry 14H52 Elliptic curves [See also 11G05, 11G07, 14Kxx]

24

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14H55 Riemann surfaces; Weierstrass points; gap se- 14J60 Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-
quences [See also 30Fxx] dimensional varieties, and their moduli [See also
14D20, 14F06, 14H60, 32Lxx]
14H57 Dessins d’enfants theory {For arithmetic aspects,
see 11G32} 14J70 Hypersurfaces and algebraic geometry
14H60 Vector bundles on curves and their moduli [See 14J80 Topology of surfaces (Donaldson polynomials,
also 14D20, 14F06, 14J60] Seiberg-Witten invariants)
14H70 Relationships between algebraic curves and inte- 14J81 Relationships with physics
grable systems
14J99 None of the above, but in this section
14H81 Relationships between algebraic curves and
physics
14Kxx Abelian varieties and schemes
14H99 None of the above, but in this section
14K02 Isogeny
14Jxx Surfaces and higher-dimensional va- 14K05 Algebraic theory of abelian varieties
rieties {For analytic theory, see 32Jxx}
14K10 Algebraic moduli of abelian varieties, classifica-
14J10 Families, moduli, classification: algebraic theory tion [See also 11G15]
14J15 Moduli, classification: analytic theory; relations 14K12 Subvarieties of abelian varieties
with modular forms [See also 32G13]
14K15 Arithmetic ground fields for abelian varieties [See
14J17 Singularities of surfaces or higher-dimensional va- also 11Dxx, 11Fxx, 11G10, 14Gxx]
rieties [See also 14B05, 14E15, 32S05, 32S25]
14K20 Analytic theory of abelian varieties; abelian in-
14J20 Arithmetic ground fields for surfaces or higher- tegrals and differentials
dimensional varieties [See also 11Dxx, 11G25,
11G35, 14Gxx] 14K22 Complex multiplication and abelian varieties
[See also 11G15]
14J25 Special surfaces {For Hilbert modular surfaces,
see 14G35} 14K25 Theta functions and abelian varieties [See also
14J26 Rational and ruled surfaces 14H42]

14J27 Elliptic surfaces, elliptic or Calabi-Yau fibrations 14K30 Picard schemes, higher Jacobians [See also
14H40, 32G20]
14J28 K3 surfaces and Enriques surfaces
14K99 None of the above, but in this section
14J29 Surfaces of general type
14J30 3-folds 14Lxx Algebraic groups {For linear alge-
braic groups, see 20Gxx; for Lie algebras,
14J32 Calabi-Yau manifolds (algebro-geometric as-
pects) [See also 32Q25] see 17B45}
14L05 Formal groups, p-divisible groups [See also
14J33 Mirror symmetry (algebro-geometric aspects)
55N22]
[See also 11G42, 53D37]
14J35 4-folds 14L10 Group varieties

14J40 n-folds (n > 4) 14L15 Group schemes

14J42 Holomorphic symplectic varieties, hyper-Kähler 14L17 Affine algebraic groups, hyperalgebra construc-
varieties tions [See also 17B45, 18C40]

14J45 Fano varieties 14L24 Geometric invariant theory [See also 13A50]

14J50 Automorphisms of surfaces and higher- 14L30 Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients)
dimensional varieties [See also 13A50, 14L24, 14M17]

25

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14L35 Classical groups (algebro-geometric aspects) [See 14N25 Varieties of low degree
also 20Gxx, 51N30]
14N30 Adjunction problems
14L40 Other algebraic groups (geometric aspects)
14N35 Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum coho-
14L99 None of the above, but in this section
mology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-
Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) [See
14Mxx Special varieties also 53D45]
14M05 Varieties defined by ring conditions (factorial,
Cohen-Macaulay, seminormal) [See also 13F15, 14N99 None of the above, but in this section
13F45, 13H10]
14M06 Linkage [See also 13C40] 14Pxx Real algebraic and real-analytic ge-
ometry
14M07 Low codimension problems in algebraic geome-
try 14P05 Real algebraic sets [See also 12D15, 13J30]

14M10 Complete intersections [See also 13C40] 14P10 Semialgebraic sets and related spaces
14M12 Determinantal varieties [See also 13C40]
14P15 Real-analytic and semi-analytic sets [See also
14M15 Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag mani- 32B20, 32C05]
folds [See also 32M10, 51M35]
14P20 Nash functions and manifolds [See also 32C07,
14M17 Homogeneous spaces and generalizations [See 58A07]
also 32M10, 53C30, 57T15]
14P25 Topology of real algebraic varieties
14M20 Rational and unirational varieties [See also
14E08] 14P99 None of the above, but in this section
14M22 Rationally connected varieties
14M25 Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov 14Qxx Computational aspects in algebraic
bodies [See also 52B20] geometry {For software etc., see 14-04}
[See also 12-08, 13Pxx, 68W30]
14M27 Compactifications; symmetric and spherical va-
rieties 14Q05 Computational aspects of algebraic curves [See
also 14Hxx]
14M30 Supervarieties [See also 32C11, 58A50]
14M35 Character varieties 14Q10 Computational aspects of algebraic surfaces [See
also 14Jxx]
14M99 None of the above, but in this section
14Q15 Computational aspects of higher-dimensional va-
14Nxx Projective and enumerative alge- rieties [See also 14Jxx, 14Mxx]
braic geometry [See also 51-XX] 14Q20 Effectivity, complexity and computational as-
14N05 Projective techniques in algebraic geometry [See pects of algebraic geometry
also 51N35]
14Q25 Computational algebraic geometry over arith-
14N07 Secant varieties, tensor rank, varieties of sums of metic ground fields [See also 14Gxx, 14H25, 14Kxx]
powers
14Q30 Computational real algebraic geometry [See also
14N10 Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems)
14Pxx]
in algebraic geometry
14N15 Classical problems, Schubert calculus 14Q65 Geometric aspects of numerical algebraic geom-
etry [See also 65H14]
14N20 Configurations and arrangements of linear sub-
spaces 14Q99 None of the above, but in this section

26

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14Rxx Affine geometry 15Axx Basic linear algebra
14R05 Classification of affine varieties 15A03 Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineabil-
ity
14R10 Affine spaces (automorphisms, embeddings, ex-
otic structures, cancellation problem) 15A04 Linear transformations, semilinear transforma-
tions
14R15 Jacobian problem [See also 13F20]
15A06 Linear equations (linear algebraic aspects)
14R20 Group actions on affine varieties [See also 13A50,
15A09 Theory of matrix inversion and generalized in-
14L30]
verses
14R25 Affine fibrations [See also 14D06] 15A10 Applications of generalized inverses
14R99 None of the above, but in this section 15A12 Conditioning of matrices [See also 65F35]

15A15 Determinants, permanents, traces, other special

14Txx Tropical geometry [See also 12K10, matrix functions [See also 19B10, 19B14]
14M25, 14N10, 52B20]
15A16 Matrix exponential and similar functions of ma-
14T10 Foundations of tropical geometry and relations trices
with algebra {For algebraic aspects, see 15A80}
15A18 Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors
14T15 Combinatorial aspects of tropical varieties
15A20 Diagonalization, Jordan forms
14T20 Geometric aspects of tropical varieties
15A21 Canonical forms, reductions, classification
14T25 Arithmetic aspects of tropical varieties 15A22 Matrix pencils [See also 47A56]
14T90 Applications of tropical geometry 15A23 Factorization of matrices

14T99 None of the above, but in this section 15A24 Matrix equations and identities

15A27 Commutativity of matrices

15-XX Linear and multilinear alge- 15A29 Inverse problems in linear algebra
bra; matrix theory 15A30 Algebraic systems of matrices [See also 16S50,
15-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 20Gxx, 20Hxx]
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to linear algebra 15A39 Linear inequalities of matrices
15-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 15A42 Inequalities involving eigenvalues and eigenvec-
pers, etc.) pertaining to linear algebra tors

15-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 15A45 Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices
pertaining to linear algebra
15A54 Matrices over function rings in one or more vari-
15-03 History of linear algebra [Consider also classifica- ables
tion numbers pertaining to Section 01]
15A60 Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications
15-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- of functional analysis to matrix theory [See also
ing to linear algebra 65F35, 65J05]

15A63 Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner products [See

15-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
mainly 11Exx]
taining to linear algebra
15A66 Clifford algebras, spinors
15-11 Research data for problems pertaining to linear
algebra 15A67 Applications of Clifford algebras to physics, etc.

27

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15A69 Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus 16-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to associative rings and algebras
15A72 Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants
[See also 13A50, 14L24] 16-03 History of associative rings and algebras [Consider
also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
15A75 Exterior algebra, Grassmann algebras
16-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
15A78 Other algebras built from modules ing to associative rings and algebras
15A80 Max-plus and related algebras 16-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to associative rings and algebras
15A83 Matrix completion problems
16-11 Research data for problems pertaining to associa-
15A86 Linear preserver problems
tive rings and algebras
15A99 None of the above, but in this section
16Bxx General and miscellaneous
15Bxx Special matrices 16B50 Category-theoretic methods and results in asso-
15B05 Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices ciative algebras (except as in 16D90) [See also 18-
XX]
15B10 Orthogonal matrices
16B70 Applications of logic in associative algebras [See
15B15 Fuzzy matrices also 03Cxx]

15B30 Matrix Lie algebras 16B99 None of the above, but in this section

15B33 Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite

fields, etc.) 16Dxx Modules, bimodules and ideals in
associative algebras
15B34 Boolean and Hadamard matrices
16D10 General module theory in associative algebras
15B35 Sign pattern matrices
16D20 Bimodules in associative algebras
15B36 Matrices of integers [See also 11C20]
16D25 Ideals in associative algebras
15B48 Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones
16D30 Infinite-dimensional simple rings (except as in
of matrices
16Kxx)
15B51 Stochastic matrices
16D40 Free, projective, and flat modules and ideals in
15B52 Random matrices (algebraic aspects) {For prob- associative algebras [See also 19A13]
abilistic aspects, see 60B20}
16D50 Injective modules, self-injective associative rings
15B57 Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices [See also 16L60]

15B99 None of the above, but in this section 16D60 Simple and semisimple modules, primitive rings
and ideals in associative algebras
16D70 Structure and classification for modules, bimod-
16-XX Associative rings and alge- ules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum
bras {For the commutative case, decomposition and cancellation in associative alge-
bras)
see 13-XX}
16D80 Other classes of modules and ideals in associative
16-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, algebras [See also 16G50]
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to associative rings
and algebras 16D90 Module categories in associative algebras [See
also 16Gxx, 16S90]; module theory in a category-
16-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- theoretic context; Morita equivalence and duality
pers, etc.) pertaining to associative rings and alge-
bras 16D99 None of the above, but in this section

28

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16Exx Homological methods in associative 16Hxx Associative algebras and orders
algebras {For commutative rings, see {For arithmetic aspects, see 11R52,
13Dxx; for general categories, see 18Gxx} 11R54, 11S45; for representation theory,
16E05 Syzygies, resolutions, complexes in associative al-
see 16G30}
gebras 16H05 Separable algebras (e.g., quaternion algebras,
Azumaya algebras, etc.)
16E10 Homological dimension in associative algebras
16H10 Orders in separable algebras
16E20 Grothendieck groups, K-theory, etc. [See also
18F30, 19Axx, 19D50] 16H15 Commutative orders
16E30 Homological functors on modules (Tor, Ext, etc.) 16H20 Lattices over orders
in associative algebras
16H99 None of the above, but in this section
16E35 Derived categories and associative algebras

16E40 (Co)homology of rings and associative algebras 16Kxx Division rings and semisimple
(e.g., Hochschild, cyclic, dihedral, etc.) Artin rings [See also 12E15, 15A30]
16E45 Differential graded algebras and applications (as- 16K20 Finite-dimensional division rings {For crossed
sociative algebraic aspects) products, see 16S35}

16E50 von Neumann regular rings and generalizations 16K40 Infinite-dimensional and general division rings
(associative algebraic aspects)
16K50 Brauer groups (algebraic aspects) [See also
16E60 Semihereditary and hereditary rings, free ideal 12G05, 14F22]
rings, Sylvester rings, etc.
16K99 None of the above, but in this section
16E65 Homological conditions on associative rings
(generalizations of regular, Gorenstein, Cohen-
Macaulay rings, etc.) 16Lxx Local rings and generalizations
16E99 None of the above, but in this section 16L30 Noncommutative local and semilocal rings, per-
fect rings

16Gxx Representation theory of associa- 16L60 Quasi-Frobenius rings [See also 16D50]
tive rings and algebras
16L99 None of the above, but in this section
16G10 Representations of associative Artinian rings

16G20 Representations of quivers and partially ordered 16Nxx Radicals and radical properties of
sets associative rings
16G30 Representations of orders, lattices, algebras over 16N20 Jacobson radical, quasimultiplication
commutative rings [See also 16Hxx]
16N40 Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associa-
16G50 Cohen-Macaulay modules in associative algebras tive rings

16G60 Representation type (finite, tame, wild, etc.) of 16N60 Prime and semiprime associative rings [See also
associative algebras 16D60, 16U10]

16G70 Auslander-Reiten sequences (almost split se- 16N80 General radicals and associative rings {For radi-
quences) and Auslander-Reiten quivers cals in module categories, see 16S90}

16G99 None of the above, but in this section 16N99 None of the above, but in this section

29

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16Pxx Chain conditions, growth condi- 16S20 Centralizing and normalizing extensions
tions, and other forms of finiteness for as- 16S30 Universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras [See
sociative rings and algebras mainly 17B35]
16P10 Finite rings and finite-dimensional associative al- 16S32 Rings of differential operators (associative alge-
gebras {For semisimple, see 16K20; for commuta- braic aspects) [See also 13N10, 32C38]
tive, see 11Txx, 13Mxx}
16S34 Group rings [See also 20C05, 20C07], Laurent
16P20 Artinian rings and modules (associative rings and polynomial rings (associative algebraic aspects)
algebras)
16S35 Twisted and skew group rings, crossed products
16P40 Noetherian rings and modules (associative rings
and algebras) 16S36 Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and semi-
group rings [See also 20M25]
16P50 Localization and associative Noetherian rings
[See also 16U20] 16S37 Quadratic and Koszul algebras

16P60 Chain conditions on annihilators and summands: 16S38 Rings arising from noncommutative algebraic ge-
Goldie-type conditions [See also 16U20], Krull di- ometry [See also 14A22]
mension (associative rings and algebras) 16S40 Smash products of general Hopf actions [See also
16T05]
16P70 Chain conditions on other classes of submodules,
ideals, subrings, etc.; coherence (associative rings 16S50 Endomorphism rings; matrix rings [See also 15-
and algebras) XX]
16P90 Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 16S60 Associative rings of functions, subdirect products,
sheaves of rings
16P99 None of the above, but in this section
16S70 Extensions of associative rings by ideals
16Rxx Rings with polynomial identity 16S80 Deformations of associative rings [See also 13D10,
16R10 T -ideals, identities, varieties of associative rings 14D15]
and algebras 16S85 Associative rings of fractions and localizations
16R20 Semiprime p.i. rings, rings embeddable in matri- [See also 13B30]
ces over commutative rings 16S88 Leavitt path algebras
16R30 Trace rings and invariant theory (associative 16S90 Torsion theories; radicals on module categories
rings and algebras) (associative algebraic aspects) [See also 13D30,
18E40] {For radicals of rings, see 16Nxx}
16R40 Identities other than those of matrices over com-
mutative rings 16S99 None of the above, but in this section
16R50 Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial,
rational, involution) 16Txx Hopf algebras, quantum groups and
related topics
16R60 Functional identities (associative rings and alge-
bras) 16T05 Hopf algebras and their applications [See also
16S40, 57T05]
16R99 None of the above, but in this section
16T10 Bialgebras
16Sxx Associative rings and algebras aris- 16T15 Coalgebras and comodules; corings
ing under various constructions 16T20 Ring-theoretic aspects of quantum groups [See
16S10 Associative rings determined by universal prop- also 17B37, 20G42, 81R50]
erties (free algebras, coproducts, adjunction of in-
16T25 Yang-Baxter equations
verses, etc.)
16T30 Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics
16S15 Finite generation, finite presentability, normal
forms (diamond lemma, term-rewriting) 16T99 None of the above, but in this section

30

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16Uxx Conditions on elements 16Yxx Generalizations {For nonassocia-
16U10 Integral domains (associative rings and algebras)
tive rings, see 17-XX}
16Y20 Hyperrings
16U20 Ore rings, multiplicative sets, Ore localization
16Y30 Near-rings [See also 12K05]
16U30 Divisibility, noncommutative UFDs

16U40 Idempotent elements (associative rings and alge- 16Y60 Semirings [See also 12K10]
bras)
16Y80 Γ and fuzzy structures
16U60 Units, groups of units (associative rings and al-
gebras) 16Y99 None of the above, but in this section

16U70 Center, normalizer (invariant elements) (associa-

tive rings and algebras) 16Zxx Computational aspects of associa-
tive rings {For software etc., see 16-04}
16U80 Generalizations of commutativity (associative
rings and algebras) 16Z05 Computational aspects of associative rings (gen-
eral theory) [See also 68W30]
16U90 Generalized inverses (associative rings and alge-
bras) 16Z10 Gröbner-Shirshov bases

16U99 None of the above, but in this section 16Z99 None of the above, but in this section

16Wxx Associative rings and algebras with

additional structure 17-XX Nonassociative rings and al-
16W10 Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and other
gebras
nonassociative structures [See also 17B60, 17C50,
17-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
46Kxx]
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to nonassociative
16W20 Automorphisms and endomorphisms rings and algebras

16W22 Actions of groups and semigroups; invariant the- 17-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
ory (associative rings and algebras) pers, etc.) pertaining to nonassociative rings and
algebras
16W25 Derivations, actions of Lie algebras
17-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
16W50 Graded rings and modules (associative rings and pertaining to nonassociative rings and algebras
algebras)
17-03 History of nonassociative rings and algebras [Con-
16W55 “Super” (or “skew”) structure [See also 17A70, sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
17Bxx, 17C70] {For exterior algebras, see 15A75; tion 01]
for Clifford algebras, see 11E88, 15A66}
17-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
16W60 Valuations, completions, formal power series
ing to nonassociative rings and algebras
and related constructions (associative rings and al-
gebras) [See also 13Jxx]
17-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
16W70 Filtered associative rings; filtrational and graded taining to nonassociative rings and algebras
techniques
17-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
16W80 Topological and ordered rings and modules [See to nonassociative rings and algebras
also 06F25, 13Jxx]
17-11 Research data for problems pertaining to nonas-
16W99 None of the above, but in this section sociative rings and algebras

31

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17Axx General nonassociative rings 17B22 Root systems
17A01 General theory of nonassociative rings and alge- 17B25 Exceptional (super)algebras
bras
17B30 Solvable, nilpotent (super)algebras
17A05 Power-associative rings
17B35 Universal enveloping (super)algebras [See also
17A15 Noncommutative Jordan algebras 16S30]
17A20 Flexible algebras 17B37 Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras)
and related deformations [See also 16T20, 20G42,
17A30 Nonassociative algebras satisfying other identi-
81R50, 82B23]
ties
17B38 Yang-Baxter equations and Rota-Baxter opera-
17A32 Leibniz algebras
tors
17A35 Nonassociative division algebras
17B40 Automorphisms, derivations, other operators for
17A36 Automorphisms, derivations, other operators Lie algebras and super algebras
(nonassociative rings and algebras)
17B45 Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups [See also
17A40 Ternary compositions 14Lxx and 20Gxx]

17A42 Other n-ary compositions (n ≥ 3) 17B50 Modular Lie (super)algebras

17A45 Quadratic algebras (but not quadratic Jordan al- 17B55 Homological methods in Lie (super)algebras
gebras)
17B56 Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras
17A50 Free nonassociative algebras
17B60 Lie (super)algebras associated with other struc-
17A60 Structure theory for nonassociative algebras tures (associative, Jordan, etc.) [See also 16W10,
17C40, 17C50]
17A61 Gröbner-Shirshov bases in nonassociative alge-
bras 17B61 Hom-Lie and related algebras

17A65 Radical theory (nonassociative rings and alge- 17B62 Lie bialgebras; Lie coalgebras
bras) 17B63 Poisson algebras
17A70 Superalgebras 17B65 Infinite-dimensional Lie (super)algebras [See also
17A75 Composition algebras 22E65]

17A80 Valued algebras 17B66 Lie algebras of vector fields and related (super)
algebras
17A99 None of the above, but in this section
17B67 Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie
algebras; toroidal Lie algebras
17Bxx Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras
{For Lie groups, see 22Exx} 17B68 Virasoro and related algebras
17B01 Identities, free Lie (super)algebras 17B69 Vertex operators; vertex operator algebras and
related structures
17B05 Structure theory for Lie algebras and superalge-
bras 17B70 Graded Lie (super)algebras
17B08 Coadjoint orbits; nilpotent varieties 17B75 Color Lie (super)algebras
17B10 Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superal- 17B80 Applications of Lie algebras and superalgebras to
gebras, algebraic theory (weights) integrable systems
17B15 Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superal- 17B81 Applications of Lie (super)algebras to physics,
gebras, analytic theory etc.
17B20 Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras 17B99 None of the above, but in this section

32

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17Cxx Jordan algebras (algebras, triples 18-XX Category theory; homologi-
and pairs) cal algebra {For commutative rings,
17C05 Identities and free Jordan structures see 13Dxx; for associative rings,
17C10 Structure theory for Jordan algebras see 16Exx; for groups, see 20Jxx;
for topological groups and related
17C17 Radicals in Jordan algebras
structures, see 57Txx; for algebraic
17C20 Simple, semisimple Jordan algebras
topology, see also 55Nxx, 55Uxx}
17C27 Idempotents, Peirce decompositions 18-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to category theory
17C30 Associated groups, automorphisms of Jordan al-
gebras 18-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to category theory
17C36 Associated manifolds of Jordan algebras
18-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
17C37 Associated geometries of Jordan algebras pertaining to category theory

17C40 Exceptional Jordan structures 18-03 History of category theory [Consider also classifi-
cation numbers pertaining to Section 01]
17C50 Jordan structures associated with other struc-
tures [See also 16W10] 18-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to category theory
17C55 Finite-dimensional structures of Jordan algebras
18-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
17C60 Division algebras and Jordan algebras taining to category theory

18-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining

17C65 Jordan structures on Banach spaces and algebras
to category theory
[See also 46H70, 46L70]
18-11 Research data for problems pertaining to category
17C70 Super structures theory
17C90 Applications of Jordan algebras to physics, etc.
18Axx General theory of categories and
17C99 None of the above, but in this section functors
18A05 Definitions and generalizations in theory of cat-
17Dxx Other nonassociative rings and al- egories
gebras
18A10 Graphs, diagram schemes, precategories
17D05 Alternative rings
18A15 Foundations, relations to logic and deductive sys-
17D10 Mal’tsev rings and algebras tems [See also 03-XX]

17D15 Right alternative rings 18A20 Epimorphisms, monomorphisms, special classes

of morphisms, null morphisms
17D20 (γ, δ)-rings, including (1, −1)-rings
18A22 Special properties of functors (faithful, full, etc.)
17D25 Lie-admissible algebras 18A23 Natural morphisms, dinatural morphisms
17D30 (non-Lie) Hom algebras and topics 18A25 Functor categories, comma categories

17D92 Genetic algebras 18A30 Limits and colimits (products, sums, directed
limits, pushouts, fiber products, equalizers, kernels,
17D99 None of the above, but in this section ends and coends, etc.)

33

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18A32 Factorization systems, substructures, quotient 18C40 Structured objects in a category (group objects,
structures, congruences, amalgams etc.)

18A35 Categories admitting limits (complete cate- 18C50 Categorical semantics of formal languages [See
gories), functors preserving limits, completions also 68Q55, 68Q65]

18A40 Adjoint functors (universal constructions, reflec- 18C99 None of the above, but in this section
tive subcategories, Kan extensions, etc.)
18Dxx Categorical structures
18A50 Graded categories (general) {For dg categories,
see 18G35} 18D15 Closed categories (closed monoidal and Cartesian
closed categories, etc.)
18A99 None of the above, but in this section
18D20 Enriched categories (over closed or monoidal cat-
egories)
18Bxx Special categories
18B05 Categories of sets, characterizations [See also 03- 18D25 Actions of a monoidal category, tensorial
XX] strength {For functional programming, see also
68N18}
18B10 Categories of spans/cospans, relations, or partial
18D30 Fibered categories
maps
18D40 Internal categories and groupoids {For double
18B15 Embedding theorems, universal categories [See
categories, see 18N10; for topological groupoids, see
also 18E20]
22A22; for Lie groupoids, see 58H05}
18B20 Categories of machines, automata [See also
18D60 Profunctors (= correspondences, distributors,
03D05, 68Qxx]
modules)
18B25 Topoi [See also 03G30, 18F10] 18D65 Proarrow equipments, Yoneda structures, KZ
18B35 Preorders, orders, domains and lattices (viewed doctrines (lax idempotent monads)
as categories) [See also 06-XX] 18D70 Formal category theory
18B40 Groupoids, semigroupoids, semigroups, groups 18D99 None of the above, but in this section
(viewed as categories) [See also 20Axx, 20L05,
20Mxx]
18Exx Categorical algebra
18B50 Extensive, distributive, and adhesive categories 18E05 Preadditive, additive categories
18B99 None of the above, but in this section 18E08 Regular categories, Barr-exact categories
18E10 Abelian categories, Grothendieck categories
18Cxx Categories and theories
18C05 Equational categories [See also 03C05, 08C05] 18E13 Protomodular categories, semi-abelian cate-
gories, Mal’tsev categories [See also 08B05 and
18C10 Theories (e.g., algebraic theories), structure, and 18B10]
semantics [See also 03G30]
18E20 Categorical embedding theorems [See also 18B15]
18C15 Monads (= standard construction, triple or
18E35 Localization of categories, calculus of fractions
triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived
{For homotopical aspects, see also 18N45, 55P60}
functors for monads [See also 18Gxx] {For func-
tional programming, see also 68N18} 18E40 Torsion theories, radicals [See also 13D30, 16S90]
18C20 Eilenberg-Moore and Kleisli constructions for 18E45 Definable subcategories and connections with
monads model theory [See also 13C60]
18C30 Sketches and generalizations 18E50 Categorical Galois theory
18C35 Accessible and locally presentable categories 18E99 None of the above, but in this section

34

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18Fxx Categories in geometry and topol- 18G35 Chain complexes (category-theoretic aspects), dg
ogy categories [See also 14F08, 18G80, 55U15]

18F05 Local categories and functors 18G40 Spectral sequences, hypercohomology [See also
55Txx]
18F10 Grothendieck topologies and Grothendieck topoi
[See also 14F20, 18B25] 18G45 2-groups, crossed modules, crossed complexes

18F15 Abstract manifolds and fiber bundles (category- 18G50 Nonabelian homological algebra (category-
theoretic aspects) [See also 55Rxx, 57Pxx] theoretic aspects)
18F20 Presheaves and sheaves, stacks, descent condi- 18G65 Stable module categories [See also 20C20]
tions (category-theoretic aspects) [See also 14F06,
14F08, 32C35, 32L10, 54B40, 55N30] 18G70 A∞ -categories, relations with homological mirror
symmetry [See also 14F08, 14J33, 53D37]
18F25 Algebraic K-theory and L-theory (category-
theoretic aspects) [See also 11Exx, 11R70, 11S70, 18G80 Derived categories, triangulated categories
12-XX, 13D15, 14Cxx, 16E20, 19-XX, 46L80, 18G85 Graph complexes and graph homology {For re-
57R65, 57R67] lations with deformation quantization, see 53D55}
18F30 Grothendieck groups (category-theoretic aspects) 18G90 Other (co)homology theories (category-theoretic
[See also 13D15, 16E20, 19Axx] aspects) [See also 19D55, 46L80, 58J20, 58J22]
18F40 Synthetic differential geometry, tangent cate- 18G99 None of the above, but in this section
gories, differential categories
18F50 Goodwillie calculus and functor calculus 18Mxx Monoidal categories and operads
18F60 Categories of topological spaces and continuous 18M05 Monoidal categories, symmetric monoidal cate-
mappings [See also 54-XX] gories [See also 19D23]

18F70 Frames and locales, pointfree topology, Stone du- 18M10 Traced monoidal categories, compact closed cat-
ality [See also 06D22, 18B35] egories, star-autonomous categories

18F75 Quantales [See also 06F07, 18B35] 18M15 Braided monoidal categories and ribbon cate-
gories {For applications to knot theory, see also
18F99 None of the above, but in this section 57Kxx; for applications to quantum groups, see also
16T20, 17B37, 81R50}
18Gxx Homological algebra in category
18M20 Fusion categories, modular tensor categories,
theory, derived categories and functors modular functors {For applications to topological
[See also 13Dxx, 16Exx, 20Jxx, 55Nxx, quantum field theories, see also 57R56; for applica-
55Uxx, 57Txx] tions to conformal field theories, see also 81T40}
18G05 Projectives and injectives (category-theoretic as- 18M25 Tannakian categories {For applications to mo-
pects) [See also 13C10, 13C11, 16D40, 16D50] tives, see also 14C15, 19E15}
18G10 Resolutions; derived functors (category-theoretic 18M30 String diagrams and graphical calculi
aspects) [See also 13D02, 16E05, 18Gxx]
18M35 Categories of networks and processes, composi-
18G15 Ext and Tor, generalizations, Künneth formula tionality
(category-theoretic aspects) [See also 55U25]
18M40 Dagger categories, categorical quantum mechan-
18G20 Homological dimension (category-theoretic as- ics [See also 81P68]
pects) [See also 13D05, 16E10]
18M45 Categorical aspects of linear logic [See also
18G25 Relative homological algebra, projective classes 03B47]
(category-theoretic aspects)
18M50 Bimonoidal, skew-monoidal, duoidal categories
18G31 Simplicial modules and Dold-Kan correspon-
dence 18M60 Operads (general)

35

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18M65 Non-symmetric operads, multicategories, gener- 19-XX K-theory [See also 16E20,
alized multicategories
18F25]
18M70 Algebraic operads, cooperads, and Koszul dual-
19-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
ity
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to K-theory
18M75 Topological and simplicial operads [See also 19-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
18N60] pers, etc.) pertaining to K-theory
18M80 Species, Hopf monoids, operads in combinatorics 19-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to K-theory
18M85 Polycategories/dioperads, properads, PROPs,
cyclic operads, modular operads 19-03 History of K-theory [Consider also classification
numbers pertaining to Section 01]
18M90 Globular operads
19-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
18M99 None of the above, but in this section ing to K-theory

19-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-

18Nxx Higher categories and homotopical taining to K-theory
algebra
19-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
18N10 2-categories, bicategories, double categories to K-theory

18N15 2-dimensional monad theory [See also 18C15] 19-11 Research data for problems pertaining to K-
theory
18N20 Tricategories, weak n-categories, coherence,
semi-strictification
19Axx Grothendieck groups and K0 [See
18N25 Categorification also 13D15, 18F30]
19A13 Stability for projective modules [See also 13C10]
18N30 Strict omega-categories, computads, polygraphs
19A15 Efficient generation of modules
18N40 Homotopical algebra, Quillen model categories,
derivators [See also 55U35] 19A22 Frobenius induction, Burnside and representa-
tion rings
18N45 Categories of fibrations, relations to K-theory,
relations to type theory 19A31 K0 of group rings and orders

18N50 Simplicial sets, simplicial objects [See also 19A49 K0 of other rings
55U10]
19A99 None of the above, but in this section
18N55 Localizations (e.g., simplicial localization, Bous-
field localization) [See also 18E35, 55P60]
19Bxx Whitehead groups and K1
18N60 (∞, 1)-categories (quasi-categories, Segal spaces, 19B10 Stable range conditions
etc.); ∞-topoi, stable ∞-categories [See also 55U35,
55U40] 19B14 Stability for linear groups

18N65 (∞, n)-categories and (∞, ∞)-categories 19B28 K1 of group rings and orders [See also 57Q10]

18N70 ∞-operads and higher algebra [See also 18M75] 19B37 Congruence subgroup problems [See also 20H05]

18N99 None of the above, but in this section 19B99 None of the above, but in this section

36

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19Cxx Steinberg groups and K2 19Gxx K-theory of forms [See also 11Exx]
19C09 Central extensions and Schur multipliers 19G05 Stability for quadratic modules

19C20 Symbols, presentations and stability of K2 19G12 Witt groups of rings [See also 11E81]
19C30 K2 and the Brauer group 19G24 L-theory of group rings [See also 11E81]
19C40 Excision for K2 19G38 Hermitian K-theory, relations with K-theory of
rings
19C99 None of the above, but in this section
19G99 None of the above, but in this section
19Dxx Higher algebraic K-theory
19D06 Q- and plus-constructions 19Jxx Obstructions from topology
19D10 Algebraic K-theory of spaces 19J05 Finiteness and other obstructions in K0

19D23 Symmetric monoidal categories [See also 18M05] 19J10 Whitehead (and related) torsion

19D25 Karoubi-Villamayor-Gersten K-theory 19J25 Surgery obstructions (K-theoretic aspects) [See

also 57R67]
19D35 Negative K-theory, NK and Nil
19J35 Obstructions to group actions (K-theoretic as-
19D45 Higher symbols, Milnor K-theory pects)
19D50 Computations of higher K-theory of rings [See 19J99 None of the above, but in this section
also 13D15, 16E20]

19D55 K-theory and homology; cyclic homology and co- 19Kxx K-theory and operator algebras
homology [See also 18G90] [See mainly 46L80, and also 46M20]
19D99 None of the above, but in this section 19K14 K0 as an ordered group, traces

19Exx K-theory in geometry 19K33 Ext and K-homology [See also 55N22]

19E08 K-theory of schemes [See also 14C35] 19K35 Kasparov theory (KK-theory) [See also 58J22]

19E15 Algebraic cycles and motivic cohomology (K- 19K56 Index theory [See also 58J20, 58J22]
theoretic aspects) [See also 14C25, 14C35, 14F42]
19K99 None of the above, but in this section
19E20 Relations of K-theory with cohomology theories
[See also 14Fxx]
19Lxx Topological K-theory [See also
19E99 None of the above, but in this section 55N15, 55R50, 55S25]
19L10 Riemann-Roch theorems, Chern characters
19Fxx K-theory in number theory [See
also 11R70, 11S70] 19L20 J-homomorphism, Adams operations [See also
55Q50]
19F05 Generalized class field theory (K-theoretic as-
pects) [See also 11G45] 19L41 Connective K-theory, cobordism [See also 55N22]

19F15 Symbols and arithmetic (K-theoretic aspects) 19L47 Equivariant K-theory [See also 55N91, 55P91,
[See also 11R37] 55Q91, 55R91, 55S91]
19F27 Étale cohomology, higher regulators, zeta and 19L50 Twisted K-theory; differential K-theory
L-functions (K-theoretic aspects) [See also 11G40,
11R42, 11S40, 14F20, 14G10] 19L64 Geometric applications of topological K-theory

19F99 None of the above, but in this section 19L99 None of the above, but in this section

37

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19Mxx Miscellaneous applications of K- 20B25 Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geo-
theory metric, or combinatorial structures [See also 05Bxx,
12F10, 20G40, 20H30, 51-XX]
19M05 Miscellaneous applications of K-theory

19M99 None of the above, but in this section 20B27 Infinite automorphism groups [See also 12F10]

20B30 Symmetric groups

20-XX Group theory and general-
izations 20B35 Subgroups of symmetric groups
20-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to group theory 20B99 None of the above, but in this section

20-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-

pers, etc.) pertaining to group theory 20Cxx Representation theory of groups
20-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) {For representation rings and Burnside
pertaining to group theory rings, see also 19A22}
20-03 History of group theory [Consider also classifica- 20C05 Group rings of finite groups and their modules
tion numbers pertaining to Section 01] (group-theoretic aspects) [See also 16S34]

20-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-

20C07 Group rings of infinite groups and their modules
ing to group theory
(group-theoretic aspects) [See also 16S34]
20-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to group theory 20C08 Hecke algebras and their representations
20-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to group theory 20C10 Integral representations of finite groups

20-11 Research data for problems pertaining to group 20C11 p-adic representations of finite groups
theory
20C12 Integral representations of infinite groups
20Axx Foundations
20A05 Axiomatics and elementary properties of groups 20C15 Ordinary representations and characters
20A10 Metamathematical considerations in group the-
ory {For word problems, see 20F10} 20C20 Modular representations and characters

20A15 Applications of logic to group theory 20C25 Projective representations and multipliers
20A99 None of the above, but in this section
20C30 Representations of finite symmetric groups
20Bxx Permutation groups
20C32 Representations of infinite symmetric groups
20B05 General theory for finite permutation groups

20B07 General theory for infinite permutation groups 20C33 Representations of finite groups of Lie type

20B10 Characterization theorems for permutation

20C34 Representations of sporadic groups
groups

20B15 Primitive groups 20C35 Applications of group representations to physics

and other areas of science
20B20 Multiply transitive finite groups

20B22 Multiply transitive infinite groups 20C99 None of the above, but in this section

38

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20Dxx Abstract finite groups 20E32 Simple groups [See also 20D05]
20D05 Finite simple groups and their classification 20E34 General structure theorems for groups
20D06 Simple groups: alternating groups and groups of 20E36 Automorphisms of infinite groups [For automor-
Lie type [See also 20Gxx] phisms of finite groups, see 20D45]

20D08 Simple groups: sporadic groups 20E42 Groups with a BN -pair; buildings [See also
51E24]
20D10 Finite solvable groups, theory of formations,
Schunck classes, Fitting classes, π-length, ranks [See 20E45 Conjugacy classes for groups
also 20F17] 20E99 None of the above, but in this section
20D15 Finite nilpotent groups, p-groups
20Fxx Special aspects of infinite or finite
20D20 Sylow subgroups, Sylow properties, π-groups, π- groups
structure
20F05 Generators, relations, and presentations of
20D25 Special subgroups (Frattini, Fitting, etc.) groups
20D30 Series and lattices of subgroups 20F06 Cancellation theory of groups; application of van
Kampen diagrams [See also 57M05]
20D35 Subnormal subgroups of abstract finite groups
20F10 Word problems, other decision problems, con-
20D40 Products of subgroups of abstract finite groups nections with logic and automata (group-theoretic
20D45 Automorphisms of abstract finite groups aspects) [See also 03B25, 03D05, 03D40, 06B25,
08A50, 20M05, 68Q70]
20D60 Arithmetic and combinatorial problems involv-
20F11 Groups of finite Morley rank [See also 03C45,
ing abstract finite groups
03C60]
20D99 None of the above, but in this section
20F12 Commutator calculus

20Exx Structure and classification of infi- 20F14 Derived series, central series, and generalizations
for groups
nite or finite groups
20F16 Solvable groups, supersolvable groups [See also
20E05 Free nonabelian groups
20D10]
20E06 Free products of groups, free products with amal-
20F17 Formations of groups, Fitting classes [See also
gamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions,
20D10]
and generalizations
20F18 Nilpotent groups [See also 20D15]
20E07 Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth
20F19 Generalizations of solvable and nilpotent groups
20E08 Groups acting on trees [See also 20F65]
20F22 Other classes of groups defined by subgroup
20E10 Quasivarieties and varieties of groups chains
20E15 Chains and lattices of subgroups, subnormal sub- 20F24 FC-groups and their generalizations
groups [See also 20F22]
20F28 Automorphism groups of groups [See also 20E36]
20E18 Limits, profinite groups
20F29 Representations of groups as automorphism
20E22 Extensions, wreath products, and other compo- groups of algebraic systems
sitions of groups [See also 20J05] 20F34 Fundamental groups and their automorphisms
20E25 Local properties of groups (group-theoretic aspects) [See also 57M05, 57Sxx]
20F36 Braid groups; Artin groups
20E26 Residual properties and generalizations; residu-
ally finite groups 20F38 Other groups related to topology or analysis
20E28 Maximal subgroups 20F40 Associated Lie structures for groups

39

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20F45 Engel conditions 20G44 Kac-Moody groups

20F50 Periodic groups; locally finite groups 20G45 Applications of linear algebraic groups to the sci-
ences
20F55 Reflection and Coxeter groups (group-theoretic
aspects) [See also 22E40, 51F15] 20G99 None of the above, but in this section

