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2019/20 Info. & Communication Technology Lesson Note For Grade 10
Set by: Surafel Hailu
Database
A database is a collection of related data that is organized, so that it can easily be accessed, managed and
updated.
A database stores information in an organized way and makes it easy to get information in and out.
Common areas where database are used:-
1. Government
2. Business
3. Educational institutes
4. Non- profit organization
Some examples of database applications are:-
1. Computerized library systems
2. Automated teller machines (ATMs)
3. Flight reservation systems
4. Computerized inventory systems
Data base has the following features:-
Table:- in a database it is predefined format of rows and columns that define an entity.
- It is also called a relation
Record:- a database record consists of one set of topples in a table.
- A row of information in a table is called a record.
Field:- a field is a single unit of data stored as part of a data base record
- Fields are the columns in the table
Data type:- specifies the type of data that a column in a table represents in a database.
1 “Your Kids Our Kids!” “ ልጆችዎ ልጆቻችን ናቸው!”
➢ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!
- Eg. Numeric, character or text
Primary key:- every table should contain a field that uniquely identifies each record stored in it
- This field is called the primary key of the table
Designing a Database structure
Before you start creating a database, it is essential to create a good database design.
To plan a design a database, the points to be considered are:
1. The purpose of the database
2. The number of tables and the type of information each table will contain
3. Columns that will form each table
4. Relationship between tables
You can decide your own database structure as per your requirement.
Query
The process of accessing the database and retrieving data selectively is known as querying.
Queries often serve as the record source for forms and reports.
Query is a database object, which is used for extracting data from one or more tables based on specific conditions.
The set of records returned by a query is known as Dynaset.
Type of Queries
Ms-Access supports many types of queries. The major categories are:-
1. Select queries: retrieve records or summaries (Totals) across records.
2. Make table queries: similar to select queries but results are placed in a new table
3. Append queries: similar to select queries but results are added to an existing tables
4. Update Queries: modify data in a table
5. Delete Queries: records are deleted from a table
2 “Your Kids Our Kids!” “ ልጆችዎ ልጆቻችን ናቸው!”
➢ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!
Form
A form is a Database object that you can use to enter, edit, or display data from a table or a query. Forms are
sometimes called “data entry screens”
Different methods of creating a form
Form tool: creates a form with a single mouse click.
Split form tool: shows two views for a form, with the bottom half displaying the form using form view while the
same form displays in the top half using datasheet view.
Form wizard: provides more choice for the form’s design that the form tool.
Blank Form tool: you can use it to build a form if the wizard or the form-building tools do not fit your needs.
Form is a graphical user interface for the database. Users can enter, edit and even delete data through a form. A
sub form is a form that is inserted in another form. The primary form is called the main form, and the form within
the form is called sub form.
Sub forms are especially effective when you want to show data from tables or queries that have a one-to-many
relationship. Sub forms can be created along with the form or separately.
Reports are what you use to summarize and present the data in the tables. A report usually answers a specific
question.
A table contains data about a particular topic. In a table, data is arranged in row or column format.
A database is a collection of related data that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed and
updated.
Databases are used in many applications, covering almost the entire range of computer software.
Expression: any combination of mathematical or logical operation, constants, functions and names of fields
controls and properties that evaluates to a single value.
Steps to follow
1. To open an existing Database follow the steps on page 92 of the text book
2. To create a table follow the steps on page 93
3. To create, edit, delete and sort records follow the steps on page 94-95.
3 “Your Kids Our Kids!” “ ልጆችዎ ልጆቻችን ናቸው!”
➢ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንንና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!
