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Parameter and Statistics

This document discusses key concepts in statistics related to populations and samples. It defines a population as the entire collection of elements to be studied, while a sample is a subset of a population used to study part of the population. It also defines parameters as measurements describing population characteristics and statistics as measurements describing sample characteristics. Finally, it outlines four common sampling methods: random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.

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117 views2 pages

Parameter and Statistics

This document discusses key concepts in statistics related to populations and samples. It defines a population as the entire collection of elements to be studied, while a sample is a subset of a population used to study part of the population. It also defines parameters as measurements describing population characteristics and statistics as measurements describing sample characteristics. Finally, it outlines four common sampling methods: random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.

Uploaded by

MarlaFirmalino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In statistics, we commonly use the terms population and sample.

A
population is the complete and entire collection of elements to be
studied. Sometimes, a population is very large. To save time and
money, statisticians may study only a part of the population. This is
called a sample. A sample is a subset of a population.
Closely related to the concepts of a population and a sample are the
concepts of parameter and statistic. A parameter is a numerical
measurement describing some characteristics of a population. A
statistic is a numerical measurement describing some characteristics of
a sample.

Four basic methods of sampling


1. Random Sampling
-this is done by using a chance methods or random numbers. For
example, number each subject in the population. Place each
number in a bowl and select as many card numbers as needed.
The subjects whose numbers are selected composes the sample.
2. Systematic Sampling
-This is done by numbering each subject of the population and then
selecting every kth number. For example, there are 5000 families in the
city. Fifty families are needed as sample for an experiment. Since
5000/50= 100, then k=100. This means that every 100th subject would
be selected. However, the first subject would be selected at random
from subjects 1 to 100. Suppose the subject 88 was selected, then the
sample would consist of subjects whose numbers were 88, 188. 288
and so on until 50 families were obtained.
3. Stratified sampling
If a population has distinct groups, it is possible to divide the population
into these groups and to draw SRS’s from each of the groups. The
groups are called strata. Strata are designed so that members in each
strata are more homogenous, that is more similar to each other. The
results are then grouped together to form the sample. This technique is
particularly useful in populations that can be stratified into groups by
gender, race, and geography.
4. Cluster Sampling
This method uses intact group called clusters. Suppose a medical
researcher wants to study the patients in Metro Manila. It would be
very costly and time consuming to obtain a random variable sample
since they would be spread since they would be spread over different
parts of Metro Manila. Rather, a few hospitals could be selected at
random and the patients in these hospitals would be studied in a
cluster.

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