20F60 Ordered groups (group-theoretic aspects) [See 20Hxx Other groups of matrices [See also
mainly 06F15] 15A30]
20F65 Geometric group theory [See also 05C25, 20E08, 20H05 Unimodular groups, congruence subgroups
57Mxx] (group-theoretic aspects) [See also 11F06, 19B37,
22E40, 51F20]
20F67 Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved
groups 20H10 Fuchsian groups and their generalizations
(group-theoretic aspects) [See also 11F06, 22E40,
20F69 Asymptotic properties of groups 30F35, 32Nxx]
20F70 Algebraic geometry over groups; equations over 20H15 Other geometric groups, including crystallo-
groups graphic groups [See also 51-XX, especially 51F15,
and 82D25]
20F99 None of the above, but in this section
20H20 Other matrix groups over fields
20Gxx Linear algebraic groups and related 20H25 Other matrix groups over rings
topics {For arithmetic theory, see 11E57, 20H30 Other matrix groups over finite fields
11H56; for geometric theory, see 14Lxx,
20H99 None of the above, but in this section
22Exx; for other methods in represen-
tation theory, see 15A30, 22E45, 22E46,
20Jxx Connections of group theory with
22E47, 22E50, 22E55}
homological algebra and category theory
20G05 Representation theory for linear algebraic groups
20J05 Homological methods in group theory
20G07 Structure theory for linear algebraic groups 20J06 Cohomology of groups
20G10 Cohomology theory for linear algebraic groups 20J15 Category of groups
20G15 Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields 20J99 None of the above, but in this section

20G20 Linear algebraic groups over the reals, the com- 20Kxx Abelian groups
plexes, the quaternions
20K01 Finite abelian groups {For sumsets, see 11B13,
20G25 Linear algebraic groups over local fields and their 11P70}
integers
20K10 Torsion groups, primary groups and generalized
20G30 Linear algebraic groups over global fields and primary groups
their integers
20K15 Torsion-free groups, finite rank
20G35 Linear algebraic groups over adèles and other 20K20 Torsion-free groups, infinite rank
rings and schemes
20K21 Mixed groups
20G40 Linear algebraic groups over finite fields
20K25 Direct sums, direct products, etc. for abelian
20G41 Exceptional groups groups

20G42 Quantum groups (quantized function algebras) 20K27 Subgroups of abelian groups
and their representations [See also 16T20, 17B37, 20K30 Automorphisms, homomorphisms, endomor-
81R50] phisms, etc. for abelian groups
20G43 Schur and q-Schur algebras 20K35 Extensions of abelian groups

40

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20K40 Homological and categorical methods for abelian 20M50 Connections of semigroups with homological al-
groups gebra and category theory

20K45 Topological methods for abelian groups [See also 20M75 Generalizations of semigroups
22A05, 22B05]
20M99 None of the above, but in this section
20K99 None of the above, but in this section
20Nxx Other generalizations of groups
20Lxx Groupoids (i.e. small categories 20N02 Sets with a single binary operation (groupoids)
in which all morphisms are isomorphisms) {For groupoids in connection with category theory,
{For sets with a single binary operation, see 20L05; for topological groupoids, see 22A22,
see 20N02; for topological groupoids, see 58H05}
22A22, 58H05} 20N05 Loops, quasigroups [See also 05Bxx]
20L05 Groupoids (i.e. small categories in which all mor-
20N10 Ternary systems (heaps, semiheaps, heapoids,
phisms are isomorphisms) {For sets with a sin-
etc.)
gle binary operation, see 20N02; for topological
groupoids, see 22A22, 58H05} 20N15 n-ary systems (n ≥ 3)
20L99 None of the above, but in this section 20N20 Hypergroups

20N25 Fuzzy groups [See also 03E72]

20Mxx Semigroups
20M05 Free semigroups, generators and relations, word 20N99 None of the above, but in this section
problems [See also 03D40, 08A50, 20F10]
20Pxx Probabilistic methods in group the-
20M07 Varieties and pseudovarieties of semigroups
ory [See also 60Bxx]
20M10 General structure theory for semigroups 20P05 Probabilistic methods in group theory [See also
60Bxx]
20M11 Radical theory for semigroups
20P99 None of the above, but in this section
20M12 Ideal theory for semigroups

20M13 Arithmetic theory of semigroups

22-XX Topological groups, Lie
20M14 Commutative semigroups groups {For transformation groups,
20M15 Mappings of semigroups see 54H15, 57Sxx, 58-XX; for ab-
20M17 Regular semigroups stract harmonic analysis, see 43-
20M18 Inverse semigroups XX}
20M19 Orthodox semigroups 22-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionar-
ies, bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to topological
20M20 Semigroups of transformations, relations, parti- groups
tions, etc. [See also 47D03, 47H20, 54H15]
22-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
20M25 Semigroup rings, multiplicative semigroups of pers, etc.) pertaining to topological groups
rings [See also 16S36, 16Y60]
22-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
20M30 Representation of semigroups; actions of semi- pertaining to topological groups
groups on sets
22-03 History of topological groups [Consider also clas-
20M32 Algebraic monoids sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]

20M35 Semigroups in automata theory, linguistics, etc. 22-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
[See also 03D05, 68Q70, 68T50] ing to topological groups

41

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22-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 22D12 Other representations of locally compact groups
taining to topological groups
22D15 Group algebras of locally compact groups
22-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining 22D20 Representations of group algebras
to topological groups
22D25 C ∗ -algebras and W ∗ -algebras in relation to group
22-11 Research data for problems pertaining to topolog- representations [See also 46Lxx]
ical groups
22D30 Induced representations for locally compact
groups
22Axx Topological and differentiable alge-
braic systems {For topological rings and 22D35 Duality theorems for locally compact groups
fields, see 12Jxx, 13Jxx, 16W80} 22D40 Ergodic theory on groups [See also 28Dxx]
22A05 Structure of general topological groups 22D45 Automorphism groups of locally compact groups

22A10 Analysis on general topological groups 22D50 Rigidity in locally compact groups

22A15 Structure of topological semigroups 22D55 Kazhdan’s property (T), the Haagerup property,
and generalizations
22A20 Analysis on topological semigroups
22D99 None of the above, but in this section
22A22 Topological groupoids (including differentiable
and Lie groupoids) [See also 58H05] 22Exx Lie groups {For the topology of
Lie groups and homogeneous spaces, see
22A25 Representations of general topological groups
and semigroups 57Sxx, 57Txx; for analysis thereon, see
43A80, 43A85, 43A90}
22A26 Topological semilattices, lattices and applica-
tions [See also 06B30, 06B35, 06F30] 22E05 Local Lie groups [See also 34-XX, 35-XX, 58H05]
22E10 General properties and structure of complex Lie
22A30 Other topological algebraic systems and their
groups [See also 32M05]
representations
22E15 General properties and structure of real Lie
22A99 None of the above, but in this section groups
22E20 General properties and structure of other Lie
22Bxx Locally compact abelian groups groups
(LCA groups)
22E25 Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups
22B05 General properties and structure of LCA groups
22E27 Representations of nilpotent and solvable Lie
22B10 Structure of group algebras of LCA groups groups (special orbital integrals, non-type I repre-
sentations, etc.)
22B99 None of the above, but in this section
22E30 Analysis on real and complex Lie groups [See also
33C80, 43-XX]
22Cxx Compact groups
22E35 Analysis on p-adic Lie groups
22C05 Compact groups
22E40 Discrete subgroups of Lie groups [See also 20Hxx,
22C99 None of the above, but in this section 32Nxx]
22E41 Continuous cohomologyof Lie groups [See also
22Dxx Locally compact groups and their 57R32, 57Txx, 58H10]
algebras
22E43 Structure and representation of the Lorentz
22D05 General properties and structure of locally com- group
pact groups
22E45 Representations of Lie and linear algebraic
22D10 Unitary representations of locally compact groups over real fields: analytic methods {For the
groups purely algebraic theory, see 20G05}

42

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22E46 Semisimple Lie groups and their representations 26-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to real functions
22E47 Representations of Lie and real algebraic groups:
algebraic methods (Verma modules, etc.) [See also 26-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
17B10] pertaining to real functions

22E50 Representations of Lie and linear algebraic 26-03 History of real functions [Consider also classifica-
groups over local fields [See also 20G05] tion numbers pertaining to Section 01]
26-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
22E55 Representations of Lie and linear algebraic ing to real functions
groups over global fields and adèle rings [See also
20G05] 26-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to real functions
22E57 Geometric Langlands program: representation-
theoretic aspects [See also 14D24] 26-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to real functions
22E60 Lie algebras of Lie groups {For the algebraic the-
26-11 Research data for problems pertaining to real
ory of Lie algebras, see 17Bxx}
functions
22E65 Infinite-dimensional Lie groups and their Lie al-
gebras: general properties [See also 17B65, 58B25, 26Axx Functions of one variable
58D05 58H05]
26A03 Foundations: limits and generalizations, elemen-
22E66 Analysis on and representations of infinite- tary topology of the line
dimensional Lie groups
26A06 One-variable calculus
22E67 Loop groups and related constructions, group- 26A09 Elementary functions
theoretic treatment [See also 58D05]
26A12 Rate of growth of functions, orders of infinity,
22E70 Applications of Lie groups to the sciences; ex- slowly varying functions [See also 26A48]
plicit representations [See also 81R05, 81R10]
26A15 Continuity and related questions (modulus of
22E99 None of the above, but in this section continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for
real functions in one variable {For properties de-
termined by Fourier coefficients, see 42A16; for
22Fxx Noncompact transformation groups those determined by approximation properties, see
22F05 General theory of group and pseudogroup actions 41A25, 41A27}
{For topological properties of spaces with an action, 26A16 Lipschitz (Hölder) classes
see 57S20}
26A18 Iteration of real functions in one variable [See
22F10 Measurable group actions [See also 22D40, also 37Bxx, 37Cxx, 37Exx, 39B12, 47H10, 54H25]
28Dxx, 37Axx]
26A21 Classification of real functions; Baire classifica-
22F30 Homogeneous spaces {For general actions on tion of sets and functions [See also 03E15, 28A05,
manifolds or preserving geometrical structures, see 54C50, 54H05]
57M60, 57Sxx; for discrete subgroups of Lie groups,
26A24 Differentiation (real functions of one variable):
see especially 22E40}
general theory, generalized derivatives, mean value
22F50 Groups as automorphisms of other structures theorems [See also 28A15]

22F99 None of the above, but in this section 26A27 Nondifferentiability (nondifferentiable functions,
points of nondifferentiability), discontinuous deriva-
tives
26-XX Real functions [See also 26A30 Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions
54C30] with other special properties
26A33 Fractional derivatives and integrals
26-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to real functions 26A36 Antidifferentiation

43

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26A39 Denjoy and Perron integrals, other special inte- 26Dxx Inequalities in real analysis {For
grals maximal function inequalities, see 42B25;
26A42 Integrals of Riemann, Stieltjes and Lebesgue type
for functional inequalities, see 39B72; for
[See also 28-XX] probabilistic inequalities, see 60E15}

26A45 Functions of bounded variation, generalizations 26D05 Inequalities for trigonometric functions and poly-
nomials
26A46 Absolutely continuous real functions in one vari-
able 26D07 Inequalities involving other types of functions

26A48 Monotonic functions, generalizations 26D10 Inequalities involving derivatives and differential
and integral operators
26A51 Convexity of real functions in one variable, gen-
eralizations 26D15 Inequalities for sums, series and integrals
26A99 None of the above, but in this section
26D20 Other analytical inequalities

26Bxx Functions of several variables 26D99 None of the above, but in this section
26B05 Continuity and differentiation questions

26B10 Implicit function theorems, Jacobians, transfor- 26Exx Miscellaneous topics in real func-
mations with several variables tions [See also 58Cxx]
26B12 Calculus of vector functions 26E05 Real-analytic functions [See also 32B05, 32C05]

26B15 Integration of real functions of several variables: 26E10 C ∞ -functions, quasi-analytic functions [See also
length, area, volume [See also 28A75, 51M25] 58C25]

26B20 Integral formulas of real functions of several vari- 26E15 Calculus of functions on infinite-dimensional
ables (Stokes, Gauss, Green, etc.) spaces [See also 46G05, 58Cxx]
26B25 Convexity of real functions of several variables,
26E20 Calculus of functions taking values in infinite-
generalizations
dimensional spaces [See also 46E40, 46G10, 58Cxx]
26B30 Absolutely continuous real functions of several
variables, functions of bounded variation 26E25 Set-valued functions [See also 28B20, 49J53,
54C60] {For nonsmooth analysis, see 49J52, 58Cxx,
26B35 Special properties of functions of several vari- 90Cxx}
ables, Hölder conditions, etc.
26E30 Non-Archimedean analysis [See also 12J25]
26B40 Representation and superposition of functions
26E35 Nonstandard analysis [See also 03H05, 28E05,
26B99 None of the above, but in this section
54J05]

26Cxx Polynomials, rational functions in 26E40 Constructive real analysis [See also 03F60]
real analysis
26E50 Fuzzy real analysis [See also 03E72, 28E10]
26C05 Real polynomials: analytic properties, etc. [See
also 12Dxx, 12Exx] 26E60 Means [See also 47A64]
26C10 Real polynomials: location of zeros [See also
26E70 Real analysis on time scales or measure chains
12D10, 30C15, 65H05]
{For dynamic equations on time scales or measure
26C15 Real rational functions [See also 14Pxx] chains, see 34N05}

26C99 None of the above, but in this section 26E99 None of the above, but in this section

44

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28-XX Measure and integration 28A75 Length, area, volume, other geometric measure
theory [See also 26B15, 49Q15]
{For analysis on manifolds, see 58-
XX} 28A78 Hausdorff and packing measures
28-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to measure and in- 28A80 Fractals [See also 37Fxx]
tegration
28A99 None of the above, but in this section
28-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to measure and integration
28-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 28Bxx Set functions, measures and inte-
pertaining to measure and integration grals with values in abstract spaces
28-03 History of measure and integration [Consider also
28B05 Vector-valued set functions, measures and inte-
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
grals [See also 46G10]
28-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to measure and integration 28B10 Group- or semigroup-valued set functions, mea-
28-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- sures and integrals
taining to measure and integration
28B15 Set functions, measures and integrals with values
28-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining in ordered spaces
to measure and integration
28-11 Research data for problems pertaining to measure 28B20 Set-valued set functions and measures; integra-
and integration tion of set-valued functions; measurable selections
[See also 26E25, 54C60, 54C65, 91B14]
28Axx Classical measure theory
28B99 None of the above, but in this section
28A05 Classes of sets (Borel fields, σ-rings, etc.), mea-
surable sets, Suslin sets, analytic sets [See also
03E15, 26A21, 54H05]
28Cxx Set functions and measures on
28A10 Real- or complex-valued set functions spaces with additional structure [See also
28A12 Contents, measures, outer measures, capacities 46G12, 58C35, 58D20]
28A15 Abstract differentiation theory, differentiation of 28C05 Integration theory via linear functionals (Radon
set functions [See also 26A24] measures, Daniell integrals, etc.), representing set
functions and measures
28A20 Measurable and nonmeasurable functions, se-
quences of measurable functions, modes of conver-
gence 28C10 Set functions and measures on topological groups
or semigroups, Haar measures, invariant measures
28A25 Integration with respect to measures and other [See also 22Axx, 43A05]
set functions
28A33 Spaces of measures, convergence of measures [See 28C15 Set functions and measures on topological spaces
also 46E27, 60Bxx] (regularity of measures, etc.)

28A35 Measures and integrals in product spaces

28C20 Set functions and measures and integrals in
28A50 Integration and disintegration of measures infinite-dimensional spaces (Wiener measure, Gaus-
sian measure, etc.) [See also 46G12, 58C35, 58D20,
28A51 Lifting theory [See also 46G15] 60B11]
28A60 Measures on Boolean rings, measure algebras
[See also 54H10] 28C99 None of the above, but in this section

45

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28Dxx Measure-theoretic ergodic theory 30-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
[See also 11K50, 11K55, 22D40, 37Axx, to functions of a complex variable [See also 65Exx]
47A35, 60Fxx, 60G10] 30-11 Research data for problems pertaining to func-
28D05 Measure-preserving transformations {For tions of a complex variable
measure-preserving transformations and dynami-
cal systems, see 37A05} 30Axx General properties of functions of
one complex variable
28D10 One-parameter continuous families of measure-
preserving transformations {For dynamical systems 30A05 Monogenic and polygenic functions of one com-
aspect, see 37A10} plex variable

28D15 General groups of measure-preserving trans- 30A10 Inequalities in the complex plane
formations {For dynamical systems aspects, see 30A99 None of the above, but in this section
37A15}

28D20 Entropy and other invariants 30Bxx Series expansions of functions of

one complex variable
28D99 None of the above, but in this section
30B10 Power series (including lacunary series) in one
complex variable
28Exx Miscellaneous topics in measure
theory 30B20 Random power series in one complex variable

28E05 Nonstandard measure theory [See also 03H05, 30B30 Boundary behavior of power series in one com-
26E35] plex variable; over-convergence
30B40 Analytic continuation of functions of one com-
28E10 Fuzzy measure theory [See also 03E72, 26E50,
plex variable
94D05]
30B50 Dirichlet series, exponential series and other se-
28E15 Other connections with logic and set theory ries in one complex variable [See also 11M41, 42-
28E99 None of the above, but in this section XX]
30B60 Completeness problems, closure of a system of
functions of one complex variable
30-XX Functions of a complex vari-
30B70 Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects
able [See also 11A55, 40A15]
30-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 30B99 None of the above, but in this section
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to functions of a
complex variable 30Cxx Geometric function theory
30-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 30C10 Polynomials and rational functions of one com-
pers, etc.) pertaining to functions of a complex plex variable
variable
30C15 Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and
30-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) other analytic functions of one complex variable
pertaining to functions of a complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet in-
tegral) {For algebraic theory, see 12D10; for real
30-03 History of functions of a complex variable [Con- methods, see 26C10}
sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
tion 01] 30C20 Conformal mappings of special domains

30-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 30C25 Covering theorems in conformal mapping theory
ing to functions of a complex variable 30C30 Schwarz-Christoffel-type mappings [See also
65E10]
30-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to functions of a complex variable 30C35 General theory of conformal mappings

46

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30C40 Kernel functions in one complex variable and ap- 30D60 Quasi-analytic and other classes of functions of
plications one complex variable

30C45 Special classes of univalent and multivalent func- 30D99 None of the above, but in this section
tions of one complex variable (starlike, convex,
bounded rotation, etc.)
30Exx Miscellaneous topics of analysis in
30C50 Coefficient problems for univalent and multiva- the complex plane
lent functions of one complex variable
30E05 Moment problems and interpolation problems in
30C55 General theory of univalent and multivalent func- the complex plane
tions of one complex variable

30C62 Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane 30E10 Approximation in the complex plane

30C65 Quasiconformal mappings in Rn , other general- 30E15 Asymptotic representations in the complex plane
izations
30E20 Integration, integrals of Cauchy type, integral
30C70 Extremal problems for conformal and quasicon- representations of analytic functions in the complex
formal mappings, variational methods plane [See also 45Exx]
30C75 Extremal problems for conformal and quasicon- 30E25 Boundary value problems in the complex plane
formal mappings, other methods [See also 45Exx]
30C80 Maximum principle, Schwarz’s lemma, Lindelöf
principle, analogues and generalizations; subordi- 30E99 None of the above, but in this section
nation

30C85 Capacity and harmonic measure in the complex 30Fxx Riemann surfaces
plane [See also 31A15] 30F10 Compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization
[See also 14H15, 32G15]
30C99 None of the above, but in this section
30F15 Harmonic functions on Riemann surfaces
30Dxx Entire and meromorphic functions
of one complex variable, and related topics 30F20 Classification theory of Riemann surfaces
30D05 Functional equations in the complex plane, iter- 30F25 Ideal boundary theory for Riemann surfaces
ation and composition of analytic functions of one
complex variable [See also 34Mxx, 37Fxx, 39-XX] 30F30 Differentials on Riemann surfaces
30D10 Representations of entire functions of one com-
30F35 Fuchsian groups and automorphic functions (as-
plex variable by series and integrals
pects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformiza-
30D15 Special classes of entire functions of one complex tion) [See also 11Fxx, 20H10, 22E40, 32Gxx,
variable and growth estimates 32Nxx]

30D20 Entire functions of one complex variable, general 30F40 Kleinian groups (aspects of compact Riemann
theory surfaces and uniformization) [See also 20H10]

30D30 Meromorphic functions of one complex variable, 30F45 Conformal metrics (hyperbolic, Poincaré, dis-
general theory tance functions)
30D35 Value distribution of meromorphic functions of
30F50 Klein surfaces
one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory

30D40 Cluster sets, prime ends, boundary behavior 30F60 Teichmüller theory for Riemann surfaces [See also
32G15]
30D45 Normal functions of one complex variable, nor-
mal families 30F99 None of the above, but in this section

47

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30Gxx Generalized function theory 30Kxx Universal holomorphic functions of
30G06 Non-Archimedean function theory [See also one complex variable
12J25]; nonstandard function theory [See also 30K05 Universal Taylor series in one complex variable
03H05]

30G12 Finely holomorphic functions and topological 30K10 Universal Dirichlet series in one complex variable
function theory
30K15 Universal functions of one complex variable
30G20 Generalizations of Bers and Vekua type (pseudo-
analytic, p-analytic, etc.) 30K20 Compositional universality
30G25 Discrete analytic functions
30K99 None of the above, but in this section
30G30 Other generalizations of analytic functions (in-
cluding abstract-valued functions)
30Lxx Analysis on metric spaces
30G35 Functions of hypercomplex variables and gener-
alized variables 30L05 Geometric embeddings of metric spaces

30G99 None of the above, but in this section 30L10 Quasiconformal mappings in metric spaces

30Hxx Spaces and algebras of analytic 30L15 Inequalities in metric spaces

functions of one complex variable
30L99 None of the above, but in this section
30H05 Spaces of bounded analytic functions of one com-
plex variable

30H10 Hardy spaces [See also 42B30, 46E30] 31-XX Potential theory {For prob-
30H15 Nevanlinna spaces and Smirnov spaces abilistic potential theory, see
30H20 Bergman spaces and Fock spaces [See also 46E30, 60J45}
46E35]
31-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
30H25 Besov spaces and Qp -spaces bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to potential theory
30H30 Bloch spaces
31-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
30H35 BMO-spaces pers, etc.) pertaining to potential theory

30H40 Zygmund spaces 31-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)

pertaining to potential theory
30H45 de Branges-Rovnyak spaces

30H50 Algebras of analytic functions of one complex 31-03 History of potential theory [Consider also classifi-
variable cation numbers pertaining to Section 01]

30H80 Corona theorems 31-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
30H99 None of the above, but in this section ing to potential theory

31-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-

30Jxx Function theory on the disc taining to potential theory
30J05 Inner functions of one complex variable
31-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
30J10 Blaschke products to potential theory [See also 65Exx]
30J15 Singular inner functions of one complex variable
31-11 Research data for problems pertaining to poten-
30J99 None of the above, but in this section tial theory

48

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31Axx Two-dimensional potential theory 31C12 Potential theory on Riemannian manifolds and
other spaces [See also 53C20] {For Hodge theory,
31A05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic func-
see 58A14}
tions in two dimensions
31C15 Potentials and capacities on other spaces
31A10 Integral representations, integral operators, inte-
gral equations methods in two dimensions 31C20 Discrete potential theory
31A15 Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, ex- 31C25 Dirichlet forms
tremal length and related notions in two dimensions
[See also 30C85] 31C35 Martin boundary theory [See also 60J50]

31A20 Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou type, 31C40 Fine potential theory; fine properties of sets and
etc.) of harmonic functions in two dimensions functions

31A25 Boundary value and inverse problems for har- 31C45 Other generalizations (nonlinear potential the-
monic functions in two dimensions ory, etc.)

31A30 Biharmonic, polyharmonic functions and equa- 31C99 None of the above, but in this section
tions, Poisson’s equation in two dimensions
31Dxx Axiomatic potential theory
31A35 Connections of harmonic functions with differen-
tial equations in two dimensions 31D05 Axiomatic potential theory

31A99 None of the above, but in this section 31D99 None of the above, but in this section

31Bxx Higher-dimensional potential the- 31Exx Potential theory on fractals and

ory metric spaces
31B05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic func- 31E05 Potential theory on fractals and metric spaces
tions in higher dimensions
31E99 None of the above, but in this section
31B10 Integral representations, integral operators, inte-
gral equations methods in higher dimensions
32-XX Several complex variables
31B15 Potentials and capacities, extremal length and re-
lated notions in higher dimensions
and analytic spaces {For infinite-
dimensional holomorphy, see also
31B20 Boundary value and inverse problems for har-
monic functions in higher dimensions 46G20, 58B12}
31B25 Boundary behavior of harmonic functions in 32-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
higher dimensions bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to several complex
variables and analytic spaces
31B30 Biharmonic and polyharmonic equations and
functions in higher dimensions 32-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to several complex variables
31B35 Connections of harmonic functions with differen- and analytic spaces
tial equations in higher dimensions
32-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
31B99 None of the above, but in this section pertaining to several complex variables and analytic
spaces
31Cxx Generalizations of potential theory
32-03 History of several complex variables and analytic
31C05 Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic func- spaces [Consider also classification numbers per-
tions on other spaces taining to Section 01]

31C10 Pluriharmonic and plurisubharmonic functions 32-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
[See also 32U05] ing to several complex variables and analytic spaces

49

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Published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA license.
32-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 32A35 H p -spaces, Nevanlinna spaces of functions in sev-
taining to several complex variables and analytic eral complex variables [See also 32M15, 42B30,
spaces 43A85, 46J15]

32-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining 32A36 Bergman spaces of functions in several complex
to several complex variables and analytic spaces variables
[See also 65Exx]
32A37 Other spaces of holomorphic functions of several
32-11 Research data for problems pertaining to several
complex variables (e.g., bounded mean oscillation
complex variables and analytic spaces
(BMOA), vanishing mean oscillation (VMOA)) [See
also 46Exx]
32Axx Holomorphic functions of several
complex variables 32A38 Algebras of holomorphic functions of several
complex variables [See also 46J10, 46J15]
32A05 Power series, series of functions of several com-
plex variables 32A40 Boundary behavior of holomorphic functions of
several complex variables
32A08 Polynomials and rational functions of several
complex variables
32A45 Hyperfunctions [See also 46F15]
32A10 Holomorphic functions of several complex vari-
ables 32A50 Harmonic analysis of several complex variables
[See mainly 43-XX]
32A12 Multifunctions of several complex variables
32A55 Singular integrals of functions in several complex
32A15 Entire functions of several complex variables variables
32A17 Special families of functions of several complex
32A60 Zero sets of holomorphic functions of several
variables
complex variables
32A18 Bloch functions, normal functions of several com-
plex variables 32A65 Banach algebra techniques applied to functions
of several complex variables [See also 46Jxx]
32A19 Normal families of holomorphic functions, map-
pings of several complex variables, and related top- 32A70 Functional analysis techniques applied to func-
ics (taut manifolds etc.) tions of several complex variables [See also 46Exx]

32A20 Meromorphic functions of several complex vari- 32A99 None of the above, but in this section
ables

32A22 Nevanlinna theory; growth estimates; other in- 32Bxx Local analytic geometry [See also
equalities of several complex variables {For geomet- 13-XX, 14-XX]
ric theory, see 32H25, 32H30}
32B05 Analytic algebras and generalizations, prepara-
32A25 Integral representations; canonical kernels tion theorems
(Szegő, Bergman, etc.)
32B10 Germs of analytic sets, local parametrization
32A26 Integral representations, constructed kernels
(e.g., Cauchy, Fantappiè-type kernels)
32B15 Analytic subsets of affine space
32A27 Residues for several complex variables [See also
32C30] 32B20 Semi-analytic sets, subanalytic sets, and general-
izations [See also 14P15]
32A30 Other generalizations of function theory of one
complex variable (should also be assigned at least 32B25 Triangulation and topological properties of semi-
one classification number from Section 30) {For analytic andsubanalytic sets, and related questions
functions of several hypercomplex variables, see
30G35} 32B99 None of the above, but in this section

50

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32Cxx Analytic spaces 32Exx Holomorphic convexity
32C05 Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic spaces [See 32E05 Holomorphically convex complex spaces, reduc-
also 14Pxx, 58A07] tion theory

32C07 Real-analytic sets, complex Nash functions [See 32E10 Stein spaces, Stein manifolds
also 14P15, 14P20] 32E20 Polynomial convexity, rational convexity, mero-
morphic convexity in several complex variables
32C09 Embedding of real-analytic manifolds
32E30 Holomorphic, polynomial and rational approxi-
32C11 Complex supergeometry [See also 14A22, 14M30, mation, and interpolation in several complex vari-
58A50] ables; Runge pairs
32C15 Complex spaces 32E35 Global boundary behavior of holomorphic func-
tions of several complex variables
32C18 Topology of analytic spaces
32E40 The Levi problem
32C20 Normal analytic spaces
32E99 None of the above, but in this section
32C22 Embedding of analytic spaces

32C25 Analytic subsets and submanifolds

32Fxx Geometric convexity in several
complex variables
32C30 Integration on analytic sets and spaces, currents
32F10 q-convexity, q-concavity
[See also 32A25, 32A27]
32F17 Other notions of convexity in relation to several
32C35 Analytic sheaves and cohomology groups [See complex variables
also 14Fxx, 18F20, 55N30]
32F18 Finite-type conditions for the boundary of a do-
32C36 Local cohomology of analytic spaces main
32C37 Duality theorems for analytic spaces 32F27 Topological consequences of geometric convexity

32C38 Sheaves of differential operators and their mod- 32F32 Analytical consequences of geometric convexity
ules, D-modules [See also 14F10, 16S32, 35A27, (vanishing theorems, etc.)
58J15] 32F45 Invariant metrics and pseudodistances in several
complex variables
32C55 The Levi problem in complex spaces; generaliza-
tions 32F99 None of the above, but in this section
32C81 Applications of analytic spaces to physics and
other areas of science 32Gxx Deformations of analytic structures
32G05 Deformations of complex structures [See also
32C99 None of the above, but in this section
13D10, 16S80, 58H10, 58H15]
32G07 Deformations of special (e.g., CR) structures
32Dxx Analytic continuation
32G08 Deformations of fiber bundles
32D05 Domains of holomorphy
32G10 Deformations of submanifolds and subspaces
32D10 Envelopes of holomorphy
32G13 Complex-analytic moduli problems {For alge-
32D15 Continuation of analytic objects in several com- braic moduli problems, see 14D20, 14D22, 14H10,
plex variables 14J10} [See also 14H15, 14J15]
32D20 Removable singularities in several complex vari- 32G15 Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Teichmüller theory
ables (complex-analytic aspects in several variables) [See
also 14H15, 30Fxx]
32D26 Riemann domains
32G20 Period matrices, variation of Hodge structure;
32D99 None of the above, but in this section degenerations [See also 14D05, 14D07, 14K30]

51

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32G34 Moduli and deformations for ordinary differential 32J81 Applications of compact analytic spaces to the
equations (e.g., Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation) sciences
[See also 34Mxx]
32J99 None of the above, but in this section
32G81 Applications of deformations of analytic struc-
tures to the sciences 32Kxx Generalizations of analytic spaces
32G99 None of the above, but in this section 32K05 Banach analytic manifolds and spaces [See also
46G20, 58Bxx]
32Hxx Holomorphic mappings and corre-
32K07 Formal and graded complex spaces [See also
spondences 58C50]
32H02 Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic) embed-
32K12 Holomorphic maps with infinite-dimensional ar-
dings and related questions in several complex vari-
guments or values [See also 46G20]
ables
32K15 Differentiable functions on analytic spaces, dif-
32H04 Meromorphic mappings in several complex vari-
ferentiable spaces [See also 58C25]
ables
32K99 None of the above, but in this section
32H12 Boundary uniqueness of mappings in several
complex variables
32Lxx Holomorphic fiber spaces [See also
32H25 Picard-type theorems and generalizations for 55Rxx]
several complex variables {For function-theoretic
properties, see 32A22} 32L05 Holomorphic bundles and generalizations

32H30 Value distribution theory in higher dimensions 32L10 Sheaves and cohomology of sections of holomor-
{For function-theoretic properties, see 32A22} phic vector bundles, general results [See also 14F06,
14H60, 14J60, 18F20, 55N30]
32H35 Proper holomorphic mappings, finiteness theo-
rems 32L15 Bundle convexity [See also 32F10]

32H40 Boundary regularity of mappings in several com- 32L20 Vanishing theorems

plex variables
32L25 Twistor theory, double fibrations (complex-
32H50 Iteration of holomorphic maps, fixed points of analytic aspects) [See also 53C28]
holomorphic maps and related problems for several
32L81 Applications of holomorphic fiber spaces to the
complex variables
sciences
32H99 None of the above, but in this section
32L99 None of the above, but in this section

32Jxx Compact analytic spaces {For Rie- 32Mxx Complex spaces with a group of au-
mann surfaces, see 14Hxx, 30Fxx; for al- tomorphisms
gebraic theory, see 14Jxx}
32M05 Complex Lie groups, group actions on complex
32J05 Compactification of analytic spaces spaces [See also 22E10]
32J10 Algebraic dependence theorems 32M10 Homogeneous complex manifolds [See also
32J15 Compact complex surfaces 14M17, 57T15]

32J17 Compact complex 3-folds 32M12 Almost homogeneous manifolds and spaces [See
also 14M17]
32J18 Compact complex n-folds
32M15 Hermitian symmetric spaces, bounded symmet-
32J25 Transcendental methods of algebraic geometry ric domains, Jordan algebras (complex-analytic as-
(complex-analytic aspects) [See also 14C30] pects) [See also 22E10, 22E40, 53C35, 57T15]
32J27 Compact Kähler manifolds: generalizations, clas- 32M17 Automorphism groups of Cn and affine mani-
sification folds

52

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32M18 Automorphism groups of other complex spaces 32Q56 Oka principle and Oka manifolds

32M25 Complex vector fields, holomorphic foliations, C- 32Q57 Classification theorems for complex manifolds
actions
32Q60 Almost complex manifolds
32M99 None of the above, but in this section
32Q65 Pseudoholomorphic curves
32Nxx Automorphic functions [See also
32Q99 None of the above, but in this section
11Fxx, 20H10, 22E40, 30F35]
32N05 General theory of automorphic functions of sev- 32Sxx Complex singularities [See also
eral complex variables
58Kxx]
32N10 Automorphic forms in several complex variables 32S05 Local complex singularities [See also 14J17]
32N15 Automorphic functions in symmetric domains
32S10 Invariants of analytic local rings
32N99 None of the above, but in this section
32S15 Equisingularity (topological and analytic) [See
also 14E15]
32Pxx Non-Archimedean analysis (should
also be assigned at least one other classifi- 32S20 Global theory of complex singularities; cohomo-
cation number from Section 32 describing logical properties [See also 14E15]
the type of problem) 32S22 Relations with arrangements of hyperplanes [See
32P05 Non-Archimedean analysis (should also be as- also 52C35]
signed at least one other classification number from
Section 32 describing the type of problem) 32S25 Complex surface and hypersurface singularities
[See also 14J17]
32P99 None of the above, but in this section
32S30 Deformations of complex singularities; vanishing
cycles [See also 14B07]
32Qxx Complex manifolds
32Q02 Special domains (Reinhardt, Hartogs, circular, 32S35 Mixed Hodge theory of singular varieties
tube, etc.) in Cn and complex manifolds (complex-analytic aspects) [See also 14C30, 14D07]

32Q05 Negative curvature complex manifolds 32S40 Monodromy; relations with differential equations
and D-modules (complex-analytic aspects)
32Q10 Positive curvature complex manifolds
32S45 Modifications; resolution of singularities
32Q15 Kähler manifolds (complex-analytic aspects) [See also 14E15]
32Q20 Kähler-Einstein manifolds [See also 53Cxx] 32S50 Topological aspects of complex singularities: Lef-
32Q25 Calabi-Yau theory (complex-analytic aspects) schetz theorems, topological classification, invari-
[See also 14J32] ants

32Q26 Notions of stability for complex manifolds 32S55 Milnor fibration; relations with knot theory [See
also 57K10, 57K45]
32Q28 Stein manifolds
32S60 Stratifications; constructible sheaves; intersection
32Q30 Uniformization of complex manifolds cohomology (complex-analytic aspects) [See also
32Q35 Complex manifolds as subdomains of Euclidean 58Kxx]
space
32S65 Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and fo-
32Q40 Embedding theorems for complex manifolds liations

32Q45 Hyperbolic and Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds 32S70 Other operations on complex singularities

32Q55 Topological aspects of complex manifolds 32S99 None of the above, but in this section

53

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32Txx Pseudoconvex domains 32Wxx Differential operators in several
32T05 Domains of holomorphy variables
32W05 ∂ and ∂-Neumann operators
32T15 Strongly pseudoconvex domains
32W10 ∂ b and ∂ b -Neumann operators
32T20 Worm domains
32W20 Complex Monge-Ampère operators
32T25 Finite-type domains

32T27 Geometric and analytic invariants on weakly 32W25 Pseudodifferential operators in several complex
pseudoconvex boundaries variables

32T35 Exhaustion functions 32W30 Heat kernels in several complex variables

32T40 Peak functions 32W50 Other partial differential equations of complex

analysis in several variables
32T99 None of the above, but in this section
32W99 None of the above, but in this section

32Uxx Pluripotential theory

32U05 Plurisubharmonic functions and generalizations 33-XX Special functions (33-XX
[See also 31C10] deals with the properties of func-
32U10 Plurisubharmonic exhaustion functions tions as functions) {For orthogonal
32U15 General pluripotential theory functions, see 42Cxx; for aspects
32U20 Capacity theory and generalizations
of combinatorics, see 05Axx; for
number-theoretic aspects, see 11-
32U25 Lelong numbers
XX; for representation theory, see
32U30 Removable sets in pluripotential theory
22Exx}
32U35 Plurisubharmonic extremal functions, pluricom-
plex Green functions 33-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to special functions
32U40 Currents
33-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
32U99 None of the above, but in this section pers, etc.) pertaining to special functions

33-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)

32Vxx CR manifolds pertaining to special functions
32V05 CR structures, CR operators, and generaliza-
tions 33-03 History of special functions [Consider also classi-
fication numbers pertaining to Section 01]
32V10 CR functions
33-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
32V15 CR manifolds as boundaries of domains ing to special functions

32V20 Analysis on CR manifolds 33-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-

taining to special functions
32V25 Extension of functions and other analytic objects
from CR manifolds 33-11 Research data for problems pertaining to special
functions
32V30 Embeddings of CR manifolds

32V35 Finite-type conditions on CR manifolds 33Bxx Elementary classical functions

32V40 Real submanifolds in complex manifolds 33B10 Exponential and trigonometric functions

32V99 None of the above, but in this section 33B15 Gamma, beta and polygamma functions

54

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33B20 Incomplete beta and gamma functions (error 33Dxx Basic hypergeometric functions
functions, probability integral, Fresnel integrals)
33D05 q-gamma functions, q-beta functions and inte-
33B30 Higher logarithm functions grals

33D15 Basic hypergeometric functions in one variable,

33B99 None of the above, but in this section
r φs

33D45 Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions

33Cxx Hypergeometric functions (Askey-Wilson polynomials, etc.)
33C05 Classical hypergeometric functions, 2 F1
33D50 Orthogonal polynomials and functions in several
variables expressible in terms of basic hypergeomet-
33C10 Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, 0 F1
ric functions in one variable
33C15 Confluent hypergeometric functions, Whittaker 33D52 Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions asso-
functions, 1 F1 ciated with root systems (Macdonald polynomials,
etc.)
33C20 Generalized hypergeometric series, p Fq
33D60 Basic hypergeometric integrals and functions de-
33C45 Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hyper- fined by them
geometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey
scheme, etc.) {For general orthogonal polynomials 33D65 Bibasic functions and multiple bases
and functions, see also 42C05}
33D67 Basic hypergeometric functions associated with
33C47 Other special orthogonal polynomials and func- root systems
tions 33D70 Other basic hypergeometric functions and inte-
grals in several variables
33C50 Orthogonal polynomials and functions in several
variables expressible in terms of special functions in 33D80 Connections of basic hypergeometric functions
one variable with quantum groups, Chevalley groups, p-adic
groups, Hecke algebras, and related topics
33C52 Orthogonal polynomials and functions associated
with root systems 33D90 Applications of basic hypergeometric functions

33C55 Spherical harmonics 33D99 None of the above, but in this section

33C60 Hypergeometric integrals and functions defined 33Exx Other special functions
by them (E, G, H and I functions)
33E05 Elliptic functions and integrals
33C65 Appell, Horn and Lauricella functions
33E10 Lamé, Mathieu, and spheroidal wave functions
33C67 Hypergeometric functions associated with root 33E12 Mittag-Leffler functions and generalizations
systems
33E15 Other wave functions
33C70 Other hypergeometric functions and integrals in
several variables 33E17 Painlevé-type functions

33C75 Elliptic integrals as hypergeometric functions 33E20 Other functions defined by series and integrals

33E30 Other functions coming from differential, differ-

33C80 Connections of hypergeometric functions with
ence and integral equations
groups and algebras, and related topics
33E50 Special functions in characteristic p (gamma
33C90 Applications of hypergeometric functions functions, etc.)

