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B3. This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about a collision. Part 2 is about electric current
and resistance.
Part 1 A collision
Two identical blocks of mass 0.17 kg and length 0.050 m are travelling towards each other along
a straight line through their centres as shown below. Assume that the surface is frictionless.
0.900 m
0.18 m s–1 0.18 m s–1
block A block B
0.050 m 0.050 m
The initial distance between the centres of the blocks is 0.900 m and both blocks are moving at
a speed of 0.18 m s–1 relative to the surface.
(a) Determine the time taken for the blocks to come into contact with each other. [3]
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(This question continues on the following page)
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(Question B3, part 1 continued)
(b) As a result of the collision, the blocks reverse their direction of motion and travel at the
same speed as each other. During the collision, 20 % of the kinetic energy of the blocks
is given off as thermal energy to the surroundings.
(i) State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. [2]
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(ii) Show that the final speed of the blocks relative to the surface is 0.16 m s–1. [3]
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(This question continues on the following page)
Turn over
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(Question B3, part 1 continued)
(c) (i) State Newton’s third law of motion. [1]
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(ii) During the collision of the blocks, the magnitude of the force that block A exerts
on block B is FAB and the magnitude of the force that block B exerts on block A
is FBA. On the diagram below, draw labelled arrows to represent the magnitude and
direction of the forces FAB and FBA. [3]
block A block B
(iii) The duration of the collision between the blocks is 0.070 s. Determine the average
force one block exerted on the other. [3]
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(This question continues on page 26)
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A3. This question is about gravitational fields.
(a) Define gravitational field strength. [2]
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(b) The gravitational field strength at the surface of Jupiter is 25 N kg–1 and the radius of
Jupiter is 7.1× 107 m.
(i) Derive an expression for the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet
in terms of its mass M, its radius R and the gravitational constant G. [2]
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(ii) Use your expression in (b)(i) above to estimate the mass of Jupiter. [2]
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5. A tennis ball is released from rest at a height h above the ground. At each bounce 50 % of
its kinetic energy is lost to its surroundings. What is the height reached by the ball after its
second bounce?
h
A.
8
h
B.
4
h
C.
2
D. zero
6. The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional
force acts on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on
the block?
A. 24 N
B. 48 N
C. 96 N
D. 192 N
7. The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted.
What is the useful work done by the motor?
A. 100 J
B. 125 J
C. 250 J
D. 400 J
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8. A net force acts on a body. Which characteristic of the body will definitely change?
A. Speed
B. Momentum
C. Kinetic energy
D. Direction of motion
9. A ball of mass 0.2 kg strikes a force sensor and sticks to it. Just before impact the ball is travelling
horizontally at a speed of 4.0 m s–1. The graph shows the variation with time t of the force F
recorded by the sensor.
F
Fmax
0
400 440 t / ms
What is Fmax?
A. 2 N
B. 4 N
C. 20 N
D. 40 N
