Criminological Theory (Labelling Theory)
Final Output in Foundations of Criminology
Criminological Theories:
Labelling Theory
Lourdes Joy A. Almanzor
Registered Criminologist, Napolcom passer,
Security Staff II, PAGCOR
Cyril Emen Billiones
Registered Criminologist
Certified Security Professional`
Fingerprint Examiner, NBI
Master of Science in Criminal Justice
DLSU-D
August 2020
I. Definition of Terms
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES (LABELLING THEORY)
Decriminalization. Removing of status offenders from the
jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
Deinstitutionalization. the removal of juveniles from jails,
detention centers, and institutions. removing juveniles from these
facilities, and when possible removing status and minor offenders
from the juvenile justice system as a whole, is the most basic type
of the diversion.
Deviance. The violation of rules or norms.
Diversion Movement. This refers to all those efforts to divert
individuals, primarily youth but also adults who are suspected of or
have been charged with minor offenses, from the full informal
process of the juvenile or adult justice system. the intent is to
reduce the stigma of formal delinquent or criminal labels on the
individuals and reduce or avoid the cost of formal processing of the
crime.
Faith-based Programs. These are religiously based program
which can be operated within the institution or the larger
community. They can be run by inmates or religious leaders, and
you spiritual beliefs and values to change offender’s attitudes and
behaviors.
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES (LABELLING THEORY)
Labelling Theory. The view that the labels people are given
influence their own and other’s perception of them, thus channeling
their behavior into deviance or into conformity.
Pre-trial Intervention. this provides defendants, generally first-
time offenders, with opportunities for alternatives to traditional
criminal justice process of ordinary prosecution.
Primary Deviance. Deviant acts that are committed in the
absence of or preceding the application of a deviant label for the
acts. While it may or may not be the first crime a person has
committed, it is not based on response to being labeled as a
deviant.
Prospective labelling. This occurs when the deviant recognizes
future acts as deviant.
Radical Non-Intervention. This was developed by Edwin M. Schur
as an alternative way of dealing with the juvenile delinquency. The
belief that is better to simply tolerate minor offenses rather than
risk labelling the offender.
Restorative Justice. It is a theory of justice that emphasizes
repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. it is best upon
vision through cooperative processes that allow all willing
stakeholders to meet, although other approaches are available
when that is impossible.
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES (LABELLING THEORY)
Retrospective labelling. This occurs when a deviant recognizes
her acts as deviant prior to the primary deviance.
Secondary Deviance. Criminal or deviant acts that are committed
in response to, or because of, label that has been applied to an
individual
Stigma. It is described as a label that associates a person to a set
of unwanted characteristics that form a stereotype.
Techniques of Neutralization. Methods that a person would use
to rationalize breaking norms: Denial of responsibility; Denial of
Injury; Denial of Victim; Condemnation of condemners; Appeal to
higher loyalties.
II. Introduction
III. Related Literatures
IV. Assessments
1. What does Labelling theory mean?
This refers to a theory of social behavior which states that the
behavior of human beings is influenced significantly by the way other
members in society label them. It has been used to explain a variety
of social behavior among groups, including deviant criminal behavior.
2. Who created the Labelling Theory?
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES (LABELLING THEORY)
Howard Becker is the first as well as one of the most prominent
labeling theorists was Howard Becker, who published his
groundbreaking work Outsiders in 1963 which provided the
foundations for labelling theory. He is an American Sociologist who has
made major contributions to the sociology of deviance, sociology of
art, and sociology of music.
3. When did Labelling Theory emerge?
Labelling theory was developed by sociologists during the 1960’s. The
book of Howard Becker was influential in the development of labelling
theory and its rise to popularity.
4. Where did Labelling Theory attributes its origin?
Labelling theory attributes its origins The French sociologist Emile
Durkheim and his 1897 book, suicide. Durkheim found that crime is
not so much a violation of a Penal Code as it is an act that outrages
society. he was the first to suggest that deviant labeling satisfies that
function and satisfies societies need to control the behavior.
5.
V. References
VI. Submitted by:
Almanzor, Lourdes Joy Alegre
Billiones, Cyril Emen
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES (LABELLING THEORY)
VII. Attachments:
Sociology Live! : Labelling Theory
[Link]
Chegg
[Link]