33C99 None of the above, but in this section 33E99 None of the above, but in this section

55

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33Fxx Computational aspects of special 34A12 Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness,
functions {For software etc., see 33-04} continuous dependence and continuation of solu-
tions to ordinary differential equations
33F05 Numerical approximation and evaluation of spe-
cial functions [See also 65D20] 34A25 Analytical theory of ordinary differential equa-
tions: series, transformations, transforms, opera-
33F10 Symbolic computation of special functions tional calculus, etc. [See also 44-XX]
(Gosper and Zeilberger algorithms, etc.) [See also
68W30] 34A26 Geometric methods in ordinary differential equa-
tions
33F99 None of the above, but in this section
34A30 Linear ordinary differential equations and sys-
tems, general
34-XX Ordinary differential equa- 34A33 Ordinary lattice differential equations
tions 34A34 Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and
systems, general theory
34-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to ordinary differ- 34A35 Ordinary differential equations of infinite order
ential equations
34A36 Discontinuous ordinary differential equations
34-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to ordinary differential equa- 34A37 Ordinary differential equations with impulses
tions 34A38 Hybrid systems of ordinary differential equations
34-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 34A40 Differential inequalities involving functions of a
pertaining to ordinary differential equations single real variable [See also 26D20]
34-03 History of ordinary differential equations [Con- 34A45 Theoretical approximation of solutions to ordi-
sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec- nary differential equations {For numerical analysis,
tion 01] see 65Lxx}

34-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 34A55 Inverse problems involving ordinary differential
ing to ordinary differential equations equations

34-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 34A60 Ordinary differential inclusions [See also 49J21,
taining to ordinary differential equations 49K21]

34-11 Research data for problems pertaining to ordinary 34A99 None of the above, but in this section
differential equations
34Bxx Boundary value problems for ordi-
34Axx General theory for ordinary differ- nary differential equations {For ordinary
ential equations differential operators, see 34Lxx}
34B05 Linear boundary value problems for ordinary dif-
34A05 Explicit solutions, first integrals of ordinary dif-
ferential equations
ferential equations
34B07 Linear boundary value problems for ordinary dif-
34A06 Generalized ordinary differential equations
ferential equations with nonlinear dependence on
(measure-differential equations, set-valued differ-
the spectral parameter
ential equations, etc.)
34B08 Parameter dependent boundary value problems
34A07 Fuzzy ordinary differential equations for ordinary differential equations
34A08 Fractional ordinary differential equations and 34B09 Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary dif-
fractional differential inclusions ferential equations
34A09 Implicit ordinary differential equations, 34B10 Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value prob-
differential-algebraic equations lems for ordinary differential equations

56

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34B15 Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary 34C15 Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for
differential equations ordinary differential equations
34B16 Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for
ordinary differential equations 34C20 Transformation and reduction of ordinary differ-
ential equations and systems, normal forms
34B18 Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value
problems for ordinary differential equations
34C23 Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equa-
34B20 Weyl theory and its generalizations for ordinary tions [See also 37Gxx]
differential equations
34B24 Sturm-Liouville theory [See also 34Lxx] 34C25 Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equa-
tions
34B27 Green’s functions for ordinary differential equa-
tions
34C26 Relaxation oscillations for ordinary differential
34B30 Special ordinary differential equations (Mathieu,
equations
Hill, Bessel, etc.)
34B37 Boundary value problems with impulses for ordi-
34C27 Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to
nary differential equations
ordinary differential equations
34B40 Boundary value problems on infinite intervals for
ordinary differential equations 34C28 Complex behavior and chaotic systems of ordi-
34B45 Boundary value problems on graphs and net- nary differential equations [See also 37Dxx]
works for ordinary differential equations
34B60 Applications of boundary value problems involv- 34C29 Averaging method for ordinary differential equa-
ing ordinary differential equations tions

34B99 None of the above, but in this section

34C37 Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary
differential equations
34Cxx Qualitative theory for ordinary dif-
ferential equations [See also 37-XX]
34C40 Ordinary differential equations and systems on
34C05 Topological structure of integral curves, singular manifolds
points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations
34C07 Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and ana- 34C41 Equivalence and asymptotic equivalence of ordi-
lytic vector fields (existence, uniqueness, bounds, nary differential equations
Hilbert’s 16th problem and ramifications) for ordi-
nary differential equations
34C45 Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential
34C08 Ordinary differential equations and connections equations
with real algebraic geometry (fewnomials, desingu-
larization, zeros of abelian integrals, etc.)
34C46 Multifrequency systems of ordinary differential
34C10 Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and com- equations
parison theory for ordinary differential equations
34C11 Growth and boundedness of solutions to ordinary 34C55 Hysteresis for ordinary differential equations
differential equations
34C12 Monotone systems involving ordinary differential 34C60 Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordi-
equations nary differential equation models
34C14 Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential
equations [See also 37C79] 34C99 None of the above, but in this section

57

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34Dxx Stability theory for ordinary differ- 34Fxx Ordinary differential equations and
ential equations [See also 37C75, 93Dxx] systems with randomness [See also 34K50,
34D05 Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary 60H10, 93E03]
differential equations
34F05 Ordinary differential equations and systems with
34D06 Synchronization of solutions to ordinary differen- randomness [See also 34K50, 60H10, 93E03]
tial equations
34D08 Characteristic and Lyapunov exponents of ordi- 34F10 Bifurcation of solutions to ordinary differential
nary differential equations equations involving randomness
34D09 Dichotomy, trichotomy of solutions to ordinary
differential equations 34F15 Resonance phenomena for ordinary differential
equations involving randomness
34D10 Perturbations of ordinary differential equations
34D15 Singular perturbations of ordinary differential 34F99 None of the above, but in this section
equations
34D20 Stability of solutions to ordinary differential
equations 34Gxx Differential equations in abstract
34D23 Global stability of solutions to ordinary differen- spaces [See also 34Lxx, 37Kxx, 47Dxx,
tial equations 47Hxx, 47Jxx, 58D25]
34D30 Structural stability and analogous concepts of so- 34G10 Linear differential equations in abstract spaces
lutions to ordinary differential equations [See also [See also 47D06, 47D09]
37C20]
34D35 Stability of manifolds of solutions to ordinary dif- 34G20 Nonlinear differential equations in abstract
ferential equations spaces [See also 47Hxx, 47Jxx]
34D45 Attractors of solutions to ordinary differential
equations [See also 37C70, 37D45] 34G25 Evolution inclusions
34D99 None of the above, but in this section
34G99 None of the above, but in this section
34Exx Asymptotic theory for ordinary dif-
ferential equations
34E05 Asymptotic expansions of solutions to ordinary 34Hxx Control problems including ordi-
differential equations nary differential equations [See also 49J15,
49K15, 93C15]
34E10 Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordi-
nary differential equations 34H05 Control problems involving ordinary differential
34E13 Multiple scale methods for ordinary differential equations [See also 49J15, 49K15, 93C15]
equations
34E15 Singular perturbations, general theory for ordi- 34H10 Chaos control for problems involving ordinary
nary differential equations differential equations

34E17 Canard solutions to ordinary differential equa-

tions 34H15 Stabilization of solutions to ordinary differential
equations
34E18 Methods of nonstandard analysis for ordinary dif-
ferential equations
34H20 Bifurcation control of ordinary differential equa-
34E20 Singular perturbations, turning point theory, tions
WKB methods for ordinary differential equations
34E99 None of the above, but in this section 34H99 None of the above, but in this section

58

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34Kxx Functional-differential equations 34K26 Singular perturbations of functional-differential
(including equations with delayed, ad- equations
vanced or state-dependent argument)
34K27 Perturbations of functional-differential equations
34K04 Symmetries, invariants of functional-differential
equations [See also 37C79] 34K29 Inverse problems for functional-differential equa-
34K05 General theory of functional-differential equa- tions
tions
34K30 Functional-differential equations in abstract
34K06 Linear functional-differential equations spaces [See also 34Gxx, 35R09, 35R10, 47Jxx]
34K07 Theoretical approximation of solutions to
functional-differential equations 34K31 Lattice functional-differential equations

34K08 Spectral theory of functional-differential opera- 34K32 Implicit functional-differential equations

tors
34K33 Averaging for functional-differential equations
34K09 Functional-differential inclusions
34K10 Boundary value problems for functional- 34K34 Hybrid systems of functional-differential equa-
differential equations tions
34K11 Oscillation theory of functional-differential equa-
34K35 Control problems for functional-differential equa-
tions
tions [See also 49J21, 49K21, 93C23]
34K12 Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions to
functional-differential equations [See also 37C35] 34K36 Fuzzy functional-differential equations

34K13 Periodic solutions to functional-differential equa- 34K37 Functional-differential equations with fractional
tions [See also 37C27] derivatives
34K14 Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to
functional-differential equations 34K38 Functional-differential inequalities

34K16 Heteroclinic and homoclinic orbits of functional- 34K39 Discontinuous functional-differential equations
differential equations [See also 37C29]
34K17 Transformation and reduction of functional- 34K40 Neutral functional-differential equations
differential equations and systems, normal forms
34K41 Functional-differential equations in the complex
34K18 Bifurcation theory of functional-differential domain
equations [See also 37Gxx]
34K19 Invariant manifolds of functional-differential 34K42 Functional-differential equations on time scales
equations or measure chains

34K20 Stability theory of functional-differential equa- 34K43 Functional-differential equations with state-
tions [See also 37C75] dependent arguments
34K21 Stationary solutions of functional-differential
equations 34K45 Functional-differential equations with impulses

34K23 Complex (chaotic) behavior of solutions to 34K50 Stochastic functional-differential equations [See
functional-differential equations [See also 37D45] also 34Fxx, 60Hxx]
34K24 Synchronization of functional-differential equa-
34K60 Qualitative investigation and simulation of mod-
tions
els involving functional-differential equations
34K25 Asymptotic theory of functional-differential
equations 34K99 None of the above, but in this section

59

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34Lxx Ordinary differential operators [See 34M35 Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of
also 47E05] solutions to ordinary differential equations in the
complex domain, normal forms
34L05 General spectral theory of ordinary differential
operators 34M40 Stokes phenomena and connection problems (lin-
ear and nonlinear) for ordinary differential equa-
34L10 Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, com- tions in the complex domain
pleteness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential
operators 34M45 Ordinary differential equations on complex man-
ifolds
34L15 Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and
34M46 Spectral theory for ordinary differential opera-
lower bounds of ordinary differential operators
tors in the complex domain
34L16 Numerical approximation of eigenvalues and of
34M50 Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, inverse dif-
other parts of the spectrum of ordinary differential
ferential Galois, etc.) for ordinary differential equa-
operators
tions in the complex domain
34L20 Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymp- 34M55 Painlevé and other special ordinary differential
totic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differen- equations in the complex domain; classification, hi-
tial operators erarchies
34L25 Scattering theory, inverse scattering involving or- 34M56 Isomonodromic deformations for ordinary differ-
dinary differential operators ential equations in the complex domain
34L30 Nonlinear ordinary differential operators 34M60 Singular perturbation problems for ordinary dif-
ferential equations in the complex domain (complex
34L40 Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, WKB, turning points, steepest descent) [See also
one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) 34E20]
34L99 None of the above, but in this section 34M65 Topological structure of trajectories of ordinary
differential equations in the complex domain
34Mxx Ordinary differential equations in 34M99 None of the above, but in this section
the complex domain [See also 30Dxx,
32G34] 34Nxx Dynamic equations on time scales
34M03 Linear ordinary differential equations and sys- or measure chains {For real analysis on
tems in the complex domain time scales, see 26E70}
34M04 Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and 34N05 Dynamic equations on time scales or measure
systems in the complex domain chains {For real analysis on time scales or measure
chains, see 26E70}
34M05 Entire and meromorphic solutions to ordinary
differential equations in the complex domain 34N99 None of the above, but in this section

34M10 Oscillation, growth of solutions to ordinary dif-

ferential equations in the complex domain 35-XX Partial differential equa-
34M15 Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hyper-
tions
transcendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differ- 35-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
ential bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to partial differen-
equations in the complex domain tial equations
34M25 Formal solutions and transform techniques for 35-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
ordinary differential equations in the complex do- pers, etc.) pertaining to partial differential equa-
main tions
34M30 Asymptotics and summation methods for ordi- 35-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
nary differential equations in the complex domain pertaining to partial differential equations

60

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35-03 History of partial differential equations [Consider 35Bxx Qualitative properties of solutions
also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01] to partial differential equations
35-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 35B05 Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theo-
ing to partial differential equations rems, etc. in context of PDEs
35-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 35B06 Symmetries, invariants, etc. in context of PDEs
taining to partial differential equations
35B07 Axially symmetric solutions to PDEs
35-11 Research data for problems pertaining to partial
differential equations 35B08 Entire solutions to PDEs
35B09 Positive solutions to PDEs
35Axx General topics in partial differential
35B10 Periodic solutions to PDEs
equations
35B15 Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to
35A01 Existence problems for PDEs: global existence,
PDEs
local existence, non-existence
35B20 Perturbations in context of PDEs
35A02 Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global unique-
ness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness 35B25 Singular perturbations in context of PDEs
35A08 Fundamental solutions to PDEs 35B27 Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in
media with periodic structure [See also 74Q05,
35A09 Classical solutions to PDEs
74Q10, 76M50, 78M40, 80M40]
35A10 Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorems
35B30 Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial
35A15 Variational methods applied to PDEs and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of
PDEs [See also 37Cxx]
35A16 Topological and monotonicity methods applied
to PDEs 35B32 Bifurcations in context of PDEs [See also 34C23,
34F10, 34H20, 37F46, 37Gxx, 37H20, 35J20, 37L10,
35A17 Parametrices in context of PDEs 37M20, 47J15, 58E05, 58E07, 58J55, 74G60, 74H60]
35A18 Wave front sets in context of PDEs 35B33 Critical exponents in context of PDEs
35A20 Analyticity in context of PDEs 35B34 Resonance in context of PDEs [See also 34F15,
70J40, 70K28, 70K30, 81U24]
35A21 Singularity in context of PDEs
35B35 Stability in context of PDEs [See also 34Dxx,
35A22 Transform methods (e.g., integral transforms)
37B25, 37C20, 37C75, 37F15, 37J25, 37K45, 37L15,
applied to PDEs
49K40, 58K25, 93Dxx]
35A23 Inequalities applied to PDEs involving deriva-
35B36 Pattern formations in context of PDEs [See also
tives, differential and integral operators, or integrals
92C15]
35A24 Methods of ordinary differential equations ap-
35B38 Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs
plied to PDEs
(e.g., energy functionals) [See also 57R70, 58K05,
35A25 Other special methods applied to PDEs 58E05]

35A27 Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory 35B40 Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs
and homological algebra applied to PDEs [See also
35B41 Attractors [See also 34D45, 37B35, 37C70,
32C38, 58J15]
37D45, 37G35, 37L30, 37M22]
35A30 Geometric theory, characteristics, transforma- 35B42 Inertial manifolds [See also 37L25]
tions in context of PDEs [See also 58J70, 58J72]
35B44 Blow-up in context of PDEs
35A35 Theoretical approximation in context of PDEs
{For numerical analysis, see 65Mxx, 65Nxx} 35B45 A priori estimates in context of PDEs
35A99 None of the above, but in this section 35B50 Maximum principles in context of PDEs

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35B51 Comparison principles in context of PDEs 35Fxx General first-order partial differen-
35B53 Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theo- tial equations and systems of first-order
rems in context of PDEs partial differential equations
35B60 Continuation and prolongation of solutions to 35F05 Linear first-order PDEs
PDEs [See also 58A15, 58A17, 58Hxx]
35F10 Initial value problems for linear first-order PDEs
35B65 Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs
35B99 None of the above, but in this section 35F15 Boundary value problems for linear first-order
PDEs
35Cxx Representations of solutions to par-
tial differential equations 35F16 Initial-boundary value problems for linear first-
order PDEs
35C05 Solutions to PDEs in closed form
35C06 Self-similar solutions to PDEs 35F20 Nonlinear first-order PDEs

35C07 Traveling wave solutions 35F21 Hamilton-Jacobi equations {For calculus of varia-
35C08 Soliton solutions [See also 37K40] tions and optimal control, see 49Lxx; for mechanics
of particles and systems, see 70H20}
35C09 Trigonometric solutions to PDEs
35C10 Series solutions to PDEs 35F25 Initial value problems for nonlinear first-order
PDEs
35C11 Polynomial solutions to PDEs
35C15 Integral representations of solutions to PDEs 35F30 Boundary value problems for nonlinear first-order
PDEs
35C20 Asymptotic expansions of solutions to PDEs
35C99 None of the above, but in this section 35F31 Initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear
first-order PDEs
35Dxx Generalized solutions to partial dif-
35F35 Systems of linear first-order PDEs
ferential equations
35D30 Weak solutions to PDEs 35F40 Initial value problems for systems of linear first-
35D35 Strong solutions to PDEs order PDEs

35D40 Viscosity solutions to PDEs 35F45 Boundary value problems for systems of linear
35D99 None of the above, but in this section first-order PDEs

35F46 Initial-boundary value problems for systems of

35Exx Partial differential equations and linear first-order PDEs
systems of partial differential equations
with constant coefficients [See also 35N05] 35F50 Systems of nonlinear first-order PDEs
35E05 Fundamental solutions to PDEs and systems of
PDEs with constant coefficients 35F55 Initial value problems for systems of nonlinear
first-order PDEs
35E10 Convexity properties of solutions to PDEs and
systems of PDEs with constant coefficients 35F60 Boundary value problems for systems of nonlin-
35E15 Initial value problems for PDEs and systems of ear first-order PDEs
PDEs with constant coefficients
35F61 Initial-boundary value problems for systems of
35E20 General theory of PDEs and systems of PDEs
nonlinear first-order PDEs
with constant coefficients
35E99 None of the above, but in this section 35F99 None of the above, but in this section

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35Gxx General higher-order partial dif- 35Jxx Elliptic equations and elliptic sys-
ferential equations and systems of higher- tems {For global analysis, analysis on man-
order partial differential equations ifolds, see 58J10, 58J20}
35G05 Linear higher-order PDEs 35J05 Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced
wave equation), Poisson equation [See also 31Axx,
35G10 Initial value problems for linear higher-order 31Bxx]
PDEs
35J08 Green’s functions for elliptic equations
35G15 Boundary value problems for linear higher-order
35J10 Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation {For
PDEs
ordinary differential equations, see 34L40; for op-
35G16 Initial-boundary value problems for linear erator theory, see 47D08; for quantum theory, see
higher-order PDEs 81Q05; for statistical mechanics, see 82B44}
35J15 Second-order elliptic equations
35G20 Nonlinear higher-order PDEs
35J20 Variational methods for second-order elliptic
35G25 Initial value problems for nonlinear higher-order equations
PDEs
35J25 Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic
35G30 Boundary value problems for nonlinear higher- equations
order PDEs
35J30 Higher-order elliptic equations [See also 31A30,
35G31 Initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear 31B30]
higher-order PDEs 35J35 Variational methods for higher-order elliptic
equations
35G35 Systems of linear higher-order PDEs
35J40 Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic
35G40 Initial value problems for systems of linear equations
higher-order PDEs
35J46 First-order elliptic systems
35G45 Boundary value problems for systems of linear
higher-order PDEs 35J47 Second-order elliptic systems
35J48 Higher-order elliptic systems
35G46 Initial-boundary value problems for systems of
linear higher-order PDEs 35J50 Variational methods for elliptic systems

35G50 Systems of nonlinear higher-order PDEs 35J56 Boundary value problems for first-order elliptic
systems
35G55 Initial value problems for systems of nonlinear 35J57 Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic
higher-order PDEs systems
35G60 Boundary value problems for systems of nonlin- 35J58 Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic
ear higher-order PDEs systems
35G61 Initial-boundary value problems for systems of 35J60 Nonlinear elliptic equations
nonlinear higher-order PDEs
35J61 Semilinear elliptic equations
35G99 None of the above, but in this section 35J62 Quasilinear elliptic equations
35J65 Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear el-
35Hxx Close-to-elliptic equations liptic equations
35H10 Hypoelliptic equations 35J66 Nonlinear boundary value problems for nonlinear
elliptic equations
35H20 Subelliptic equations
35J67 Boundary values of solutions to elliptic equations
35H30 Quasielliptic equations and elliptic systems
35H99 None of the above, but in this section 35J70 Degenerate elliptic equations

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35J75 Singular elliptic equations 35K46 Initial value problems for higher-order parabolic
systems
35J86 Unilateral problems for linear elliptic equations
and variational inequalities with linear elliptic op- 35K51 Initial-boundary value problems for second-order
erators [See also 35R35, 49J40] parabolic systems
35J87 Unilateral problems for nonlinear elliptic equa- 35K52 Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order
tions and variational inequalities with nonlinear el- parabolic systems
liptic operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35K55 Nonlinear parabolic equations
35J88 Unilateral problems for elliptic systems and sys-
tems of variational inequalities with elliptic opera- 35K57 Reaction-diffusion equations {For diffusion pro-
tors [See also 35R35, 49J40] cesses and reaction effects, see 47D07, 58J65,
60J60, 60J70, 74N25, 76R50, 76V05, 80A23, 82B24,
35J91 Semilinear elliptic equations with Laplacian, bi-
82C24, 92E20}
Laplacian or poly-Laplacian

35J92 Quasilinear elliptic equations with p-Laplacian 35K58 Semilinear parabolic equations

35J93 Quasilinear elliptic equations with mean curva- 35K59 Quasilinear parabolic equations
ture operator
35K60 Nonlinear initial, boundary and initial-boundary
35J94 Elliptic equations with infinity-Laplacian value problems for linear parabolic equations

35J96 Monge-Ampère equations {For complex Monge- 35K61 Nonlinear initial, boundary and initial-boundary
Ampère operators, see 32W20; for parabolic Monge- value problems for nonlinear parabolic equations
Ampère equations, see 35K96}
35K65 Degenerate parabolic equations
35J99 None of the above, but in this section
35K67 Singular parabolic equations
35Kxx Parabolic equations and parabolic 35K70 Ultraparabolic equations, pseudoparabolic equa-
systems {For global analysis, analysis on tions, etc.
manifolds, see 58J35}
35K85 Unilateral problems for linear parabolic equa-
35K05 Heat equation tions and variational inequalities with linear
35K08 Heat kernel parabolic operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]

35K10 Second-order parabolic equations 35K86 Unilateral problems for nonlinear parabolic equa-
tions and variational inequalities with nonlinear
35K15 Initial value problems for second-order parabolic parabolic operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
equations
35K87 Unilateral problems for parabolic systems and
35K20 Initial-boundary value problems for second-order systems of variational inequalities with parabolic
parabolic equations operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35K25 Higher-order parabolic equations 35K90 Abstract parabolic equations
35K30 Initial value problems for higher-order parabolic
35K91 Semilinear parabolic equations with Laplacian,
equations
bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian
35K35 Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order
parabolic equations 35K92 Quasilinear parabolic equations with p-Laplacian

35K40 Second-order parabolic systems 35K93 Quasilinear parabolic equations with mean cur-
vature operator
35K41 Higher-order parabolic systems
35K96 Parabolic Monge-Ampère equations
35K45 Initial value problems for second-order parabolic
systems 35K99 None of the above, but in this section

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35Lxx Hyperbolic equations and hyper- 35L71 Second-order semilinear hyperbolic equations
bolic systems {For global analysis, see 35L72 Second-order quasilinear hyperbolic equations
58J45}
35L75 Higher-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations
35L02 First-order hyperbolic equations
35L76 Higher-order semilinear hyperbolic equations
35L03 Initial value problems for first-order hyperbolic
equations 35L77 Higher-order quasilinear hyperbolic equations
35L04 Initial-boundary value problems for first-order 35L80 Degenerate hyperbolic equations
hyperbolic equations
35L81 Singular hyperbolic equations
35L05 Wave equation
35L82 Pseudohyperbolic equations
35L10 Second-order hyperbolic equations
35L85 Unilateral problems for linear hyperbolic equa-
35L15 Initial value problems for second-order hyperbolic tions and variational inequalities with linear hyper-
equations bolic operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35L20 Initial-boundary value problems for second-order 35L86 Unilateral problems for nonlinear hyperbolic
hyperbolic equations equations and variational inequalities with nonlin-
ear hyperbolic operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35L25 Higher-order hyperbolic equations
35L87 Unilateral problems for hyperbolic systems and
35L30 Initial value problems for higher-order hyperbolic
systems of variational inequalities with hyperbolic
equations
operators [See also 35R35, 49J40]
35L35 Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order
35L90 Abstract hyperbolic equations
hyperbolic equations
35L99 None of the above, but in this section
35L40 First-order hyperbolic systems
35L45 Initial value problems for first-order hyperbolic 35Mxx Partial differential equations of
systems mixed type and mixed-type systems of
35L50 Initial-boundary value problems for first-order partial differential equations
hyperbolic systems 35M10 PDEs of mixed type
35L51 Second-order hyperbolic systems 35M11 Initial value problems for PDEs of mixed type
35L52 Initial value problems for second-order hyperbolic 35M12 Boundary value problems for PDEs of mixed
systems type
35L53 Initial-boundary value problems for second-order 35M13 Initial-boundary value problems for PDEs of
hyperbolic systems mixed type
35L55 Higher-order hyperbolic systems 35M30 Mixed-type systems of PDEs
35L56 Initial value problems for higher-order hyperbolic 35M31 Initial value problems for mixed-type systems of
systems PDEs
35L57 Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order 35M32 Boundary value problems for mixed-type sys-
hyperbolic systems tems of PDEs
35L60 First-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations 35M33 Initial-boundary value problems for mixed-type
35L65 Hyperbolic conservation laws systems of PDEs

35L67 Shocks and singularities for hyperbolic equations 35M85 Unilateral problems for linear PDEs of mixed
[See also 58Kxx, 74J40, 76L05] type and variational inequalities with partial dif-
ferential operators of mixed type [See also 35R35,
35L70 Second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations 49J40]

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35M86 Unilateral problems for nonlinear PDEs of mixed 35Qxx Partial differential equations of
type and variational inequalities with nonlinear par- mathematical physics and other areas of
tial differential operators of mixed type [See also application [See also 35J05, 35J10, 35K05,
35R35, 49J40]
35L05]
35M87 Unilateral problems for mixed-type systems of 35Q05 Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations
PDEs and systems of variational inequalities with
partial differential operators of mixed type [See also 35Q07 Fuchsian PDEs
35R35, 49J40]
35Q15 Riemann-Hilbert problems in context of PDEs
35M99 None of the above, but in this section [See also 30E25, 31A25, 31B20]
35Q20 Boltzmann equations {For fluid mechanics, see
35Nxx Overdetermined problems for par- 76P05; for statistical mechanics, see 82B40, 82C40,
tial differential equations and systems of 82D05}
partial differential equations {For global 35Q30 Navier-Stokes equations {For fluid mechanics,
analysis, see 58Hxx, 58J10, 58J15} see 76D05, 76D07, 76N10}
35N05 Overdetermined systems of PDEs with constant 35Q31 Euler equations {For fluid mechanics, see 76D05,
coefficients 76D07, 76N10}
35N10 Overdetermined systems of PDEs with variable 35Q35 PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics
coefficients
35Q40 PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics
35N15 ∂-Neumann problems and formal complexes in
context of PDEs [See also 32W05, 32W10, 58J10] 35Q41 Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and
Dirac equations {For quantum theory, see 81Q05;
35N20 Overdetermined initial value problems for PDEs for relativity and gravitational theory, see 83A05,
and systems of PDEs 83C10}
35N25 Overdetermined boundary value problems for 35Q49 Transport equations {For calculus of variations
PDEs and systems of PDEs and optimal control, see 49Q22; for fluid mechan-
ics, see 76F25; for statistical mechanics, see 82C70,
35N30 Overdetermined initial-boundary value problems 82D75; for operations research, see 90B06; for
for PDEs and systems of PDEs mathematical programming, see 90C08}
35N99 None of the above, but in this section 35Q51 Soliton equations {For dynamical systems and er-
godic theory, see 37K40}
35Pxx Spectral theory and eigenvalue
35Q53 KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations)
problems for partial differential equations {For dynamical systems and ergodic theory, see
{For operator theory, see 47Axx, 47Bxx, 37K10}
47F05}
35Q55 NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations)
35P05 General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs {For dynamical systems and ergodic theory, see
37K10}
35P10 Completeness of eigenfunctions and eigenfunc-
tion expansions in context of PDEs 35Q56 Ginzburg-Landau equations {For optics and elec-
tromagnetic theory, see 78A25}
35P15 Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs
35Q60 PDEs in connection with optics and electromag-
35P20 Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in con- netic theory
text of PDEs
35Q61 Maxwell equations {For optics and electromag-
35P25 Scattering theory for PDEs [See also 47A40] netic theory, see 78A25; for relativity and gravita-
tional theory, see 83C22}
35P30 Nonlinear eigenvalue problems and nonlinear
spectral theory for PDEs 35Q62 PDEs in connection with statistics
35P99 None of the above, but in this section 35Q68 PDEs in connection with computer science

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35Q70 PDEs in connection with mechanics of particles 35Rxx Miscellaneous topics in partial dif-
and systems of particles ferential equations {For equations on man-
ifolds, see 32Wxx, 58Jxx; for manifolds of
35Q74 PDEs in connection with mechanics of de-
solutions, see 58Bxx; for stochastic PDEs,
formable solids
see 60H15}
35Q75 PDEs in connection with relativity and gravita- 35R01 PDEs on manifolds [See also 32Wxx, 53Cxx,
tional theory 58Jxx]

35Q76 Einstein equations {For several complex vari- 35R02 PDEs on graphs and networks (ramified or polyg-
ables and analytic spaces, see 32Q40; for differential onal spaces)
geometry, see 53C07; for relativity and gravitational
35R03 PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot
theory, see 83C05, 83C25, 83D05}
groups, etc.
35Q79 PDEs in connection with classical thermodynam- 35R05 PDEs with low regular coefficients and/or low
ics and heat transfer regular data

35Q81 PDEs in connection with semiconductor devices 35R06 PDEs with measure
{For statistical mechanics, see 82D37}
35R07 PDEs on time scales
35Q82 PDEs in connection with statistical mechanics 35R09 Integral partial differential equations [See also
45Kxx]
35Q83 Vlasov equations {For statistical mechanics, see
82C70, 82D75} 35R10 Functional partial differential equations

35R11 Fractional partial differential equations

35Q84 Fokker-Planck equations {For fluid mechanics,
see 76X05, 76W05; for statistical mechanics, see 35R12 Impulsive partial differential equations
82C31}
35R13 Fuzzy partial differential equations
35Q85 PDEs in connection with astronomy and astro-
35R15 PDEs on infinite-dimensional (e.g., function)
physics
spaces (= PDEs in infinitely many variables) [See
also 46Gxx, 58D25]
35Q86 PDEs in connection with geophysics
35R20 Operator partial differential equations (= PDEs
35Q89 PDEs in connection with mean field game theory on finite-dimensional spaces for abstract space val-
{For calculus of variations and optimal control, see ued functions) [See also 34Gxx, 47A50, 47D03,
49N80; for game theory, see 91A16} 47D06, 47D09, 47H20, 47Jxx]

35Q90 PDEs in connection with mathematical program- 35R25 Ill-posed problems for PDEs
ming 35R30 Inverse problems for PDEs
35Q91 PDEs in connection with game theory, eco- 35R35 Free boundary problems for PDEs
nomics, social and behavioral sciences
35R37 Moving boundary problems for PDEs
35Q92 PDEs in connection with biology, chemistry and 35R45 Partial differential inequalities and systems of
other natural sciences partial differential inequalities
35Q93 PDEs in connection with control and optimiza- 35R50 PDEs of infinite order
tion
35R60 PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differ-
35Q94 PDEs in connection with information and com- ential equations [See also 60H15]
munication 35R70 PDEs with multivalued right-hand sides

35Q99 None of the above, but in this section 35R99 None of the above, but in this section

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35Sxx Pseudodifferential operators and 37-11 Research data for problems pertaining to dynam-
other generalizations of partial differential ical systems and ergodic theory
operators {For operator theory, see 47G30,
58J40}
37Axx Ergodic theory [See also 28Dxx]
35S05 Pseudodifferential operators as generalizations
of partial differential operators [See also 32W25, 37A05 Dynamical aspects of measure-preserving trans-
47G30, 47L80, 58J40] formations

35S10 Initial value problems for PDEs with pseudodif-

ferential operators 37A10 Dynamical systems involving one-parameter con-
tinuous families of measure-preserving transforma-
35S15 Boundary value problems for PDEs with pseu- tions
dodifferential operators
37A15 General groups of measure-preserving transfor-
35S16 Initial-boundary value problems for PDEs with
mations and dynamical systems [See mainly 22Fxx]
pseudodifferential operators

35S30 Fourier integral operators applied to PDEs [See 37A17 Homogeneous flows [See also 22Fxx]
also 43A32, 58J40]

35S35 Topological aspects for pseudodifferential opera- 37A20 Algebraic ergodic theory, cocycles, orbit equiva-
tors in context of PDEs: intersection cohomology, lence, ergodic equivalence relations
stratified sets, etc. [See also 32C38, 32S40, 32S60,
58J15] 37A25 Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing
35S50 Paradifferential operators as generalizations of
partial differential operators in context of PDEs 37A30 Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov op-
erators {For operator ergodic theory, see mainly
35S99 None of the above, but in this section 47A35}

37A35 Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, clas-

37-XX Dynamical systems and er- sification in ergodic theory
godic theory [See also 26A18,
28Dxx, 34Cxx, 34Dxx, 35Bxx, 37A40 Nonsingular (and infinite-measure preserving)
transformations
46Lxx, 58Jxx, 70-XX]
37-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 37A44 Relations between ergodic theory and number
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to dynamical sys- theory [See also 11Kxx]
tems and ergodic theory
37A46 Relations between ergodic theory and harmonic
37-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
analysis
pers, etc.) pertaining to dynamical systems and
ergodic theory
37A50 Dynamical systems and their relations with prob-
37-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) ability theory and stochastic processes [See also
pertaining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory 60Fxx, 60G10]
37-03 History of dynamical systems and ergodic theory
∗
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to 37A55 Dynamical systems and the theory of C -
Section 01] algebras [See mainly 46L55]

37-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 37A60 Dynamical aspects of statistical mechanics [See
ing to dynamical systems and ergodic theory also 82Cxx]
37-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory 37A99 None of the above, but in this section

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37Bxx Topological dynamics 37C30 Functional analytic techniques in dynamical sys-
tems; zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius) transfer
37B02 Dynamics in general topological spaces
operators, etc.
37B05 Dynamical systems involving transformations
37C35 Orbit growth in dynamical systems
and group actions with special properties (minimal-
ity, distality, proximality, expansivity, etc.) 37C40 Smooth ergodic theory, invariant measures for
smooth dynamical systems [See also 37Dxx]
37B10 Symbolic dynamics
37C45 Dimension theory of smooth dynamical systems
37B15 Dynamical aspects of cellular automata {For
computational aspects, see 68Q80} 37C50 Approximate trajectories (pseudotrajectories,
shadowing, etc.) in smooth dynamics
37B20 Notions of recurrence and recurrent behavior in
dynamical systems 37C55 Periodic and quasi-periodic flows and diffeomor-
37B25 Stability of topological dynamical systems phisms

37B30 Index theory for dynamical systems, Morse- 37C60 Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems [See
Conley indices also 37B55]

37B35 Gradient-like and recurrent behavior; isolated 37C65 Monotone flows as dynamical systems
(locally maximal) invariant sets; attractors, re- 37C70 Attractors and repellers of smooth dynamical
pellers for topological dynamical systems systems and their topological structure
37B40 Topological entropy 37C75 Stability theory for smooth dynamical systems
37B45 Continua theory in dynamics 37C79 Symmetries and invariants of dynamical systems
37B51 Multidimensional shifts of finite type [See also 34C14, 34K04]

37B52 Tiling dynamics 37C81 Equivariant dynamical systems

37B55 Topological dynamics of nonautonomous systems 37C83 Dynamical systems with singularities (billiards,
etc.)
37B65 Approximate trajectories, pseudotrajectories,
shadowing and related notions for topological dy- 37C85 Dynamics induced by group actions other than Z
namical systems and R, and C [See mainly 22Fxx, and also 32M25,
57R30, 57Sxx]
37B99 None of the above, but in this section
37C86 Foliations generated by dynamical systems
37Cxx Smooth dynamical systems: gen- 37C99 None of the above, but in this section
eral theory [See also 34Cxx, 34Dxx]
37C05 Dynamical systems involving smooth mappings 37Dxx Dynamical systems with hyperbolic
and diffeomorphisms behavior
37C10 Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows 37D05 Dynamical systems with hyperbolic orbits and
sets
37C15 Topological and differentiable equivalence, con-
jugacy, moduli, classification of dynamical systems 37D10 Invariant manifold theory for dynamical systems
37C20 Generic properties, structural stability of dynam- 37D15 Morse-Smale systems
ical systems
37D20 Uniformly hyperbolic systems (expanding,
37C25 Fixed points and periodic points of dynamical Anosov, Axiom A, etc.)
systems; fixed-point index theory, local dynamics
37D25 Nonuniformly hyperbolic systems (Lyapunov ex-
37C27 Periodic orbits of vector fields and flows ponents, Pesin theory, etc.)
37C29 Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits for dynamical 37D30 Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated
systems splittings

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37D35 Thermodynamic formalism, variational princi- 37F25 Renormalization of holomorphic dynamical sys-
ples, equilibrium states for dynamical systems tems

37D40 Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hy- 37F31 Quasiconformal methods in holomorphic dynam-
perbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) ics; quasiconformal dynamics

37D45 Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics of systems 37F32 Fuchsian and Kleinian groups as dynamical sys-
with hyperbolic behavior tems
37F34 Teichmüller theory; moduli spaces of holomor-
37D99 None of the above, but in this section
phic dynamical systems

37Exx Low-dimensional dynamical sys- 37F35 Conformal densities and Hausdorff dimension for
holomorphic dynamical systems
tems
37F40 Geometric limits in holomorphic dynamics
37E05 Dynamical systems involving maps of the interval
(piecewise continuous, continuous, smooth) 37F44 Holomorphic families of dynamical systems; holo-
morphic motions; semigroups of holomorphic maps
37E10 Dynamical systems involving maps of the circle
37F46 Bifurcations; parameter spaces in holomorphic
37E15 Combinatorial dynamics (types of periodic or- dynamics; the Mandelbrot and Multibrot sets
bits)
37F50 Small divisors, rotation domains and lineariza-
37E20 Universality and renormalization of dynamical tion in holomorphic dynamics
systems [See also 37F25]
37F75 Dynamical aspects of holomorphic foliations and
37E25 Dynamical systems involving maps of trees and vector fields [See also 32M25, 32S65, 34Mxx]
graphs
37F80 Higher-dimensional holomorphic and meromor-
37E30 Dynamical systems involving homeomorphisms phic dynamics
and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces 37F99 None of the above, but in this section
37E35 Flows on surfaces
37Gxx Local and nonlocal bifurcation the-
37E40 Dynamical aspects of twist maps ory for dynamical systems [See also 34C23,
37E45 Rotation numbers and vectors 34K18]
37G05 Normal forms for dynamical systems
37E99 None of the above, but in this section
37G10 Bifurcations of singular points in dynamical sys-
37Fxx Dynamical systems over complex tems
numbers [See also 30D05, 32H50] 37G15 Bifurcations of limit cycles and periodic orbits in
dynamical systems
37F05 Dynamical systems involving relations and corre-
spondences in one complex variable 37G20 Hyperbolic singular points with homoclinic tra-
jectories in dynamical systems
37F10 Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational
maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and 37G25 Bifurcations connected with nontransversal in-
Julia sets [See also 32A10, 32A20, 32H02, 32H04] tersection in dynamical systems

37F12 Critical orbits for holomorphic dynamical sys- 37G30 Infinite nonwandering sets arising in bifurcations
tems of dynamical systems
37G35 Dynamical aspects of attractors and their bifur-
37F15 Expanding holomorphic maps; hyperbolicity;
cations
structural stability of holomorphic dynamical sys-
tems 37G40 Dynamical aspects of symmetries, equivariant bi-
furcation theory
37F20 Combinatorics and topology in relation with
holomorphic dynamical systems 37G99 None of the above, but in this section

70

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37Hxx Random dynamical systems [See 37J39 Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and
also 15B52, 34D08, 34F05, 47B80, 70L05, Lagrangian systems with topology, geometry and
82C05, 93Exx] differential geometry (symplectic geometry, Poisson
geometry, etc.) [See also 53D20]
37H05 General theory of random and stochastic dynam-
ical systems 37J40 Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian
systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM the-
37H10 Generation, random and stochastic difference ory, Arnol’d diffusion
and differential equations [See also 34F05, 34K50,
60H10, 60H15] 37J46 Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of
finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems
37H12 Random iteration
37J51 Action-minimizing orbits and measures for finite-
37H15 Random dynamical systems aspects of multi- dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems;
plicative ergodic theory, Lyapunov exponents [See variational principles; degree-theoretic methods
also 34D08, 37Axx, 37Cxx, 37Dxx]
37J55 Contact systems [See also 53D10]
37H20 Bifurcation theory for random and stochastic dy-
namical systems [See also 37Gxx] 37J60 Nonholonomic dynamical systems [See also
70F25]
37H30 Stability theory for random and stochastic dy-
namical systems 37J65 Nonautonomous Hamiltonian dynamical systems
(Painlevé equations, etc.)
37H99 None of the above, but in this section
37J70 Completely integrable discrete dynamical systems
37Jxx Dynamical aspects of finite- 37J99 None of the above, but in this section
dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian
systems [See also 53Dxx, 70Fxx, 70Hxx] 37Kxx Dynamical system aspects of
37J06 General theory of finite-dimensional Hamilto- infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and La-
nian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and La- grangian systems [See also 35Axx, 35Qxx]
grangian structures, symmetries, invariants
37K06 General theory of infinite-dimensional Hamilto-
37J11 Symplectic and canonical mappings nian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and La-
grangian structures, symmetries, conservation laws
37J12 Fixed points and periodic points of finite-
dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems 37K10 Completely integrable infinite-dimensional
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration
37J20 Bifurcation problems for finite-dimensional
methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems
(KdV, KP, Toda, etc.)
37J25 Stability problems for finite-dimensional Hamil-
37K15 Inverse spectral and scattering methods for
tonian and Lagrangian systems
infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian
37J30 Obstructions to integrability for finite- systems
dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems
(nonintegrability criteria) 37K20 Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian
and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic
37J35 Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamil- geometry, complex analysis, and special functions
tonian systems, integration methods, integrability [See also 14H70]
tests
37K25 Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian
37J37 Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology,
Lagrangian systems with Lie algebras and other al- geometry and differential geometry
gebraic structures
37K30 Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian
37J38 Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-
Lagrangian systems with algebraic geometry, com- dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic struc-
plex analysis, special functions tures

71

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37K35 Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for 37L50 Noncompact semigroups; dispersive equations;
infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian perturbations of infinite-dimensional dissipative dy-
systems namical systems

37K40 Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions 37L55 Infinite-dimensional random dynamical systems;
of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems stochastic equations [See also 35R60, 60H10, 60H15]

37K45 Stability problems for infinite-dimensional 37L60 Lattice dynamics and infinite-dimensional dissi-
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems pative dynamical systems [See also 37K60]
37L65 Special approximation methods (nonlinear
37K50 Bifurcation problems for infinite-dimensional
Galerkin, etc.) for infinite-dimensional dissipative
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems
dynamical systems
37K55 Perturbations, KAM for infinite-dimensional 37L99 None of the above, but in this section
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems

37K58 Variational principles and methods for infinite- 37Mxx Approximation methods and nu-
dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems merical treatment of dynamical systems
{For numerical analysis, see also 65Pxx;
37K60 Lattice dynamics; integrable lattice equations
[See also 37L60] for software etc., see 37-04}
37M05 Simulation of dynamical systems
37K65 Hamiltonian systems on groups of diffeomor-
phisms and on manifolds of mappings and metrics 37M10 Time series analysis of dynamical systems

37K99 None of the above, but in this section 37M15 Discretization methods and integrators (sym-
plectic, variational, geometric, etc.) for dynamical
systems
37Lxx Infinite-dimensional dissipative dy-
namical systems [See also 35Bxx, 35Qxx] 37M20 Computational methods for bifurcation prob-
lems in dynamical systems
37L05 General theory of infinite-dimensional dissipative
dynamical systems, nonlinear semigroups, evolution 37M21 Computational methods for invariant manifolds
equations of dynamical systems

37L10 Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurca- 37M22 Computational methods for attractors of dy-
tion theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dy- namical systems
namical systems 37M25 Computational methods for ergodic theory (ap-
proximation of invariant measures, computation of
37L15 Stability problems for infinite-dimensional dissi-
Lyapunov exponents, entropy, etc.)
pative dynamical systems
37M99 None of the above, but in this section
37L20 Symmetries of infinite-dimensional dissipative
dynamical systems
37Nxx Applications of dynamical systems
37L25 Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting
37N05 Dynamical systems in classical and celestial me-
sets of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical
chanics [See mainly 70Fxx, 70Hxx, 70Kxx]
systems
37N10 Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanog-
37L30 Infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical raphy and meteorology [See mainly 76-XX, espe-
systems–attractors and their dimensions, Lyapunov cially 76D05, 76F20, 86A05, 86A10]
exponents
37N15 Dynamical systems in solid mechanics [See
37L40 Invariant measures for infinite-dimensional dissi- mainly 74Hxx]
pative dynamical systems
37N20 Dynamical systems in other branches of physics
37L45 Hyperbolicity; Lyapunov functions for infinite- (quantum mechanics, general relativity, laser
dimensional dissipative dynamical systems physics)

72

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37N25 Dynamical systems in biology [See also 92-XX] 39-03 History of difference and functional equations
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
37N30 Dynamical systems in numerical analysis [See Section 01]
also 65-XX]
39-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
37N35 Dynamical systems in control [See also 93-XX] ing to difference and functional equations
37N40 Dynamical systems in optimization and eco- 39-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
nomics [See also 90-XX, 91-XX] taining to difference and functional equations
37N99 None of the above, but in this section 39-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to difference and functional equations
37Pxx Arithmetic and non-Archimedean
39-11 Research data for problems pertaining to differ-
dynamical systems [See also 11S82, 37A44] ence and functional equations
37P05 Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical sys-
tems involving polynomial and rational maps 39Axx Difference equations {For dynamic
37P10 Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical sys- equations on time scales, see 34N05; for
tems involving analytic and meromorphic maps dynamical systems, see 37-XX}
37P15 Dynamical systems over global ground fields 39A05 General theory of difference equations

37P20 Dynamical systems over non-Archimedean local 39A06 Linear difference equations
ground fields 39A10 Additive difference equations
37P25 Dynamical systems over finite ground fields 39A12 Discrete version of topics in analysis
37P30 Height functions; Green functions; invariant mea- 39A13 Difference equations, scaling (q-differences) [See
sures in arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynami- also 33Dxx]
cal systems [See also 11G50, 14G40]
39A14 Partial difference equations
37P35 Arithmetic properties of periodic points
39A20 Multiplicative and other generalized difference
37P40 Non-Archimedean Fatou and Julia sets equations, e.g., of Lyness type
37P45 Families and moduli spaces in arithmetic and 39A21 Oscillation theory for difference equations
non-Archimedean dynamical systems
39A22 Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions to
37P50 Dynamical systems on Berkovich spaces difference equations
37P55 Arithmetic dynamics on general algebraic vari- 39A23 Periodic solutions of difference equations
eties
39A24 Almost periodic solutions of difference equations
37P99 None of the above, but in this section
39A26 Fuzzy difference equations

39-XX Difference and functional 39A27 Boundary value problems for difference equations

equations 39A28 Bifurcation theory for difference equations

39-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 39A30 Stability theory for difference equations
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to difference and 39A33 Chaotic behavior of solutions of difference equa-
functional equations tions
39-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 39A36 Integrable difference and lattice equations; inte-
pers, etc.) pertaining to difference and functional grability tests
equations
39A45 Difference equations in the complex domain
39-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to difference and functional equations 39A50 Stochastic difference equations

73

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39A60 Applications of difference equations 40-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to sequences, series, summability
39A70 Difference operators [See also 47B39]
40-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
39A99 None of the above, but in this section
taining to sequences, series, summability

39Bxx Functional equations and inequali- 40-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
ties [See also 30D05] to sequences, series, summability

39B05 General theory of functional equations and in- 40-11 Research data for problems pertaining to se-
equalities quences, series, summability

39B12 Iteration theory, iterative and composite equa-

tions [See also 26A18, 30D05, 37-XX] 40Axx Convergence and divergence of in-
finite limiting processes
39B22 Functional equations for real functions [See also
26A51, 26B25] 40A05 Convergence and divergence of series and se-
quences
39B32 Functional equations for complex functions [See
also 30D05] 40A10 Convergence and divergence of integrals
39B42 Matrix and operator functional equations [See 40A15 Convergence and divergence of continued frac-
also 47Jxx] tions [See also 30B70]
39B52 Functional equations for functions with more
40A20 Convergence and divergence of infinite products
general domains and/or ranges

39B55 Orthogonal additivity and other conditional 40A25 Approximation to limiting values (summation of
functional equations series, etc.) {For the Euler-Maclaurin summation
formula, see 65B15}
39B62 Functional inequalities, including subadditivity,
convexity, etc. [See also 26A51, 26B25, 26Dxx] 40A30 Convergence and divergence of series and se-
quences of functions
39B72 Systems of functional equations and inequalities
40A35 Ideal and statistical convergence [See also 40G15]
39B82 Stability, separation, extension, and related top-
ics for functional equations [See also 46A22] 40A99 None of the above, but in this section

39B99 None of the above, but in this section

40Bxx Multiple sequences and series
40-XX Sequences, series, summa- 40B05 Multiple sequences and series (should also be as-
signed at least one other classification number in
bility this section)
40-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 40B99 None of the above, but in this section
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to sequences, series,
summability
40Cxx General summability methods
40-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to sequences, series, summa- 40C05 Matrix methods for summability
bility
40C10 Integral methods for summability
40-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to sequences, series, summability 40C15 Function-theoretic methods (including power se-
ries methods and semicontinuous methods) for
40-03 History of sequences, series, summability [Con- summability
sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
tion 01] 40C99 None of the above, but in this section

74

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40Dxx Direct theorems on summability 40Jxx Summability in abstract structures
40D05 General theorems on summability
(should also be assigned at least one other
classification number from Section 40) [See
40D09 Structure of summability fields also 43A55, 46A35, 46B15]
40D10 Tauberian constants and oscillation limits in 40J05 Summability in abstract structures (should also
summability theory be assigned at least one other classification number
40D15 Convergence factors and summability factors from Section 40) [See also 43A55, 46A35, 46B15]

40D20 Summability and bounded fields of methods

40J99 None of the above, but in this section
40D25 Inclusion and equivalence theorems in summabil-
ity theory

40D99 None of the above, but in this section

41-XX Approximations and ex-
40Exx Inversion theorems
pansions {For approximation the-
ory in the complex domain, see
40E05 Tauberian theorems, general
30E05, 30E10; for trigonometric
40E10 Growth estimates
approximation and interpolation,
40E15 Lacunary inversion theorems see 42A10, 42A15; for numerical
40E20 Tauberian constants approximation, see 65Dxx}
40E99 None of the above, but in this section
41-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to approximations
40Fxx Absolute and strong summability and expansions
(should also be assigned at least one other
classification number in Section 40)
41-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
40F05 Absolute and strong summability (should also be pers, etc.) pertaining to approximations and ex-
assigned at least one other classification number in pansions
Section 40)

40F99 None of the above, but in this section 41-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to approximations and expansions
40Gxx Special methods of summability
40G05 Cesàro, Euler, Nörlund and Hausdorff methods 41-03 History of approximations and expansions [Con-
sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
40G10 Abel, Borel and power series methods tion 01]

40G15 Summability methods using statistical conver-

gence [See also 40A35] 41-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to approximations and expansions
40G99 None of the above, but in this section

40Hxx Functional analytic methods in 41-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to approximations and expansions
summability
40H05 Functional analytic methods in summability
41-11 Research data for problems pertaining to approx-
40H99 None of the above, but in this section imations and expansions

75

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41Axx Approximations and expansions 41A65 Abstract approximation theory (approximation
{For approximation theory in the complex in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces)
domain, see 30E05, 30E10; for trigonomet- 41A80 Remainders in approximation formulas
ric approximation and interpolation, see
41A81 Weighted approximation
42A10, 42A15; for numerical approxima-
tion, see 65Dxx} 41A99 None of the above, but in this section
41A05 Interpolation in approximation theory [See also
42A15, 65D05] 42-XX Harmonic analysis on Eu-
41A10 Approximation by polynomials {For approxima- clidean spaces
tion by trigonometric polynomials, see 42A10}
42-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
41A15 Spline approximation bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to harmonic analy-
sis on Euclidean spaces
41A17 Inequalities in approximation (Bernstein, Jack-
son, Nikol’skiı̆-type inequalities) 42-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to harmonic analysis on Eu-
41A20 Approximation by rational functions clidean spaces
41A21 Padé approximation 42-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces
41A25 Rate of convergence, degree of approximation
42-03 History of harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces
41A27 Inverse theorems in approximation theory
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
41A28 Simultaneous approximation Section 01]

41A29 Approximation with constraints 42-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces
41A30 Approximation by other special function classes
42-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
41A35 Approximation by operators (in particular, by in- taining to harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces
tegral operators)
42-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
41A36 Approximation by positive operators to harmonic analysis on Euclidean spaces

41A40 Saturation in approximation theory 42-11 Research data for problems pertaining to har-
monic analysis on Euclidean spaces
41A44 Best constants in approximation theory

41A45 Approximation by arbitrary linear expressions 42Axx Harmonic analysis in one variable
42A05 Trigonometric polynomials, inequalities, ex-
41A46 Approximation by arbitrary nonlinear expres-
tremal problems
sions; widths and entropy
42A10 Trigonometric approximation
41A50 Best approximation, Chebyshev systems
42A15 Trigonometric interpolation
41A52 Uniqueness of best approximation
42A16 Fourier coefficients, Fourier series of functions
41A55 Approximate quadratures with special properties, special Fourier series {For
41A58 Series expansions (e.g., Taylor, Lidstone series, automorphic theory, see mainly 11F30}
but not Fourier series) 42A20 Convergence and absolute convergence of Fourier
and trigonometric series
41A60 Asymptotic approximations, asymptotic expan-
sions (steepest descent, etc.) [See also 30E15] 42A24 Summability and absolute summability of
Fourier and trigonometric series
41A63 Multidimensional problems (should also be as-
signed at least one other classification number from 42A32 Trigonometric series of special types (positive co-
Section 41) efficients, monotonic coefficients, etc.)

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42A38 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and 42Cxx Nontrigonometric harmonic analy-
other transforms of Fourier type sis
42A45 Multipliers in one variable harmonic analysis 42C05 Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general
theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis [See
42A50 Conjugate functions, conjugate series, singular
also 33C45, 33C50, 33D45]
integrals
42A55 Lacunary series of trigonometric and other func- 42C10 Fourier series in special orthogonal functions
tions; Riesz products (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.)

42A61 Probabilistic methods for one variable harmonic 42C15 General harmonic expansions, frames
analysis
42A63 Uniqueness of trigonometric expansions, unique- 42C20 Other transformations of harmonic type
ness of Fourier expansions, Riemann theory, local-
ization 42C25 Uniqueness and localization for orthogonal series

42A65 Completeness of sets of functions in one variable 42C30 Completeness of sets of functions in nontrigono-
harmonic analysis metric harmonic analysis
42A70 Trigonometric moment problems in one variable 42C40 Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving
harmonic analysis wavelets and other special systems
42A75 Classical almost periodic functions, mean peri-
odic functions [See also 43A60] 42C99 None of the above, but in this section

42A82 Positive definite functions in one variable har-

monic analysis 43-XX Abstract harmonic analysis
42A85 Convolution, factorization for one variable har- {For other analysis on topological
monic analysis
and Lie groups, see 22Exx}
42A99 None of the above, but in this section
43-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
42Bxx Harmonic analysis in several vari- bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to abstract har-
monic analysis
ables {For automorphic theory, see mainly
11F30} 43-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
42B05 Fourier series and coefficients in several variables pers, etc.) pertaining to abstract harmonic analysis

42B08 Summability in several variables 43-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to abstract harmonic analysis
42B10 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and
other transforms of Fourier type
43-03 History of abstract harmonic analysis [Consider
42B15 Multipliers for harmonic analysis in several vari- also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
ables
43-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
42B20 Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón- ing to abstract harmonic analysis
Zygmund, etc.)
42B25 Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory 43-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to abstract harmonic analysis
42B30 H p -spaces
43-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
42B35 Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis to abstract harmonic analysis
42B37 Harmonic analysis and PDEs [See also 35-XX]
43-11 Research data for problems pertaining to abstract
42B99 None of the above, but in this section harmonic analysis

77

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43Axx Abstract harmonic analysis {For 43A80 Analysis on other specific Lie groups [See also
other analysis on topological and Lie 22Exx]
groups, see 22Exx}
43A05 Measures on groups and semigroups, etc. 43A85 Harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces

43A07 Means on groups, semigroups, etc.; amenable

groups 43A90 Harmonic analysis and spherical functions [See
also 22E45, 22E46, 33C55]
43A10 Measure algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A15 Lp -spaces and other function spaces on groups, 43A95 Categorical methods for abstract harmonic anal-
semigroups, etc. ysis [See also 46Mxx]

43A17 Analysis on ordered groups, H p -theory

43A99 None of the above, but in this section
43A20 L1 -algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A22 Homomorphisms and multipliers of function
spaces on groups, semigroups, etc.
44-XX Integral transforms, op-
43A25 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms on lo- erational calculus {For fractional
cally compact and other abelian groups
derivatives and integrals, see
43A30 Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms on non-
abelian groups and on semigroups, etc. 26A33; for Fourier transforms, see
43A32 Other transforms and operators of Fourier type
42A38, 42B10; for integral trans-
43A35 Positive definite functions on groups, semigroups,
forms in distribution spaces, see
etc. 46F12; for numerical methods, see
43A40 Character groups and dual objects 65R10}
43A45 Spectral synthesis on groups, semigroups, etc. 44-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
43A46 Special sets (thin sets, Kronecker sets, Helson bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to integral trans-
sets, Ditkin sets, Sidon sets, etc.) forms

43A50 Convergence of Fourier series and of inverse

transforms 44-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to integral transforms
43A55 Summability methods on groups, semigroups,
etc. [See also 40J05]
44-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
43A60 Almost periodic functions on groups and semi- pertaining to integral transforms
groups and their generalizations (recurrent func-
tions, distal functions, etc.); almost automorphic
44-03 History of integral transforms [Consider also clas-
functions
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
43A62 Harmonic analysis on hypergroups
43A65 Representations of groups, semigroups, etc. (as- 44-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
pects of abstract harmonic analysis) [See also ing to integral transforms
22A10, 22A20, 22Dxx, 22E45]
43A70 Analysis on specific locally compact and other 44-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
abelian groups [See also 11R56, 22B05] taining to integral transforms

43A75 Harmonic analysis on specific compact groups

44-11 Research data for problems pertaining to integral
43A77 Harmonic analysis on general compact groups transforms

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44Axx Integral transforms, operational 45Axx Linear integral equations
calculus {For fractional derivatives and in- 45A05 Linear integral equations
tegrals, see 26A33; for Fourier transforms,
see 42A38, 42B10; for integral transforms 45A99 None of the above, but in this section
in distribution spaces, see 46F12; for nu-
merical methods, see 65R10} 45Bxx Fredholm integral equations
45B05 Fredholm integral equations
44A05 General integral transforms [See also 42A38]
45B99 None of the above, but in this section
44A10 Laplace transform

44A12 Radon transform [See also 92C55] 45Cxx Eigenvalue problems for integral
equations [See also 34Lxx, 35Pxx, 45P05,
44A15 Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert,
47A75]
etc.)
45C05 Eigenvalue problems for integral equations [See
44A20 Integral transforms of special functions also 34Lxx, 35Pxx, 45P05, 47A75]
44A30 Multiple integral transforms 45C99 None of the above, but in this section

44A35 Convolution as an integral transform

45Dxx Volterra integral equations [See
44A40 Calculus of Mikusiński and other operational cal- also 34A12]
culi
45D05 Volterra integral equations [See also 34A12]
44A45 Classical operational calculus 45D99 None of the above, but in this section
44A55 Discrete operational calculus
45Exx Singular integral equations [See also
44A60 Moment problems {For trigonometric moment 30E20, 30E25, 44A15, 44A35]
problems, see 42A70}
45E05 Integral equations with kernels of Cauchy type
44A99 None of the above, but in this section [See also 35J15]
45E10 Integral equations of the convolution type (Abel,
45-XX Integral equations Picard, Toeplitz and Wiener-Hopf type) [See also
47B35]
45-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 45E99 None of the above, but in this section
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to integral equa-
tions
45Fxx Systems of linear integral equations
45-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 45F05 Systems of nonsingular linear integral equations
pers, etc.) pertaining to integral equations
45F10 Dual, triple, etc., integral and series equations
45-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to integral equations 45F15 Systems of singular linear integral equations
45F99 None of the above, but in this section
45-03 History of integral equations [Consider also clas-
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
45Gxx Nonlinear integral equations [See
45-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- also 47H30, 47Jxx]
ing to integral equations
45G05 Singular nonlinear integral equations
45-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to integral equations 45G10 Other nonlinear integral equations
45G15 Systems of nonlinear integral equations
45-11 Research data for problems pertaining to integral
equations 45G99 None of the above, but in this section

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45Hxx Integral equations with miscella- 45Pxx Integral operators [See also 47B38,
neous special kernels [See also 44A15] 47G10]
45H05 Integral equations with miscellaneous special ker- 45P05 Integral operators [See also 47B38, 47G10]
nels [See also 44A15]
45P99 None of the above, but in this section
45H99 None of the above, but in this section

45Jxx Integro-ordinary differential equa- 45Qxx Inverse problems for integral equa-
tions [See also 34K05, 34K30, 47G20] tions
45J05 Integro-ordinary differential equations [See also 45Q05 Inverse problems for integral equations
34K05, 34K30, 47G20]
45Q99 None of the above, but in this section
45J99 None of the above, but in this section

45Kxx Integro-partial differential equa- 45Rxx Random integral equations [See

tions [See also 34K30, 35R09, 35R10, also 60H20]
47G20] 45R05 Random integral equations [See also 60H20]
45K05 Integro-partial differential equations [See also
34K30, 35R09, 35R10, 47G20] 45R99 None of the above, but in this section

45K99 None of the above, but in this section

46-XX Functional analysis {For
45Lxx Theoretical approximation of solu- manifolds modeled on topological
tions to integral equations {For numerical
linear spaces, see 57Nxx, 58Bxx}
analysis, see 65Rxx}
45L05 Theoretical approximation of solutions to integral 46-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
equations {For numerical analysis, see 65Rxx} bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to functional anal-
ysis
45L99 None of the above, but in this section
46-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to functional analysis
45Mxx Qualitative behavior of solutions to
integral equations 46-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
45M05 Asymptotics of solutions to integral equations pertaining to functional analysis

45M10 Stability theory for integral equations 46-03 History of functional analysis [Consider also clas-
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
45M15 Periodic solutions of integral equations

45M20 Positive solutions of integral equations 46-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to functional analysis
45M99 None of the above, but in this section
46-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to functional analysis
45Nxx Abstract integral equations, inte-
gral equations in abstract spaces 46-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
45N05 Abstract integral equations, integral equations in to functional analysis
abstract spaces
46-11 Research data for problems pertaining to func-
45N99 None of the above, but in this section tional analysis

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46Axx Topological linear spaces and re- 46A63 Topological invariants ((DN), (Ω), etc.) for lo-
lated structures {For function spaces, see cally convex spaces
46Exx} 46A70 Saks spaces and their duals (strict topologies,
46A03 General theory of locally convex spaces mixed topologies, two-norm spaces, co-Saks spaces,
etc.)
46A04 Locally convex Fréchet spaces and (DF)-spaces
46A80 Modular spaces
46A08 Barrelled spaces, bornological spaces
46A99 None of the above, but in this section
46A11 Spaces determined by compactness or summa-
bility properties (nuclear spaces, Schwartz spaces, 46Bxx Normed linear spaces and Ba-
Montel spaces, etc.) nach spaces; Banach lattices {For function
46A13 Spaces defined by inductive or projective limits spaces, see 46Exx}
(LB, LF, etc.) [See also 46M40] 46B03 Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Ba-
nach spaces
46A16 Not locally convex spaces (metrizable topological
linear spaces, locally bounded spaces, quasi-Banach 46B04 Isometric theory of Banach spaces
spaces, etc.)
46B06 Asymptotic theory of Banach spaces [See also
46A17 Bornologies and related structures; Mackey con- 52A23]
vergence, etc.
46B07 Local theory of Banach spaces
46A19 Other “topological” linear spaces (convergence
spaces, ranked spaces, spaces with a metric taking 46B08 Ultraproduct techniques in Banach space theory
values in an ordered structure more general than R, [See also 46M07]
etc.) 46B09 Probabilistic methods in Banach space theory
[See also 60Bxx]
46A20 Duality theory for topological vector spaces
46B10 Duality and reflexivity in normed linear and Ba-
46A22 Theorems of Hahn-Banach type; extension and
nach spaces [See also 46A25]
lifting of functionals and operators [See also 46M10]
46B15 Summability and bases; functional analytic as-
46A25 Reflexivity and semi-reflexivity [See also 46B10]pects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces [See
46A30 Open mapping and closed graph theorems; com- also 46A35, 42C15]
pleteness (including B-, Br -completeness) 46B20 Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces
46A32 Spaces of linear operators; topological ten- 46B22 Radon-Nikodým, Kreı̆n-Milman and related
sor products; approximation properties [See also properties [See also 46G10]
46B28, 46M05, 47L05, 47L20]
46B25 Classical Banach spaces in the general theory
46A35 Summability and bases in topological vector
spaces [See also 46B15] 46B26 Nonseparable Banach spaces

46A40 Ordered topological linear spaces, vector lattices 46B28 Spaces of operators; tensor products; approxi-
[See also 06F20, 46B40, 46B42] mation properties [See also 46A32, 46M05, 47L05,
47L20]
46A45 Sequence spaces (including Köthe sequence
spaces) [See also 46B45] 46B40 Ordered normed spaces [See also 46A40, 46B42]
46B42 Banach lattices [See also 46A40, 46B40]
46A50 Compactness in topological linear spaces; angelic
spaces, etc. 46B45 Banach sequence spaces [See also 46A45]
46A55 Convex sets in topological linear spaces; Choquet 46B50 Compactness in Banach (or normed) spaces
theory [See also 52A07]
46B70 Interpolation between normed linear spaces [See
46A61 Graded Fréchet spaces and tame operators also 46M35]

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46B80 Nonlinear classification of Banach spaces; nonlin- 46E30 Spaces of measurable functions (Lp -spaces, Or-
ear quotients licz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces,
rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.)
46B85 Embeddings of discrete metric spaces into Ba-
nach spaces; applications in topology and computer
science [See also 05C12, 68Rxx] 46E35 Sobolev spaces and other spaces of “smooth”
functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems
46B87 Lineability in functional analysis [See also 15A03]
46B99 None of the above, but in this section 46E36 Sobolev (and similar kinds of) spaces of functions
on metric spaces; analysis on metric spaces
46Cxx Inner product spaces and their gen-
eralizations, Hilbert spaces {For function 46E39 Sobolev (and similar kinds of) spaces of functions
of discrete variables
spaces, see 46Exx}
46C05 Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and
46E40 Spaces of vector- and operator-valued functions
topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner
product)
46E50 Spaces of differentiable or holomorphic func-
46C07 Hilbert subspaces (= operator ranges); comple- tions on infinite-dimensional spaces [See also 46G20,
mentation (Aronszajn, de Branges, etc.) [See also 46G25, 47H60]
46B70, 46M35]
46C15 Characterizations of Hilbert spaces 46E99 None of the above, but in this section

46C20 Spaces with indefinite inner product (Kreı̆n

spaces, Pontryagin spaces, etc.) [See also 47B50]
46Fxx Distributions, generalized func-
46C50 Generalizations of inner products (semi-inner tions, distribution spaces [See also 46T30]
products, partial inner products, etc.)
46F05 Topological linear spaces of test functions, dis-
46C99 None of the above, but in this section tributions and ultradistributions [See also 46E10,
46E35]
46Exx Linear function spaces and their du-
als [See also 30H05, 32A38, 46F05] {For 46F10 Operations with distributions and generalized
function algebras, see 46J10} functions
46E05 Lattices of continuous, differentiable or analytic
functions 46F12 Integral transforms in distribution spaces [See
also 42-XX, 44-XX]
46E10 Topological linear spaces of continuous, differen-
tiable or analytic functions
46F15 Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals [See also
46E15 Banach spaces of continuous, differentiable or an- 32A25, 32A45, 32C35, 58J15]
alytic functions
46E20 Hilbert spaces of continuous, differentiable or an- 46F20 Distributions and ultradistributions as boundary
alytic functions values of analytic functions [See also 30D40, 30E25,
32A40]
46E22 Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (=
(proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de
46F25 Distributions on infinite-dimensional spaces [See
Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) [See
also 58C35]
also 47B32]
46E25 Rings and algebras of continuous, differentiable 46F30 Generalized functions for nonlinear analysis
or analytic functions {For Banach function alge- (Rosinger, Colombeau, nonstandard, etc.)
bras, see 46J10, 46J15}
46E27 Spaces of measures [See also 28A33, 46Gxx] 46F99 None of the above, but in this section

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46Gxx Measures, integration, derivative, 46Jxx Commutative Banach algebras and
holomorphy (all involving infinite- commutative topological algebras [See also
dimensional spaces) [See also 28-XX, 46E25]
46Txx] 46J05 General theory of commutative topological alge-
46G05 Derivatives of functions in infinite-dimensional bras
spaces [See also 46T20, 58C20, 58C25] 46J10 Banach algebras of continuous functions, function
algebras [See also 46E25]
46G10 Vector-valued measures and integration [See also
28Bxx, 46B22] 46J15 Banach algebras of differentiable or analytic func-
tions, H p -spaces [See also 30H10, 32A35, 32A37,
46G12 Measures and integration on abstract linear 32A38, 42B30]
spaces [See also 28C20, 46T12]
46J20 Ideals, maximal ideals, boundaries
46G15 Functional analytic lifting theory [See also
46J25 Representations of commutative topological alge-
28A51]
bras
46G20 Infinite-dimensional holomorphy [See also 32- 46J30 Subalgebras of commutative topological algebras
XX, 46E50, 46T25, 58B12, 58C10]
46J40 Structure and classification of commutative topo-
46G25 (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials logical algebras
[See also 46E50, 46G20, 47H60]
46J45 Radical Banach algebras
46G99 None of the above, but in this section 46J99 None of the above, but in this section

46Hxx Topological algebras, normed rings 46Kxx Topological (rings and) algebras
and algebras, Banach algebras {For group with an involution [See also 16W10]
algebras, convolution algebras and mea- 46K05 General theory of topological algebras with invo-
sure algebras, see 43A10, 43A20} lution

46H05 General theory of topological algebras 46K10 Representations of topological algebras with in-
volution
46H10 Ideals and subalgebras
46K15 Hilbert algebras
46H15 Representations of topological algebras 46K50 Nonselfadjoint (sub)algebras in algebras with in-
volution
46H20 Structure, classification of topological algebras
46K70 Nonassociative topological algebras with an in-
46H25 Normed modules and Banach modules, topolog- volution [See also 46H70, 46L70]
ical modules (if not placed in 13-XX or 16-XX)
46K99 None of the above, but in this section
46H30 Functional calculus in topological algebras [See
also 47A60] 46Lxx Selfadjoint operator algebras (C ∗ -
algebras, von Neumann (W ∗ -) algebras,
46H35 Topological algebras of operators [See mainly etc.) [See also 22D25, 47Lxx]
47Lxx]
46L05 General theory of C ∗ -algebras
46H40 Automatic continuity
46L06 Tensor products of C ∗ -algebras
46H70 Nonassociative topological algebras [See also 46L07 Operator spaces and completely bounded maps
46K70, 46L70] [See also 47L25]

46H99 None of the above, but in this section 46L08 C ∗ -modules

83

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46L09 Free products of C ∗ -algebras 46Mxx Methods of category theory in
functional analysis [See also 18-XX]
46L10 General theory of von Neumann algebras
46M05 Tensor products in functional analysis [See also
46L30 States of selfadjoint operator algebras 46A32, 46B28, 47A80]

46L35 Classifications of C ∗ -algebras 46M07 Ultraproducts in functional analysis [See also

46B08, 46S20]
46L36 Classification of factors
46M10 Projective and injective objects in functional
46L37 Subfactors and their classification analysis [See also 46A22]

46M15 Categories, functors in functional analysis {For

46L40 Automorphisms of selfadjoint operator algebras
K-theory, Ext, etc., see 19K33, 46L80, 46M18,
46M20}
46L45 Decomposition theory for C ∗ -algebras
46M18 Homological methods in functional analysis (ex-
46L51 Noncommutative measure and integration act sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.)
46L52 Noncommutative function spaces 46M20 Methods of algebraic topology in functional
analysis (cohomology, sheaf and bundle theory, etc.)
46L53 Noncommutative probability and statistics [See also 14F06, 18Fxx, 19Kxx, 32Cxx, 32Lxx,
46L80, 46M15, 46M18, 55Rxx]
46L54 Free probability and free operator algebras
46M35 Abstract interpolation of topological vector
46L55 Noncommutative dynamical systems [See also spaces [See also 46B70]
28Dxx, 37Kxx, 37Lxx, 37A55]
46M40 Inductive and projective limits in functional
46L57 Derivations, dissipations and positive semigroups analysis [See also 46A13]
in C ∗ -algebras
46M99 None of the above, but in this section
46L60 Applications of selfadjoint operator algebras to
physics [See also 46N50, 46N55, 47L90, 81T05, 46Nxx Miscellaneous applications of func-
82B10, 82C10]
tional analysis [See also 47Nxx]
46L65 Quantizations, deformations for selfadjoint oper- 46N10 Applications of functional analysis in optimiza-
ator algebras tion, convex analysis, mathematical programming,
economics
46L67 Quantum groups (operator algebraic aspects)
46N20 Applications of functional analysis to differential
46L70 Nonassociative selfadjoint operator algebras [See and integral equations
also 46H70, 46K70]
46N30 Applications of functional analysis in probability
46L80 K-theory and operator algebras (including cyclic theory and statistics
theory) [See also 18F25, 19Kxx, 46M20, 55Rxx,
58J22] 46N40 Applications of functional analysis in numerical
analysis [See also 65Jxx]
46L85 Noncommutative topology [See also 58B32,
46N50 Applications of functional analysis in quantum
58B34, 58J22]
physics
46L87 Noncommutative differential geometry [See also 46N55 Applications of functional analysis in statistical
58B32, 58B34, 58J22] physics
46L89 Other “noncommutative” mathematics based on 46N60 Applications of functional analysis in biology and
C ∗ -algebra theory [See also 58B32, 58B34, 58J22] other sciences

46L99 None of the above, but in this section 46N99 None of the above, but in this section

84

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46Sxx Other (nonclassical) types of func- 47-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
tional analysis [See also 47Sxx] ing to operator theory

46S05 Quaternionic functional analysis 47-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to operator theory
46S10 Functional analysis over fields other than R or
C or the quaternions; non-Archimedean functional 47-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
analysis [See also 12J25, 32P05] to operator theory

46S20 Nonstandard functional analysis [See also 03H05] 47-11 Research data for problems pertaining to operator
theory
46S30 Constructive functional analysis [See also 03F60]

46S40 Fuzzy functional analysis [See also 03E72] 47Axx General theory of linear operators
46S50 Functional analysis in probabilistic metric linear 47A05 General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses,
spaces domains, ranges, etc.)

46S60 Functional analysis on superspaces (supermani- 47A06 Linear relations (multivalued linear operators)
folds) or graded spaces [See also 58A50, 58C50] 47A07 Forms (bilinear, sesquilinear, multilinear)
46S99 None of the above, but in this section 47A08 Operator matrices [See also 47A13]
47A10 Spectrum, resolvent
46Txx Nonlinear functional analysis [See
also 47Hxx, 47Jxx, 58Cxx, 58Dxx] 47A11 Local spectral properties of linear operators
46T05 Infinite-dimensional manifolds [See also 53Axx, 47A12 Numerical range, numerical radius
57N20, 58Bxx, 58Dxx]
47A13 Several-variable operator theory (spectral, Fred-
46T10 Manifolds of mappings holm, etc.)
46T12 Measure (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.) and inte- 47A15 Invariant subspaces of linear operators [See also
grals (Feynman, path, Fresnel, etc.) on manifolds 47A46]
[See also 28Cxx, 46G12, 60-XX]
47A16 Cyclic vectors, hypercyclic and chaotic operators
46T20 Continuous and differentiable maps in nonlinear
47A20 Dilations, extensions, compressions of linear op-
functional analysis [See also 46G05]
erators
46T25 Holomorphic maps in nonlinear functional anal-
47A25 Spectral sets of linear operators
ysis [See also 46G20]
47A30 Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.)
46T30 Distributions and generalized functions on non-
of linear operators
linear spaces [See also 46Fxx]
47A35 Ergodic theory of linear operators [See also
46T99 None of the above, but in this section
28Dxx, 37Axx]
47A40 Scattering theory of linear operators [See also
47-XX Operator theory 34L25, 35P25, 37K15, 58J50, 81Uxx]
47-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 47A45 Canonical models for contractions and nonselfad-
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to operator theory joint linear operators
47-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 47A46 Chains (nests) of projections or of invariant sub-
pers, etc.) pertaining to operator theory spaces, integrals along chains, etc.
47-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 47A48 Operator colligations (= nodes), vessels, linear
pertaining to operator theory systems, characteristic functions, realizations, etc.
47-03 History of operator theory [Consider also classifi- 47A50 Equations and inequalities involving linear oper-
cation numbers pertaining to Section 01] ators, with vector unknowns

85

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47A52 Linear operators and ill-posed problems, regu- 47B07 Linear operators defined by compactness proper-
larization [See also 35R25, 47J06, 65F22, 65J20, ties
65L08, 65M30, 65R30]
47B10 Linear operators belonging to operator ideals
47A53 (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories [See (nuclear, p-summing, in the Schatten-von Neumann
also 58B15, 58J20] classes, etc.) [See also 47L20]

47A55 Perturbation theory of linear operators [See also 47B12 Sectorial operators
47H14, 58J37, 70H09, 81Q15] 47B13 Cowen-Douglas operators
47A56 Functions whose values are linear operators 47B15 Hermitian and normal operators (spectral mea-
(operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., in- sures, functional calculus, etc.)
cluding analytic and meromorphic ones)
47B20 Subnormal operators, hyponormal operators, etc.
47A57 Linear operator methods in interpolation, mo-
ment and extension problems [See also 30E05, 47B25 Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (un-
42A70, 42A82, 44A60] bounded)
47B28 Nonselfadjoint operators [See also 47A45, 81Q12]
47A58 Linear operator approximation theory
47B32 Linear operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert
47A60 Functional calculus for linear operators spaces (including de Branges, de Branges-Rovnyak,
47A62 Equations involving linear operators, with oper- and other structured spaces) [See also 46E22]
ator unknowns 47B33 Linear composition operators
47A63 Linear operator inequalities 47B34 Kernel operators
47A64 Operator means involving linear operators, 47B35 Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-
shorted linear operators, etc. Hopf operators {For other integral operators, see
also 45P05, 47G10} [See also 32A25, 32M15]
47A65 Structure theory of linear operators
47B36 Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matrices) and
47A66 Quasitriangular and nonquasitriangular, quasidi- generalizations
agonal and nonquasidiagonal linear operators
47B37 Linear operators on special spaces (weighted
47A67 Representation theory of linear operators shifts, operators on sequence spaces, etc.)
47A68 Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and 47B38 Linear operators on function spaces (general)
spectral factorizations) of linear operators
47B39 Linear difference operators [See also 39A70]
47A70 (Generalized) eigenfunction expansions of linear 47B40 Spectral operators, decomposable operators,
operators; rigged Hilbert spaces well-bounded operators, etc.
47A75 Eigenvalue problems for linear operators [See also 47B44 Linear accretive operators, dissipative operators,
47J10, 49R05] etc.
47A80 Tensor products of linear operators [See also 47B47 Commutators, derivations, elementary operators,
46M05] etc.
47A99 None of the above, but in this section 47B48 Linear operators on Banach algebras
47B49 Transformers, preservers (linear operators on
47Bxx Special classes of linear operators spaces of linear operators)
47B01 Operators on Banach spaces 47B50 Linear operators on spaces with an indefinite
metric [See also 46C20]
47B02 Operators on Hilbert spaces (general)
47B60 Linear operators on ordered spaces
47B06 Riesz operators; eigenvalue distributions; ap-
proximation numbers, s-numbers, Kolmogorov 47B65 Positive linear operators and order-bounded op-
numbers, entropy numbers, etc. of operators erators

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47B80 Random linear operators [See also 47H40, 60H25] 47Fxx Partial differential operators [See
also 35Pxx, 58Jxx]
47B90 Operator theory and harmonic analysis [See also
42-XX, 43-XX, 44-XX] 47F05 General theory of partial differential operators
(should also be assigned at least one other classifica-
47B91 Operators on complex function spaces tion number in Section 47) [See also 35Pxx, 58Jxx]
47B92 Operators on real function spaces 47F10 Elliptic operators and their generalizations {For
elliptic complexes, see 58J10}
47B93 Operators arising in mathematical physics
47F99 None of the above, but in this section
47B99 None of the above, but in this section

47Gxx Integral, integro-differential, and

47Cxx Individual linear operators as ele-
pseudodifferential operators [See also
ments of algebraic systems
58Jxx]
47C05 Linear operators in algebras
47G10 Integral operators [See also 45P05]
47C10 Linear operators in ∗ -algebras
47G20 Integro-differential operators [See also 34K30,
47C15 Linear operators in C ∗ - or von Neumann algebras 35R09, 35R10, 45Jxx, 45Kxx]

47C99 None of the above, but in this section 47G30 Pseudodifferential operators [See also 35Sxx,
58Jxx]
47Dxx Groups and semigroups of linear 47G40 Potential operators [See also 31-XX]
operators, their generalizations and appli-
47G99 None of the above, but in this section
cations
47D03 Groups and semigroups of linear operators [See 47Hxx Nonlinear operators and their
also 20M20] {For nonlinear operators, see 47H20} properties {For global and geometric
47D06 One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution aspects, see 49J53, 58-XX, especially
equations [See also 34G10, 34K30] 58Cxx}
47D07 Markov semigroups and applications to diffusion 47H04 Set-valued operators [See also 28B20, 54C60,
processes {For Markov processes, see 60Jxx} 58C06]

47D08 Schrödinger and Feynman-Kac semigroups 47H05 Monotone operators and generalizations

47D09 Operator sine and cosine functions and higher- 47H06 Nonlinear accretive operators, dissipative opera-
order Cauchy problems [See also 34G10] tors, etc.

47D60 C-semigroups, regularized semigroups 47H07 Monotone and positive operators on ordered Ba-
nach spaces or other ordered topological vector
47D62 Integrated semigroups spaces

47D99 None of the above, but in this section 47H08 Measures of noncompactness and condensing
mappings, K-set contractions, etc.
47Exx Ordinary differential operators [See 47H09 Contraction-type mappings, nonexpansive map-
also 34Bxx, 34Lxx] pings, A-proper mappings, etc.
47E05 General theory of ordinary differential operators 47H10 Fixed-point theorems [See also 37C25, 54H25,
(should also be assigned at least one other classifica- 55M20, 58C30]
tion number in Section 47) [See also 34Bxx, 34Lxx]
47H11 Degree theory for nonlinear operators [See also
47E07 Functional-differential and differential-difference 55M25, 58C30]
operators [See also 34K08]
47H14 Perturbations of nonlinear operators [See also
47E99 None of the above, but in this section 47A55, 58J37, 70H09, 70K60, 81Q15]

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47H20 Semigroups of nonlinear operators [See also 47Lxx Linear spaces and algebras of oper-
37L05, 47J35, 54H15, 58D07] ators [See also 46Lxx]
47H25 Nonlinear ergodic theorems [See also 28Dxx, 47L05 Linear spaces of operators [See also 46A32,
37Axx, 47A35] 46B28]
47H30 Particular nonlinear operators (superposition,
Hammerstein, Nemytskiı̆, Uryson, etc.) [See also 47L07 Convex sets and cones of operators [See also
45Gxx, 45P05] 46A55]

47H40 Random nonlinear operators [See also 47B80, 47L10 Algebras of operators on Banach spaces and other
60H25] topological linear spaces
47H60 Multilinear and polynomial operators [See also
46G25] 47L15 Operator algebras with symbol structure

47H99 None of the above, but in this section 47L20 Operator ideals [See also 47B10]

47Jxx Equations and inequalities involving 47L22 Ideals of polynomials and of multilinear mappings
nonlinear operators [See also 46Txx] {For in operator theory
global and geometric aspects, see 58-XX}
47L25 Operator spaces (= matricially normed spaces)
47J05 Equations involving nonlinear operators (general) [See also 46L07]
[See also 47H10, 47J25]
47J06 Nonlinear ill-posed problems [See also 35R25, 47L30 Abstract operator algebras on Hilbert spaces
47A52, 65F22, 65J20, 65L08, 65M30, 65R30]
47L35 Nest algebras, CSL algebras
47J07 Abstract inverse mapping and implicit function
theorems involving nonlinear operators [See also 47L40 Limit algebras, subalgebras of C ∗ -algebras
46T20, 58C15]
47J10 Nonlinear spectral theory, nonlinear eigenvalue 47L45 Dual algebras; weakly closed singly generated op-
problems [See also 49R05] erator algebras

47J15 Abstract bifurcation theory involving nonlinear 47L50 Dual spaces of operator algebras
operators [See also 34C23, 37Gxx, 58E07, 58E09]
47J20 Variational and other types of inequalities involv- 47L55 Representations of (nonselfadjoint) operator al-
ing nonlinear operators (general) [See also 49J40] gebras

47J22 Variational and other types of inclusions [See also 47L60 Algebras of unbounded operators; partial alge-
34A60, 49J21, 49K21] bras of operators
47J25 Iterative procedures involving nonlinear operators
[See also 47J26, 65J15] 47L65 Crossed product algebras (analytic crossed prod-
ucts)
47J26 Fixed-point iterations [See also 47J25]
47L70 Nonassociative nonselfadjoint operator algebras
47J30 Variational methods involving nonlinear opera-
tors [See also 58Exx]
47L75 Other nonselfadjoint operator algebras
47J35 Nonlinear evolution equations [See also 34G20,
35K90, 35L90, 35Qxx, 35R20, 37Kxx, 37Lxx, 47L80 Algebras of specific types of operators (Toeplitz,
47H20, 58D25] integral, pseudodifferential, etc.)
47J40 Equations with nonlinear hysteresis operators
47L90 Applications of operator algebras to the sciences
[See also 34C55, 74N30]
47J99 None of the above, but in this section 47L99 None of the above, but in this section

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47Nxx Miscellaneous applications of oper- 49-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
ator theory [See also 46Nxx] pertaining to calculus of variations and optimal con-
trol
47N10 Applications of operator theory in optimization,
convex analysis, mathematical programming, eco- 49-03 History of calculus of variations and optimal con-
nomics trol [Consider also classification numbers pertaining
to Section 01]
47N20 Applications of operator theory to differential
and integral equations 49-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to calculus of variations and optimal control
47N30 Applications of operator theory in probability
theory and statistics 49-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to calculus of variations and optimal control
47N40 Applications of operator theory in numerical
analysis [See also 65Jxx] 49-11 Research data for problems pertaining to calculus
of variations and optimal control
47N50 Applications of operator theory in the physical
sciences
49Jxx Existence theories in calculus of
47N60 Applications of operator theory in chemistry and variations and optimal control
life sciences
49J05 Existence theories for free problems in one inde-
47N70 Applications of operator theory in systems, sig- pendent variable
nals, circuits, and control theory
49J10 Existence theories for free problems in two or
47N99 None of the above, but in this section more independent variables
49J15 Existence theories for optimal control problems
47Sxx Other (nonclassical) types of oper- involving ordinary differential equations
ator theory [See also 46Sxx]
49J20 Existence theories for optimal control problems
47S05 Quaternionic operator theory involving partial differential equations
47S10 Operator theory over fields other than R, C or 49J21 Existence theories for optimal control problems
the quaternions; non-Archimedean operator theory involving relations other than differential equations
47S20 Nonstandard operator theory [See also 03H05] 49J27 Existence theories for problems in abstract spaces
[See also 90C48, 93C25]
47S30 Constructive operator theory [See also 03F60]
49J30 Existence of optimal solutions belonging to re-
47S40 Fuzzy operator theory [See also 03E72] stricted classes (Lipschitz controls, bang-bang con-
47S50 Operator theory in probabilistic metric linear trols, etc.)
spaces [See also 54E70] 49J35 Existence of solutions for minimax problems
47S99 None of the above, but in this section 49J40 Variational inequalities [See also 47J20]
49J45 Methods involving semicontinuity and conver-
49-XX Calculus of variations and gence; relaxation
optimal control; optimization [See 49J50 Fréchet and Gateaux differentiability in optimiza-
also 34H05, 34K35, 65Kxx, 90Cxx, tion [See also 46G05, 58C20]

93-XX] 49J52 Nonsmooth analysis [See also 46G05, 58C50,

90C56]
49-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
49J53 Set-valued and variational analysis [See also
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to calculus of vari-
28B20, 47H04, 54C60, 58C06]
ations and optimal control
49J55 Existence of optimal solutions to problems involv-
49-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
ing randomness [See also 93E20]
pers, etc.) pertaining to calculus of variations and
optimal control 49J99 None of the above, but in this section

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49Kxx Optimality conditions 49M27 Decomposition methods
49K05 Optimality conditions for free problems in one 49M29 Numerical methods involving duality
independent variable
49M37 Numerical methods based on nonlinear program-
49K10 Optimality conditions for free problems in two or ming [See also 65Kxx, 90C30]
more independent variables
49M41 PDE constrained optimization (numerical as-
49K15 Optimality conditions for problems involving or- pects)
dinary differential equations
49M99 None of the above, but in this section
49K20 Optimality conditions for problems involving
partial differential equations
49Nxx Miscellaneous topics in calculus of
49K21 Optimality conditions for problems involving re- variations and optimal control
lations other than differential equations
49N05 Linear optimal control problems [See also 93C05]
49K27 Optimality conditions for problems in abstract
49N10 Linear-quadratic optimal control problems
spaces [See also 90C48, 93C25]
49N15 Duality theory (optimization) [See also 90C46]
49K30 Optimality conditions for solutions belonging
to restricted classes (Lipschitz controls, bang-bang 49N20 Periodic optimal control problems
controls, etc.)
49N25 Impulsive optimal control problems
49K35 Optimality conditions for minimax problems
49N30 Problems with incomplete information (opti-
49K40 Sensitivity, stability, well-posedness [See also mization) [See also 93C41]
90C31]
49N35 Optimal feedback synthesis [See also 93B52]
49K45 Optimality conditions for problems involving
randomness [See also 93E20] 49N45 Inverse problems in optimal control

49K99 None of the above, but in this section 49N60 Regularity of solutions in optimal control

49N70 Differential games and control [See also 91A23]

49Lxx Hamilton-Jacobi theories [See also
70H20, 35F21] 49N75 Pursuit and evasion games [See also 91A24]

49L12 Hamilton-Jacobi equations in optimal control and 49N80 Mean field games and control [See also 91A16]
differential games
49N90 Applications of optimal control and differential
49L20 Dynamic programming in optimal control and games [See also 90C90, 91A80, 93C95]
differential games
49N99 None of the above, but in this section
49L25 Viscosity solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations
in optimal control and differential games 49Qxx Manifolds and measure-geometric
49L99 None of the above, but in this section topics [See also 58Exx]
49Q05 Minimal surfaces and optimization [See also
49Mxx Numerical methods in optimal con- 53A10, 58E12]
trol [See also 65Kxx, 90-08, 90Cxx] 49Q10 Optimization of shapes other than minimal sur-
49M05 Numerical methods based on necessary condi- faces [See also 90C90]
tions
49Q12 Sensitivity analysis for optimization problems on
49M15 Newton-type methods [See also 90C53] manifolds

49M20 Numerical methods of relaxation type 49Q15 Geometric measure and integration theory, inte-
gral and normal currents in optimization [See also
49M25 Discrete approximations in optimal control 28A75, 32C30, 58A25, 58C35]

90

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49Q20 Variational problems in a geometric measure- 51Axx Linear incidence geometry
theoretic setting
51A05 General theory of linear incidence geometry and
49Q22 Optimal transportation [See also 90B06] projective geometries

49Q99 None of the above, but in this section 51A10 Homomorphism, automorphism and dualities in
linear incidence geometry
49Rxx Variational methods for eigenval-
ues of operators (should also be assigned 51A15 Linear incidence geometric structures with par-
at least one other classification number in allelism
Section 49) [See also 47A75] 51A20 Configuration theorems in linear incidence geom-
49R05 Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators etry
(should also be assigned at least one other classifi-
cation number in Section 49) [See also 47A75] 51A25 Algebraization in linear incidence geometry [See
also 12Kxx, 20N05]
49R99 None of the above, but in this section
51A30 Desarguesian and Pappian geometries
49Sxx Variational principles of physics
(should also be assigned at least one other 51A35 Non-Desarguesian affine and projective planes
classification number in Section 49)
51A40 Translation planes and spreads in linear inci-
49S05 Variational principles of physics (should also be dence geometry
assigned at least one other classification number in
Section 49) 51A45 Incidence structures embeddable into projective
geometries
49S99 None of the above, but in this section
51A50 Polar geometry, symplectic spaces, orthogonal
spaces
51-XX Geometry {For algebraic ge-
ometry, see 14-XX; for differential 51A99 None of the above, but in this section
geometry, see 53-XX}
51Bxx Nonlinear incidence geometry
51-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to geometry 51B05 General theory of nonlinear incidence geometry
51-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
51B10 Möbius geometries
pers, etc.) pertaining to geometry

51-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 51B15 Laguerre geometries

pertaining to geometry
51B20 Minkowski geometries in nonlinear incidence ge-
51-03 History of geometry [Consider also classification ometry
numbers pertaining to Section 01]
51B25 Lie geometries in nonlinear incidence geometry
51-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to geometry
51B99 None of the above, but in this section
51-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to geometry
51Cxx Ring geometry (Hjelmslev, Barbil-
51-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining ian, etc.)
to geometry
51C05 Ring geometry (Hjelmslev, Barbilian, etc.)
51-11 Research data for problems pertaining to geome-
try 51C99 None of the above, but in this section

91

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51Dxx Geometric closure systems 51Fxx Metric geometry
51D05 Abstract (Maeda) geometries 51F05 Absolute planes in metric geometry

51D10 Abstract geometries with exchange axiom 51F10 Absolute spaces in metric geometry

51D15 Abstract geometries with parallelism 51F15 Reflection groups, reflection geometries [See also
20H10, 20H15] {For Coxeter groups, see 20F55}
51D20 Combinatorial geometries and geometric closure
systems [See also 05B25, 05B35] 51F20 Congruence and orthogonality in metric geome-
try [See also 20H05]
51D25 Lattices of subspaces and geometric closure sys-
51F25 Orthogonal and unitary groups in metric geome-
tems [See also 05B35]
try [See also 20H05]
51D30 Continuous geometries, geometric closure sys- 51F30 Lipschitz and coarse geometry of metric spaces
tems and related topics [See also 06Cxx] [See also 53C23]
51D99 None of the above, but in this section 51F99 None of the above, but in this section

51Exx Finite geometry and special inci- 51Gxx Ordered geometries (ordered inci-
dence structures dence structures, etc.)
51E05 General block designs in finite geometry [See also 51G05 Ordered geometries (ordered incidence struc-
05B05] tures, etc.)

51E10 Steiner systems in finite geometry [See also 51G99 None of the above, but in this section
05B05]
51Hxx Topological geometry
51E12 Generalized quadrangles and generalized poly-
gons in finite geometry 51H05 General theory of topological geometry

51E14 Finite partial geometries (general), nets, partial 51H10 Topological linear incidence structures
spreads
51H15 Topological nonlinear incidence structures
51E15 Finite affine and projective planes (geometric as-
51H20 Topological geometries on manifolds [See also 57-
pects)
XX]
51E20 Combinatorial structures in finite projective
51H25 Geometries with differentiable structure [See also
spaces [See also 05Bxx]
53Cxx, especially 53C70]
51E21 Blocking sets, ovals, k-arcs 51H30 Geometries with algebraic manifold structure
[See also 14-XX]
51E22 Linear codes and caps in Galois spaces [See also
94B05] 51H99 None of the above, but in this section

51E23 Spreads and packing problems in finite geometry

51Jxx Incidence groups
51E24 Buildings and the geometry of diagrams
51J05 General theory of incidence groups
51E25 Other finite nonlinear geometries 51J10 Projective incidence groups
51E26 Other finite linear geometries 51J15 Kinematic spaces
51E30 Other finite incidence structures (geometric as- 51J20 Representation by near-fields and near-algebras
pects) [See also 05B30] [See also 12K05, 16Y30]

51E99 None of the above, but in this section 51J99 None of the above, but in this section

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51Kxx Distance geometry 51Nxx Analytic and descriptive geometry
51K05 General theory of distance geometry 51N05 Descriptive geometry [See also 65D17, 68U07]

51K10 Synthetic differential geometry 51N10 Affine analytic geometry

51N15 Projective analytic geometry
51K99 None of the above, but in this section
51N20 Euclidean analytic geometry

51Lxx Geometric order structures [See 51N25 Analytic geometry with other transformation
also 53C75] groups
51N30 Geometry of classical groups [See also 14L35,
51L05 Geometry of orders of nondifferentiable curves
20Gxx]
51L10 Directly differentiable curves in geometric order 51N35 Questions of classical algebraic geometry [See
structures also 14Nxx]
51L15 n-vertex theorems via direct methods 51N99 None of the above, but in this section

51L20 Geometry of orders of surfaces 51Pxx Classical or axiomatic geometry

51L99 None of the above, but in this section and physics (should also be assigned at
least one other classification number from
Sections 70–86)
51Mxx Real and complex geometry
51P05 Classical or axiomatic geometry and physics
51M04 Elementary problems in Euclidean geometries (should also be assigned at least one other classi-
fication number from Sections 70–86)
51M05 Euclidean geometries (general) and generaliza-
tions 51P99 None of the above, but in this section

51M09 Elementary problems in hyperbolic and elliptic

geometries 52-XX Convex and discrete geome-
try
51M10 Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and
generalizations 52-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to convex and dis-
51M15 Geometric constructions in real or complex ge- crete geometry
ometry
52-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
51M16 Inequalities and extremum problems in real pers, etc.) pertaining to convex and discrete geom-
or complex geometry {For convex problems, see etry
52A40}
52-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
51M20 Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, divi- pertaining to convex and discrete geometry
sion of spaces [See also 51F15] 52-03 History of convex and discrete geometry [Consider
also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
51M25 Length, area and volume in real or complex ge-
ometry [See also 26B15] 52-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to convex and discrete geometry
51M30 Line geometries and their generalizations [See
also 53A25] 52-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to convex and discrete geometry
51M35 Synthetic treatment of fundamental manifolds in 52-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
projective geometries (Grassmannians, Veronesians to convex and discrete geometry
and their generalizations) [See also 14M15]
52-11 Research data for problems pertaining to convex
51M99 None of the above, but in this section and discrete geometry

93

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52Axx General convexity 52Bxx Polytopes and polyhedra
52A01 Axiomatic and generalized convexity 52B05 Combinatorial properties of polytopes and poly-
hedra (number of faces, shortest paths, etc.) [See
52A05 Convex sets without dimension restrictions (as- also 05Cxx]
pects of convex geometry)
52B10 Three-dimensional polytopes
52A07 Convex sets in topological vector spaces (aspects 52B11 n-dimensional polytopes
of convex geometry) [See also 46A55]
52B12 Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally
52A10 Convex sets in 2 dimensions (including convex symmetric, etc.)
curves) [See also 53A04] 52B15 Symmetry properties of polytopes

52A15 Convex sets in 3 dimensions (including convex 52B20 Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including
surfaces) [See also 53A05, 53C45] relations with commutative algebra and algebraic
geometry) [See also 06A11, 13F20, 13F55, 13Hxx,
52A20 Convex sets in n dimensions (including convex 52C05, 52C07]
hypersurfaces) [See also 53A07, 53C45]
52B22 Shellability for polytopes and polyhedra
52A21 Convexity and finite-dimensional Banach spaces 52B35 Gale and other diagrams
(including special norms, zonoids, etc.) (aspects of
convex geometry) [See also 46Bxx] 52B40 Matroids in convex geometry (realizations in the
context of convex polytopes, convexity in combina-
52A22 Random convex sets and integral geometry (as- torial structures, etc.) [See also 05B35, 52Cxx]
pects of convex geometry) [See also 53C65, 60D05] 52B45 Dissections and valuations (Hilbert’s third prob-
lem, etc.)
52A23 Asymptotic theory of convex bodies [See also
46B06] 52B55 Computational aspects related to convexity {For
computational methods, see 52-08; for computa-
52A27 Approximation by convex sets tional geometry and algorithms, see 68Q25, 68U05;
for numerical algorithms, see 65Yxx} [See also
52A30 Variants of convex sets (star-shaped, (m, n)- 68Uxx]
convex, etc.)
52B60 Isoperimetric problems for polytopes
52A35 Helly-type theorems and geometric transversal 52B70 Polyhedral manifolds
theory
52B99 None of the above, but in this section
52A37 Other problems of combinatorial convexity
52Cxx Discrete geometry
52A38 Length, area, volume and convex sets (aspects of
convex geometry) [See also 26B15, 28A75, 49Q20] 52C05 Lattices and convex bodies in 2 dimensions (as-
pects of discrete geometry) [See also 11H06, 11H31,
11P21]
52A39 Mixed volumes and related topics in convex ge-
ometry 52C07 Lattices and convex bodies in n dimensions (as-
pects of discrete geometry) [See also 11H06, 11H31,
52A40 Inequalities and extremum problems involving 11P21]
convexity in convex geometry
52C10 Erdős problems and related topics of discrete ge-
52A41 Convex functions and convex programs in convex ometry [See also 11Hxx]
geometry [See also 26B25, 90C25]
52C15 Packing and covering in 2 dimensions (aspects of
discrete geometry) [See also 05B40, 11H31]
52A55 Spherical and hyperbolic convexity
52C17 Packing and covering in n dimensions (aspects of
52A99 None of the above, but in this section discrete geometry) [See also 05B40, 11H31]

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52C20 Tilings in 2 dimensions (aspects of discrete ge- 53Axx Classical differential geometry
ometry) [See also 05B45, 51M20]
53A04 Curves in Euclidean and related spaces
52C22 Tilings in n dimensions (aspects of discrete ge-
53A05 Surfaces in Euclidean and related spaces
ometry) [See also 05B45, 51M20]
53A07 Higher-dimensional and -codimensional surfaces
52C23 Quasicrystals and aperiodic tilings in discrete ge- in Euclidean and related n-spaces
ometry
53A10 Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, sur-
52C25 Rigidity and flexibility of structures (aspects of faces with prescribed mean curvature [See also
discrete geometry) [See also 70B15] 49Q05, 49Q10, 53C42]
52C26 Circle packings and discrete conformal geometry 53A15 Affine differential geometry

52C30 Planar arrangements of lines and pseudolines (as- 53A17 Differential geometric aspects in kinematics
pects of discrete geometry)
53A20 Projective differential geometry
52C35 Arrangements of points, flats, hyperplanes (as-
53A25 Differential line geometry
pects of discrete geometry) [See also 14N20, 32S22]
53A31 Differential geometry of submanifolds of Möbius
52C40 Oriented matroids in discrete geometry
space
52C45 Combinatorial complexity of geometric struc- 53A35 Non-Euclidean differential geometry
tures [See also 68U05]
53A40 Other special differential geometries
52C99 None of the above, but in this section
53A45 Differential geometric aspects in vector and ten-
sor analysis
53-XX Differential geometry {For
53A55 Differential invariants (local theory), geometric
differential topology, see 57Rxx; for objects
foundational questions of differen- 53A60 Differential geometry of webs [See also 14C21,
tiable manifolds, see 58Axx} 20N05]

53-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 53A70 Discrete differential geometry
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to differential ge- 53A99 None of the above, but in this section
ometry

53-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 53Bxx Local differential geometry
pers, etc.) pertaining to differential geometry 53B05 Linear and affine connections
53-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 53B10 Projective connections
pertaining to differential geometry
53B12 Differential geometric aspects of statistical man-
53-03 History of differential geometry [Consider also ifolds and information geometry
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
53B15 Other connections
53-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to differential geometry 53B20 Local Riemannian geometry
53B21 Methods of local Riemannian geometry
53-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to differential geometry 53B25 Local submanifolds [See also 53C40]
53-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining 53B30 Local differential geometry of Lorentz metrics,
to differential geometry indefinite metrics
53-11 Research data for problems pertaining to differen- 53B35 Local differential geometry of Hermitian and
tial geometry Kählerian structures [See also 32Qxx]

95

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53B40 Local differential geometry of Finsler spaces and 53C30 Differential geometry of homogeneous manifolds
generalizations (areal metrics) [See also 14M15, 14M17, 32M10, 57T15]
53B50 Applications of local differential geometry to the
sciences 53C35 Differential geometry of symmetric spaces [See
also 32M15, 57T15]
53B99 None of the above, but in this section

53Cxx Global differential geometry [See 53C38 Calibrations and calibrated geometries
also 51H25, 58-XX] {For related bundle
theory, see 55Rxx, 57Rxx} 53C40 Global submanifolds [See also 53B25]
53C05 Connections, general theory
53C07 Special connections and metrics on vector 53C42 Differential geometry of immersions (minimal,
bundles (Hermite-Einstein, Yang-Mills) [See also prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) [See also 49Q05,
32Q20] 49Q10, 53A10, 57R40, 57R42]

53C08 Differential geometric aspects of gerbes and dif-

ferential characters 53C43 Differential geometric aspects of harmonic maps
[See also 58E20]
53C10 G-structures
53C12 Foliations (differential geometric aspects) [See 53C45 Global surface theory (convex surfaces à la A. D.
also 57R30, 57R32] Aleksandrov)
53C15 General geometric structures on manifolds (al-
most complex, almost product structures, etc.) 53C50 Global differential geometry of Lorentz mani-
folds, manifolds with indefinite metrics
53C17 Sub-Riemannian geometry
53C18 Conformal structures on manifolds
53C55 Global differential geometry of Hermitian and
53C20 Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching Kählerian manifolds [See also 32Qxx]
[See also 31C12, 58B20]
53C21 Methods of global Riemannian geometry, includ- 53C56 Other complex differential geometry [See also
ing PDE methods; curvature restrictions [See also 32Qxx]
58J60]
53C22 Geodesics in global differential geometry [See also 53C60 Global differential geometry of Finsler spaces and
58E10] generalizations (areal metrics) [See also 58B20]
53C23 Global geometric and topological methods (à la
Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric 53C65 Integral geometry [See also 52A22, 60D05]; dif-
spaces ferential forms, currents, etc. [See mainly 58Axx]
53C24 Rigidity results
53C70 Direct methods (G-spaces of Busemann, etc.)
53C25 Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein,
Sasakian, etc.)
53C75 Geometric orders, order geometry [See also
53C26 Hyper-Kähler and quaternionic Kähler geometry,
51Lxx]
“special” geometry
53C27 Spin and Spinc geometry
53C80 Applications of global differential geometry to
53C28 Twistor methods in differential geometry [See the sciences
also 32L25]
53C29 Issues of holonomy in differential geometry 53C99 None of the above, but in this section

96

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53Dxx Symplectic geometry, contact ge- 53Zxx Applications of differential geome-
ometry [See also 37Jxx, 70Gxx, 70Hxx] try to sciences and engineering
53D05 Symplectic manifolds, general
53Z05 Applications of differential geometry to physics
53D10 Contact manifolds, general

53D12 Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index 53Z10 Applications of differential geometry to biology

53D15 Almost contact and almost symplectic manifolds

53Z15 Applications of differential geometry to chemistry
53D17 Poisson manifolds; Poisson groupoids and alge-
broids
53Z30 Applications of differential geometry to engineer-
53D18 Generalized geometries (à la Hitchin) ing

53D20 Momentum maps; symplectic reduction

53Z50 Applications of differential geometry to data and
53D22 Canonical transformations in symplectic and computer science
contact geometry

53D25 Geodesic flows in symplectic geometry and con- 53Z99 None of the above, but in this section
tact geometry

53D30 Symplectic structures of moduli spaces

53D35 Global theory of symplectic and contact mani- 54-XX General topology {For the
folds [See also 57Rxx] topology of manifolds of all dimen-
53D37 Symplectic aspects of mirror symmetry, homo- sions, see 57Nxx}
logical mirror symmetry, and Fukaya category [See
also 14J33] 54-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to general topology
53D40 Symplectic aspects of Floer homology and coho-
mology
54-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
53D42 Symplectic field theory; contact homology
pers, etc.) pertaining to general topology
53D45 Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomol-
ogy, Frobenius manifolds [See also 14N35] 54-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
53D50 Geometric quantization pertaining to general topology

53D55 Deformation quantization, star products

54-03 History of general topology [Consider also classi-
53D99 None of the above, but in this section fication numbers pertaining to Section 01]

53Exx Geometric evolution equations 54-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
53E10 Flows related to mean curvature ing to general topology

53E20 Ricci flows

54-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
53E30 Flows related to complex manifolds (e.g., Kähler- taining to general topology
Ricci flows, Chern-Ricci flows)

53E40 Higher-order geometric flows 54-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to general topology
53E50 Flows related to symplectic and contact struc-
tures
54-11 Research data for problems pertaining to general
53E99 None of the above, but in this section topology

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54Axx Generalities in topology 54C20 Extension of maps
54A05 Topological spaces and generalizations (closure 54C25 Embedding
spaces, etc.)
54C30 Real-valued functions in general topology [See
54A10 Several topologies on one set (change of topology, also 26-XX]
comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies)
54C35 Function spaces in general topology [See also
54A15 Syntopogeneous structures 46Exx, 58D15]

54A20 Convergence in general topology (sequences, fil- 54C40 Algebraic properties of function spaces in general
ters, limits, convergence spaces, nets, etc.) topology [See also 46J10]

54A25 Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and in- 54C45 C- and C ∗ -embedding
equalities, discrete subsets) [See also 03Exx] {For
54C50 Topology of special sets defined by functions [See
ultrafilters, see 54D80}
also 26A21]
54A35 Consistency and independence results in general
54C55 Absolute neighborhood extensor, absolute exten-
topology [See also 03E35]
sor, absolute neighborhood retract (ANR), absolute
54A40 Fuzzy topology [See also 03E72] retract spaces (general properties) [See also 55M15]

54A99 None of the above, but in this section 54C56 Shape theory in general topology [See also 55P55,
57N25]
54Bxx Basic constructions in general 54C60 Set-valued maps in general topology [See also
topology 26E25, 28B20, 47H04, 58C06]

54B05 Subspaces in general topology 54C65 Selections in general topology [See also 28B20]

54B10 Product spaces in general topology 54C70 Entropy in general topology

54B15 Quotient spaces, decompositions in general 54C99 None of the above, but in this section
topology
54Dxx Fairly general properties of topo-
54B17 Adjunction spaces and similar constructions in
general topology logical spaces
54D05 Connected and locally connected spaces (general
54B20 Hyperspaces in general topology
aspects)
54B30 Categorical methods in general topology [See also
54D10 Lower separation axioms (T0 –T3 , etc.)
18F60]
54D15 Higher separation axioms (completely regular,
54B35 Spectra in general topology normal, perfectly or collectionwise normal, etc.)
54B40 Presheaves and sheaves in general topology [See 54D20 Noncompact covering properties (paracompact,
also 18F20] Lindelöf, etc.)
54B99 None of the above, but in this section 54D25 “P -minimal” and “P -closed” spaces

54Cxx Maps and general types of topolog- 54D30 Compactness

ical spaces defined by maps 54D35 Extensions of spaces (compactifications, super-
compactifications, completions, etc.)
54C05 Continuous maps
54D40 Remainders in general topology
54C08 Weak and generalized continuity
54D45 Local compactness, σ-compactness
54C10 Special maps on topological spaces (open, closed,
perfect, etc.) 54D50 k-spaces
54C15 Retraction 54D55 Sequential spaces

98

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54D60 Realcompactness and realcompactification 54F50 Topological spaces of dimension ≤ 1; curves, den-
drites [See also 26A03]
54D65 Separability of topological spaces
54F55 Unicoherence, multicoherence
54D70 Base properties of topological spaces
54F65 Topological characterizations of particular spaces
54D80 Special constructions of topological spaces
(spaces of ultrafilters, etc.) 54F99 None of the above, but in this section

54D99 None of the above, but in this section

54Gxx Peculiar topological spaces
54Exx Topological spaces with richer 54G05 Extremally disconnected spaces, F -spaces, etc.
structures 54G10 P -spaces
54E05 Proximity structures and generalizations 54G12 Scattered spaces
54E15 Uniform structures and generalizations 54G15 Pathological topological spaces
54E17 Nearness spaces 54G20 Counterexamples in general topology
54E18 p-spaces, M -spaces, σ-spaces, etc. 54G99 None of the above, but in this section
54E20 Stratifiable spaces, cosmic spaces, etc.
54Hxx Connections of general topology
54E25 Semimetric spaces with other structures, applications
54E30 Moore spaces 54H05 Descriptive set theory (topological aspects of
Borel, analytic, projective, etc. sets) [See also
54E35 Metric spaces, metrizability
03E15, 26A21, 28A05]
54E40 Special maps on metric spaces 54H10 Topological representations of algebraic systems
54E45 Compact (locally compact) metric spaces [See also 22-XX]

54E50 Complete metric spaces 54H11 Topological groups (topological aspects) [See also
22A05]
54E52 Baire category, Baire spaces
54H12 Topological lattices, etc. (topological aspects)
54E55 Bitopologies [See also 06B30, 06F30]

54E70 Probabilistic metric spaces 54H13 Topological fields, rings, etc. (topological as-
pects) [See also 12Jxx] {For algebraic aspects, see
54E99 None of the above, but in this section 13Jxx, 16W80}

54Fxx Special properties of topological 54H15 Transformation groups and semigroups (topolog-
ical aspects) [See also 20M20, 22-XX, 57Sxx]
spaces
54H25 Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topologi-
54F05 Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized
cal aspects) [See also 47H10, 55M20]
ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces [See
also 06B30, 06F30] 54H30 Applications of general topology to computer sci-
ence (e.g., digital topology, image processing) [See
54F15 Continua and generalizations also 68U03]
54F16 Hyperspaces of continua 54H99 None of the above, but in this section
54F17 Inverse limits of set-valued functions
54Jxx Nonstandard topology [See also
54F35 Higher-dimensional local connectedness [See also
55Mxx, 55Nxx]
03H05]
54J05 Nonstandard topology [See also 03H05]
54F45 Dimension theory in general topology [See also
55M10] 54J99 None of the above, but in this section

99

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55-XX Algebraic topology 55N15 Topological K-theory [See also 19Lxx] {For alge-
braic K-theory, see 18F25, 19-XX}
55-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to algebraic topol- 55N20 Generalized (extraordinary) homology and coho-
ogy mology theories in algebraic topology

55-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 55N22 Bordism and cobordism theories and formal
pers, etc.) pertaining to algebraic topology group laws in algebraic topology [See also 14L05,
19L41, 57R75, 57R77, 57R85, 57R90]
55-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to algebraic topology 55N25 Homology with local coefficients, equivariant co-
homology
55-03 History of algebraic topology [Consider also clas-
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01] 55N30 Sheaf cohomology in algebraic topology [See also
18F20, 32C35, 32L10]
55-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to algebraic topology 55N31 Persistent homology and applications, topologi-
cal data analysis [See also 62R40, 68T09]
55-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to algebraic topology 55N32 Orbifold cohomology
55N33 Intersection homology and cohomology in alge-
55-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
braic topology
to algebraic topology
55N34 Elliptic cohomology
55-11 Research data for problems pertaining to algebraic
topology 55N35 Other homology theories in algebraic topology
55N40 Axioms for homology theory and uniqueness the-
55Mxx Classical topics in algebraic topol- orems in algebraic topology
ogy {For the topology of Euclidean spaces
and manifolds, see 57Nxx} 55N45 Products and intersections in homology and co-
homology
55M05 Duality in algebraic topology
55N91 Equivariant homology and cohomology in alge-
55M10 Dimension theory in algebraic topology [See also braic topology [See also 19L47]
54F45]
55N99 None of the above, but in this section
55M15 Absolute neighborhood retracts [See also 54C55]
55M20 Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topol- 55Pxx Homotopy theory {For simple ho-
ogy [See also 54H25] motopy type, see 57Q10}
55M25 Degree, winding number 55P05 Homotopy extension properties, cofibrations in
algebraic topology
55M30 Lyusternik-Shnirel’man category of a space,
topological complexity à la Farber, topological 55P10 Homotopy equivalences in algebraic topology
robotics (topological aspects) 55P15 Classification of homotopy type
55M35 Finite groups of transformations in algebraic 55P20 Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces
topology (including Smith theory) [See also 57S17]
55P25 Spanier-Whitehead duality
55M99 None of the above, but in this section
55P30 Eckmann-Hilton duality
55Nxx Homology and cohomology theories 55P35 Loop spaces
in algebraic topology [See also 57Txx]
55P40 Suspensions
55N05 Čech types
55P42 Stable homotopy theory, spectra
55N07 Steenrod-Sitnikov homologies
55P43 Spectra with additional structure (E∞ , A∞ , ring
55N10 Singular homology and cohomology theory spectra, etc.)

100

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55P45 H-spaces and duals 55Rxx Fiber spaces and bundles in al-
gebraic topology [See also 18F15, 32Lxx,
55P47 Infinite loop spaces
46M20, 57R20, 57R22, 57R25]
55P48 Loop space machines and operads in algebraic
topology [See also 18Mxx] 55R05 Fiber spaces in algebraic topology

55P50 String topology 55R10 Fiber bundles in algebraic topology

55P55 Shape theory [See also 54C56, 55Q07] 55R12 Transfer for fiber spaces and bundles in algebraic
55P57 Proper homotopy theory topology

55P60 Localization and completion in homotopy theory 55R15 Classification of fiber spaces or bundles in alge-
braic topology
55P62 Rational homotopy theory

55P65 Homotopy functors in algebraic topology 55R20 Spectral sequences and homology of fiber spaces
in algebraic topology [See also 55Txx]
55P91 Equivariant homotopy theory in algebraic topol-
ogy [See also 19L47] 55R25 Sphere bundles and vector bundles in algebraic
topology
55P92 Relations between equivariant and nonequivari-
ant homotopy theory in algebraic topology
55R35 Classifying spaces of groups and H-spaces in al-
55P99 None of the above, but in this section gebraic topology

55R37 Maps between classifying spaces in algebraic

55Qxx Homotopy groups topology
55Q05 Homotopy groups, general; sets of homotopy
classes 55R40 Homology of classifying spaces and characteris-
tic classes in algebraic topology [See also 57Txx,
55Q07 Shape groups 57R20]
55Q10 Stable homotopy groups
55R45 Homology and homotopy of BO and BU; Bott
55Q15 Whitehead products and generalizations periodicity

55Q20 Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and simple 55R50 Stable classes of vector space bundles in algebraic
spaces topology and relations to K-theory [See also 19Lxx]
55Q25 Hopf invariants {For algebraic K-theory, see 18F25, 19-XX}

55Q35 Operations in homotopy groups 55R55 Fiberings with singularities in algebraic topology

55Q40 Homotopy groups of spheres 55R60 Microbundles and block bundles in algebraic
55Q45 Stable homotopy of spheres topology [See also 57N55, 57Q50]

55Q50 J-morphism [See also 19L20] 55R65 Generalizations of fiber spaces and bundles in al-
gebraic topology
55Q51 vn -periodicity

55Q52 Homotopy groups of special spaces 55R70 Fibrewise topology

55Q55 Cohomotopy groups 55R80 Discriminantal varieties and configuration spaces

in algebraic topology
55Q70 Homotopy groups of special types [See also
55N05, 55N07] 55R91 Equivariant fiber spaces and bundles in algebraic
55Q91 Equivariant homotopy groups [See also 19L47] topology [See also 19L47]

55Q99 None of the above, but in this section 55R99 None of the above, but in this section

101

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55Sxx Operations and obstructions in al- 55Uxx Applied homological algebra and
gebraic topology category theory in algebraic topology [See
55S05 Primary cohomology operations in algebraic
also 18Gxx]
topology 55U05 Abstract complexes in algebraic topology

55S10 Steenrod algebra 55U10 Simplicial sets and complexes in algebraic topol-
ogy
55S12 Dyer-Lashof operations
55U15 Chain complexes in algebraic topology
55S15 Symmetric products and cyclic products in alge-
braic topology 55U20 Universal coefficient theorems, Bockstein opera-
tor
55S20 Secondary and higher cohomology operations in
algebraic topology 55U25 Homology of a product, Künneth formula

55U30 Duality in applied homological algebra and cat-

55S25 K-theory operations and generalized cohomology
egory theory (aspects of algebraic topology)
operations in algebraic topology [See also 19D55,
19Lxx] 55U35 Abstract and axiomatic homotopy theory in al-
gebraic topology
55S30 Massey products
55U40 Topological categories, foundations of homotopy
55S35 Obstruction theory in algebraic topology theory
55S36 Extension and compression of mappings in alge- 55U99 None of the above, but in this section
braic topology

55S37 Classification of mappings in algebraic topology 57-XX Manifolds and cell com-
55S40 Sectioning fiber spaces and bundles in algebraic plexes {For complex manifolds, see
topology 32Qxx}
55S45 Postnikov systems, k-invariants 57-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to manifolds and
55S91 Equivariant operations and obstructions in alge- cell complexes
braic topology [See also 19L47]
57-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
55S99 None of the above, but in this section pers, etc.) pertaining to manifolds and cell com-
plexes
55Txx Spectral sequences in algebraic 57-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
topology [See also 18G40, 55R20] pertaining to manifolds and cell complexes
55T05 General theory of spectral sequences in algebraic 57-03 History of manifolds and cell complexes [Consider
topology also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
55T10 Serre spectral sequences 57-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to manifolds and cell complexes
55T15 Adams spectral sequences
57-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
55T20 Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences [See also taining to manifolds and cell complexes
57T35]
57-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
55T25 Generalized cohomology and spectral sequences to manifolds and cell complexes
in algebraic topology
57-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mani-
55T99 None of the above, but in this section folds and cell complexes

102

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57Kxx Low-dimensional topology in spe- 57M30 Wild embeddings
cific dimensions
57M50 General geometric structures on low-dimensional
57K10 Knot theory manifolds

57K12 Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, 57M60 Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes
quandles, etc.) in low dimensions
57K14 Knot polynomials 57M99 None of the above, but in this section
57K16 Finite-type and quantum invariants, topological
quantum field theories (TQFT) 57Nxx Topological manifolds
57K18 Homology theories in knot theory (Khovanov, 57N16 Geometric structures on manifolds of high or ar-
Heegaard-Floer, etc.) bitrary dimension [See also 57M50]

57K20 2-dimensional topology (including mapping class 57N17 Topology of topological vector spaces
groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve com-
57N20 Topology of infinite-dimensional manifolds [See
plexes, etc.)
also 58Bxx]
57K30 General topology of 3-manifolds
57N25 Shapes (aspects of topological manifolds) [See
57K31 Invariants of 3-manifolds (also skein modules; also 54C56, 55P55, 55Q07]
character varieties)
57N30 Engulfing in topological manifolds
57K32 Hyperbolic 3-manifolds
57N35 Embeddings and immersions in topological man-
57K33 Contact structures in 3 dimensions [See also ifolds
57R17]
57N37 Isotopy and pseudo-isotopy
57K35 Other geometric structures on 3-manifolds
57N40 Neighborhoods of submanifolds
57K40 General topology of 4-manifolds
57N45 Flatness and tameness of topological manifolds
57K41 Invariants of 4-manifolds (e.g., Donaldson and
Seiberg-Witten invariants) 57N50 S n−1 ⊂ E n , Schoenflies problem

57K43 Symplectic structures in 4 dimensions [See also 57N55 Microbundles and block bundles [See also 55R60,
57R17] 57Q50]

57K45 Higher-dimensional knots and links 57N60 Cellularity in topological manifolds

57K50 Low-dimensional manifolds of specific dimension 57N65 Algebraic topology of manifolds

5 or higher
57N70 Cobordism and concordance in topological man-
57K99 None of the above, but in this section ifolds

57N75 General position and transversality

57Mxx General low-dimensional topology
57N80 Stratifications in topological manifolds
57M05 Fundamental group, presentations, free differen-
tial calculus 57N99 None of the above, but in this section
57M07 Topological methods in group theory
57Pxx Generalized manifolds [See also
57M10 Covering spaces and low-dimensional topology 18F15]
57M12 Low-dimensional topology of special (e.g., 57P05 Local properties of generalized manifolds
branched) coverings
57P10 Poincaré duality spaces
57M15 Relations of low-dimensional topology with
graph theory [See also 05Cxx] 57P99 None of the above, but in this section

103

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57Qxx PL-topology 57R20 Characteristic classes and numbers in differential
topology
57Q05 General topology of complexes
57R22 Topology of vector bundles and fiber bundles [See
57Q10 Simple homotopy type, Whitehead torsion, also 55Rxx]
Reidemeister-Franz torsion, etc. [See also 19B28]
57R25 Vector fields, frame fields in differential topology
57Q12 Wall finiteness obstruction for CW-complexes
57R27 Controllability of vector fields on C ∞ and real-
57Q15 Triangulating manifolds analytic manifolds [See also 49Qxx, 37C10, 93B05]

57Q20 Cobordism in PL-topology 57R30 Foliations in differential topology; geometric the-

ory [See also 53C12]
57Q25 Comparison of PL-structures: classification,
Hauptvermutung 57R32 Classifying spaces for foliations; Gelfand-Fuks
cohomology [See also 58H10]
57Q30 Engulfing
57R35 Differentiable mappings in differential topology
57Q35 Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology 57R40 Embeddings in differential topology
57Q37 Isotopy in PL-topology 57R42 Immersions in differential topology
57Q40 Regular neighborhoods in PL-topology 57R45 Singularities of differentiable mappings in differ-
ential topology
57Q50 Microbundles and block bundles [See also 55R60,
57N55] 57R50 Differential topological aspects of diffeomor-
phisms
57Q55 Approximations in PL-topology
57R52 Isotopy in differential topology
57Q60 Cobordism and concordance in PL-topology
57R55 Differentiable structures in differential topology
57Q65 General position and transversality 57R56 Topological quantum field theories (aspects of
differential topology)
57Q70 Discrete Morse theory and related ideas in man-
ifold topology 57R57 Applications of global analysis to structures on
manifolds [See also 57K41, 58-XX]
57Q91 Equivariant PL-topology
57R58 Floer homology
57Q99 None of the above, but in this section
57R60 Homotopy spheres, Poincaré conjecture
57Rxx Differential topology {For foun- 57R65 Surgery and handlebodies
dational questions of differentiable mani- 57R67 Surgery obstructions, Wall groups [See also
folds, see 58Axx; for infinite-dimensional 19J25]
manifolds, see 58Bxx} 57R70 Critical points and critical submanifolds in dif-
57R05 Triangulating ferential topology

57R10 Smoothing in differential topology 57R75 O- and SO-cobordism

57R12 Smooth approximations in differential topology 57R77 Complex cobordism (U- and SU-cobordism) [See
also 55N22]
57R15 Specialized structures on manifolds (spin mani-
57R80 h- and s-cobordism
folds, framed manifolds, etc.)
57R85 Equivariant cobordism
57R17 Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbi-
trary dimension [See also 57K33, 57K43] 57R90 Other types of cobordism [See also 55N22]

57R18 Topology and geometry of orbifolds 57R91 Equivariant algebraic topology of manifolds
57R95 Realizing cycles by submanifolds
57R19 Algebraic topology on manifolds and differential
topology 57R99 None of the above, but in this section

104

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57Sxx Topological transformation groups 57Z20 Relations of manifolds and cell complexes with
[See also 20F34, 22-XX, 37-XX, 54H15, engineering
58D05] 57Z25 Relations of manifolds and cell complexes with
57S05 Topological properties of groups of homeomor- computer and data science
phisms or diffeomorphisms
57Z99 None of the above, but in this section
57S10 Compact groups of homeomorphisms

57S12 Toric topology 58-XX Global analysis, analysis on

57S15 Compact Lie groups of differentiable transforma- manifolds [See also 32Cxx, 32Fxx,
tions 32Wxx, 46-XX, 47Hxx, 53Cxx]
57S17 Finite transformation groups {For geometric integration theory,
57S20 Noncompact Lie groups of transformations see 49Q15}
57S25 Groups acting on specific manifolds 58-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to global analysis
57S30 Discontinuous groups of transformations
58-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
57S99 None of the above, but in this section pers, etc.) pertaining to global analysis

58-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)

57Txx Homology and homotopy of topo- pertaining to global analysis
logical groups and related structures
58-03 History of global analysis [Consider also classifica-
57T05 Hopf algebras (aspects of homology and homo- tion numbers pertaining to Section 01]
topy of topological groups) [See also 16T05]
58-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
57T10 Homology and cohomology of Lie groups ing to global analysis
57T15 Homology and cohomology of homogeneous 58-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
spaces of Lie groups taining to global analysis
57T20 Homotopy groups of topological groups and ho- 58-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
mogeneous spaces to global analysis
57T25 Homology and cohomology of H-spaces 58-11 Research data for problems pertaining to global
analysis
57T30 Bar and cobar constructions [See also 18N40,
55Uxx]
58Axx General theory of differentiable
57T35 Applications of Eilenberg-Moore spectral se- manifolds [See also 32Cxx]
quences [See also 55R20, 55T20]
58A03 Topos-theoretic approach to differentiable mani-
57T99 None of the above, but in this section folds

58A05 Differentiable manifolds, foundations

57Zxx Relations of manifolds and cell com-
plexes with science and engineering 58A07 Real-analytic and Nash manifolds [See also
14P20, 32C07]
57Z05 Relations of manifolds and cell complexes with
physics 58A10 Differential forms in global analysis
57Z10 Relations of manifolds and cell complexes with 58A12 de Rham theory in global analysis [See also
biology 14Fxx]

57Z15 Relations of manifolds and cell complexes with 58A14 Hodge theory in global analysis [See also 14C30,
chemistry 14Fxx, 32J25, 32S35]

105

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58A15 Exterior differential systems (Cartan theory) 58C15 Implicit function theorems; global Newton meth-
ods on manifolds
58A17 Pfaffian systems

58A20 Jets in global analysis 58C20 Differentiation theory (Gateaux, Fréchet, etc.)
on manifolds [See also 26Exx, 46G05]
58A25 Currents in global analysis [See also 32C30,
53C65] 58C25 Differentiable maps on manifolds

58A30 Vector distributions (subbundles of the tangent 58C30 Fixed-point theorems on manifolds [See also
bundles) 47H10]
58A32 Natural bundles 58C35 Integration on manifolds; measures on manifolds
58A35 Stratified sets [See also 32S60] [See also 28Cxx]

58A40 Differential spaces 58C40 Spectral theory; eigenvalue problems on mani-

folds [See also 47J10, 58E07]
58A50 Supermanifolds and graded manifolds [See also
14A22, 32C11] 58C50 Analysis on supermanifolds or graded manifolds
58A99 None of the above, but in this section
58C99 None of the above, but in this section

58Bxx Infinite-dimensional manifolds

58Dxx Spaces and manifolds of mappings
58B05 Homotopy and topological questions for infinite- (including nonlinear versions of 46Exx)
dimensional manifolds
[See also 46Txx, 53Cxx]
58B10 Differentiability questions for infinite-
58D05 Groups of diffeomorphisms and homeomor-
dimensional manifolds
phisms as manifolds [See also 22E65, 57S05]
58B12 Questions of holomorphy and infinite-
dimensional manifolds [See also 32-XX, 46G20] 58D07 Groups and semigroups of nonlinear operators
[See also 17B65, 47H20]
58B15 Fredholm structures on infinite-dimensional
manifolds [See also 47A53] 58D10 Spaces of embeddings and immersions
58B20 Riemannian, Finsler and other geometric struc- 58D15 Manifolds of mappings [See also 46T10, 54C35]
tures on infinite-dimensional manifolds [See also
53C20, 53C60] 58D17 Manifolds of metrics (especially Riemannian)
58B25 Group structures and generalizations on infinite-
58D19 Group actions and symmetry properties
dimensional manifolds [See also 22E65, 58D05]

58B32 Geometry of quantum groups 58D20 Measures (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.) on mani-
folds of maps [See also 28Cxx, 46T12]
58B34 Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes)
58D25 Equations in function spaces; evolution equa-
58B99 None of the above, but in this section tions [See also 34Gxx, 35K90, 35L90, 35R15, 37Lxx,
47Jxx]
58Cxx Calculus on manifolds; nonlinear
operators [See also 46Txx, 47Hxx, 47Jxx] 58D27 Moduli problems for differential geometric struc-
tures
58C05 Real-valued functions on manifolds
58D29 Moduli problems for topological structures
58C06 Set-valued and function-space-valued mappings
on manifolds [See also 47H04, 54C60] 58D30 Applications of manifolds of mappings to the sci-
58C07 Continuity properties of mappings on manifolds ences

58C10 Holomorphic maps on manifolds [See also 32-XX] 58D99 None of the above, but in this section

106

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58Exx Variational problems in infinite- 58H15 Deformations of general structures on manifolds
dimensional spaces [See also 32Gxx, 58J10]

58E05 Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, 58H99 None of the above, but in this section
Lyusternik-Shnirel’man theory, etc.) in infinite-
dimensional spaces 58Jxx Partial differential equations on
58E07 Variational problems in abstract bifurcation the- manifolds; differential operators [See also
ory in infinite-dimensional spaces 32Wxx, 35-XX, 53Cxx]
58E09 Group-invariant bifurcation theory in infinite- 58J05 Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory
dimensional spaces [See also 35-XX]

58E10 Variational problems in applications to the the- 58J10 Differential complexes [See also 35Nxx]; elliptic
ory of geodesics (problems in one independent vari- complexes
able) 58J15 Relations of PDEs on manifolds with hyperfunc-
58E11 Critical metrics tions

58E12 Variational problems concerning minimal sur- 58J20 Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on
faces (problems in two independent variables) [See manifolds [See also 19K56, 46L80]
also 49Q05] 58J22 Exotic index theories on manifolds [See also
58E15 Variational problems concerning extremal prob- 19K56, 46L05, 46L10, 46L80, 46M20]
lems in several variables; Yang-Mills functionals 58J26 Elliptic genera
[See also 81T13], etc.
58J28 Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants
58E17 Multiobjective variational problems, Pareto op-
timality, applications to economics, etc. [See also 58J30 Spectral flows
90C29, 91Bxx]
58J32 Boundary value problems on manifolds
58E20 Harmonic maps, etc. [See also 53C43]
58J35 Heat and other parabolic equation methods for
58E25 Applications of variational problems to control PDEs on manifolds
theory [See also 49-XX, 93-XX]
58J37 Perturbations of PDEs on manifolds; asymptotics
58E30 Variational principles in infinite-dimensional
58J40 Pseudodifferential and Fourier integral operators
spaces
on manifolds [See also 35Sxx]
58E35 Variational inequalities (global problems) in
58J42 Noncommutative global analysis, noncommuta-
infinite-dimensional spaces
tive residues
58E40 Variational aspects of group actions in infinite-
58J45 Hyperbolic equations on manifolds [See also
dimensional spaces
35Lxx]
58E50 Applications of variational problems in infinite- 58J47 Propagation of singularities; initial value prob-
dimensional spaces to the sciences lems on manifolds
58E99 None of the above, but in this section 58J50 Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering
theory on manifolds [See also 35Pxx]
58Hxx Pseudogroups, differentiable
groupoids and general structures on man- 58J51 Relations between spectral theory and ergodic
theory, e.g., quantum unique ergodicity
ifolds
58J52 Determinants and determinant bundles, analytic
58H05 Pseudogroups and differentiable groupoids [See torsion
also 22A22, 22E65]
58J53 Isospectrality
58H10 Cohomology of classifying spaces for pseu-
dogroup structures (Spencer, Gelfand-Fuks, etc.) 58J55 Bifurcation theory for PDEs on manifolds [See
[See also 57R32] also 35B32]

107

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58J60 Relations of PDEs with special manifold struc- 60-XX Probability theory and
tures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.)
stochastic processes {For additional
58J65 Diffusion processes and stochastic analysis on applications, see 05Cxx, 11Kxx, 34-
manifolds [See also 35R60, 60H10, 60J60]
XX, 35-XX, 62-XX, 90-XX, 76-XX,
58J70 Invariance and symmetry properties for PDEs on
manifolds [See also 35A30]
81-XX, 82-XX, 91-XX, 92-XX, 93-
XX, 94-XX}
58J72 Correspondences and other transformation meth-
ods (e.g., Lie-Bäcklund) for PDEs on manifolds [See 60-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
also 35A22] bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to probability the-
ory
58J90 Applications of PDEs on manifolds
60-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
58J99 None of the above, but in this section pers, etc.) pertaining to probability theory

58Kxx Theory of singularities and catas- 60-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to probability theory
trophe theory [See also 32Sxx, 37-XX]
58K05 Critical points of functions and mappings on 60-03 History of probability theory [Consider also clas-
manifolds sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]

58K10 Monodromy on manifolds 60-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to probability theory
58K15 Topological properties of mappings on manifolds
60-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
58K20 Algebraic and analytic properties of mappings on taining to probability theory
manifolds
60-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
58K25 Stability theory for manifolds to probability theory

58K30 Global theory of singularities 60-11 Research data for problems pertaining to proba-
bility theory
58K35 Catastrophe theory

58K40 Classification; finite determinacy of map germs 60Axx Foundations of probability theory
58K45 Singularities of vector fields, topological aspects 60A05 Axioms; other general questions in probability

58K50 Normal forms on manifolds 60A10 Probabilistic measure theory {For ergodic theory,
see 28Dxx, 60Fxx}
58K55 Asymptotic behavior of solutions to equations on
manifolds 60A86 Fuzzy probability

58K60 Deformation of singularities 60A99 None of the above, but in this section

58K65 Topological invariants on manifolds

60Bxx Probability theory on algebraic and
58K70 Symmetries, equivariance on manifolds topological structures
58K99 None of the above, but in this section 60B05 Probability measures on topological spaces

60B10 Convergence of probability measures

58Zxx Applications of global analysis to
60B11 Probability theory on linear topological spaces
the sciences
[See also 28C20]
58Z05 Applications of global analysis to the sciences
60B12 Limit theorems for vector-valued random vari-
58Z99 None of the above, but in this section ables (infinite-dimensional case)

108

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60B15 Probability measures on groups or semigroups, 60Gxx Stochastic processes
Fourier transforms, factorization
60G05 Foundations of stochastic processes
60B20 Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) {For al- 60G07 General theory of stochastic processes
gebraic aspects, see 15B52}
60G09 Exchangeability for stochastic processes
60B99 None of the above, but in this section 60G10 Stationary stochastic processes
60G12 General second-order stochastic processes
60Cxx Combinatorial probability
60G15 Gaussian processes
60C05 Combinatorial probability 60G17 Sample path properties
60C99 None of the above, but in this section 60G18 Self-similar stochastic processes
60G20 Generalized stochastic processes
60Dxx Geometric probability and stochas- 60G22 Fractional processes, including fractional Brow-
tic geometry [See also 52A22, 53C65] nian motion
60D05 Geometric probability and stochastic geometry 60G25 Prediction theory (aspects of stochastic pro-
[See also 52A22, 53C65] cesses) [See also 62M20]
60G30 Continuity and singularity of induced measures
60D99 None of the above, but in this section
60G35 Signal detection and filtering (aspects of stochas-
tic processes) [See also 62M20, 93E10, 93E11,
60Exx Distribution theory [See also 94Axx]
62Exx, 62Hxx]
60G40 Stopping times; optimal stopping problems;
60E05 Probability distributions: general theory gambling theory [See also 62L15, 91A60]
60G42 Martingales with discrete parameter
60E07 Infinitely divisible distributions; stable distribu-
tions 60G44 Martingales with continuous parameter

60E10 Characteristic functions; other transforms 60G46 Martingales and classical analysis
60G48 Generalizations of martingales
60E15 Inequalities; stochastic orderings
60G50 Sums of independent random variables; random
60E99 None of the above, but in this section walks
60G51 Processes with independent increments; Lévy
processes
60Fxx Limit theorems in probability the-
ory [See also 28Dxx, 60B12] 60G52 Stable stochastic processes

60F05 Central limit and other weak theorems 60G53 Feller processes
60G55 Point processes (e.g., Poisson, Cox, Hawkes pro-
60F10 Large deviations cesses)

60F15 Strong limit theorems 60G57 Random measures

60G60 Random fields
60F17 Functional limit theorems; invariance principles
60G65 Nonlinear processes (e.g., G-Brownian motion,
60F20 Zero-one laws G-Lévy processes)
60G70 Extreme value theory; extremal stochastic pro-
60F25 Lp -limit theorems
cesses
60F99 None of the above, but in this section 60G99 None of the above, but in this section

109

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60Hxx Stochastic analysis [See also 58J65] 60J45 Probabilistic potential theory [See also 31Cxx,
31D05]
60H05 Stochastic integrals
60J46 Dirichlet form methods in Markov processes
60H07 Stochastic calculus of variations and the Malli-
avin calculus 60J50 Boundary theory for Markov processes

60H10 Stochastic ordinary differential equations (as- 60J55 Local time and additive functionals
pects of stochastic analysis) [See also 34F05]
60J57 Multiplicative functionals and Markov processes
60H15 Stochastic partial differential equations (aspects 60J60 Diffusion processes [See also 58J65]
of stochastic analysis) [See also 35R60]
60J65 Brownian motion [See also 58J65]
60H17 Singular stochastic partial differential equations
60J67 Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolution (SLE)
60H20 Stochastic integral equations
60J68 Superprocesses
60H25 Random operators and equations (aspects of
stochastic analysis) [See also 47B80] 60J70 Applications of Brownian motions and diffusion
theory (population genetics, absorption problems,
60H30 Applications of stochastic analysis (to PDEs, etc.) [See also 92Dxx]
etc.)
60J74 Jump processes on discrete state spaces
60H35 Computational methods for stochastic equations
60J76 Jump processes on general state spaces
(aspects of stochastic analysis) [See also 65C30]
60J80 Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-
60H40 White noise theory death, etc.)
60H50 Regularization by noise 60J85 Applications of branching processes [See also
60H99 None of the above, but in this section 92Dxx]
60J90 Coalescent processes
60Jxx Markov processes 60J95 Applications of coalescent processes [See also
60J05 Discrete-time Markov processes on general state 92Dxx]
spaces
60J99 None of the above, but in this section
60J10 Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes
on discrete state spaces) 60Kxx Special processes
60J20 Applications of Markov chains and discrete-time 60K05 Renewal theory
Markov processes on general state spaces (social
60K10 Applications of renewal theory (reliability, de-
mobility, learning theory, industrial processes, etc.)
mand theory, etc.)
[See also 90B30, 91D10, 91E40]
60K15 Markov renewal processes, semi-Markov pro-
60J22 Computational methods in Markov chains [See
cesses
also 65C40]
60K20 Applications of Markov renewal processes (relia-
60J25 Continuous-time Markov processes on general bility, queueing networks, etc.) [See also 90Bxx]
state spaces
60K25 Queueing theory (aspects of probability theory)
60J27 Continuous-time Markov processes on discrete [See also 68M20, 90B22]
state spaces
60K30 Applications of queueing theory (congestion, al-
60J28 Applications of continuous-time Markov pro- location, storage, traffic, etc.) [See also 90Bxx]
cesses on discrete state spaces
60K35 Interacting random processes; statistical me-
60J35 Transition functions, generators and resolvents chanics type models; percolation theory [See also
[See also 47D03, 47D07] 82B43, 82C43]
60J40 Right processes 60K37 Processes in random environments

110

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60K40 Other physical applications of random processes 62Bxx Sufficiency and information
60K50 Anomalous diffusion models (subdiffusion, su- 62B05 Sufficient statistics and fields
perdiffusion, continuous-time random walks, etc.)
[See also 60G22, 60G55, 60J74, 60J76] {For applica- 62B10 Statistical aspects of information-theoretic topics
tions to physics and the sciences, see 76-XX, 82Cxx, [See also 94A17]
92-XX}
62B11 Information geometry (statistical aspects) {For
60K99 None of the above, but in this section
differential geometric aspects, see 53B12}

60Lxx Rough analysis 62B15 Theory of statistical experiments

60L10 Signatures and data streams
62B86 Statistical aspects of fuzziness, sufficiency, and
60L20 Rough paths information
60L30 Regularity structures
62B99 None of the above, but in this section
60L40 Paracontrolled distributions and alternative ap-
proaches
62Cxx Statistical decision theory [See also
60L50 Rough partial differential equations 90B50, 91B06] {For game theory, see
60L70 Algebraic structures and computation 91A35]
60L90 Applications of rough analysis 62C05 General considerations in statistical decision the-
ory
60L99 None of the above, but in this section
62C07 Complete class results in statistical decision the-
62-XX Statistics ory

62-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 62C10 Bayesian problems; characterization of Bayes
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to statistics procedures
62-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 62C12 Empirical decision procedures; empirical Bayes
pers, etc.) pertaining to statistics procedures
62-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to statistics 62C15 Admissibility in statistical decision theory

62-03 History of statistics [Consider also classification 62C20 Minimax procedures in statistical decision theory
numbers pertaining to Section 01]
62-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 62C25 Compound decision problems in statistical deci-
ing to statistics sion theory

62-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 62C86 Statistical decision theory and fuzziness
taining to statistics
62C99 None of the above, but in this section
62-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to statistics
62-11 Research data for problems pertaining to statistics 62Dxx Statistical sampling theory and re-
lated topics
62Axx Foundational topics in statistics 62D05 Sampling theory, sample surveys
62A01 Foundations and philosophical topics in statistics
62D10 Missing data
62A09 Graphical methods
62D20 Causal inference from observational studies
62A86 Fuzzy analysis in statistics
62A99 None of the above, but in this section 62D99 None of the above, but in this section

111

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62Exx Statistical distribution theory [See 62G30 Order statistics; empirical distribution functions
also 60Exx] 62G32 Statistics of extreme values; tail inference
62E10 Characterization and structure theory of statisti-
cal distributions 62G35 Nonparametric robustness

62E15 Exact distribution theory in statistics 62G86 Nonparametric inference and fuzziness

62E17 Approximations to statistical distributions 62G99 None of the above, but in this section
(nonasymptotic)
62Hxx Multivariate analysis [See also
62E20 Asymptotic distribution theory in statistics
60Exx]
62E86 Fuzziness in connection with statistical distribu- 62H05 Characterization and structure theory for multi-
tions variate probability distributions; copulas
62E99 None of the above, but in this section 62H10 Multivariate distribution of statistics

62Fxx Parametric inference 62H11 Directional data; spatial statistics

62F03 Parametric hypothesis testing 62H12 Estimation in multivariate analysis

62F05 Asymptotic properties of parametric tests 62H15 Hypothesis testing in multivariate analysis

62F07 Statistical ranking and selection procedures 62H17 Contingency tables

62F10 Point estimation 62H20 Measures of association (correlation, canonical

correlation, etc.)
62F12 Asymptotic properties of parametric estimators
62H22 Probabilistic graphical models
62F15 Bayesian inference
62H25 Factor analysis and principal components; corre-
62F25 Parametric tolerance and confidence regions spondence analysis
62F30 Parametric inference under constraints 62H30 Classification and discrimination; cluster anal-
62F35 Robustness and adaptive procedures (parametric ysis (statistical aspects) [See also 68T10, 91C20];
inference) mixture models

62F40 Bootstrap, jackknife and other resampling meth- 62H35 Image analysis in multivariate analysis
ods 62H86 Multivariate analysis and fuzziness
62F86 Parametric inference and fuzziness 62H99 None of the above, but in this section
62F99 None of the above, but in this section
62Jxx Linear inference, regression
62Gxx Nonparametric inference 62J02 General nonlinear regression
62G05 Nonparametric estimation 62J05 Linear regression; mixed models
62G07 Density estimation 62J07 Ridge regression; shrinkage estimators (Lasso)
62G08 Nonparametric regression and quantile regres- 62J10 Analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA)
sion
62J12 Generalized linear models (logistic models)
62G09 Nonparametric statistical resampling methods
62J15 Paired and multiple comparisons; multiple testing
62G10 Nonparametric hypothesis testing
62J20 Diagnostics, and linear inference and regression
62G15 Nonparametric tolerance and confidence regions
62J86 Fuzziness, and linear inference and regression
62G20 Asymptotic properties of nonparametric infer-
ence 62J99 None of the above, but in this section

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62Kxx Design of statistical experiments 62Nxx Survival analysis and censored data
[See also 05Bxx] 62N01 Censored data models
62K05 Optimal statistical designs 62N02 Estimation in survival analysis and censored data
62K10 Statistical block designs 62N03 Testing in survival analysis and censored data
62K15 Factorial statistical designs 62N05 Reliability and life testing [See also 90B25]
62K20 Response surface designs 62N86 Fuzziness, and survival analysis and censored
62K25 Robust parameter designs data
62N99 None of the above, but in this section
62K86 Fuzziness and design of statistical experiments
62K99 None of the above, but in this section 62Pxx Applications of statistics [See also
90-XX, 91-XX, 92-XX]
62Lxx Sequential statistical methods
62P05 Applications of statistics to actuarial sciences and
62L05 Sequential statistical design financial mathematics
62L10 Sequential statistical analysis 62P10 Applications of statistics to biology and medical
sciences; meta analysis
62L12 Sequential estimation
62P12 Applications of statistics to environmental and
62L15 Optimal stopping in statistics [See also 60G40, related topics
91A60]
62P15 Applications of statistics to psychology
62L20 Stochastic approximation
62P20 Applications of statistics to economics [See also
62L86 Fuzziness and sequential statistical methods 91Bxx]
62L99 None of the above, but in this section 62P25 Applications of statistics to social sciences
62P30 Applications of statistics in engineering and in-
62Mxx Inference from stochastic processes dustry; control charts
62M02 Markov processes: hypothesis testing 62P35 Applications of statistics to physics
62M05 Markov processes: estimation; hidden Markov 62P99 None of the above, but in this section
models
62M07 Non-Markovian processes: hypothesis testing 62Qxx Statistical tables
62M09 Non-Markovian processes: estimation 62Q05 Statistical tables
62M10 Time series, auto-correlation, regression, etc. in 62Q99 None of the above, but in this section
statistics (GARCH) [See also 91B84]
62M15 Inference from stochastic processes and spectral 62Rxx Statistics on algebraic and topolog-
analysis ical structures
62M20 Inference from stochastic processes and predic- 62R01 Algebraic statistics
tion [See also 60G25]; filtering [See also 60G35, 62R07 Statistical aspects of big data and data sci-
93E10, 93E11] ence {For computer science aspects, see 68T09; for
62M30 Inference from spatial processes information-theoretic aspects, see 94A16}

62M40 Random fields; image analysis 62R10 Functional data analysis

62M45 Neural nets and related approaches to inference 62R20 Statistics on metric spaces
from stochastic processes 62R30 Statistics on manifolds
62M86 Inference from stochastic processes and fuzziness 62R40 Topological data analysis [See also 55N31]
62M99 None of the above, but in this section 62R99 None of the above, but in this section

113

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65-XX Numerical analysis 65Dxx Numerical approximation and
computational geometry (primarily algo-
65-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to numerical analy-
rithms) {For theoretical aspects, see 41-
sis XX, 68Uxx}
65-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 65D05 Numerical interpolation
pers, etc.) pertaining to numerical analysis
65-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 65D07 Numerical computation using splines
pertaining to numerical analysis
65D10 Numerical smoothing, curve fitting
65-03 History of numerical analysis [Consider also clas-
sification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
65D12 Numerical radial basis function approximation
65-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to numerical analysis 65D15 Algorithms for approximation of functions
65-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to numerical analysis 65D17 Computer-aided design (modeling of curves and
surfaces) [See also 68U07]
65-11 Research data for problems pertaining to numeri-
cal analysis
65D18 Numerical aspects of computer graphics, im-
age analysis, and computational geometry [See also
65Axx Tables in numerical analysis
51N05, 68U05]
65A05 Tables in numerical analysis
65A99 None of the above, but in this section 65D19 Computational issues in computer and robotic
vision
65Bxx Acceleration of convergence in nu-
65D20 Computation of special functions and constants,
merical analysis construction of tables [See also 33F05]
65B05 Extrapolation to the limit, deferred corrections
65B10 Numerical summation of series 65D25 Numerical differentiation

65B15 Euler-Maclaurin formula in numerical analysis 65D30 Numerical integration

65B99 None of the above, but in this section
65D32 Numerical quadrature and cubature formulas
65Cxx Probabilistic methods, stochastic
differential equations 65D40 High-dimensional functions; sparse grids
65C05 Monte Carlo methods [See also 82M31]
65D99 None of the above, but in this section
65C10 Random number generation in numerical analy-
sis [See also 11K45]
65C20 Probabilistic models, generic numerical methods 65Exx Numerical methods in complex
in probability and statistics [See also 60-08, 62-08] analysis (potential theory, etc.)
65C30 Numerical solutions to stochastic differential and 65E05 General theory of numerical methods in complex
integral equations {For theoretical aspects, see analysis (potential theory, etc.) [See also 30-08, 31-
60H35} [See also 65M75, 65N75] 08, 32-08]
65C35 Stochastic particle methods [See also 82M60]
65E10 Numerical methods in conformal mappings [See
65C40 Numerical analysis or methods applied to also 30C30]
Markov chains [See also 60J22]
65C99 None of the above, but in this section 65E99 None of the above, but in this section

114

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65Fxx Numerical linear algebra 65Hxx Nonlinear algebraic or transcen-
dental equations
65F05 Direct numerical methods for linear systems and
matrix inversion 65H04 Numerical computation of roots of polynomial
equations
65F08 Preconditioners for iterative methods
65H05 Numerical computation of solutions to single
equations
65F10 Iterative numerical methods for linear systems
[See also 65N22] 65H10 Numerical computation of solutions to systems
of equations
65F15 Numerical computation of eigenvalues and eigen- 65H14 Numerical algebraic geometry
vectors of matrices
65H17 Numerical solution of nonlinear eigenvalue and
65F18 Numerical solutions to inverse eigenvalue prob- eigenvector problems [See also 47Hxx, 47Jxx,
lems 58C40, 58E07, 90C30]
65H20 Global methods, including homotopy approaches
65F20 Numerical solutions to overdetermined systems, to the numerical solution of nonlinear equations [See
pseudoinverses also 58C30, 90C30]

65F22 Ill-posedness and regularization problems in nu- 65H99 None of the above, but in this section
merical linear algebra
65Jxx Numerical analysis in abstract
65F25 Orthogonalization in numerical linear algebra spaces
65J05 General theory of numerical analysis in abstract
65F35 Numerical computation of matrix norms, condi-
spaces
tioning, scaling [See also 15A12, 15A60]
65J08 Numerical solutions to abstract evolution equa-
65F40 Numerical computation of determinants tions
65J10 Numerical solutions to equations with linear op-
65F45 Numerical methods for matrix equations erators (do not use 65Fxx)

65F50 Computational methods for sparse matrices 65J15 Numerical solutions to equations with nonlinear
operators (do not use 65Hxx)
65F55 Numerical methods for low-rank matrix approxi- 65J20 Numerical solutions of ill-posed problems in ab-
mation; matrix compression stract spaces; regularization

65F60 Numerical computation of matrix exponential 65J22 Numerical solution to inverse problems in ab-
and similar matrix functions stract spaces
65J99 None of the above, but in this section
65F99 None of the above, but in this section
65Kxx Numerical methods for mathemat-
65Gxx Error analysis and interval analysis ical programming, optimization and varia-
tional techniques
65G20 Algorithms with automatic result verification
65K05 Numerical mathematical programming methods
65G30 Interval and finite arithmetic [See also 90Cxx]
65K10 Numerical optimization and variational tech-
65G40 General methods in interval analysis niques [See also 49Mxx, 93-08]
65K15 Numerical methods for variational inequalities
65G50 Roundoff error
and related problems
65G99 None of the above, but in this section 65K99 None of the above, but in this section

115

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65Lxx Numerical methods for ordinary 65M12 Stability and convergence of numerical methods
differential equations for initial value and initial-boundary value problems
involving PDEs
65L03 Numerical methods for functional-differential
equations 65M15 Error bounds for initial value and initial-
boundary value problems involving PDEs
65L04 Numerical methods for stiff equations
65M20 Method of lines for initial value and initial-
65L05 Numerical methods for initial value problems
boundary value problems involving PDEs
65L06 Multistep, Runge-Kutta and extrapolation meth-
65M22 Numerical solution of discretized equations for
ods for ordinary differential equations
initial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
65L07 Numerical investigation of stability of solutions volving PDEs [See also 65Fxx, 65Hxx]

65L08 Numerical solution of ill-posed problems involv- 65M25 Numerical aspects of the method of character-
ing ordinary differential equations istics for initial value and initial-boundary value
problems involving PDEs
65L09 Numerical solution of inverse problems involving
ordinary differential equations 65M30 Numerical methods for ill-posed problems for
initial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
65L10 Numerical solution of boundary value problems
volving PDEs
involving ordinary differential equations
65M32 Numerical methods for inverse problems for ini-
65L11 Numerical solution of singularly perturbed prob-
tial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
lems involving ordinary differential equations
volving PDEs
65L12 Finite difference and finite volume methods for
ordinary differential equations 65M38 Boundary element methods for initial value and
initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs
65L15 Numerical solution of eigenvalue problems involv-
ing ordinary differential equations 65M50 Mesh generation, refinement, and adaptive
methods for the numerical solution of initial
65L20 Stability and convergence of numerical methods value and initial-boundary value problems involv-
for ordinary differential equations ing PDEs
65L50 Mesh generation, refinement, and adaptive meth- 65M55 Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for
ods for ordinary differential equations initial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
volving PDEs
65L60 Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin and col-
location methods for ordinary differential equations 65M60 Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin
methods for initial value and initial-boundary value
65L70 Error bounds for numerical methods for ordinary
problems involving PDEs
differential equations
65L80 Numerical methods differential-algebraic 65M70 Spectral, collocation and related methods for ini-
for
equations tial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
volving PDEs
65L99 None of the above, but in this section
65M75 Probabilistic methods, particle methods, etc. for
initial value and initial-boundary value problems in-
65Mxx Numerical methods for partial dif- volving PDEs
ferential equations, initial value and time-
dependent initial-boundary value prob- 65M80 Fundamental solutions, Green’s function meth-
lems ods, etc. for initial value and initial-boundary value
problems involving PDEs
65M06 Finite difference methods for initial value and
initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs 65M85 Fictitious domain methods for initial value and
initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs
65M08 Finite volume methods for initial value and
initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs 65M99 None of the above, but in this section

116

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65Nxx Numerical methods for partial dif- 65Pxx Numerical problems in dynamical
ferential equations, boundary value prob- systems [See also 37Mxx]
lems
65P10 Numerical methods for Hamiltonian systems in-
65N06 Finite difference methods for boundary value cluding symplectic integrators
problems involving PDEs
65P20 Numerical chaos
65N08 Finite volume methods for boundary value prob-
lems involving PDEs
65P30 Numerical bifurcation problems
65N12 Stability and convergence of numerical methods
for boundary value problems involving PDEs 65P40 Numerical nonlinear stabilities in dynamical sys-
tems
65N15 Error bounds for boundary value problems in-
volving PDEs
65P99 None of the above, but in this section
65N20 Numerical methods for ill-posed problems for
boundary value problems involving PDEs
65Qxx Numerical methods for difference
65N21 Numerical methods for inverse problems for
and functional equations, recurrence rela-
boundary value problems involving PDEs
tions
65N22 Numerical solution of discretized equations for
boundary value problems involving PDEs [See also 65Q10 Numerical methods for difference equations
65Fxx, 65Hxx]
65Q20 Numerical methods for functional equations
65N25 Numerical methods for eigenvalue problems for
boundary value problems involving PDEs 65Q30 Numerical aspects of recurrence relations
65N30 Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin
methods for boundary value problems involving 65Q99 None of the above, but in this section
PDEs
65N35 Spectral, collocation and related methods for 65Rxx Numerical methods for integral
boundary value problems involving PDEs equations, integral transforms
65N38 Boundary element methods for boundary value
65R10 Numerical methods for integral transforms
problems involving PDEs
65N40 Method of lines for boundary value problems in- 65R15 Numerical methods for eigenvalue problems in in-
volving PDEs tegral equations
65N45 Method of contraction of the boundary for
65R20 Numerical methods for integral equations
boundary value problems involving PDEs
65N50 Mesh generation, refinement, and adaptive meth- 65R30 Numerical methods for ill-posed problems for in-
ods for boundary value problems involving PDEs tegral equations

65N55 Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for 65R32 Numerical methods for inverse problems for in-
boundary value problems involving PDEs tegral equations
65N75 Probabilistic methods, particle methods, etc. for
boundary value problems involving PDEs 65R99 None of the above, but in this section

65N80 Fundamental solutions, Green’s function meth-

ods, etc. for boundary value problems involving 65Sxx Graphical methods in numerical
PDEs analysis
65N85 Fictitious domain methods for boundary value
65S05 Graphical methods in numerical analysis
problems involving PDEs
65N99 None of the above, but in this section 65S99 None of the above, but in this section

117

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65Txx Numerical methods in Fourier anal- 68-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
ysis taining to computer science

65T40 Numerical methods for trigonometric approxima- 68-11 Research data for problems pertaining to com-
tion and interpolation puter science
65T50 Numerical methods for discrete and fast Fourier
transforms 68Mxx Computer system organization
65T60 Numerical methods for wavelets 68M01 General theory of computer systems

65T99 None of the above, but in this section 68M07 Mathematical problems of computer architec-
ture [See also 68W35]
65Yxx Computer aspects of numerical al- 68M10 Network design and communication in computer
gorithms systems [See also 68R10, 90B18]
65Y04 Numerical algorithms for computer arithmetic, 68M11 Internet topics [See also 68U35]
etc. [See also 68M07]
68M12 Network protocols
65Y05 Parallel numerical computation
65Y10 Numerical algorithms for specific classes of archi- 68M14 Distributed systems
tectures 68M15 Reliability, testing and fault tolerance of net-
65Y15 Packaged methods for numerical algorithms works and computer systems

65Y20 Complexity and performance of numerical algo- 68M18 Wireless sensor networks as related to computer
rithms [See also 68Q25] science [See also 90B18, 90B80]

65Y99 None of the above, but in this section 68M20 Performance evaluation, queueing, and schedul-
ing in the context of computer systems [See also
65Zxx Applications to the sciences 60K20, 60K25, 90B22, 90B35, 90B36]

65Z05 Applications to the sciences 68M25 Computer security

65Z99 None of the above, but in this section 68M99 None of the above, but in this section

68-XX Computer science {For pa- 68Nxx Theory of software

pers containing software, source 68N01 General topics in the theory of software
code, etc. in a specific mathemati- 68N15 Theory of programming languages
cal area, see the classification num- 68N17 Logic programming
ber -04 in that area} 68N18 Functional programming and lambda calculus
68-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, [See also 03B40]
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to computer science
68N19 Other programming paradigms (object-oriented,
68-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- sequential, concurrent, automatic, etc.)
pers, etc.) pertaining to computer science
68N20 Theory of compilers and interpreters
68-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to computer science 68N25 Theory of operating systems

68-03 History of computer science [Consider also classi- 68N30 Mathematical aspects of software engineering
fication numbers pertaining to Section 01] (specification, verification, metrics, requirements,
etc.)
68-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to computer science 68N99 None of the above, but in this section

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68Pxx Theory of data 68Q27 Parameterized complexity, tractability and ker-
nelization
68P01 General topics in the theory of data
68P05 Data structures 68Q30 Algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov
complexity, etc.) [See also 03D32]
68P10 Searching and sorting
68Q32 Computational learning theory [See also 68T05]
68P15 Database theory
68Q42 Grammars and rewriting systems
68P20 Information storage and retrieval of data
68Q45 Formal languages and automata [See also 03D05,
68P25 Data encryption (aspects in computer science)
68Q70, 94A45]
[See also 81P94, 94A60]
68P27 Privacy of data 68Q55 Semantics in the theory of computing [See also
03B70, 06B35, 18C50]
68P30 Coding and information theory (compaction,
compression, models of communication, encoding 68Q60 Specification and verification (program logics,
schemes, etc.) (aspects in computer science) [See model checking, etc.) [See also 03B70]
also 94Axx, 94Bxx]
68Q65 Abstract data types; algebraic specification [See
68P99 None of the above, but in this section also 18C50]

68Q70 Algebraic theory of languages and automata [See

68Qxx Theory of computing also 18B20, 20M35]
68Q01 General topics in the theory of computing
68Q80 Cellular automata (computational aspects) {For
68Q04 Classical models of computation (Turing ma- cellular automata as dynamical systems, see 37B15}
chines, etc.) [See also 03D10]
68Q85 Models and methods for concurrent and dis-
68Q06 Networks and circuits as models of computation; tributed computing (process algebras, bisimulation,
circuit complexity [See also 94C11] transition nets, etc.)
68Q07 Biologically inspired models of computation 68Q87 Probability in computer science (algorithm anal-
(DNA computing, membrane computing, etc.) ysis, random structures, phase transitions, etc.)
68Q09 Other nonclassical models of computation {For [See also 68W20, 68W40]
quantum computing, see mainly 68Q12, 81P68}
68Q99 None of the above, but in this section
68Q10 Modes of computation (nondeterministic, paral-
lel, interactive, probabilistic, etc.) [See also 68Q85] 68Rxx Discrete mathematics in relation to
68Q11 Communication complexity, information com- computer science
plexity
68R01 General topics of discrete mathematics in rela-
68Q12 Quantum algorithms and complexity in the the- tion to computer science
ory of computing [See also 68Q09, 81P68]
68R05 Combinatorics in computer science
68Q15 Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among
complexity classes, etc.) [See also 03D15, 68Q17, 68R07 Computational aspects of satisfiability [See also
68Q19] 68T20]

68Q17 Computational difficulty of problems (lower 68R10 Graph theory (including graph drawing) in com-
bounds, completeness, difficulty of approximation, puter science [See also 05Cxx, 90B10, 90C35]
etc.) [See also 68Q15]
68R12 Metric embeddings as related to computational
68Q19 Descriptive complexity and finite models [See problems and algorithms
also 03C13]
68R15 Combinatorics on words
68Q25 Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity
[See also 68W40] 68R99 None of the above, but in this section

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68Txx Artificial intelligence 68U35 Computing methodologies for information sys-
tems (hypertext navigation, interfaces, decision
68T01 General topics in artificial intelligence
support, etc.) [See also 68M11]
68T05 Learning and adaptive systems in artificial intel-
68U99 None of the above, but in this section
ligence [See also 68Q32]
68T07 Artificial neural networks and deep learning 68Vxx Computer science support for
68T09 Computational aspects of data analysis and big mathematical research and practice
data [See also 62R07] {For homological aspects, see 68V05 Computer assisted proofs of proofs-by-
55N31} exhaustion type {For rigorous numerics, see 65Gxx;
68T10 Pattern recognition, speech recognition {For for proofs employing automated or interactive the-
cluster analysis, see 62H30} orem provers, see 68V15}

68T20 Problem solving in the context of artificial intel- 68V15 Theorem proving (automated and interactive
ligence (heuristics, search strategies, etc.) theorem provers, deduction, resolution, etc.) [See
also 03B35]
68T27 Logic in artificial intelligence
68V20 Formalization of mathematics in connection with
68T30 Knowledge representation theorem provers [See also 03B35, 68V15]
68T35 Theory of languages and software systems 68V25 Presentation and content markup for mathemat-
(knowledge-based systems, expert systems, etc.) for ics
artificial intelligence
68V30 Mathematical knowledge management
68T37 Reasoning under uncertainty in the context of ar-
tificial intelligence 68V35 Digital mathematics libraries and repositories
68T40 Artificial intelligence for robotics [See also 93C85] 68V99 None of the above, but in this section
68T42 Agent technology and artificial intelligence
68Wxx Algorithms in computer science
68T45 Machine vision and scene understanding
{For numerical algorithms, see 65-XX;
68T50 Natural language processing [See also 03B65, for combinatorics and graph theory, see
91F20] 05C85, 68Rxx}
68T99 None of the above, but in this section 68W01 General topics in the theory of algorithms

68Uxx Computing methodologies and ap- 68W05 Nonnumerical algorithms

plications 68W10 Parallel algorithms in computer science
68U01 General topics in computing methodologies 68W15 Distributed algorithms
68U03 Computational aspects of digital topology {For 68W20 Randomized algorithms
topological aspects, see 54H30; for homological as-
pects, see 55-XX} 68W25 Approximation algorithms
68U05 Computer graphics; computational geometry 68W27 Online algorithms; streaming algorithms
(digital and algorithmic aspects) {For methods of
numerical mathematics, see 65D18} 68W30 Symbolic computation and algebraic computa-
tion [See also 11Yxx, 12-08, 13Pxx, 14Qxx, 16Z05,
68U07 Computer science aspects of computer-aided de- 17-08, 33F10]
sign {For methods of numerical mathematics, see
65D17} 68W32 Algorithms on strings

68U10 Computing methodologies for image processing 68W35 Hardware implementations of nonnumerical al-
gorithms (VLSI algorithms, etc.) [See also 68M07]
68U15 Computing methodologies for text processing;
mathematical typography 68W40 Analysis of algorithms [See also 68Q25]

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68W50 Evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms 70Bxx Kinematics [See also 53A17]
(computational aspects) [See also 68T05, 68T20,
70B05 Kinematics of a particle
90C59]
70B10 Kinematics of a rigid body
68W99 None of the above, but in this section
70B15 Kinematics of mechanisms and robots [See also
68T40, 70Q05, 93C85]
70-XX Mechanics of particles and 70B99 None of the above, but in this section
systems {For relativistic mechan-
ics, see 83A05, 83C10; for statisti- 70Cxx Statics
70C20 Statics
cal mechanics, see 82-XX}
70C99 None of the above, but in this section
70-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to mechanics of par- 70Exx Dynamics of a rigid body and of
ticles and systems
multibody systems
70-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 70E05 Motion of the gyroscope
pers, etc.) pertaining to mechanics of particles and
systems 70E15 Free motion of a rigid body [See also 70M20]
70E17 Motion of a rigid body with a fixed point
70-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to mechanics of particles and systems 70E18 Motion of a rigid body in contact with a solid
surface [See also 70F25]
70-03 History of mechanics of particles and systems
70E20 Perturbation methods for rigid body dynamics
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
Section 01] 70E40 Integrable cases of motion in rigid body dynamics

70-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 70E45 Higher-dimensional generalizations in rigid body
ing to mechanics of particles and systems dynamics
70E50 Stability problems in rigid body dynamics
70-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to me-
chanics of particles and systems 70E55 Dynamics of multibody systems
70E60 Robot dynamics and control of rigid bodies [See
70-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- also 68T40, 70Q05, 93C85]
taining to mechanics of particles and systems
70E99 None of the above, but in this section
70-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to mechanics of particles and systems 70Fxx Dynamics of a system of particles,
including celestial mechanics
70-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to mechanics of particles and sys- 70F05 Two-body problems
tems
70F07 Three-body problems
70-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mechan- 70F10 n-body problems
ics of particles and systems
70F15 Celestial mechanics
70F16 Collisions in celestial mechanics, regularization
70Axx Axiomatics, foundations
70F17 Inverse problems for systems of particles
70A05 Axiomatics, foundations
70F20 Holonomic systems related to the dynamics of a
70A99 None of the above, but in this section system of particles

121

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70F25 Nonholonomic systems related to the dynamics 70H09 Perturbation theories for problems in Hamilto-
of a system of particles nian and Lagrangian mechanics

70F35 Collision of rigid or pseudo-rigid bodies 70H11 Adiabatic invariants for problems in Hamiltonian
70F40 Problems involving a system of particles with fric- and Lagrangian mechanics
tion
70H12 Periodic and almost periodic solutions for prob-
70F45 The dynamics of infinite particle systems lems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics

70F99 None of the above, but in this section 70H14 Stability problems for problems in Hamiltonian
and Lagrangian mechanics
70Gxx General models, approaches, and
methods [See also 37-XX] 70H15 Canonical and symplectic transformations for
problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics
70G10 Generalized coordinates; event, impulse-energy,
configuration, state, or phase space for problems in 70H20 Hamilton-Jacobi equations in mechanics
mechanics

70G40 Topological and differential topological methods 70H25 Hamilton’s principle

for problems in mechanics
70H30 Other variational principles in mechanics
70G45 Differential geometric methods (tensors, connec-
tions, symplectic, Poisson, contact, Riemannian, 70H33 Symmetries and conservation laws, reverse sym-
nonholonomic, etc.) for problems in mechanics [See metries, invariant manifolds and their bifurcations,
also 53Cxx, 53Dxx, 58Axx] reduction for problems in Hamiltonian and La-
grangian mechanics
70G55 Algebraic geometry methods for problems in me-
chanics
70H40 Relativistic dynamics for problems in Hamilto-
70G60 Dynamical systems methods for problems in me- nian and Lagrangian mechanics
chanics
70H45 Constrained dynamics, Dirac’s theory of con-
70G65 Symmetries, Lie group and Lie algebra methods straints [See also 70F20, 70F25, 70Gxx]
for problems in mechanics
70H50 Higher-order theories for problems in Hamilto-
70G70 Functional analytic methods for problems in me-
nian and Lagrangian mechanics
chanics

70G75 Variational methods for problems in mechanics 70H99 None of the above, but in this section

70G99 None of the above, but in this section

70Jxx Linear vibration theory
70Hxx Hamiltonian and Lagrangian me- 70J10 Modal analysis in linear vibration theory
chanics [See also 37Jxx]
70J25 Stability for problems in linear vibration theory
70H03 Lagrange’s equations

70H05 Hamilton’s equations 70J30 Free motions in linear vibration theory

70H06 Completely integrable systems and methods of 70J35 Forced motions in linear vibration theory
integration for problems in Hamiltonian and La-
grangian mechanics 70J40 Parametric resonances in linear vibration theory
70H07 Nonintegrable systems for problems in Hamilto-
nian and Lagrangian mechanics 70J50 Systems arising from the discretization of struc-
tural vibration problems
70H08 Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM
theory 70J99 None of the above, but in this section

122

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70Kxx Nonlinear dynamics in mechanics 70Mxx Orbital mechanics
[See also 34Cxx, 37-XX] 70M20 Orbital mechanics
70K05 Phase plane analysis, limit cycles for nonlinear 70M99 None of the above, but in this section
problems in mechanics

70K20 Stability for nonlinear problems in mechanics 70Pxx Variable mass, rockets
70K25 Free motions for nonlinear problems in mechan- 70P05 Variable mass, rockets
ics 70P99 None of the above, but in this section
70K28 Parametric resonances for nonlinear problems in
mechanics 70Qxx Control of mechanical systems [See
also 60Gxx, 60Jxx]
70K30 Nonlinear resonances for nonlinear problems in
mechanics 70Q05 Control of mechanical systems

70K40 Forced motions for nonlinear problems in me- 70Q99 None of the above, but in this section
chanics

70K42 Equilibria and periodic trajectories for nonlinear

70Sxx Classical field theories [See also
problems in mechanics 37Kxx, 37Lxx, 78-XX, 81Txx, 83-XX]
70S05 Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formal-
70K43 Quasi-periodic motions and invariant tori for
ism in mechanics of particles and systems
nonlinear problems in mechanics
70S10 Symmetries and conservation laws in mechanics
70K44 Homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories for non- of particles and systems
linear problems in mechanics
70S15 Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics
70K45 Normal forms for nonlinear problems in mechan- of particles and systems
ics
70S20 More general nonquantum field theories in me-
70K50 Bifurcations and instability for nonlinear prob- chanics of particles and systems
lems in mechanics
70S99 None of the above, but in this section
70K55 Transition to stochasticity (chaotic behavior) for
nonlinear problems in mechanics [See also 37D45]
74-XX Mechanics of deformable
70K60 General perturbation schemes for nonlinear
problems in mechanics
solids
70K65 Averaging of perturbations for nonlinear prob- 74-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
lems in mechanics bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to mechanics of de-
formable solids
70K70 Systems with slow and fast motions for nonlinear
74-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
problems in mechanics
pers, etc.) pertaining to mechanics of deformable
70K75 Nonlinear modes solids

70K99 None of the above, but in this section 74-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to mechanics of deformable solids
70Lxx Random and stochastic aspects of 74-03 History of mechanics of deformable solids [Con-
the mechanics of particles and systems sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
tion 01]
70L05 Random vibrations in mechanics of particles and
systems [See also 74H50] 74-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to mechanics of deformable solids
70L10 Stochastic geometric mechanics
74-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to me-
70L99 None of the above, but in this section chanics of deformable solids

123

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74-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 74Cxx Plastic materials, materials of
taining to mechanics of deformable solids stress-rate and internal-variable type
74-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob- 74C05 Small-strain, rate-independent theories of plas-
lems pertaining to mechanics of deformable solids ticity (including rigid-plastic and elasto-plastic ma-
terials)
74-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mechan-
ics of deformable solids 74C10 Small-strain, rate-dependent theories of plastic-
ity (including theories of viscoplasticity)
74Axx Generalities, axiomatics, founda-
74C15 Large-strain, rate-independent theories of plas-
tions of continuum mechanics of solids
ticity (including nonlinear plasticity)
74A05 Kinematics of deformation
74C20 Large-strain, rate-dependent theories of plastic-
74A10 Stress ity

74A15 Thermodynamics in solid mechanics 74C99 None of the above, but in this section
74A20 Theory of constitutive functions in solid mechan-
ics 74Dxx Materials of strain-rate type and
74A25 Molecular, statistical, and kinetic theories in history type, other materials with mem-
solid mechanics ory (including elastic materials with vis-
cous damping, various viscoelastic materi-
74A30 Nonsimple materials als)
74A35 Polar materials 74D05 Linear constitutive equations for materials with
memory
74A40 Random materials and composite materials
74D10 Nonlinear constitutive equations for materials
74A45 Theories of fracture and damage
with memory
74A50 Structured surfaces and interfaces, coexistent
phases 74D99 None of the above, but in this section

74A55 Theories of friction (tribology)

74Exx Material properties given special
74A60 Micromechanical theories treatment
74A65 Reactive materials 74E05 Inhomogeneity in solid mechanics

74A70 Peridynamics 74E10 Anisotropy in solid mechanics

74A99 None of the above, but in this section 74E15 Crystalline structure

74Bxx Elastic materials 74E20 Granularity

74B05 Classical linear elasticity 74E25 Texture in solid mechanics

74B10 Linear elasticity with initial stresses 74E30 Composite and mixture properties
74B15 Equations linearized about a deformed state
(small deformations superposed on large) 74E35 Random structure in solid mechanics

74B20 Nonlinear elasticity 74E40 Chemical structure in solid mechanics

74B99 None of the above, but in this section 74E99 None of the above, but in this section

124

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74Fxx Coupling of solid mechanics with 74Hxx Dynamical problems in solid me-
other effects chanics
74F05 Thermal effects in solid mechanics 74H05 Explicit solutions of dynamical problems in solid
mechanics
74F10 Fluid-solid interactions (including aero- and
hydro-elasticity, porosity, etc.) 74H10 Analytic approximation of solutions (perturba-
tion methods, asymptotic methods, series, etc.) of
74F15 Electromagnetic effects in solid mechanics dynamical problems in solid mechanics
74F20 Mixture effects in solid mechanics 74H15 Numerical approximation of solutions of dynam-
ical problems in solid mechanics
74F25 Chemical and reactive effects in solid mechanics
74H20 Existence of solutions of dynamical problems in
74F99 None of the above, but in this section
solid mechanics

74Gxx Equilibrium (steady-state) prob- 74H25 Uniqueness of solutions of dynamical problems

in solid mechanics
lems in solid mechanics
74G05 Explicit solutions of equilibrium problems in 74H30 Regularity of solutions of dynamical problems in
solid mechanics solid mechanics

74G10 Analytic approximation of solutions (perturba- 74H35 Singularities, blow-up, stress concentrations for
tion methods, asymptotic methods, series, etc.) of dynamical problems in solid mechanics
equilibrium problems in solid mechanics 74H40 Long-time behavior of solutions for dynamical
74G15 Numerical approximation of solutions of equilib- problems in solid mechanics
rium problems in solid mechanics 74H45 Vibrations in dynamical problems in solid me-
chanics
74G22 Existence of solutions of equilibrium problems in
solid mechanics 74H50 Random vibrations in dynamical problems in
solid mechanics
74G30 Uniqueness of solutions of equilibrium problems
in solid mechanics 74H55 Stability of dynamical problems in solid mechan-
ics
74G35 Multiplicity of solutions of equilibrium problems
in solid mechanics 74H60 Dynamical bifurcation of solutions to dynamical
problems in solid mechanics
74G40 Regularity of solutions of equilibrium problems
in solid mechanics 74H65 Chaotic behavior of solutions to dynamical prob-
lems in solid mechanics
74G45 Bounds for solutions of equilibrium problems in
solid mechanics 74H75 Inverse problems in dynamical solid mechanics
74G50 Saint-Venant’s principle 74H80 Energy minimization in dynamical problems in
solid mechanics
74G55 Qualitative behavior of solutions of equilibrium
problems in solid mechanics 74H99 None of the above, but in this section

74G60 Bifurcation and buckling

74Jxx Waves in solid mechanics
74G65 Energy minimization in equilibrium problems in
74J05 Linear waves in solid mechanics
solid mechanics
74J10 Bulk waves in solid mechanics
74G70 Stress concentrations, singularities in solid me-
chanics 74J15 Surface waves in solid mechanics
74G75 Inverse problems in equilibrium solid mechanics 74J20 Wave scattering in solid mechanics

74G99 None of the above, but in this section 74J25 Inverse problems for waves in solid mechanics

125

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74J30 Nonlinear waves in solid mechanics 74Nxx Phase transformations in solids
[See also 74A50, 80Axx, 82B26, 82C26]
74J35 Solitary waves in solid mechanics
74N05 Crystals in solids
74J40 Shocks and related discontinuities in solid me- 74N10 Displacive transformations in solids
chanics
74N15 Analysis of microstructure in solids
74J99 None of the above, but in this section
74N20 Dynamics of phase boundaries in solids
74N25 Transformations involving diffusion in solids
74Kxx Thin bodies, structures
74N30 Problems involving hysteresis in solids
74K05 Strings
74N99 None of the above, but in this section
74K10 Rods (beams, columns, shafts, arches, rings, etc.)
74Pxx Optimization problems in solid me-
74K15 Membranes chanics [See also 49Qxx]
74K20 Plates 74P05 Compliance or weight optimization in solid me-
chanics
74K25 Shells
74P10 Optimization of other properties in solid mechan-
ics
74K30 Junctions
74P15 Topological methods for optimization problems
74K35 Thin films in solid mechanics

74K99 None of the above, but in this section 74P20 Geometrical methods for optimization problems
in solid mechanics

74Lxx Special subfields of solid mechanics 74P99 None of the above, but in this section
74L05 Geophysical solid mechanics [See also 86-XX] 74Qxx Homogenization, determination of
effective properties in solid mechanics
74L10 Soil and rock mechanics
74Q05 Homogenization in equilibrium problems of solid
74L15 Biomechanical solid mechanics [See also 92C10] mechanics
74Q10 Homogenization and oscillations in dynamical
74L99 None of the above, but in this section
problems of solid mechanics
74Q15 Effective constitutive equations in solid mechan-
74Mxx Special kinds of problems in solid ics
mechanics
74Q20 Bounds on effective properties in solid mechanics
74M05 Control, switches and devices (“smart materi-
als”) in solid mechanics [See also 93Cxx] 74Q99 None of the above, but in this section

74M10 Friction in solid mechanics 74Rxx Fracture and damage

74R05 Brittle damage
74M15 Contact in solid mechanics
74R10 Brittle fracture
74M20 Impact in solid mechanics
74R15 High-velocity fracture
74M25 Micromechanics of solids 74R20 Anelastic fracture and damage
74M99 None of the above, but in this section 74R99 None of the above, but in this section

126

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74Sxx Numerical and other methods in 76-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
solid mechanics [See also 65-XX, 74G15, lems pertaining to fluid mechanics
74H15] 76-11 Research data for problems pertaining to fluid me-
74S05 Finite element methods applied to problems in chanics
solid mechanics
74S10 Finite volume methods applied to problems in 76Axx Foundations, constitutive equa-
solid mechanics tions, rheology, hydrodynamical models of
non-fluid phenomena
74S15 Boundary element methods applied to problems
in solid mechanics 76A02 Foundations of fluid mechanics
74S20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in 76A05 Non-Newtonian fluids
solid mechanics
76A10 Viscoelastic fluids
74S22 Isogeometric methods applied to problems in
solid mechanics 76A15 Liquid crystals [See also 82D30]

74S25 Spectral and related methods applied to problems 76A20 Thin fluid films
in solid mechanics
76A25 Superfluids (classical aspects)
74S40 Applications of fractional calculus in solid me-
chanics 76A30 Traffic and pedestrian flow models

74S50 Applications of graph theory in solid mechanics 76A99 None of the above, but in this section
74S60 Stochastic and other probabilistic methods ap-
plied to problems in solid mechanics 76Bxx Incompressible inviscid fluids
74S70 Complex-variable methods applied to problems in 76B03 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for
solid mechanics incompressible inviscid fluids [See also 35Q35]

74S99 None of the above, but in this section 76B07 Free-surface potential flows for incompressible in-
viscid fluids

76-XX Fluid mechanics {For gen- 76B10 Jets and cavities, cavitation, free-streamline the-
ory, water-entry problems, airfoil and hydrofoil the-
eral continuum mechanics, see ory, sloshing
74Axx, or other parts of 74-XX}
76B15 Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scat-
76-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, tering, nonlinear interaction [See also 35Q30]
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to fluid mechanics
76B20 Ship waves
76-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to fluid mechanics 76B25 Solitary waves for incompressible inviscid fluids
[See also 35C11]
76-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to fluid mechanics 76B45 Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible
inviscid fluids [See also 76D45]
76-03 History of fluid mechanics [Consider also classifi-
cation numbers pertaining to Section 01] 76B47 Vortex flows for incompressible inviscid fluids

76-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 76B55 Internal waves for incompressible inviscid fluids
ing to fluid mechanics
76B70 Stratification effects in inviscid fluids
76-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to
fluid mechanics 76B75 Flow control and optimization for incompressible
inviscid fluids [See also 49Q10, 93C20, 93C95]
76-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to fluid mechanics 76B99 None of the above, but in this section

127

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76Dxx Incompressible viscous fluids 76Fxx Turbulence [See also 37-XX, 60Gxx,
76D03 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for 60Jxx]
incompressible viscous fluids [See also 35Q30] 76F02 Fundamentals of turbulence
76D05 Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible vis-
76F05 Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
cous fluids [See also 35Q30]
76D06 Statistical solutions of Navier-Stokes and related 76F06 Transition to turbulence
equations [See also 60H30, 76M35]
76F10 Shear flows and turbulence
76D07 Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows
76F20 Dynamical systems approach to turbulence [See
76D08 Lubrication theory also 37-XX]
76D09 Viscous-inviscid interaction
76F25 Turbulent transport, mixing
76D10 Boundary-layer theory, separation and reattach-
ment, higher-order effects 76F30 Renormalization and other field-theoretical
methods for turbulence [See also 81T99]
76D17 Viscous vortex flows
76F35 Convective turbulence [See also 76E15, 76Rxx]
76D25 Wakes and jets
76D27 Other free boundary flows; Hele-Shaw flows 76F40 Turbulent boundary layers

76D33 Waves for incompressible viscous fluids 76F45 Stratification effects in turbulence
76D45 Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible 76F50 Compressibility effects in turbulence
viscous fluids [See also 76B45]
76F55 Statistical turbulence modeling [See also 76M35]
76D50 Stratification effects in viscous fluids
76D55 Flow control and optimization for incompressible 76F60 k-ε modeling in turbulence
viscous fluids [See also 49Q10, 93C20, 93C95]
76F65 Direct numerical and large eddy simulation of
76D99 None of the above, but in this section turbulence

76F70 Control of turbulent flows

76Exx Hydrodynamic stability
76E05 Parallel shear flows in hydrodynamic stability 76F80 Turbulent combustion; reactive turbulence

76E06 Convection in hydrodynamic stability 76F99 None of the above, but in this section
76E07 Rotation in hydrodynamic stability
76Gxx General aerodynamics and sub-
76E09 Stability and instability of nonparallel flows in
hydrodynamic stability sonic flows
76E15 Absolute and convective instability and stability 76G25 General aerodynamics and subsonic flows
in hydrodynamic stability
76G99 None of the above, but in this section
76E17 Interfacial stability and instability in hydrody-
namic stability
76Hxx Transonic flows
76E19 Compressibility effects in hydrodynamic stability
76H05 Transonic flows
76E20 Stability and instability of geophysical and astro-
physical flows 76H99 None of the above, but in this section

76E25 Stability and instability of magnetohydrody-

namic and electrohydrodynamic flows 76Jxx Supersonic flows
76E30 Nonlinear effects in hydrodynamic stability 76J20 Supersonic flows

76E99 None of the above, but in this section 76J99 None of the above, but in this section

128

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76Kxx Hypersonic flows 76M60 Symmetry analysis, Lie group and Lie algebra
methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics
76K05 Hypersonic flows
76M99 None of the above, but in this section
76K99 None of the above, but in this section
76Nxx Compressible fluids and gas dy-
76Lxx Shock waves and blast waves in fluid namics, general
mechanics [See also 35L67]
76N06 Compressible Navier-Stokes equations
76L05 Shock waves and blast waves in fluid mechanics
[See also 35L67] 76N10 Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for
compressible fluids and gas dynamics [See also
76L99 None of the above, but in this section 35L60, 35L65, 35Q30]
76N15 Gas dynamics, general
76Mxx Basic methods in fluid mechanics
[See also 65-XX] 76N17 Viscous-inviscid interaction for compressible flu-
ids and gas dynamics
76M10 Finite element methods applied to problems in
fluid mechanics 76N20 Boundary-layer theory for compressible fluids
and gas dynamics
76M12 Finite volume methods applied to problems in
fluid mechanics 76N25 Flow control and optimization for compressible
fluids and gas dynamics
76M15 Boundary element methods applied to problems
76N30 Waves in compressible fluids
in fluid mechanics
76N99 None of the above, but in this section
76M20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in
fluid mechanics
76Pxx Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann
76M21 Inverse problems in fluid mechanics equation in fluid mechanics [See also
76M22 Spectral methods applied to problems in fluid 82B40, 82C40, 82D05]
mechanics 76P05 Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation in fluid
mechanics [See also 82B40, 82C40, 82D05]
76M23 Vortex methods applied to problems in fluid me-
chanics 76P99 None of the above, but in this section

76M27 Visualization algorithms applied to problems in

fluid mechanics 76Qxx Hydro- and aero-acoustics
76Q05 Hydro- and aero-acoustics
76M28 Particle methods and lattice-gas methods
76Q99 None of the above, but in this section
76M30 Variational methods applied to problems in fluid
mechanics
76Rxx Diffusion and convection
76M35 Stochastic analysis applied to problems in fluid
76R05 Forced convection
mechanics
76R10 Free convection
76M40 Complex variables methods applied to problems
in fluid mechanics 76R50 Diffusion [See also 60J60]

76M45 Asymptotic methods, singular perturbations ap- 76R99 None of the above, but in this section
plied to problems in fluid mechanics
76Sxx Flows in porous media; filtration;
76M50 Homogenization applied to problems in fluid me-
chanics
seepage
76S05 Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage
76M55 Dimensional analysis and similarity applied to
problems in fluid mechanics 76S99 None of the above, but in this section

129

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76Txx Multiphase and multicomponent 76Zxx Biological fluid mechanics [See also
flows 74F10, 74L15, 92Cxx]
76T06 Liquid-liquid two component flows
76Z05 Physiological flows [See also 92C35]
76T10 Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly flows
76T15 Dusty-gas two-phase flows 76Z10 Biopropulsion in water and in air
76T17 Two gas multicomponent flows
76Z99 None of the above, but in this section
76T20 Suspensions
76T25 Granular flows [See also 74C99, 74E20]
76T30 Three or more component flows
78-XX Optics, electromagnetic the-
76T99 None of the above, but in this section
ory {For quantum optics, see
76Uxx Rotating fluids 81V80}
76U05 General theory of rotating fluids
78-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
76U60 Geophysical flows [See also 86A05, 86A10] bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to optics and elec-
tromagnetic theory
76U65 Rossby waves [See also 86A05, 86A10]
76U99 None of the above, but in this section 78-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to optics and electromagnetic
76Vxx Reaction effects in flows [See also theory
80A32]
76V05 Reaction effects in flows [See also 80A32] 78-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to optics and electromagnetic theory
76V99 None of the above, but in this section

76Wxx Magnetohydrodynamics and elec- 78-03 History of optics and electromagnetic theory [Con-
trohydrodynamics sider also classification numbers pertaining to Sec-
tion 01]
76W05 Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrody-
namics
78-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
76W99 None of the above, but in this section ing to optics and electromagnetic theory

76Xxx Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic

fields; plasmic flow [See also 82D10] 78-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to op-
tics and electromagnetic theory
76X05 Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic fields; plas-
mic flow [See also 82D10]
78-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
76X99 None of the above, but in this section taining to optics and electromagnetic theory

76Yxx Quantum hydrodynamics and rela-

78-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
tivistic hydrodynamics [See also 82D50,
lems pertaining to optics and electromagnetic the-
83C55, 85A30] ory
76Y05 Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydro-
dynamics [See also 82D50, 83C55, 85A30]
78-11 Research data for problems pertaining to optics
76Y99 None of the above, but in this section and electromagnetic theory

130

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78Axx General 78M10 Finite element, Galerkin and related methods
applied to problems in optics and electromagnetic
78A02 Foundations in optics and electromagnetic the-
theory
ory
78M12 Finite volume methods, finite integration tech-
78A05 Geometric optics niques applied to problems in optics and electro-
magnetic theory
78A10 Physical optics
78M15 Boundary element methods applied to problems
78A15 Electron optics in optics and electromagnetic theory
78A20 Space charge waves 78M16 Multipole methods applied to problems in optics
and electromagnetic theory
78A25 Electromagnetic theory, general
78M20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in
78A30 Electro- and magnetostatics optics and electromagnetic theory

78A35 Motion of charged particles 78M22 Spectral, collocation and related methods ap-
plied to problems in optics and electromagnetic the-
78A37 Ion traps ory
78A40 Waves and radiation in optics and electromag- 78M30 Variational methods applied to problems in op-
netic theory tics and electromagnetic theory

78A45 Diffraction, scattering {For WKB methods see 78M31 Monte Carlo methods applied to problems in op-
34E20} tics and electromagnetic theory
78M32 Neural and heuristic methods applied to prob-
78A46 Inverse problems (including inverse scattering) in
lems in optics and electromagnetic theory
optics and electromagnetic theory
78M34 Model reduction in optics and electromagnetic
78A48 Composite media; random media in optics and theory
electromagnetic theory
78M35 Asymptotic analysis in optics and electromag-
78A50 Antennas, waveguides in optics and electromag- netic theory
netic theory
78M40 Homogenization in optics and electromagnetic
78A55 Technical applications of optics and electromag- theory
netic theory
78M50 Optimization problems in optics and electro-
78A57 Electrochemistry magnetic theory
78M99 None of the above, but in this section
78A60 Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear op-
tics [See also 81V80]

78A70 Biological applications of optics and electromag-

80-XX Classical thermodynamics,
netic theory [See also 91D30, 92C30] heat transfer {For thermodynamics
78A97 Mathematically heuristic optics and electromag- of solids, see 74A15}
netic theory (must also be assigned at least one
80-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
other classification number in Section 78)
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to classical thermo-
78A99 None of the above, but in this section dynamics
80-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
78Mxx Basic methods for problems in op- pers, etc.) pertaining to classical thermodynamics
tics and electromagnetic theory [See also 80-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
65-XX] pertaining to classical thermodynamics
78M05 Method of moments applied to problems in op- 80-03 History of classical thermodynamics [Consider
tics and electromagnetic theory also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]

131

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80-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- 80M20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in
ing to classical thermodynamics thermodynamics and heat transfer

80-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to 80M22 Spectral, collocation and related (meshless)
classical thermodynamics methods applied to problems in thermodynamics
and heat transfer
80-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to classical thermodynamics 80M30 Variational methods applied to problems in ther-
modynamics and heat transfer
80-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to classical thermodynamics 80M31 Monte Carlo methods applied to problems in
thermodynamics and heat transfer
80-11 Research data for problems pertaining to classical
thermodynamics 80M35 Asymptotic analysis for problems in thermody-
namics and heat transfer
80Axx Thermodynamics and heat transfer
80M40 Homogenization for problems in thermodynam-
80A05 Foundations of thermodynamics and heat trans- ics and heat transfer
fer
80M50 Optimization problems in thermodynamics and
80A10 Classical and relativistic thermodynamics heat transfer
80A17 Thermodynamics of continua [See also 74A15] 80M60 Stochastic analysis in thermodynamics and heat
80A19 Diffusive and convective heat and mass transfer, transfer
heat flow 80M99 None of the above, but in this section
80A21 Radiative heat transfer

80A22 Stefan problems, phase changes, etc. [See also 81-XX Quantum theory
74Nxx]
81-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
80A23 Inverse problems in thermodynamics and heat bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to quantum theory
transfer
81-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
80A25 Combustion pers, etc.) pertaining to quantum theory
80A30 Chemical kinetics in thermodynamics and heat 81-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
transfer [See also 76V05, 92C45, 92E20] pertaining to quantum theory
80A32 Chemically reacting flows [See also 92C45, 81-03 History of quantum theory [Consider also classifi-
92E20] cation numbers pertaining to Section 01]
80A50 Chemistry (general) in thermodynamics and heat 81-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
transfer [See mainly 92Exx] ing to quantum theory
80A99 None of the above, but in this section
81-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to
quantum theory
80Mxx Basic methods in thermodynamics
and heat transfer [See also 65-XX] 81-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to quantum theory
80M10 Finite element, Galerkin and related methods
applied to problems in thermodynamics and heat 81-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
transfer to quantum theory

80M12 Finite volume methods applied to problems in 81-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
thermodynamics and heat transfer lems pertaining to quantum theory

80M15 Boundary element methods applied to problems 81-11 Research data for problems pertaining to quantum
in thermodynamics and heat transfer theory

132

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81Pxx Foundations, quantum information 81Qxx General mathematical topics and
and its processing, quantum axioms, and methods in quantum theory
philosophy
81Q05 Closed and approximate solutions to the
81P05 General and philosophical questions in quantum Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equa-
theory tions of quantum mechanics
81P10 Logical foundations of quantum mechanics;
quantum logic (quantum-theoretic aspects) [See 81Q10 Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory,
also 03G12, 06C15] including spectral analysis

81P13 Contextuality in quantum theory

81Q12 Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum the-
81P15 Quantum measurement theory, state operations, ory including creation and destruction operators
state preparations
81P16 Quantum state spaces, operational and proba- 81Q15 Perturbation theories for operators and differen-
bilistic concepts tial equations in quantum theory

81P17 Quantum entropies 81Q20 Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and

81P18 Quantum state tomography, quantum state dis- Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum
crimination theory

81P20 Stochastic mechanics (including stochastic elec- 81Q30 Feynman integrals and graphs; applications of al-
trodynamics) gebraic topology and algebraic geometry [See also
81P40 Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum 14D05, 32S40]
correlations
81Q35 Quantum mechanics on special spaces: mani-
81P42 Entanglement measures, concurrencies, separa-
folds, fractals, graphs, lattices [See also 81R20]
bility criteria
81P43 Quantum discord 81Q37 Quantum dots, waveguides, ratchets, etc. [See
81P45 Quantum information, communication, net- also 82D20, 82D77]
works (quantum-theoretic aspects) [See also 94A15,
94A17] 81Q40 Bethe-Salpeter and other integral equations aris-
ing in quantum theory
81P47 Quantum channels, fidelity [See also 94A40]
81P48 LOCC, teleportation, dense coding, remote state 81Q50 Quantum chaos [See also 37Dxx]
operations, distillation
81P50 Quantum state estimation, approximate cloning 81Q60 Supersymmetry and quantum mechanics

81P55 Special bases (entangled, mutual unbiased, etc.) 81Q65 Alternative quantum mechanics (including hid-
81P65 Quantum gates den variables, etc.)

81P68 Quantum computation [See also 68Q09] {For al-

81Q70 Differential geometric methods, including holon-
gorithmic aspects, see 68Q12}
omy, Berry and Hannay phases, Aharonov-Bohm
81P70 Quantum coding (general) effect, etc. in quantum theory

81P73 Computational stability and error-correcting

codes for quantum computation and communica- 81Q80 Special quantum systems, such as solvable sys-
tion processing tems

81P94 Quantum cryptography (quantum-theoretic as- 81Q93 Quantum control

pects) [See also 94A60]
81P99 None of the above, but in this section 81Q99 None of the above, but in this section

133

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81Rxx Groups and algebras in quantum 81S30 Phase-space methods including Wigner distribu-
theory tions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechan-
ics
81R05 Finite-dimensional groups and algebras moti-
vated by physics and their representations [See also 81S40 Path integrals in quantum mechanics [See also
20C35, 22E70] 58D30, 81Q30, 81T18]

81R10 Infinite-dimensional groups and algebras moti- 81S99 None of the above, but in this section
vated by physics, including Virasoro, Kac-Moody,
W -algebras and other current algebras and their 81Txx Quantum field theory; related clas-
representations [See also 17B65, 17B67, 22E65, sical field theories [See also 70Sxx]
22E67, 22E70]
81T05 Axiomatic quantum field theory; operator alge-
81R12 Groups and algebras in quantum theory and re- bras
lations with integrable systems [See also 17Bxx,
37J35] 81T08 Constructive quantum field theory

81R15 Operator algebra methods applied to problems 81T10 Model quantum field theories
in quantum theory [See also 46Lxx, 81T05] 81T11 Higher spin theories
81R20 Covariant wave equations in quantum theory, rel- 81T12 Effective quantum field theories
ativistic quantum mechanics [See also 81Q35]
81T13 Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum
81R25 Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems field theory [See also 53C07, 58E15]
in quantum theory [See also 32L25]
81T15 Perturbative methods of renormalization applied
81R30 Coherent states [See also 22E45]; squeezed states to problems in quantum field theory
in quantum theory [See also 81V80]
81T16 Nonperturbative methods of renormalization ap-
81R40 Symmetry breaking in quantum theory plied to problems in quantum field theory

81R50 Quantum groups and related algebraic methods 81T17 Renormalization group methods applied to prob-
applied to problems in quantum theory [See also lems in quantum field theory
16T20, 17B37]
81T18 Feynman diagrams
81R60 Noncommutative geometry in quantum theory 81T20 Quantum field theory on curved space or space-
time backgrounds
81R99 None of the above, but in this section
81T25 Quantum field theory on lattices
81Sxx General quantum mechanics and 81T27 Continuum limits in quantum field theory
problems of quantization
81T28 Thermal quantum field theory [See also 82B30]
81S05 Commutation relations and statistics as related
to quantum mechanics (general) 81T30 String and superstring theories; other extended
objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory [See
81S07 Uncertainty relations, also entropic also 83E30]
81S08 Canonical quantization 81T32 Matrix models and tensor models for quantum
field theory
81S10 Geometry and quantization, symplectic methods
[See also 53D50] 81T33 Dimensional compactification in quantum field
theory
81S20 Stochastic quantization
81T35 Correspondence, duality, holography (AdS/CFT,
81S22 Open systems, reduced dynamics, master equa- gauge/gravity, etc.) [See also 83E05]
tions, decoherence [See also 82C31]
81T40 Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field
81S25 Quantum stochastic calculus theories, etc. in quantum mechanics

134

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81T45 Topological field theories in quantum mechanics 81V19 Other fundamental interactions in quantum the-
[See also 57R56, 58Dxx] ory

81T50 Anomalies in quantum field theory 81V22 Unified quantum theories

81V25 Other elementary particle theory in quantum
81T55 Casimir effect in quantum field theory
theory
81T60 Supersymmetric field theories in quantum me- 81V27 Anyons
chanics
81V35 Nuclear physics
81T70 Quantization in field theory; cohomological
methods [See also 58D29] 81V45 Atomic physics
81V55 Molecular physics [See also 92E10]
81T75 Noncommutative geometry methods in quantum
field theory [See also 46L85, 46L87, 58B34] 81V60 Mono-, di- and multipole moments (EM and
other), gyromagnetic relations
81T99 None of the above, but in this section
81V65 Quantum dots as quasi particles [See also 82D20]

81Uxx Quantum scattering theory [See 81V70 Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect
also 34A55, 34L25, 34L40, 35P25, 47A40] 81V72 Particle exchange symmetries in quantum theory
(general)
81U05 2-body potential quantum scattering theory {For
WKB methods, see also 34E20} 81V73 Bosonic systems in quantum theory
81U10 n-body potential quantum scattering theory 81V74 Fermionic systems in quantum theory

81U15 Exactly and quasi-solvable systems arising in 81V80 Quantum optics

quantum theory 81V99 None of the above, but in this section
81U20 S-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory
82-XX Statistical mechanics, struc-
81U24 Resonances in quantum scattering theory
ture of matter
81U26 Tunneling in quantum theory
82-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
81U30 Dispersion theory, dispersion relations arising in bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to statistical me-
quantum theory chanics
81U35 Inelastic and multichannel quantum scattering 82-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to statistical mechanics
81U40 Inverse scattering problems in quantum theory
82-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
81U90 Particle decays in scattering pertaining to statistical mechanics

81U99 None of the above, but in this section 82-03 History of statistical mechanics [Consider also
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
81Vxx Applications of quantum theory to 82-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
specific physical systems ing to statistical mechanics

81V05 Strong interaction, including quantum chromo- 82-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to sta-
dynamics tistical mechanics
82-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
81V10 Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrody-
taining to statistical mechanics
namics
82-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
81V15 Weak interaction in quantum theory lems pertaining to statistical mechanics
81V17 Gravitational interaction in quantum theory [See 82-11 Research data for problems pertaining to statisti-
also 83Cxx, 83Exx] cal mechanics

135

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82Bxx Equilibrium statistical mechanics 82Cxx Time-dependent statistical me-
chanics (dynamic and nonequilibrium)
82B03 Foundations of equilibrium statistical mechanics
82C03 Foundations of time-dependent statistical me-
82B05 Classical equilibrium statistical mechanics (gen- chanics
eral)
82C05 Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical
82B10 Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (gen- mechanics (general)
eral) 82C10 Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statisti-
cal mechanics (general)
82B20 Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and
systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical 82C20 Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and
mechanics systems on graphs in time-dependent statistical me-
chanics
82B21 Continuum models (systems of particles, etc.)
arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics 82C21 Dynamic continuum models (systems of parti-
cles, etc.) in time-dependent statistical mechanics
82B23 Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz
82C22 Interacting particle systems in time-dependent
statistical mechanics [See also 60K35]
82B24 Interface problems; diffusion-limited aggregation
arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics 82C23 Exactly solvable dynamic models in time-
dependent statistical mechanics [See also 37K60]
82B26 Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statis-
tical mechanics 82C24 Interface problems; diffusion-limited aggregation
in time-dependent statistical mechanics
82B27 Critical phenomena in equilibrium statistical me-
82C26 Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions
chanics
(general) in statistical mechanics
82B28 Renormalization group methods in equilibrium 82C27 Dynamic critical phenomena in statistical me-
statistical mechanics [See also 81T17] chanics

82B30 Statistical thermodynamics [See also 80-XX] 82C28 Dynamic renormalization group methods applied
to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics
82B31 Stochastic methods applied to problems in equi- [See also 81T17]
librium statistical mechanics
82C31 Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin,
etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent sta-
82B35 Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-
tistical mechanics [See also 60H10]
Machlup theory [See also 92E20]
82C32 Neural nets applied to problems in time-
82B40 Kinetic theory of gases in equilibrium statistical dependent statistical mechanics [See also 68T05,
mechanics 91E40, 92B20]

82B41 Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, 82C35 Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-
etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics [See also Machlup theory
60G50, 82C41]
82C40 Kinetic theory of gases in time-dependent statis-
82B43 Percolation [See also 60K35] tical mechanics

82C41 Dynamics of random walks, random surfaces, lat-

82B44 Disordered systems (random Ising models, ran- tice animals, etc. in time-dependent statistical me-
dom Schrödinger operators, etc.) in equilibrium chanics [See also 60G50]
statistical mechanics
82C43 Time-dependent percolation in statistical me-
82B99 None of the above, but in this section chanics [See also 60K35]

136

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82C44 Dynamics of disordered systems (random Ising 82Mxx Basic methods in statistical me-
systems, etc.) in time-dependent statistical me- chanics [See also 65-XX]
chanics
82M10 Finite element, Galerkin and related methods
82C70 Transport processes in time-dependent statistical applied to problems in statistical mechanics
mechanics 82M12 Finite volume methods applied to problems in
statistical mechanics
82C99 None of the above, but in this section
82M15 Boundary element methods applied to problems
in statistical mechanics
82Dxx Applications of statistical mechan-
ics to specific types of physical systems 82M20 Finite difference methods applied to problems in
statistical mechanics
82D03 Statistical mechanical studies in condensed mat-
ter (general) 82M22 Spectral, collocation and related (meshless)
methods applied to problems in statistical mechan-
82D05 Statistical mechanical studies of gases ics
82M30 Variational methods applied to problems in sta-
82D10 Statistical mechanical studies of plasmas tistical mechanics
82D15 Statistical mechanical studies of liquids 82M31 Monte Carlo methods applied to problems in sta-
tistical mechanics [See also 65C05]
82D20 Statistical mechanical studies of solids
82M36 Computational density functional analysis in
82D25 Statistical mechanical studies of crystals {For statistical mechanics
crystallographic group theory, see 20H15} 82M37 Computational molecular dynamics in statistical
mechanics
82D30 Statistical mechanical studies of random media,
disordered materials (including liquid crystals and 82M60 Stochastic analysis in statistical mechanics [See
spin glasses) also 65C35]

82D35 Statistical mechanical studies of metals 82M99 None of the above, but in this section

82D37 Statistical mechanical studies of semiconductors 83-XX Relativity and gravitational

82D40 Statistical mechanical studies of magnetic mate- theory
rials
83-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
82D45 Statistical mechanical studies of ferroelectrics bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to relativity and
gravitational theory
82D50 Statistical mechanical studies of superfluids 83-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to relativity and gravitational
82D55 Statistical mechanical studies of superconductors theory
82D60 Statistical mechanical studies of polymers 83-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory
82D75 Nuclear reactor theory; neutron transport
83-03 History of relativity and gravitational theory
82D77 Quantum waveguides, quantum wires [See also [Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
78A50] Section 01]
83-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
82D80 Statistical mechanical studies of nanostructures ing to relativity and gravitational theory
and nanoparticles
83-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to rel-
82D99 None of the above, but in this section ativity and gravitational theory

137

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83-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- 83C40 Gravitational energy and conservation laws;
taining to relativity and gravitational theory groups of motions

83-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining 83C45 Quantization of the gravitational field
to relativity and gravitational theory 83C47 Methods of quantum field theory in general rela-
tivity and gravitational theory [See also 81T20]
83-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to relativity and gravitational the- 83C50 Electromagnetic fields in general relativity and
ory gravitational theory
83-11 Research data for problems pertaining to relativ- 83C55 Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field
ity and gravitational theory with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.)
83C56 Dark matter and dark energy
83Axx Special relativity
83C57 Black holes
83A05 Special relativity
83C60 Spinor and twistor methods in general relativity
83A99 None of the above, but in this section and gravitational theory; Newman-Penrose formal-
ism

83Bxx Observational and experimental 83C65 Methods of noncommutative geometry in general

questions in relativity and gravitational relativity [See also 58B34]
theory 83C75 Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc.
83B05 Observational and experimental questions in rel- 83C80 Analogues of general relativity in lower dimen-
ativity and gravitational theory sions

83B99 None of the above, but in this section 83C99 None of the above, but in this section

83Cxx General relativity 83Dxx Relativistic gravitational theories

other than Einstein’s, including asymmet-
83C05 Einstein’s equations (general structure, canonical
ric field theories
formalism, Cauchy problems)
83D05 Relativistic gravitational theories other than
83C10 Equations of motion in general relativity and Einstein’s, including asymmetric field theories
gravitational theory
83D99 None of the above, but in this section
83C15 Exact solutions to problems in general relativity
and gravitational theory 83Exx Unified, higher-dimensional and su-
83C20 Classes of solutions; algebraically special solu- per field theories
tions, metrics with symmetries for problems in gen- 83E05 Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle
eral relativity and gravitational theory [See also 81T35]
83C22 Einstein-Maxwell equations 83E15 Kaluza-Klein and other higher-dimensional theo-
ries
83C25 Approximation procedures, weak fields in general
relativity and gravitational theory 83E30 String and superstring theories in gravitational
theory [See also 81T30]
83C27 Lattice gravity, Regge calculus and other discrete
methods in general relativity and gravitational the- 83E50 Supergravity
ory 83E99 None of the above, but in this section
83C30 Asymptotic procedures (radiation, news func-
tions, H-spaces, etc.) in general relativity and grav- 83Fxx Cosmology
itational theory 83F05 Cosmology
83C35 Gravitational waves 83F99 None of the above, but in this section

138

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85-XX Astronomy and astro- 86-XX Geophysics [See also 76U05,
physics {For celestial mechanics, 76V05]
see 70F15} 86-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to geophysics
85-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to astronomy and 86-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
astrophysics pers, etc.) pertaining to geophysics
85-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 86-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pers, etc.) pertaining to astronomy and astro- pertaining to geophysics
physics
86-03 History of geophysics [Consider also classification
85-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) numbers pertaining to Section 01]
pertaining to astronomy and astrophysics
86-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
85-03 History of astronomy and astrophysics [Consider ing to geophysics
also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01]
86-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to
85-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- geophysics
ing to astronomy and astrophysics
86-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
85-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to as- taining to geophysics
tronomy and astrophysics
86-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
85-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per- to geophysics
taining to astronomy and astrophysics
86-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
85-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining lems pertaining to geophysics
to astronomy and astrophysics
86-11 Research data for problems pertaining to geo-
85-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob- physics
lems pertaining to astronomy and astrophysics

85-11 Research data for problems pertaining to astron-

86Axx Geophysics [See also 76U05, 76V05]
omy and astrophysics 86A04 General questions in geophysics

86A05 Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography [See also

85Axx Astronomy and astrophysics {For 76Bxx, 76E20, 76Q05, 76Rxx, 76U05]
celestial mechanics, see 70F15}
86A08 Climate science and climate modeling
85A04 General questions in astronomy and astrophysics
86A10 Meteorology and atmospheric physics [See also
85A05 Galactic and stellar dynamics 76Bxx, 76E20, 76N15, 76Q05, 76Rxx, 76U05]
85A15 Galactic and stellar structure 86A15 Seismology (including tsunami modeling), earth-
quakes
85A20 Planetary atmospheres
86A20 Potentials, prospecting
85A25 Radiative transfer in astronomy and astrophysics
86A22 Inverse problems in geophysics [See also 35R30]
85A30 Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems in
astronomy and astrophysics [See also 76Y05] 86A25 Geo-electricity and geomagnetism [See also
76W05, 78A25]
85A35 Statistical astronomy
86A30 Geodesy, mapping problems
85A40 Cosmology {For relativistic cosmology, see
83F05} 86A32 Geostatistics

85A99 None of the above, but in this section 86A40 Glaciology

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86A60 Geological problems 90B15 Stochastic network models in operations research
{For network control, see 93B70}
86A70 Vulcanology; magma and lava flow
90B18 Communication networks in operations research
86A99 None of the above, but in this section [See also 68M10, 68M12, 68M18, 94A05] {For net-
works as computational models, see 68Q06}

90-XX Operations research, math- 90B20 Traffic problems in operations research

ematical programming 90B22 Queues and service in operations research [See
also 60K25, 68M20]
90-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to operations re- 90B25 Reliability, availability, maintenance, inspection
search and mathematical programming in operations research [See also 60K10, 62N05]
90B30 Production models
90-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to operations research and 90B35 Deterministic scheduling theory in operations re-
mathematical programming search [See also 68M20]

90-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) 90B36 Stochastic scheduling theory in operations re-
pertaining to operations research and mathematical search [See also 68M20]
programming 90B40 Search theory
90-03 History of operations research and mathematical 90B50 Management decision making, including multiple
programming [Consider also classification numbers objectives [See also 90C29, 90C31, 91A35, 91B06]
pertaining to Section 01]
90B60 Marketing, advertising [See also 91B60]
90-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
90B70 Theory of organizations, manpower planning in
ing to operations research and mathematical pro-
operations research [See also 91D35]
gramming
90B80 Discrete location and assignment [See also
90-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to op- 90C10]
erations research and mathematical programming
90B85 Continuous location
90-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to operations research and mathematical 90B90 Case-oriented studies in operations research
programming 90B99 None of the above, but in this section
90-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to operations research and mathematical program- 90Cxx Mathematical programming [See
ming also 49Mxx, 65Kxx]
90-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob- 90C05 Linear programming
lems pertaining to operations research and math-
90C06 Large-scale problems in mathematical program-
ematical programming
ming
90-11 Research data for problems pertaining to opera- 90C08 Special problems of linear programming (trans-
tions research and mathematical programming portation, multi-index, data envelopment analysis,
etc.)
90Bxx Operations research and manage- 90C09 Boolean programming
ment science
90C10 Integer programming
90B05 Inventory, storage, reservoirs
90C11 Mixed integer programming
90B06 Transportation, logistics and supply chain man-
agement 90C15 Stochastic programming
90C17 Robustness in mathematical programming
90B10 Deterministic network models in operations re-
search {For network control, see 93B70} 90C20 Quadratic programming

140

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90C22 Semidefinite programming 90C70 Fuzzy and other nonstochastic uncertainty math-
ematical programming
90C23 Polynomial optimization
90C24 Tropical optimization (e.g., max-plus optimiza- 90C90 Applications of mathematical programming
tion)
90C25 Convex programming 90C99 None of the above, but in this section
90C26 Nonconvex programming, global optimization
90C27 Combinatorial optimization
90C29 Multi-objective and goal programming
91-XX Game theory, economics, fi-
90C30 Nonlinear programming
nance, and other social and behav-
ioral sciences
90C31 Sensitivity, stability, parametric optimization
90C32 Fractional programming 91-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to game theory, eco-
90C33 Complementarity and equilibrium problems and nomics, and finance
variational inequalities (finite dimensions) (aspects
of mathematical programming)
91-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
90C34 Semi-infinite programming pers, etc.) pertaining to game theory, economics,
90C35 Programming involving graphs or networks [See and finance
also 90C27]
90C39 Dynamic programming [See also 49L20] 91-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to game theory, economics, and finance
90C40 Markov and semi-Markov decision processes
90C46 Optimality conditions and duality in mathemat- 91-03 History of game theory, economics, and finance
ical programming [See also 49N15] [Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
Section 01]
90C47 Minimax problems in mathematical program-
ming [See also 49K35]
91-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
90C48 Programming in abstract spaces
ing to game theory, economics, and finance
90C49 Extreme-point and pivoting methods
90C51 Interior-point methods 91-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to
game theory, economics, and finance
90C52 Methods of reduced gradient type
90C53 Methods of quasi-Newton type 91-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
90C55 Methods of successive quadratic programming taining to game theory, economics, and finance
type
90C56 Derivative-free methods and methods using gen- 91-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
eralized derivatives [See also 49J52] to game theory, economics, and finance

90C57 Polyhedral combinatorics, branch-and-bound,

branch-and-cut 91-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to game theory, economics, and fi-
90C59 Approximation methods and heuristics in math- nance
ematical programming
90C60 Abstract computational complexity for mathe- 91-11 Research data for problems pertaining to game
matical programming problems [See also 68Q25] theory, economics, and finance

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91Axx Game theory 91A68 Algorithmic game theory and complexity [See
also 68Qxx, 68Wxx]
91A05 2-person games
91A70 Spaces of games
91A06 n-person games, n > 2
91A80 Applications of game theory
91A07 Games with infinitely many players
91A81 Quantum games
91A10 Noncooperative games
91A86 Game theory and fuzziness
91A11 Equilibrium refinements
91A90 Experimental studies
91A12 Cooperative games
91A99 None of the above, but in this section
91A14 Potential and congestion games
91A15 Stochastic games, stochastic differential games 91Bxx Mathematical economics {For
econometrics, see 62P20}
91A16 Mean field games (aspects of game theory) [See
also 35Q89, 49N80] 91B02 Fundamental topics (basic mathematics,
methodology; applicable to economics in general)
91A18 Games in extensive form
91B03 Mechanism design theory
91A20 Multistage and repeated games
91B05 Risk models (general) {For actuarial and finan-
91A22 Evolutionary games cial risk, see 91Gxx}

91A23 Differential games (aspects of game theory) [See 91B06 Decision theory [See also 62Cxx, 90B50, 91A35]
also 49N70]
91B08 Individual preferences
91A24 Positional games (pursuit and evasion, etc.) [See 91B10 Group preferences
also 49N75]
91B12 Voting theory
91A25 Dynamic games
91B14 Social choice
91A26 Rationality and learning in game theory
91B15 Welfare economics
91A27 Games with incomplete information, Bayesian
games 91B16 Utility theory [See also 91A30]

91A28 Signaling and communication in game theory 91B18 Public goods

91A30 Utility theory for games [See also 91B16] 91B24 Microeconomic theory (price theory and eco-
nomic markets)
91A35 Decision theory for games [See also 62Cxx,
91B26 Auctions, bargaining, bidding and selling, and
90B50, 91B06]
other market models
91A40 Other game-theoretic models
91B32 Resource and cost allocation (including fair divi-
91A43 Games involving graphs {For games on graphs, sion, apportionment, etc.)
see 05C57}
91B38 Production theory, theory of the firm
91A44 Games involving topology, set theory, or logic 91B39 Labor markets
91A46 Combinatorial games 91B41 Contract theory (moral hazard, adverse selec-
91A50 Discrete-time games tion)
91B42 Consumer behavior, demand theory
91A55 Games of timing
91B43 Principal-agent models
91A60 Probabilistic games; gambling [See also 60G40]
91B44 Economics of information
91A65 Hierarchical games (including Stackelberg
games) 91B50 General equilibrium theory

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91B51 Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium theory 91Dxx Mathematical sociology (including
anthropology)
91B52 Special types of economic equilibria
91D10 Models of societies, social and urban evolution
91B54 Special types of economic markets (including
Cournot, Bertrand) 91D15 Social learning

91B55 Economic dynamics 91D20 Mathematical geography and demography

91D25 Spatial models in sociology [See also 91B72]

91B60 Trade models
91D30 Social networks; opinion dynamics
91B62 Economic growth models
91D35 Manpower systems in sociology [See also 90B70,
91B64 Macroeconomic theory (monetary models, mod- 91B39]
els of taxation)
91D99 None of the above, but in this section
91B66 Multisectoral models in economics

91B68 Matching models 91Exx Mathematical psychology {For psy-

chometrics, see 62P15}
91B69 Heterogeneous agent models
91E10 Cognitive psychology
91B70 Stochastic models in economics
91E30 Psychophysics and psychophysiology; perception
91B72 Spatial models in economics [See also 91D25] 91E40 Memory and learning in psychology [See also
68T05]
91B74 Economic models of real-world systems (e.g.,
electricity markets, etc.) 91E45 Measurement and performance in psychology
91B76 Environmental economics (natural resource mod- 91E99 None of the above, but in this section
els, harvesting, pollution, etc.)

91B80 Applications of statistical and quantum mechan- 91Fxx Other social and behavioral sciences
ics to economics (econophysics) (mathematical treatment)
91F10 History, political science
91B82 Statistical methods; economic indices and mea-
sures [See also 62P20] 91F20 Linguistics [See also 03B65, 68T50]
91B84 Economic time series analysis {For statistical 91F99 None of the above, but in this section
theory of time series, see 62M10}

91B86 Mathematical economics and fuzziness 91Gxx Actuarial science and mathemati-
cal finance {For statistics, see 62P05}
91B99 None of the above, but in this section
91G05 Actuarial mathematics

91Cxx Social and behavioral sciences: gen- 91G10 Portfolio theory

eral topics {For statistics, see 62P25} 91G15 Financial markets
91C05 Measurement theory in the social and behavioral 91G20 Derivative securities (option pricing, hedging,
sciences etc.)
91C15 One- and multidimensional scaling in the social 91G30 Interest rates, asset pricing, etc. (stochastic
and behavioral sciences models)
91C20 Clustering in the social and behavioral sciences 91G40 Credit risk
[See also 62H30]
91G45 Financial networks (including contagion, sys-
91C99 None of the above, but in this section temic risk, regulation)

143

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 92Cxx Physiological, cellular and medical
91G50 Corporate finance (dividends, real options, etc.)
91G60 Numerical methods (including Monte Carlo topics
methods) 92C05 Biophysics
91G70 Statistical methods; risk measures [See also 92C10 Biomechanics [See also 74L15]
62P05, 62P20]
92C15 Developmental biology, pattern formation
91G80 Financial applications of other theories [See
also 35Q91, 37N40, 49N90, 60J70, 60K10, 60H30, 92C17 Cell movement (chemotaxis, etc.)
93E20] 92C20 Neural biology
91G99 None of the above, but in this section 92C30 Physiology (general)
92C32 Pathology, pathophysiology
92-XX Biology and other natural
92C35 Physiological flow [See also 76Z05]
sciences
92C37 Cell biology
92-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
92C40 Biochemistry, molecular biology
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to biology
92C42 Systems biology, networks
92-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to biology 92C45 Kinetics in biochemical problems (pharmacoki-
netics, enzyme kinetics, etc.) [See also 80A30]
92-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to biology 92C47 Biosensors (not for medical applications)
92-03 History of biology [Consider also classification 92C50 Medical applications (general)
numbers pertaining to Section 01]
92C55 Biomedical imaging and signal processing [See
92-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain- also 44A12, 65R10, 94A08, 94A12]
ing to biology
92C60 Medical epidemiology {For theoretical aspects,
92-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to bi- see 92D30}
ology
92C70 Microbiology
92-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to biology 92C75 Biotechnology

92-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining 92C80 Plant biology

to biology 92C99 None of the above, but in this section
92-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to biology 92Dxx Genetics and population dynamics
92-11 Research data for problems pertaining to biology 92D10 Genetics and epigenetics {For genetic algebras,
see 17D92}
92Bxx Mathematical biology in general 92D15 Problems related to evolution
92B05 General biology and biomathematics 92D20 Protein sequences, DNA sequences
92B10 Taxonomy, cladistics, statistics in mathematical 92D25 Population dynamics (general)
biology
92D30 Epidemiology {For medical applications, see
92B15 General biostatistics [See also 62P10] 92C60}
92B20 Neural networks for/in biological studies, artifi- 92D40 Ecology
cial life and related topics [See also 68T05, 82C32,
94Cxx] 92D45 Pest management
92B25 Biological rhythms and synchronization 92D50 Animal behavior
92B99 None of the above, but in this section 92D99 None of the above, but in this section

144

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92Exx Chemistry {For biochemistry, see 93Axx General systems theory
92C40} 93A05 Axiomatic systems theory
92E10 Molecular structure (graph-theoretic methods, 93A10 General systems
methods of differential topology, etc.)
93A13 Hierarchical systems
92E20 Classical flows, reactions, etc. in chemistry [See
93A14 Decentralized systems
also 80A30, 80A32]
93A15 Large-scale systems
92E99 None of the above, but in this section
93A16 Multi-agent systems

92Fxx Other natural sciences (mathemat- 93A99 None of the above, but in this section
ical treatment)
93Bxx Controllability, observability, and
92F05 Other natural sciences (mathematical treatment) system structure

92F99 None of the above, but in this section 93B03 Attainable sets, reachability
93B05 Controllability

93-XX Systems theory; control 93B07 Observability

{For optimal control, see 49-XX} 93B10 Canonical structure

93B11 System structure simplification
93-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries,
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to systems and con- 93B12 Variable structure systems
trol theory
93B15 Realizations from input-output data
93-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- 93B17 Transformations
pers, etc.) pertaining to systems and control theory
93B18 Linearizations
93-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
pertaining to systems and control theory 93B20 Minimal systems representations
93B24 Topological methods
93-03 History of systems and control theory [Consider
also classification numbers pertaining to Section 01] 93B25 Algebraic methods
93B27 Geometric methods
93-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to systems and control theory 93B28 Operator-theoretic methods [See also 47A48,
47A57, 47B35, 47N70]
93-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to sys-
tems and control theory 93B30 System identification
93B35 Sensitivity (robustness)
93-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to systems and control theory 93B36 H ∞ -control
93B45 Model predictive control
93-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to systems and control theory 93B47 Iterative learning control

93-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob- 93B50 Synthesis problems

lems pertaining to systems and control theory 93B51 Design techniques (robust design, computer-
aided design, etc.)
93-11 Research data for problems pertaining to systems
and control theory 93B52 Feedback control

145

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93B53 Observers 93C83 Control/observation systems involving comput-
ers (process control, etc.)
93B55 Pole and zero placement problems
93C85 Automated systems (robots, etc.) in control the-
93B60 Eigenvalue problems ory [See also 68T40, 70B15, 70Q05]
93B70 Networked control 93C95 Application models in control theory
93B99 None of the above, but in this section 93C99 None of the above, but in this section

93Cxx Model systems in control theory 93Dxx Stability of control systems

93C05 Linear systems in control theory 93D05 Lyapunov and other classical stabilities (La-
93C10 Nonlinear systems in control theory grange, Poisson, Lp , lp , etc.) in control theory

93C15 Control/observation systems governed by ordi- 93D09 Robust stability

nary differential equations [See also 34H05]
93D10 Popov-type stability of feedback systems
93C20 Control/observation systems governed by partial
93D15 Stabilization of systems by feedback
differential equations
93D20 Asymptotic stability in control theory
93C23 Control/observation systems governed by
functional-differential equations [See also 34K35] 93D21 Adaptive or robust stabilization
93C25 Control/observation systems in abstract spaces 93D23 Exponential stability
93C27 Impulsive control/observation systems 93D25 Input-output approaches in control theory
93C28 Positive control/observation systems 93D30 Lyapunov and storage functions
93C29 Boolean control/observation systems 93D40 Finite-time stability
93C30 Control/observation systems governed by func- 93D50 Consensus
tional relations other than differential equations
(such as hybrid and switching systems) 93D99 None of the above, but in this section

93C35 Multivariable systems, multidimensional control

systems 93Exx Stochastic systems and control
93E03 Stochastic systems in control theory (general)
93C40 Adaptive control/observation systems
93E10 Estimation and detection in stochastic control
93C41 Control/observation systems with incomplete in-
theory [See also 60G35]
formation
93E11 Filtering in stochastic control theory [See also
93C42 Fuzzy control/observation systems
60G35]
93C43 Delay control/observation systems
93E12 Identification in stochastic control theory
93C55 Discrete-time control/observation systems
93E14 Data smoothing in stochastic control theory
93C57 Sampled-data control/observation systems
93E15 Stochastic stability in control theory
93C62 Digital control/observation systems
93E20 Optimal stochastic control [See also 49J55,
93C65 Discrete event control/observation systems 49K45]

93C70 Time-scale analysis and singular perturbations in 93E24 Least squares and related methods for stochastic
control/observation systems control systems

93C73 Perturbations in control/observation systems 93E35 Stochastic learning and adaptive control

93C80 Frequency-response methods in control theory 93E99 None of the above, but in this section

146

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94-XX Information and communi- 94A16 Informational aspects of data analysis and big
data [See also 62R07, 68T09] {For homological as-
cation theory, circuits pects, see 55N31}
94-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 94A17 Measures of information, entropy
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to information and
communication theory 94A20 Sampling theory in information and communica-
tion theory
94-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa-
pers, etc.) pertaining to information and communi- 94A24 Coding theorems (Shannon theory)
cation theory
94A29 Source coding [See also 68P30]
94-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
94A34 Rate-distortion theory in information and com-
pertaining to information and communication the-
munication theory
ory
94A40 Channel models (including quantum) in informa-
94-03 History of information and communication theory
tion and communication theory [See also 81P47]
[Consider also classification numbers pertaining to
Section 01] 94A45 Prefix, length-variable, comma-free codes [See
also 20M35, 68Q45]
94-04 Software, source code, etc. for problems pertain-
ing to information and communication theory 94A50 Theory of questionnaires
94-05 Experimental work for problems pertaining to in- 94A55 Shift register sequences and sequences over finite
formation and communication theory alphabets in information and communication the-
ory
94-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to information and communication theory 94A60 Cryptography [See also 11T71, 14G50, 68P25,
81P94]
94-08 Computational methods for problems pertaining
to information and communication theory 94A62 Authentication, digital signatures and secret
sharing [See also 81P94]
94-10 Mathematical modeling or simulation for prob-
lems pertaining to information and communication 94A99 None of the above, but in this section
theory
94-11 Research data for problems pertaining to informa- 94Bxx Theory of error-correcting codes
tion and communication theory and error-detecting codes
94B05 Linear codes, general
94Axx Communication, information
94B10 Convolutional codes
94A05 Communication theory [See also 60G35, 90B18]
94B12 Combined modulation schemes (including trellis
94A08 Image processing (compression, reconstruction, codes) in coding theory
etc.) in information and communication theory [See
also 68U10] 94B15 Cyclic codes

94A11 Application of orthogonal and other special func- 94B20 Burst-correcting codes
tions 94B25 Combinatorial codes
94A12 Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, 94B27 Geometric methods (including applications of al-
filtering, etc.) gebraic geometry) applied to coding theory [See also
94A13 Detection theory in information and communica- 11T71, 14G50]
tion theory 94B30 Majority codes
94A14 Modulation and demodulation in information 94B35 Decoding
and communication theory
94B40 Arithmetic codes [See also 11T71, 14G50]
94A15 Information theory (general) [See also 62B10,
81P45] 94B50 Synchronization error-correcting codes

147

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94B60 Other types of codes 97-06 Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. per-
taining to mathematics education
94B65 Bounds on codes
97-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mathe-
94B70 Error probability in coding theory matics education
94B75 Applications of the theory of convex sets and ge-
ometry of numbers (covering radius, etc.) to coding 97Axx History and society (aspects of
theory [See also 11H31, 11H71] mathematics education)
97A30 History in mathematics education {For math-
94B99 None of the above, but in this section
ematics history, see 01-XX; for biographies, see
01A70; for history of mathematics education, see
94Cxx Circuits, networks [See also 68Q06] 97-03}
94C05 Analytic circuit theory 97A40 Mathematics education and society {For sociol-
94C11 Switching theory, applications of Boolean alge- ogy (and profession) of mathematics, see 01A80}
bras to circuits and networks 97A99 None of the above, but in this section
94C12 Fault detection; testing in circuits and networks
97Bxx Educational policy and systems
94C15 Applications of graph theory to circuits and net-
works [See also 05Cxx, 68R10] 97B10 Mathematics educational research and planning
97B20 Educational policy for general education
94C30 Applications of design theory to circuits and net-
works [See also 05Bxx] 97B30 Educational policy for vocational education

94C60 Circuits in qualitative investigation and simula- 97B40 Educational policy for higher education
tion of models
97B50 Mathematics teacher education
94C99 None of the above, but in this section 97B60 Educational policy for adult and further educa-
tion
94Dxx Miscellaneous topics in information 97B70 Syllabuses, educational standards
and communication theory
97B99 None of the above, but in this section
94D05 Fuzzy sets and logic (in connection with informa-
tion, communication, or circuits theory) [See also
03B52, 03E72, 28E10]
97Cxx Psychology of mathematics educa-
tion, research in mathematics education
94D10 Boolean functions [See also 06E30] {For connec-
97C10 Comprehensive works on psychology of mathe-
tions with circuits and networks, see 94C11}
matics education
94D99 None of the above, but in this section 97C20 Affective behavior and mathematics education
97C30 Cognitive processes, learning theories (aspects of
97-XX Mathematics education mathematics education)

97-00 General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, 97C40 Intelligence and aptitudes (aspects of mathemat-
bibliographies, etc.) pertaining to mathematics ed- ics education)
ucation
97C50 Language and verbal communities (aspects of
97-01 Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial pa- mathematics education)
pers, etc.) pertaining to mathematics education 97C60 Sociological aspects of learning (aspects of math-
97-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) ematics education)
pertaining to mathematics education 97C70 Teaching-learning processes in mathematics edu-
cation
97-03 History of mathematics education [Consider also
classification numbers pertaining to Section 01] 97C99 None of the above, but in this section

148

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97Dxx Education and instruction in math- 97F60 Number theory (educational aspects)
ematics
97F70 Measures and units (educational aspects)
97D10 Comprehensive works and comparative studies
on education and instruction in mathematics
97F80 Ratio and proportion, percentages (educational
97D20 Philosophical and theoretical contributions aspects)
(maths didactics)
97F90 Real life mathematics, practical arithmetic (edu-
97D30 Objectives and goals of mathematics teaching
cational aspects)
97D40 Mathematics teaching methods and classroom
techniques 97F99 None of the above, but in this section
97D50 Teaching mathematical problem solving and
heuristic strategies 97Gxx Geometry education
97D60 Student assessment, achievement control and
97G10 Comprehensive works on geometry education
rating (aspects of mathematics education)
97D70 Learning difficulties and student errors (aspects 97G20 Informal geometry (educational aspects)
of mathematics education)
97G30 Area and volume (educational aspects)
97D80 Mathematics teaching units and draft lessons
97D99 None of the above, but in this section 97G40 Plane and solid geometry (educational aspects)

97Exx Education of foundations of mathe- 97G50 Transformation geometry (educational aspects)

matics
97G60 Plane and spherical trigonometry (educational
97E10 Comprehensive works on education of founda- aspects)
tions of mathematics
97E20 Philosophy and mathematics (educational as- 97G70 Analytic geometry, vector algebra (educational
pects) aspects)

97E30 Logic (educational aspects) 97G80 Descriptive geometry (educational aspects)

97E40 Language of mathematics (educational aspects)
97G99 None of the above, but in this section
97E50 Reasoning and proving in the mathematics class-
room
97E60 Sets, relations, set theory (educational aspects)
97Hxx Algebra education

97E99 None of the above, but in this section 97H10 Comprehensive works on algebra education

97H20 Elementary algebra (educational aspects)

97Fxx Education of arithmetic and num-
ber theory 97H30 Equations and inequalities (educational aspects)
97F10 Comprehensive works on education of arithmetic
and number theory 97H40 Groups, rings, fields (educational aspects)
97F20 Pre-numerical stage, concept of numbers
97H50 Ordered algebraic structures (educational as-
97F30 Natural numbers (educational aspects) pects)

97F40 Integers, rational numbers (educational aspects)

97H60 Linear algebra (educational aspects)
97F50 Real numbers, complex numbers (educational as-
pects) 97H99 None of the above, but in this section

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97Ixx Analysis education 97M60 Biology, chemistry, medicine (aspects of mathe-
matics education)
97I10 Comprehensive works on analysis education
97I20 Mappings and functions (educational aspects) 97M70 Behavioral and social sciences (aspects of math-
ematics education)
97I30 Sequences and series (educational aspects)
97M80 Arts, music, language, architecture (aspects of
97I40 Differential calculus (educational aspects) mathematics education)
97I50 Integral calculus (educational aspects)
97M99 None of the above, but in this section
97I60 Functions of several variables (educational as-
pects)
97Nxx Education of numerical mathemat-
97I70 Functional equations (educational aspects) ics
97I80 Complex analysis (educational aspects) 97N10 Comprehensive works education of numerical
mathematics
97I99 None of the above, but in this section
97N20 Rounding, estimation, theory of errors (educa-
97Kxx Education of combinatorics, graph tional aspects)
theory, probability theory, and statistics
97N30 Numerical algebra (educational aspects)
97K10 Comprehensive works on combinatorics, graph
theory, and probability (educational aspects) 97N40 Numerical analysis (educational aspects)
97K20 Combinatorics (educational aspects)
97N50 Interpolation and approximation (educational
97K30 Graph theory (educational aspects) aspects)

97K40 Descriptive statistics (educational aspects) 97N60 Mathematical programming (educational as-
pects)
97K50 Probability theory (educational aspects)
97K60 Distributions and stochastic processes (educa- 97N70 Discrete mathematics (educational aspects)
tional aspects)
97N80 Mathematical software, computer programs (ed-
97K70 Foundations and methodology of statistics (edu- ucational aspects)
cational aspects)
97N99 None of the above, but in this section
97K80 Applied statistics (educational aspects)
97K99 None of the above, but in this section 97Pxx Computer science (educational as-
pects)
97Mxx Education of mathematical model-
ing and applications of mathematics 97P10 Comprehensive works on computer science (edu-
cational aspects)
97M10 Modeling and interdisciplinarity (aspects of
mathematics education) 97P20 Theoretical computer science (educational as-
pects)
97M20 Mathematics in vocational training and career
education 97P30 Systems, databases (educational aspects)
97M30 Financial and insurance mathematics (aspects of
97P40 Programming languages (educational aspects)
mathematics education)
97M40 Operations research, economics (aspects of 97P50 Programming techniques (educational aspects)
mathematics education)
97P80 Artificial intelligence (educational aspects)
97M50 Physics, astronomy, technology, engineering (as-
pects of mathematics education) 97P99 None of the above, but in this section

150

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97Uxx Educational material and media 97U50 Computer-assisted instruction, e-learning (as-
and educational technology in mathemat- pects of mathematics education)
ics education
97U60 Manipulative materials (aspects of mathematics
97U10 Comprehensive works on educational material
education)
and media and educational technology in mathe-
matics education
97U70 Technological tools, calculators (aspects of math-
97U20 Textbooks, textbook research (aspects of math- ematics education)
ematics education)
97U30 Teachers’ manuals and planning aids (aspects of 97U80 Audiovisual media (aspects of mathematics edu-
mathematics education) cation)
97U40 Problem books, competitions, examinations (as-
pects of mathematics education) 97U99 None of the above, but in this section

151

© 2020 Mathematical Reviews and zbMATH.

Published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA license.